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Hwang JH, Tung JP, Harkin DG, Flower RL, Pecheniuk NM. Extracellular vesicles in fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate: Impact on in vitro endothelial cell viability. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 39021332 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) remains a major contributor to transfusion-associated mortality. While the pathogenesis of TRALI remains unclear, there is evidence of a role for blood components. We therefore investigated the potential effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from these blood components, on the viability of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) in vitro. METHODS EVs were isolated from FFP and cryoprecipitate using size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. The potential effects of these blood components and their EVs on HLMVEC viability (determined by trypan blue exclusion) were examined in the presence and absence of neutrophils, either with or without prior treatment of HLMVECs with LPS. RESULTS EVs isolated from FFP and cryoprecipitate displayed morphological and biochemical properties conforming to latest international criteria. While FFP, cryoprecipitate, and EVs derived from FFP, each reduced HLMVEC viability, no effect was observed for EVs derived from cryoprecipitate. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate clear differences in the effects of FFP, cryoprecipitate, and their respective EVs on HLMVEC viability in vitro. Examination of the mechanisms underlying these differences may lead to an improved understanding of the factors that promote development of TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hui Hwang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie M Pecheniuk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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van der Velden S, van Osch TLJ, Seghier A, Bentlage AEH, Mok JY, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Pouw RB, Brouwer MC, Jongerius I, de Haas M, Porcelijn L, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G, Kapur R. Complement activation drives antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury via macrophage trafficking and formation of NETs. Blood 2024; 143:79-91. [PMID: 37801721 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities and, to date, is without available therapies. Here, we investigated the role of the complement system in TRALI. Murine anti-major histocompatibility complex class I antibodies were used in TRALI mouse models, in combination with analyses of plasma samples from patients with TRALI. We found that in vitro complement activation was related to in vivo antibody-mediated TRALI induction, which was correlated with increased macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood in a fragment crystallizable region (Fc)-dependent manner and that this was dependent on C5. Human immunoglobulin G 1 variants of the murine TRALI-inducing antibody 34-1-2S, either unable to activate complement and/or bind to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), revealed an essential role for the complement system, but not for FcγRs, in the onset of 34-1-2S-mediated TRALI in mice. In addition, we found high levels of complement activation in the plasma of patients with TRALI (n = 53), which correlated with elevated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers. In vitro we found that NETs could be formed in a murine, 2-hit model, mimicking TRALI with lipopolysaccharide and C5a stimulation. Collectively, this reveals a critical role of Fc-mediated complement activation in TRALI, with a direct relation to macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood and an association with NET formation, suggesting that targeting the complement system may be an attractive therapeutic approach for combating TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs L J van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amina Seghier
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard B Pouw
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke C Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Bayat B, Lowack J, Audrain M, Croisille L, Curtis B, Dangerfield R, Esmaeili B, Grabowski C, Keller M, Kim H, Kroll H, Kvanka MM, Kwok J, Moritz E, Nathalang O, Nelson D, Nielsen KR, Pahn G, Poles A, Porcelijn L, Sachs UJ, Schönbacher M, Körmöczi GF, Kupatawintu P, Takahashi D, Uhrynowska M, Flesch B, Fung YL. World human neutrophil antigens investigation survey. Vox Sang 2023; 118:763-774. [PMID: 37608544 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are categorized into five systems: HNA-1 to HNA-5. Given the importance of neutrophils in immunity, we sought to create awareness of the role of HNA diagnostic services in managing immune neutropenia and transfusion-related acute lung injury. To provide health communities all around the world with access to these services, we conducted a survey to create a directory of these HNA diagnostic services. MATERIALS AND METHODS An Excel table-based survey was created to capture information on the laboratory's location and was emailed to 55 individuals with known or possible HNA investigation activity. The collected data were then summarized and analysed. RESULTS Of contacted laboratories, the surveys were returned from 23 (38.2%) laboratories; 17 have already established HNA diagnostic (of them 12 were regular participants of the International Granulocyte Immunobiology Workshop [ISBT-IGIW]), 4 laboratories were in the process of establishing their HNA investigation and the remaining 2 responder laboratories, did not conduct HNA investigations. In established laboratories, investigation for autoimmune neutropenia (infancies and adults) was the most frequently requested, and antibodies against HNA-1a and HNA-1b were the most commonly detected. CONCLUSION The directory of survey respondents provides a resource for health professionals wanting to access HNA diagnostic services. The present study offers a comprehensive picture of HNA diagnostics (typing and serology), identifying weak points and areas for improvement for the first time. Identifying more laboratories involved in HNA diagnostics with limited access to international societies in the field will globally improve HNA diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bayat
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Haemostasis, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jonas Lowack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Haemostasis, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Marie Audrain
- Service d'Immunologie, Laboratoire de Biologie, Nantes, France
| | | | - Brian Curtis
- Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Lab, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca Dangerfield
- American Red Cross Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Behnaz Esmaeili
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudia Grabowski
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin Dessau, DRK-Blutspendedienst NSTOB, Dessau, Germany
| | - Margaret Keller
- American Red Cross Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hartmut Kroll
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin Dessau, DRK-Blutspendedienst NSTOB, Dessau, Germany
| | | | - Janette Kwok
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetic, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Elyse Moritz
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicinia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oytip Nathalang
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Derrick Nelson
- Specialized Laboratory Services, South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Gail Pahn
- Platelet & Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Poles
- Department of Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics, NHS Blood & Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Platelet/Leucocyte Serology Laboratory, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich J Sachs
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Haemostasis, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Marlies Schönbacher
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther F Körmöczi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Flesch
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics/HLA, DRK Blutspendedienst West, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Yoke-Lin Fung
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Yu Y, Lian Z. Update on transfusion-related acute lung injury: an overview of its pathogenesis and management. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175387. [PMID: 37251400 PMCID: PMC10213666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a severe adverse event and a leading cause of transfusion-associated death. Its poor associated prognosis is due, in large part, to the current dearth of effective therapeutic strategies. Hence, an urgent need exists for effective management strategies for the prevention and treatment of associated lung edema. Recently, various preclinical and clinical studies have advanced the current knowledge regarding TRALI pathogenesis. In fact, the application of this knowledge to patient management has successfully decreased TRALI-associated morbidity. This article reviews the most relevant data and recent progress related to TRALI pathogenesis. Based on the existing two-hit theory, a novel three-step pathogenesis model composed of a priming step, pulmonary reaction, and effector phase is postulated to explain the process of TRALI. TRALI pathogenesis stage-specific management strategies based on clinical studies and preclinical models are summarized with an explication of their models of prevention and experimental drugs. The primary aim of this review is to provide useful insights regarding the underlying pathogenesis of TRALI to inform the development of preventive or therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhengqiu Lian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Chen DW, Kang T, Xu XZ, Xia WJ, Ye X, Wu YB, Xu YR, Liu J, Ren H, Deng J, Chen YK, Ding HQ, Aslam M, Zelek WM, Morgan BP, Kapur R, Santoso S, Fu YS. Mechanism and intervention of murine transfusion-related acute lung injury caused by anti-CD36 antibodies. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165142. [PMID: 36809299 PMCID: PMC10070104 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD36 Abs have been suggested to induce transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) upon blood transfusion, particularly in Asian populations. However, little is known about the pathological mechanism of anti-CD36 Ab-mediated TRALI, and potential therapies have not yet been identified. Here, we developed a murine model of anti-CD36 Ab-mediated TRALI to address these questions. Administration of mouse mAb against CD36 (mAb GZ1) or human anti-CD36 IgG, but not GZ1 F(ab')2 fragments, induced severe TRALI in Cd36+/+ male mice. Predepletion of recipient monocytes or complement, but not neutrophils or platelets, prevented the development of murine TRALI. Moreover, plasma C5a levels after TRALI induction by anti-CD36 Abs increased more than 3-fold, implying a critical role of complement C5 activation in the mechanism of Fc-dependent anti-CD36-mediated TRALI. Administration of GZ1 F(ab')2, antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine, NAC), or C5 blocker (mAb BB5.1) before TRALI induction completely protected mice from anti-CD36-mediated TRALI. Although no significant amelioration in TRALI was observed when mice were injected with GZ1 F(ab')2 after TRALI induction, significant improvement was achieved when mice were treated postinduction with NAC or anti-C5. Importantly, anti-C5 treatment completely rescued mice from TRALI, suggesting the potential role of existing anti-C5 drugs in the treatment of patients with TRALI caused by anti-CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tian Kang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Zhang Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Bin Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Ri Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Kai Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yong-Shui Fu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Koehl B, Vrignaud C, Mikdar M, Nair TS, Yang L, Landry S, Laiguillon G, Giroux‐Lathuile C, Anselme‐Martin S, El Kenz H, Hermine O, Mohandas N, Cartron JP, Colin Y, Detante O, Marlu R, Le Van Kim C, Carey TE, Azouzi S, Peyrard T. Lack of the human choline transporter-like protein SLC44A2 causes hearing impairment and a rare red blood phenotype. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16320. [PMID: 36695047 PMCID: PMC9994479 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood phenotypes are defined by the presence or absence of specific blood group antigens at the red blood cell (RBC) surface, due to genetic polymorphisms among individuals. The recent development of genomic and proteomic approaches enabled the characterization of several enigmatic antigens. The choline transporter-like protein CTL2 encoded by the SLC44A2 gene plays an important role in platelet aggregation and neutrophil activation. By investigating alloantibodies to a high-prevalence antigen of unknown specificity, found in patients with a rare blood type, we showed that SLC44A2 is also expressed in RBCs and carries a new blood group system. Furthermore, we identified three siblings homozygous for a large deletion in SLC44A2, resulting in complete SLC44A2 deficiency. Interestingly, the first-ever reported SLC44A2-deficient individuals suffer from progressive hearing impairment, recurrent arterial aneurysms, and epilepsy. Furthermore, SLC44A2null individuals showed no significant platelet aggregation changes and do not suffer from any apparent hematological disorders. Overall, our findings confirm the function of SLC44A2 in hearing preservation and provide new insights into the possible role of this protein in maintaining cerebrovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Koehl
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
- Department of Child HematologyReference Center for Sickle‐Cell Disease Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Cédric Vrignaud
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
| | - Mahmoud Mikdar
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
| | - Thankam S Nair
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Lucy Yang
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Seyve Landry
- Hemostasis LaboratoryGrenoble Alpes University Hospital GrenobleGrenobleFrance
| | - Guy Laiguillon
- Établissement Français de Sang (EFS) Ile‐de‐France, Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes SanguinsParisFrance
| | | | - Sophie Anselme‐Martin
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Immunohematology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
| | - Hanane El Kenz
- Department of Transfusion, Blood Bank, CHU‐Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine FabiolaUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163ParisFrance
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Yves Colin
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
| | - Olivier Detante
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Inserm U1216University of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Raphaël Marlu
- Hemostasis LaboratoryGrenoble Alpes University Hospital GrenobleGrenobleFrance
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5525, TIMCGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Thomas E Carey
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
- Établissement Français de Sang (EFS) Ile‐de‐France, Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes SanguinsParisFrance
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGRParisFrance
- Établissement Français de Sang (EFS) Ile‐de‐France, Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes SanguinsParisFrance
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7
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Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3501-3546. [PMID: 35734098 PMCID: PMC9207257 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. Hence, it is considered as the most appropriate clinical syndrome to study pathogenic mechanisms of lung inflammation. ARDS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), while no effective pharmacological treatment exists. It is very important therefore to fully characterize the underlying pathobiology and the related mechanisms, in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In vivo and in vitro models are important pre-clinical tools in biological and medical research in the mechanistic and pathological understanding of the majority of diseases. In this review, we will present data from selected experimental models of lung injury/acute lung inflammation, which have been based on clinical disorders that can lead to the development of ARDS and related inflammatory lung processes in humans, including ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, smoke, acid aspiration, radiation, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), influenza, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae and coronaviruses infection. Data from the corresponding clinical conditions will also be presented. The mechanisms related to lung inflammation that will be covered are oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, surfactant, and water and ion channels. Finally, we will present a brief overview of emerging techniques in the field of omics research that have been applied to ARDS research, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which may recognize factors to help stratify ICU patients at risk, predict their prognosis, and possibly, serve as more specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Tung JP, Chiaretti S, Dean MM, Sultana AJ, Reade MC, Fung YL. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Potential pathways of development, strategies for prevention and treatment, and future research directions. Blood Rev 2022; 53:100926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Nair TS, Kakaraparthi BN, Yang L, Lu L, Thomas TB, Morris AC, Kommareddi P, Kanicki A, Carey TE. Slc44a2 deletion alters tetraspanin and N-cadherin expression: Reduced adhesion and enhanced proliferation in cultured mesenchymal lung cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101599. [PMID: 34371293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Slc44a2 is reported to interact with tetraspanins CD9 and CD81. To investigate how Slc44a2 affects adhesion protein expression, cells from wild-type (WT) Slc44a2+/+, heterozygous (HET) Slc44a2+/-, and knockout (KO) Slc44a2-/- mice were cultured from lung tissue. The cultured cells expressed vimentin, N-cadherin, p120 catenin, beta-catenin, actin, CD9, and CD81, but not E-cadherin. Vimentin expression with lack of E-cadherin indicated that the cultured cells were of mesenchymal origin. Slc44a2 KO cells and HET cells demonstrated lower adherence and faster proliferation than the WT cells. All three groups displayed dramatically altered intracellular distribution of N-cadherin, CD9, and CD81. The CD9 membrane foci observed in WT cell membranes were less frequent and diminished in size in HET cells and KO cells. N-cadherin was dispersed throughout both the cytoplasm and membrane in WT cells, with similar yet weaker distribution in HET cells; however, in KO cells, N-cadherin was densely aggregated in the perinuclear cytoplasm. CD81 had a distribution pattern in WT, HET, and KO cells similar to that of N-cadherin with dense cytoplasmic clusters in the cells. KO cells also exhibited reduced filamentous actin as compared to WT cells. These results suggest that Slc44a2 is necessary for proper cellular localization of adhesion proteins and growth regulation that may be related to altered adhesion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankam S Nair
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Bala Naveen Kakaraparthi
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Lucy Yang
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Lillian Lu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Trey B Thomas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Anna C Morris
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Pavan Kommareddi
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Ariane Kanicki
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, United States.
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Transfusion of target antigens to preimmunized recipients: a new mechanism in transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3975-3985. [PMID: 34438443 PMCID: PMC8945619 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recipients’ preformed alloantibodies may initiate TRALI reaction in recipients transfused with soluble antigen. The antibody interaction with absorbed antigen on ECs leads to endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury.
Transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI) is a serious side effect of blood transfusion. Exclusion of antibody carriers from the donor pool has significantly decreased the number of cases, but TRALI remains the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Here, we show that proteins released from donor cells during processing of blood components are capable of inducing a new type of reverse TRALI when transfused to preimmunized recipients. First, we show that soluble neutrophil surface protein CD177 in complex with proteinase 3 (sCD177/PR3) is not only present in human plasma but also in packed red blood cell (PRBC) supernatant. Filtration or storage enhances the concentration of sCD177/PR3 in PRBCs. Second, we show that sCD177/PR3 specifically binds to PECAM-1 on stimulated (but not on unstimulated) endothelial cells (ECs). Third, we provide evidence that the sCD177/PR3/PECAM-1 complex is functional. In the presence of monoclonal or human antibodies against CD177 or PR3, ECs produce reactive oxygen species and become apoptotic. Albumin flux through an EC monolayer increases significantly whenever antibodies and the cognate antigens are present. Finally, we describe a clinical case in which anti-CD177 present in a transfusion recipient precipitated TRALI after the transfusion of CD177-positive, but not CD177-negative, PRBCs. In conclusion, we introduce a new TRALI mechanism based on the specific binding of transfused, soluble antigens to activated ECs in preimmunized recipients. We suggest that further studies and clinical work-up of TRALI should also include antibody investigation of the recipient.
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11
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Yu Y, Jiang P, Sun P, Su N, Lin F. Pulmonary coagulation and fibrinolysis abnormalities that favor fibrin deposition in the lungs of mouse antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:601. [PMID: 34165170 PMCID: PMC8240174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening disease caused by blood transfusion. However, its pathogenesis is poorly understood and specific therapies are not available. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that alveolar fibrin deposition serves a pathological role in acute lung injuries. The present study investigated whether pulmonary fibrin deposition occurs in a TRALI mouse model and the possible mechanisms underlying this deposition. The TRALI model was established by priming male Balb/c mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 18 h prior to injection of an anti-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) antibody. Untreated mice and mice administered LPS plus isotype antibody served as controls. At 2 h after TRALI induction, blood and lung tissue were collected. Disease characteristics were assessed based on lung tissue histology, inflammatory responses and alterations in the alveolar-capillary barrier. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect pulmonary fibrin deposition, platelets and fibrin-platelet interactions. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TATc), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), coagulation factor activity and fibrin degradation product (FDP) in lung tissue homogenates were measured. Severe lung injury, increased inflammatory responses and a damaged alveolar-capillary barrier in the LPS-primed, anti-MHC-I antibody-administered mice indicated that the TRALI model was successfully established. Fibrin deposition, fibrin-platelet interactions and platelets accumulation in the lungs of mouse models were clearly promoted. Additionally, levels of TATc, coagulation factor V (FV), TFPI and PAI-1 were elevated, whereas FDP level was decreased in TRALI mice. In conclusion, both impaired fibrinolysis and enhanced coagulation, which might be induced by boosted FV activity, increased pulmonary platelets accumulation and enhanced fibrin-platelet interactions and contributed to pulmonary fibrin deposition in TRALI mice. The results provided a therapeutic rationale to target abnormalities in either coagulation or fibrinolysis pathways for antibody-mediated TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Yu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Na Su
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhao Lin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
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12
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Guo K, Ma S. The Immune System in Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Therapy: Update and Perspective. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639976. [PMID: 33842545 PMCID: PMC8024523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an initiator of respiratory distress, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is regarded as one of the rare complications associated with transfusion medicine. However, to date, the pathogenesis of TRALI is still unclear, and specific therapies are unavailable. Understanding the mechanisms of TRALI may promote the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The immune system plays vital roles in reproduction, development and homeostasis. Sterile tissue damage, such as physical trauma, ischemia, or reperfusion injury, induces an inflammatory reaction that results in wound healing and regenerative mechanisms. In other words, in addition to protecting against pathogens, the immune response may be strongly associated with TRALI prevention and treatment through a variety of immunomodulatory strategies to inhibit excessive immune system activation. Immunotherapy based on immune cells or immunological targets may eradicate complications. For example, IL-10 therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to explore further. This review will focus on ultramodern advances in our understanding of the potential role of the immune system in TRALI prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxuan Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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13
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Wu Y, Chen D, Xu X, Mai M, Ye X, Li C, Santoso S, Xia W, Fu Y. Hydrops fetalis associated with anti-CD36 antibodies in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Possible underlying mechanism. Transfus Med 2020; 30:361-368. [PMID: 32720360 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we asked whether anti-CD36 antibodies impair the maturation of erythropoietic stem cells to mature red blood cells (RBCs), leading to anaemia and hydrops fetalis (HF). BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown the importance of anti-CD36 antibodies in the development of Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). In comparison to other types of antibody-mediated FNAIT, anti-CD36 antibodies are frequently associated with anaemia and HF. As mature RBCs do not express CD36, the reason for this phenomenon is currently not fully understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case of FNAIT with signs of HF was characterised in this study. Maternal anti-CD36 antibodies were isolated by an absorption/elution approach. We cultured haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with purified anti-CD36 antibodies, and the formation of burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E/BFU-E) cells was analysed. Apoptosis of HSCs was also investigated. RESULTS Analysis of the mother showed type-1 CD36 deficiency. Anti-CD36 antibodies were found in maternal serum, as well as on fetal platelets, by ELISA, and the specificity of these antibodies was further substantiated by flow cytometry. In comparison to control IgG, incubation of HSCs with purified anti-CD36 antibodies led to a significant reduction in CFU-E/BFU-E cell formation, and this result was associated with an increased number of apoptotic CD34+ erythroid/myeloid precursor cells. Administration of intra-uterine transfusion with washed RBCs was effective in improving fetal anaemia. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD36 antibodies may cause anaemia and trigger HF through apoptosis of CD34+ erythroid/myeloid precursor cells. However, the contribution of other cells must also be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuzhang Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqin Mai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Qiao J, He R, Yin Y, Tian L, Li L, Lian Z, Fang P, Liu Z. rIL-35 prevents murine transfusion-related acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of endothelial cells. Transfusion 2020; 60:1434-1442. [PMID: 32452053 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an important cause of death associated with transfusion, and no specific clinical treatments are available. Endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the development of TRALI. This study investigated whether IL-35, an endothelial stabilizing cytokine could regulate the severity of antibody-mediated TRALI in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were cultured in vitro, rIL-35(2 μg/mL) was added before HMVECs activation, and HMVECs were fully activated by LPS (0.5 μg/mL). Then cells were collected for flow cytometry analysis. We used a previously established "two-event" mouse model of TRALI with naive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice as controls. rIL-35(100 μg/kg) was injected into the tail vein for 3 consecutive days before the induction of the TRALI model. Samples were collected 2 hours after TRALI induction and tested for lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, total protein levels, lung tissue histology, endothelial cell activation assay, and cytokine assay. RESULTS In vitro culture of HMVECs with rIL-35 verified that rIL-35 inhibited endothelial cells. In a mouse model, prophylactic administration of rIL-35 prevented pulmonary edema, increased lung protein levels, and reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in the lung. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that antibody-mediated murine TRALI can be prevented by rIL-35, and that rIL-35 appears to work by inhibiting the activation of lung endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Qiao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghua Yin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengqiu Lian
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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15
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Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030851. [PMID: 32013006 PMCID: PMC7038180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a prominent role in all human immune responses against any type of pathogen or stimulus. The lungs are a major neutrophil reservoir and neutrophilic inflammation is a primary response to both infectious and non-infectious challenges. While neutrophils are well known for their essential role in clearance of bacteria, they are also equipped with specific mechanisms to counter viruses and fungi. When these defense mechanisms become aberrantly activated in the absence of infection, this commonly results in debilitating chronic lung inflammation. Clearance of bacteria by phagocytosis is the hallmark role of neutrophils and has been studied extensively. New studies on neutrophil biology have revealed that this leukocyte subset is highly adaptable and fulfills diverse roles. Of special interest is how these adaptations can impact the outcome of an immune response in the lungs due to their potent capacity for clearing infection and causing damage to host tissue. The adaptability of neutrophils and their propensity to influence the outcome of immune responses implicates them as a much-needed target of future immunomodulatory therapies. This review highlights the recent advances elucidating the mechanisms of neutrophilic inflammation, with a focus on the lung environment due to the immense and growing public health burden of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute lung inflammatory diseases such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
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16
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17
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Targeting Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury: The Journey From Basic Science to Novel Therapies. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e452-e458. [PMID: 29384784 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transfusion-related acute lung injury is characterized by the onset of respiratory distress and acute lung injury following blood transfusion, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Generally, a two-hit model is presumed to underlie transfusion-related acute lung injury with the first hit being risk factors present in the transfused patient (such as inflammation), whereas the second hit is conveyed by factors in the transfused donor blood (such as antileukocyte antibodies). At least 80% of transfusion-related acute lung injury cases are related to the presence of donor antibodies such as antihuman leukocyte or antihuman neutrophil antibodies. The remaining cases may be related to nonantibody-mediated factors such as biolipids or components related to storage and ageing of the transfused blood cells. At present, transfusion-related acute lung injury is the leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities and no specific therapy is clinically available. In this article, we critically appraise and discuss recent preclinical (bench) insights related to transfusion-related acute lung injury pathogenesis and their therapeutic potential for future use at the patients' bedside in order to combat this devastating and possibly fatal complication of transfusion. DATA SOURCES We searched the PubMed database (until August 22, 2017). STUDY SELECTION Using terms: "Transfusion-related acute lung injury," "TRALI," "TRALI and therapy," "TRALI pathogenesis." DATA EXTRACTION English-written articles focusing on transfusion-related acute lung injury pathogenesis, with potential therapeutic implications, were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS We have identified potential therapeutic approaches based on the literature. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the most promising therapeutic strategies to explore are interleukin-10 therapy, down-modulating C-reactive protein levels, targeting reactive oxygen species, or blocking the interleukin-8 receptors; all focused on the transfused recipient. In the long-run, it may perhaps also be advantageous to explore other strategies aimed at the transfused recipient or aimed toward the blood product, but these will require more validation and confirmation first.
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18
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Kuldanek SA, Kelher M, Silliman CC. Risk factors, management and prevention of transfusion-related acute lung injury: a comprehensive update. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:773-785. [PMID: 31282773 PMCID: PMC6715498 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1640599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite mitigation strategies that include the exclusion of females from plasma donation or the exclusion of females with a history of pregnancy or known anti-leukocyte antibody, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) remains a leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Areas covered: The definition of TRALI is discussed and re-aligned with the new Berlin Diagnostic Criteria for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk factors associated with TRALI are summarized as are the mitigation strategies to further reduce TRALI. The emerging basic research studies that may translate to clinical therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of TRALI are discussed. Expert opinion: At risk patients, including the genetic factors that may predispose patients to TRALI are summarized and discussed. The re-definition of TRALI employing the Berlin Criteria for ARDS will allow for increased recognition and improved research into pathophysiology and mitigation to reduce this fatal complication of hemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Kuldanek
- The Division of Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marguerite Kelher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher C. Silliman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, Vitalant Mountain Division, Denver, CO, USA
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19
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Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood 2019; 133:1840-1853. [PMID: 30808638 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-860809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) are syndromes of acute respiratory distress that occur within 6 hours of blood transfusion. TACO and TRALI are the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities, and specific therapies are unavailable. Diagnostically, it remains very challenging to distinguish TACO and TRALI from underlying causes of lung injury and/or fluid overload as well as from each other. TACO is characterized by pulmonary hydrostatic (cardiogenic) edema, whereas TRALI presents as pulmonary permeability edema (noncardiogenic). The pathophysiology of both syndromes is complex and incompletely understood. A 2-hit model is generally assumed to underlie TACO and TRALI disease pathology, where the first hit represents the clinical condition of the patient and the second hit is conveyed by the transfusion product. In TACO, cardiac or renal impairment and positive fluid balance appear first hits, whereas suboptimal fluid management or other components in the transfused product may enable the second hit. Remarkably, other factors beyond volume play a role in TACO. In TRALI, the first hit can, for example, be represented by inflammation, whereas the second hit is assumed to be caused by antileukocyte antibodies or biological response modifiers (eg, lipids). In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of TACO and TRALI regarding clinical definitions, diagnostic strategies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and potential therapies. More research is required to better understand TACO and TRALI pathophysiology, and more biomarker studies are warranted. Collectively, this may result in improved diagnostics and development of therapeutic approaches for these life-threatening transfusion reactions.
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20
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He R, Li L, Kong Y, Tian L, Tian X, Fang P, Bian M, Liu Z. Preventing murine transfusion-related acute lung injury by expansion of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs using IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes. Transfusion 2018; 59:534-544. [PMID: 30499590 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the most serious adverse events following transfusion, and there is no specific treatment in clinical practice. However, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to play a potential role in the treatment of TRALI. This study investigated whether interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL-2c), which are mediators of Treg expansion, can modulate the severity of antibody-mediated TRALI in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study utilized a mouse model of the "two-hit" mechanism: BALB/c mice were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the first hit, and then TRALI was induced by injecting major histocompatibility complex Class I antibodies. Mice injected with LPS only or LPS combined with isotype control antibodies served as controls. For the Treg-depleted groups, mice were infused with anti-mouse IL-2Rα first and then subjected to the same treatments as the TRALI group. Regarding IL-2- and IL-2c-treated mice, recombinant murine IL-2 or IL-2c was intraperitoneally administered to mice for 5 consecutive days before induction of the TRALI model. Samples were collected 2 hours after TRALI induction. RESULTS Prophylactic administration of IL-2 or IL-2c to mice prevented the onset of edema, pulmonary protein levels, and proinflammatory factors that inhibited polymorphonuclear neutrophil aggregation in the lungs. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs was expanded in vivo using IL-2 and IL-2c compared to TRALI mice, as was confirmed through analysis of the spleen, blood, and lung. CONCLUSION This study validates that the protective mechanisms against TRALI involve CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs, which can be expanded in vivo by IL-2 and IL-2c. This results in increased IL-10 levels and decreased IL-17A, thereby prophylactically preventing antibody-mediated murine TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Kong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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21
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Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway modulates endothelial hyper-permeability in a two-event in vitro model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 76:7-12. [PMID: 30846360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) remains the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Endothelium semipermeable barrier function plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Recently, Roundabout protein 4 (Robo4), interaction with its ligand Slit 2, was appreciated as a modulator of endothelial permeability and integrity. However, not much is known about the role of Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of TRALI. In this study, the TRALI model was performed by the "two-event" model of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)-mediated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) damage. We investigated the expression of Slit2/Robo4 and VE-cadherin and examined the pulmonary endothelial hyper-permeability in TRALI model. We found that the expression of Slit2/Robo4 and VE-cadherin were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner, whereas the PMVECs permeability was gradually increased over time in TRALI model. Moreover, the treatment with Slit2-N, an active fragment of Slit2, increased the expression of Slit2/Robo4 and VE-cadherin to protect PMVECs from PMN-mediated pulmonary endothelial hyper-permeability. These results indicate that targeting Slit2/Robo4 signaling pathway may modulate the permeability as well as protect the integrity of endothelial barrier. In addition, Slit2-N appears to be a promising candidate for developing novel therapies against TRALI.
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22
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Rebetz J, Semple JW, Kapur R. The Pathogenic Involvement of Neutrophils in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:290-298. [PMID: 30498407 PMCID: PMC6257140 DOI: 10.1159/000492950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious and common complication of multiple medical and surgical interventions, with sepsis, pneumonia, and aspiration of gastric contents being common risk factors. ARDS develops within 1 week of a known clinical insult or presents with new/worsening respiratory symptoms if the clinical insult is unknown. Approximately 40% of the ARDS cases have a fatal outcome. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), on the other hand, is characterized by the occurrence of respiratory distress and acute lung injury, which presents within 6 h after administration of a blood transfusion. In contrast to ARDS, acute lung injury in TRALI is not attributable to another risk factor for acute lung injury. 'Possible TRALI', however, may have a clear temporal relationship to an alternative risk factor for acute lung injury. Risk factors for TRALI include chronic alcohol abuse and systemic inflammation. TRALI is the leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities. There are no specific therapies available for ARDS or TRALI as both have a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes; PMNs) have been suggested to be key effector cells in the pathogenesis of both syndromes. In the present paper, we summarize the literature with regard to PMN involvement in the pathogenesis of both ARDS and TRALI based on both human data as well as on animal models. The evidence generally supports a strong role for PMNs in both ARDS and TRALI. More research is required to shed light on the pathogenesis of these respiratory syndromes and to more thoroughly establish the nature of the PMN involvement, especially considering the heterogeneous etiologies of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W. Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Flesch BK, Reil A. Molecular Genetics of the Human Neutrophil Antigens. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:300-309. [PMID: 30498408 PMCID: PMC6257083 DOI: 10.1159/000491031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antibodies to human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) have been implicated in transfusion-related acute lung injury and allo- and autoimmune neutropenia. To date, five HNA systems are assigned, and during the last decades enormous efforts have been undertaken to identify the underlying genes and to characterize the antigens. This review of the literature will provide the current genetic, molecular and functional information on HNAs. RECENT FINDINGS New information on alleles and antigens has been added to nearly each of the five HNA systems. HNA-1d has been added as the antithetical epitope to HNA-1c that is located on the glycoprotein encoded by FCGR3B*02 but not by FCGR3B. FCGR3B*04 and *05 now are included as new alleles. A CD177*787A>T substitution was demonstrated as the main reason for the HNA-2-negative phenotype on neutrophils. The target glycoprotein of HNA-3 antibodies could be identified as choline transporter-like protein 2 (CTL2) encoded by SLC44A2. The conformation sensitive epitope discriminates between arginine and glutamine at position 152 resulting in HNA-3a and HNA-3b. An additional Leu151Phe substitution can impair HNA-3a antibody binding. Recently an alloantibody against HNA-4b which discriminates from HNA-4a by an Arg61His exchange of the glycoprotein encoded by the ITGAM gene was reported in neonatal alloimmune neutropenia. An update of the current HNA nomenclature based on the new findings was provided in 2016 by the ISBT Granulocyte Immunobiology Working Party nomenclature subcommittee. CONCLUSIONS The molecular basis of each of the five HNA antigen systems has been decoded during the past decades. This enables reliable molecular typing strategies, antibody detection and specification as well as development of new assays based on recombinant antigens. However, research on HNA alleles, antigens, and antibodies is not finally terminated and also in the future will add new findings.
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24
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Kapur R, Kim M, Rondina MT, Porcelijn L, Semple JW. Elevation of C-reactive protein levels in patients with transfusion-related acute lung injury. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78048-78054. [PMID: 27793007 PMCID: PMC5363642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities and is characterized by the onset of acute respiratory distress within six hours following blood transfusion. In most cases, donor antibodies are suggested to be involved, however, the pathogenesis is poorly understood. A two-hit model is generally assumed to underlie TRALI pathogenesis where the first hit consists of a patient predisposing factor such as inflammation and the second hit is due to donor antibodies present in the transfused blood. We recently demonstrated that the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) could enhance murine anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-mediated TRALI. Whether CRP is increased in human TRALI patients which would support its role as a risk factor for human TRALI, is currently unknown. For that purpose, we measured CRP levels in the plasma of human TRALI patients and found CRP levels to be significantly elevated compared to transfused control patients. These data support the notion that CRP may be a novel first hit risk factor in human TRALI and that modulation of CRP levels could be an effective therapeutic strategy for this serious adverse event of transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kapur
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kim
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VAMC, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Thrombocyte and Leukocyte Serology, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W Semple
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. L. Fung
- School of Health & Sports Sciences; University of Sunshine Coast; Sunshine Coast QLD Australia
| | - J.P. Tung
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
- Critical Care Research Group; University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane QLD Australia
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interactions between neutrophils and platelets contribute to the progression of thromboinflammatory disease. However, the regulatory mechanism governing these interactions is poorly understood. The present review focuses on the crucial role of Ser/Thr protein kinase B (AKT)β-NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) signaling in regulating neutrophil and platelet activation and their heterotypic interactions under thromboinflammatory conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Growing evidence has shown that platelets, leukocytes, and blood coagulation need to be considered to treat thromboinflammatory disease in which inflammation and thrombosis occur concurrently. In addition to plasma proteins and intracellular signaling molecules, extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from activated leukocytes could be an important factor in the pathophysiology of thromboinflammatory disease. Recent studies reveal that AKT2-NOX2 signaling has critical roles in Ca mobilization, ROS generation, degranulation, and control of the ligand-binding function of cell surface molecules, thereby promoting heterotypic cell-cell interactions in thromboinflammation. These findings have provided novel insights into attractive therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of thromboinflammatory disease. SUMMARY Recent discoveries concerning molecular mechanisms regulating neutrophil-platelet interactions have bridged some gaps in our knowledge of the complicated signaling pathways exacerbating thromboinflammatory conditions.
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27
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Ido K, Aoyama Y, Nagasaki J, Koh S, Ichihara H, Harada H, Kawano K, Tani Y, Matsuyama N, Hirayama F, Kohsaki M, Takaku S, Mugitani A. Pulmonary Involvement of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mimicking Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury. Intern Med 2017; 56:2493-2496. [PMID: 28824064 PMCID: PMC5643180 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8505-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as a new episode of acute lung injury (ALI) occurring during transfusion or within 6 hours of transfusion completion. A 66-year-old man suffering from acute myeloid leukemia developed acute respiratory distress syndrome after platelet transfusion. TRALI was diagnosed clinically, but an autopsy showed leukemic cells in diffuse pulmonary edema. Anti-human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-3a antibodies were detected in the donor serum, and the HNA-3 genotype of the patient was identified as a/a. This case was considered to represent pulmonary involvement of acute myeloid leukemia, rather than TRALI. A revision of the definition of TRALI accounting for hematological malignancies should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ido
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Joji Nagasaki
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shiro Koh
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Japan
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28
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Silliman CC, Kelher MR, Khan SY, West FB, McLaughlin NJD, Elzi DJ, England K, Bjornsen J, Kuldanek SA, Banerjee A. Supernatants and lipids from stored red blood cells activate pulmonary microvascular endothelium through the BLT2 receptor and protein kinase C activation. Transfusion 2017; 57:2690-2700. [PMID: 28880373 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although transfusion is a lifesaving intervention, it may be associated with significant morbidity in injured patients. We hypothesize that stored red blood cells (RBCs) induce proinflammatory activation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) resulting in neutrophil (PMN) adhesion and predisposition to acute lung injury (ALI). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Ten units of RBCs were collected; 50% (by weight) were leukoreduced (LR-RBCs) and the remainder was unmodified and stored in additive solution-5 (AS-5). An additional 10 units of RBCs were collected, leukoreduced, and stored in AS-3. HMVECs were incubated with [10%-40%]FINAL of the supernatants on Day (D)1 to D42 of storage, lipid extracts, and purified lipids. Endothelial surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-8 release, and PMN adhesion to HMVECs were measured. HMVEC signaling via the BLT2 receptor was evaluated. Supernatants and lipids were also employed as the first event in a two-event model of ALI. RESULTS The supernatants [10%-40%]FINAL from D21 LR-RBCs and D42 RBCs and LR-RBCs and the lipids from D42 stored in AS-5 induced increased ICAM-1 surface expression on endothelium, IL-8 release, and PMN adhesion. In addition, the supernatants [20%-40%]FINAL from D21 and D42 RBCs in AS-5 also increased endothelial surface expression of ICAM-1. D42 supernatants and lipids also caused coprecipitation of β-arrestin-1 with BLT2, protein kinase C (PKC)βI , and PKCδ and served as the first event in a two-event rodent model of ALI. CONCLUSION Lipids that accumulate during RBC storage activate endothelium and predispose to ALI, which may explain some of the adverse events associated with the transfusion of critically injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Silliman
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marguerite R Kelher
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Samina Y Khan
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Nathan J D McLaughlin
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Elzi
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelly England
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jason Bjornsen
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Susan A Kuldanek
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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29
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Morsing KSH, Peters AL, van Buul JD, Vlaar APJ. The role of endothelium in the onset of antibody-mediated TRALI. Blood Rev 2017; 32:1-7. [PMID: 28823763 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity following blood transfusion. The mechanisms behind the disease are not yet fully understood but seem to involve many different activating pathways and donor factors, in synergy with patient susceptibility. Studies have focused mostly on neutrophil activation, as aggregates of neutrophils and edema in lungs are found in post-mortem histological sections. This review aims to highlight the role of the endothelium in TRALI, as activated endothelium is the main promoter of leukocyte transmigration, and creates the barrier between blood and tissue. Since recent evidence suggests that a strong endothelial barrier prevents leukocyte transmigration and vascular leakage, we suggest that strengthening this barrier may be key to TRALI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S H Morsing
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D van Buul
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Lalezari P. Neutrophil-specific antigens, immunobiology, and implications in transfusion medicine and blood disorders. Transfusion 2017; 57:2066-2073. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Lalezari
- Neurological Surgery Research Laboratory; Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology/Department of Intensive Care; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. P. J. Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology/Department of Intensive Care; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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32
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Xia W, Simtong P, Santoso S. Neutrophil alloantigens and alloantibodies in different populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyapong Simtong
- Biomedical Sciences Program; Graduate School; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
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33
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SLC44A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, isoforms, and expression: Association with severity of Meniere's disease? Genomics 2016; 108:201-208. [PMID: 27829169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SLC44A2 was discovered as the target of an antibody that causes hearing loss. Knockout mice develop age related hearing loss, loss of sensory cells and spiral ganglion neurons. SLC44A2 has polymorphic sites implicated in human disease. Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is linked to rs2288904 and genome wide association studies link rs2288904 and rs9797861 to venous thromboembolism (VTE), coronary artery disease and stroke. Here we report linkage disequilibrium of rs2288904 with rs3087969 and the association of these SLC44A2 SNPs with Meniere's disease severity. Tissue-specific isoform expression differences suggest that the N-terminal domain is linked to different functions in different cell types. Heterozygosity at rs2288904 CGA/CAA and rs3087969 GAT/GAC showed a trend for association with intractable Meniere's disease compared to less severe disease and to controls. The association of SLC44A2 SNPs with VTE suggests that thrombi affecting cochlear vessels could be a factor in Meniere's disease.
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34
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Peters AL, Vlaar AP. Redefining transfusion‐related acute lung injury: don't throw the baby out with the bathwater. Transfusion 2016; 56:2384-8. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Department of Intensive CareAcademic Medical CentreAmsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Department of Intensive CareAcademic Medical CentreAmsterdam The Netherlands
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35
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Tariket S, Sut C, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Laradi S, Pozzetto B, Garraud O, Cognasse F. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: transfusion, platelets and biological response modifiers. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:497-508. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2016.1152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandrine Laradi
- Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Rhônes-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Olivier Garraud
- Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France
- INTS - Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Rhônes-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Looney
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
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37
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West FB, Kelher MR, Silliman CC. Red Blood Cell Transfusion. TRAUMA INDUCED COAGULOPATHY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7178873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28308-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood is classified as a drug and transfusion is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the USA. General knowledge of blood manufacturing, shelf life and storage media, common component modifications, blood types, and product compatibility allows the clinician to better communicate their needs and to understand what options may be available when ordering blood products. All transfusions offer benefits, and the clinician must comprehend the possible adverse events, especially those related to TRALI, which continues to be the most common cause of transfusion-related death reported to FDA, with TACO as the second most-commonly reported event. Transfusing in the setting of hemorrhagic blood loss adds additional challenges regarding volume overload, coagulopathy, and optimum transfusion ratios of red cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. The information imparted in this chapter will help equip the clinician with the knowledge needed to make the best decisions for patients requiring blood products, especially injured patients.
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38
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Berthold T, Glaubitz M, Muschter S, Groß S, Palankar R, Reil A, Helm CA, Bakchoul T, Schwertz H, Bux J, Greinacher A, Delcea M. Human neutrophil antigen-3a antibodies induce neutrophil stiffening and conformational activation of CD11b without shedding of L-selectin. Transfusion 2015; 55:2939-48. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Berthold
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Michael Glaubitz
- Nanostructure Group, ZIK HIKE-Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Stefan Muschter
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Stefan Groß
- Department of Cardiology; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZHK-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; Greifswald Germany
| | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Nanostructure Group, ZIK HIKE-Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | | | | | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- Lichtenberg-Professor for Experimental Hemostasis; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
- Program in Molecular Medicine; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
- Department of Surgery; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Universitätsmedizin Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Nanostructure Group, ZIK HIKE-Center for Innovation Competence, Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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39
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Berthold T, Schubert N, Muschter S, Rohr M, Wesche J, Reil A, Bux J, Bakchoul T, Greinacher A. HNA antibody-mediated neutrophil aggregation is dependent on serine protease activity. Vox Sang 2015; 109:366-74. [PMID: 26084778 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is often caused by antibodies against human neutrophil alloantigen-2 (HNA-2) and HNA-3a. Neutrophil aggregation is considered as a major cause of TRALI, but little is known about how HNA antibodies initiate this process. We explored mechanisms involved in neutrophil aggregation induced by HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated neutrophils were pretreated with broad-spectrum or specific inhibitors against different cell functions or proteases. Granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) was performed with serially diluted anti-HNA-2 and anti-HNA-3a plasmas or control plasma, and reactivity was evaluated microscopically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils was investigated using a lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. RESULTS HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibody-mediated neutrophil aggregation was inhibited by pretreatment with formaldehyde, iodoacetamide and the serine protease inhibitors Pefabloc-SC, N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Nα-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK). In contrast, inhibition of actin polymerization, respiratory burst, cysteine proteases, metalloproteases or aspartic proteases did not affect neutrophil aggregation. Furthermore, HNA-3a antibodies did not directly cause ROS production in neutrophils. CONCLUSION Aggregation of neutrophils induced by HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibodies is an active process and depends on trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like serine proteases but is not dependent on the production of ROS. These findings may open new prospects for the pharmacologic prevention of neutrophil-associated acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berthold
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Schubert
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Muschter
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Rohr
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Wesche
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Reil
- Deutsches Rotes Kreuz - Blutspendedienst West, Hagen, Germany
| | - J Bux
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Bakchoul
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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40
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Bayat B, Tjahjono Y, Berghöfer H, Werth S, Deckmyn H, De Meyer SF, Sachs UJ, Santoso S. Choline Transporter-Like Protein-2: New von Willebrand Factor-Binding Partner Involved in Antibody-Mediated Neutrophil Activation and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1616-22. [PMID: 25931511 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to other antibodies involved in transfusion-related acute lung injury, anti-HNA-3a antibodies are incapable of inducing direct neutrophil activation and seem to interact with endothelial cells (ECs) primarily. In animal studies, anti-HNA-3a-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury could be precipitated in the absence of neutrophils, but was stronger when neutrophils were present. In a different context the target protein of these antibodies, choline transporter-like protein-2 (CTL-2), was reported to interact with a protein of the inner ear carrying 2 von Willebrand factor (VWF) A-domains. These observations prompted us to investigate whether VWF might be involved in anti-HNA-3a-mediated neutrophil activation, and whether signaling via CD11b/CD18 is involved, as in various other experimental settings. APPROACH AND RESULTS Cell adhesion demonstrated specific binding of CTL-2 to VWF. Immunoprecipitation analysis of CTL-2/CD11b/CD18 coexpressing cells indicated that anti-HNA-3a colocalizes CTL-2 and CD11b/CD18 when VWF is present. Functional studies revealed that anti-HNA-3a-mediated neutrophil agglutination is an active, protein kinase C-dependent and partially Fc-dependent process. Agglutination and the production of reactive oxygen species seem to require the formation of a trimolecular complex between the target antigen (CTL-2), CD11b/CD18 and VWF. In line with these observations, anti-HNA-3a induced less severe transfusion-related acute lung injury and less neutrophil recruitment to the alveolar space in VWF knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS We introduce CTL-2 as a new binding partner for VWF. Interaction of neutrophils with VWF via CTL-2 allows anti-HNA-3a to induce signal transduction via CD11b/CD18, which leads to neutrophil activation and agglutination. In transfusion-related acute lung injury, this mechanism may further aggravate endothelial leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bayat
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Heike Berghöfer
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Silke Werth
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Ulrich J Sachs
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.)
| | - Sentot Santoso
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (B.B., Y.T., H.B., S.W., U.J.S., S.S.); and Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium (H.D., S.F.D.M.).
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Peters AL, Van Stein D, Vlaar APJ. Antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury; from discovery to prevention. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:597-614. [PMID: 25921271 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), a syndrome of respiratory distress caused by blood transfusion, is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. The majority of TRALI cases have been related to passive infusion of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibodies in donor blood. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo animal models have provided insight in TRALI pathogenesis. The various classes of antibodies implicated in TRALI appear to have different pathophysiological mechanisms for the induction of TRALI involving endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and, as very recently has been discovered, lymphocytes. The HLA and HNA-antibodies are found mainly in blood from multiparous women as they have become sensitized during pregnancy. The incidence of TRALI has decreased rapidly following the introduction of a male-only strategy for plasma donation. This review focuses on pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesia/Intensive Care, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Van Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesia/Intensive Care, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Germain M, Chasman DI, de Haan H, Tang W, Lindström S, Weng LC, de Andrade M, de Visser MCH, Wiggins KL, Suchon P, Saut N, Smadja DM, Le Gal G, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Di Narzo A, Hao K, Nelson CP, Rocanin-Arjo A, Folkersen L, Monajemi R, Rose LM, Brody JA, Slagboom E, Aïssi D, Gagnon F, Deleuze JF, Deloukas P, Tzourio C, Dartigues JF, Berr C, Taylor KD, Civelek M, Eriksson P, Psaty BM, Houwing-Duitermaat J, Goodall AH, Cambien F, Kraft P, Amouyel P, Samani NJ, Basu S, Ridker PM, Rosendaal FR, Kabrhel C, Folsom AR, Heit J, Reitsma PH, Trégouët DA, Smith NL, Morange PE. Meta-analysis of 65,734 individuals identifies TSPAN15 and SLC44A2 as two susceptibility loci for venous thromboembolism. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:532-42. [PMID: 25772935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, is a complex thrombotic disorder with environmental and genetic determinants. Although several genetic variants have been found associated with VTE, they explain a minor proportion of VTE risk in cases. We undertook a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify additional VTE susceptibility genes. Twelve GWASs totaling 7,507 VTE case subjects and 52,632 control subjects formed our discovery stage where 6,751,884 SNPs were tested for association with VTE. Nine loci reached the genome-wide significance level of 5 × 10(-8) including six already known to associate with VTE (ABO, F2, F5, F11, FGG, and PROCR) and three unsuspected loci. SNPs mapping to these latter were selected for replication in three independent case-control studies totaling 3,009 VTE-affected individuals and 2,586 control subjects. This strategy led to the identification and replication of two VTE-associated loci, TSPAN15 and SLC44A2, with lead risk alleles associated with odds ratio for disease of 1.31 (p = 1.67 × 10(-16)) and 1.21 (p = 2.75 × 10(-15)), respectively. The lead SNP at the TSPAN15 locus is the intronic rs78707713 and the lead SLC44A2 SNP is the non-synonymous rs2288904 previously shown to associate with transfusion-related acute lung injury. We further showed that these two variants did not associate with known hemostatic plasma markers. TSPAN15 and SLC44A2 do not belong to conventional pathways for thrombosis and have not been associated to other cardiovascular diseases nor related quantitative biomarkers. Our findings uncovered unexpected actors of VTE etiology and pave the way for novel mechanistic concepts of VTE pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Germain
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 75013 Paris, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hugoline de Haan
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marieke C H de Visser
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pierre Suchon
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, 13385 Marseille, France; Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, UMR_S 1062, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Saut
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, 13385 Marseille, France; Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, UMR_S 1062, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - David M Smadja
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, UMR_S 1140, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Le Gal
- Université de Brest, EA3878 and CIC1412, 29238 Brest, France; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ares Rocanin-Arjo
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 75013 Paris, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Department of PharmacoGenetics, Novo Nordisk Park 9.1.21, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramin Monajemi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5852, USA
| | - Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 75013 Paris, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - France Gagnon
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Direction des Sciences du Vivant/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Inserm Research Center U897, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm Research Unit U1061, University of Montpellier I, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrence, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5852, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jeanine Houwing-Duitermaat
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - François Cambien
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 75013 Paris, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille Nord de France, INSERM UMR_S 744, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Saonli Basu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Kabrhel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Channing Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2114, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - John Heit
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Pieter H Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 75013 Paris, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, 13385 Marseille, France; Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, UMR_S 1062, 13385 Marseille, France.
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Li DY, Zhang HW, Feng QZ, Zhao H. Impacts of leukocyte filtration and irradiation on coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:598-602. [PMID: 25574241 PMCID: PMC4280960 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and analyze the changes in the coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) prior to and following leukocyte filtration and irradiation. In total, 30 bags of FFP from healthy donors were processed: One-third of the FFP of each bag was left within the original bag (the A group), the other two-thirds of the FFP of each bag were passed through a disposable leukocyte filter, then divided equally into two parts. One of these was designated as the B group, and the other was designated the C group (subjected to 30 Gy irradiation). All samples were analyzed to evaluate 16 coagulation indicators. Analysis of variance revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the levels of fibrinogen (FbgC) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII:C) among the groups (P=0.044 and P=0.015, respectively); the Dunnett’s t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of FbgC between the A and B groups (P=0.025), and there was a statistically significant difference in the level of FVIII:C between the A and C groups (P=0.009); while the remaining 14 coagulation parameters were not significantly different among the groups. Although the levels of FbgC and FVIII:C in the FFP were reduced following treatment, this would not affect the clinical effect of the FFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Yu Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Zhen Feng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Berthold T, Muschter S, Schubert N, Wesche J, Ameling S, Teumer A, Reil A, Bux J, Bakchoul T, Greinacher A. Impact of priming on the response of neutrophils to human neutrophil alloantigen-3a antibodies. Transfusion 2014; 55:1512-21. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Berthold
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Stefan Muschter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Nicole Schubert
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
| | - Jan Wesche
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Angelika Reil
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West; Hagen Germany
| | - Jürgen Bux
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West; Hagen Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Greifswald Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
Human neutrophil antigen-3a (HNA-3a) antibodies contained in donor plasma can result in severe, sometimes fatal transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Recent developments in TRALI secondary to antibodies to HNA-3a antigen span diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention resulting in improved understanding, potential treatments, and mitigation strategies. First, on the molecular level, characterization of HNA-3 antigen has allowed for genotyping methods that clarify population prevalence. Related work has led to generation of multiple antibody detection assays. These assays aid in determining potential populations at risk and potential mitigation strategies. Second, the development of TRALI requires a hit from the patient and from the product. Anti-HNA-3a is one of the product-derived factors and appears to result in TRALI by binding directly to pulmonary endothelium as well as to neutrophils expressing the corresponding antigen. Finally, potential mitigation strategies include red blood cell product filtration to remove anti-HNA-3a as well as other antibodies.
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Okazaki H, Ishikawa O, Iijima T, Kohira T, Teranishi M, Kawasaki S, Saito A, Mikami Y, Sugiura A, Hashimoto S, Shimada E, Uchikawa M, Matsuhashi M, Tsuno NH, Tanaka M, Kiyokawa N, Fujimoto J, Nagase T, Tadokoro K, Takahashi K. Novel swine model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion 2014; 54:3097-107. [PMID: 24965098 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening complication of blood transfusion. Antibodies against human leukocyte antigens in donors' plasma are the major causes of TRALI. Several animal models of TRALI have been developed, and the mechanism underlying TRALI development has been extensively investigated using rodent models. Although sheep models of nonimmune TRALI have been developed, large-animal models of antibody-mediated TRALI are not yet available. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To develop a swine model of TRALI, male Clawn strain miniature pigs were used. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against swine leukocyte antigens (SLAs) Class I (4G8, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and a control antibody (1.0 mg/kg BW) were injected into the peripheral vein after priming with or without 1 μg/kg BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 3 each). Lung injury was assessed using PaO2 /FiO2 (P/F) ratio and by chest X-ray imaging. Histopathologic analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Lung injury could be induced by injecting 4G8 at an amount of 1.0 mg/kg BW, after LPS. The P/F ratio 90 minutes after the administration of 4G8 significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Bilateral infiltration was shown in chest X-ray imaging. Lung injury was confirmed by histopathologic analysis. CONCLUSION Lung injury in pigs was successfully induced by anti-SLA MoAb. Priming with LPS is a prerequisite for inducing lung injury and the amount of the antibody is a critical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Okazaki
- Research and Development Department, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Bougie DW, Peterson JA, Kanack AJ, Curtis BR, Aster RH. Transfusion-related acute lung injury-associated HNA-3a antibodies recognize complex determinants on choline transporter-like protein 2. Transfusion 2014; 54:3208-15. [PMID: 24846273 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNA-3a-specific antibodies can cause severe, sometimes fatal, transfusion-related acute lung injury when present in transfused blood. The HNA3-a/b antigens are determined by an R154Q polymorphism in the first of five extracellular (EC) loops of the 10-membrane-spanning choline transporter-like protein 2 (CTL2) expressed on neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other tissues. Approximately 50% of HNA-3a antibodies (Type 1) can be detected using CTL2 Loop 1 peptides containing R154; the remaining 50% (Type 2) fail to recognize this target. Understanding the basis for this difference could guide efforts to develop practical assays to screen blood donors for HNA-3 antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Reactions of HNA-3a antibodies against recombinant versions of human, mouse, and human/mouse (chimeric) CTL2 were characterized using flow cytometry and various solid-phase assays. RESULTS The findings show that, for binding to CTL2, Type 2 HNA-3a antibodies require nonpolymorphic amino acid residues in the third, and possibly the second, EC loops of CTL2 to be in a configuration comparable to that found naturally in the cell membrane. In contrast, Type 1 antibodies require only peptides from the first EC loop that contain R154 for recognition. CONCLUSION Although Type 1 HNA-3a antibodies can readily be detected in solid-phase assays that use a CTL2 peptide containing R154 as a target, development of a practical test to screen blood donors for Type 2 antibodies will pose a serious technical challenge because of the complex nature of the epitope(s) recognized by this antibody subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Bougie
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Peripheral blood monocyte-derived chemokine blockade prevents murine transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Blood 2014; 123:3496-503. [PMID: 24637362 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-536755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality and can occur with any type of transfusion. TRALI is thought to be primarily mediated by donor antibodies activating recipient neutrophils resulting in pulmonary endothelial damage. Nonetheless, details regarding the interactions between donor antibodies and recipient factors are unknown. A murine antibody-mediated TRALI model was used to elucidate the roles of the F(ab')2 and Fc regions of a TRALI-inducing immunoglobulin G anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antibody (34.1.2s). Compared with intact antibody, F(ab')2 fragments significantly increased serum levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2); however, pulmonary neutrophil levels were only moderately increased, and no pulmonary edema or mortality occurred. Fc fragments did not modulate any of these parameters. TRALI induction by intact antibody was completely abrogated by in vivo peripheral blood monocyte depletion by gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) or chemokine blockade with a MIP-2 receptor antagonist but was restored upon repletion with purified monocytes. The results suggest a two-step process for antibody-mediated TRALI induction: the first step involves antibody binding its cognate antigen on blood monocytes, which generates MIP-2 chemokine production that is correlated with pulmonary neutrophil recruitment; the second step occurs when antibody-coated monocytes increase Fc-dependent lung damage.
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