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Chandramouli A, Kamat SS. A Facile LC-MS Method for Profiling Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Esters in Mammalian Cells and Tissues. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38986142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is central to mammalian lipid metabolism and serves many critical functions in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism is causally linked to numerous human diseases, and therefore, in vivo, the concentrations and flux of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters (fatty acid esters of cholesterol) are tightly regulated. While mass spectrometry has been an analytical method of choice for detecting cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in biological samples, the hydrophobicity, chemically inert nature, and poor ionization of these neutral lipids have often proved a challenge in developing lipidomics compatible liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to study them. To overcome this problem, here, we report a reverse-phase LC-MS method that is compatible with existing high-throughput lipidomics strategies and capable of identifying and quantifying cholesterol and cholesteryl esters from mammalian cells and tissues. Using this sensitive yet robust LC-MS method, we profiled different mammalian cell lines and tissues and provide a comprehensive picture of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters content in them. Specifically, among cholesteryl esters, we find that mammalian cells and tissues largely possess monounsaturated and polyunsaturated variants. Taken together, our lipidomics compatible LC-MS method to study this lipid class opens new avenues in understanding systemic and tissue-level cholesterol metabolism under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Chandramouli
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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2
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Gut Microbiome and Its Cofactors Are Linked to Lipoprotein Distribution Profiles. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112156. [PMID: 36363749 PMCID: PMC9699503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GM) plays an important role in dyslipidemia. To date, however, no in-depth characterization of the associations between GM with lipoproteins distributions (LPD) among adult individuals with diverse BMI has been conducted. To determine such associations, we studied blood-plasma LPD, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and GM of 262 Danes aged 19–89 years. Stratification of LPD segregated subjects into three clusters displaying recommended levels of lipoproteins and explained by age and body-mass-index. Higher levels of HDL2a and HDL2b were associated with a higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. Increasing levels of total cholesterol and LDL-1 and LDL-2 were positively associated with Lachnospiraceae and Coriobacteriaceae, and negatively with Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. Metagenome-sequencing showed a higher abundance of biosynthesis of multiple B-vitamins and SCFA metabolism genes among healthier LPD profiles. Metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to Eggerthellaceae and Clostridiales were contributors of these genes and their relative abundance correlated positively with larger HDL subfractions. The study demonstrates that differences in composition and metabolic traits of the GM are associated with variations in LPD among the recruited subjects. These findings provide evidence for GM considerations in future research aiming to shed light on mechanisms of the GM–dyslipidemia axis.
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3
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Luo G, Xiang L, Xiao L. Acetyl-CoA Deficiency Is Involved in the Regulation of Iron Overload on Lipid Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154966. [PMID: 35956917 PMCID: PMC9370536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary iron supplementation in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of excess dietary iron on NAFLD development and the underlying mechanism. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD containing 2% carbonyl iron (HFD + Fe) for 16 weeks. The serum and liver samples were acquired for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in different groups. Excess dietary iron alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD, as evidenced by significant decreases in serum/the hepatic accumulation of lipids and the NAFLD scores in HFD + Fe-fed mice compared with those in HFD-fed mice. The hepatic acetyl-CoA level was markedly decreased in the HFD + Fe group compared with that in the HFD group. Important enzymes involved in the source and destination of acetyl-CoA were differentially expressed between the HFD and HFD + Fe groups, including the enzymes associated with cholesterol metabolism, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, iron overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress occurred in mouse liver, as evidenced by decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant expression. Therefore, iron overload regulates lipid metabolism by leading to an acetyl-CoA shortage that reduces cholesterol biosynthesis and might play a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. Iron overload-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may impair acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate and β-oxidation. Our study provides acetyl-CoA as a novel perspective for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8448-7130
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4
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Cholesterol-lowering activity of 10-gingerol in HepG2 cells is associated with enhancing LDL cholesterol uptake, cholesterol efflux and bile acid excretion. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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5
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Robinson GA, Peng J, Peckham H, Radziszewska A, Butler G, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Sex hormones drive changes in lipoprotein metabolism. iScience 2021; 24:103257. [PMID: 34761181 PMCID: PMC8567005 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with men, which could be partially driven by sex hormones influencing lipid levels post puberty. The interrelationship between sex hormones and lipids was explored in pre-pubertal children, young post-pubertal cis-men/women, and transgender individuals on cross-sex-hormone treatment (trans-men/women) using serum metabolomics assessing 149 lipids. High-density lipoproteins (HDL, typically atheroprotective) were significantly increased and very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (typically atherogenic) were significantly decreased in post-pubertal cis-women compared with cis-men. These differences were not observed pre-puberty and were induced appropriately by cross-sex-hormone treatment in transgender individuals, supporting that sex hormones regulate lipid metabolism in vivo. Only atheroprotective apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 expressing lipoproteins (HDL) were differentially expressed between all hormonally unique comparisons. Thus, estradiol drives a typically atheroprotective lipid profile through upregulation of HDL/ApoA1, which could contribute to the sexual dimorphism observed in CVD risk post puberty. Together, this could inform sex-specific therapeutic strategies for CVD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Junjie Peng
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Gary Butler
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, UCLH and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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6
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Chowdhary R, Masarkar N, Khadanga S. Polymorphism in Genes Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABP2) in Nondiabetic Dyslipidemics: A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Pilot Study. J Lab Physicians 2021; 14:119-124. [PMID: 35982873 PMCID: PMC9381319 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context
Dyslipidemia is a multifactorial disease in which lipoproteins play an important role as one of the early markers for coronary heart disease (CHD). Mixed dyslipidemia is common in people with diabetes mellitus, but nondiabetic dyslipidemics (NDD) remain unidentified for the risk of developing dyslipidemia and eventually CHD.
Objectives
This pilot study attempts to analyze the genetic basis of lipid metabolism alterations, emphasizing the association between fatty acid-binding protein-2 (FABP2-Ala54Thr) and apolipoprotein-C3 (APOC3-rs5128) genetic polymorphism, as a risk for developing dyslipidemia and CHD in NDD.
Methods and Design
Total 90 subjects—30 DD, 30 NDD, and 30 apparently healthy subjects representing Central India—were included. Biochemical analysis and DNA genotyping were done by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Statistical Analysis
The biochemical parameters were reported as means ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare biochemical parameters of three groups. Chi-squared test was done to compare genotype distributions. The strength of association was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical analysis was done using SPSS-PC software and Graph Pad.
Results
In NDD, maximum polymorphism was observed followed by DD and least polymorphism was observed in controls. There was a significant association of
APOC3
G allele with occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (
p
< 0.05); however, no such association was found for FABP2 A allele (
p
> 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed APOC3 polymorphism to be significantly associated with dyslipidemia (OR = 2.6667, 95% CI = 1.0510–6.7663,
p
= 0.0341); no such association was found for FABP2 polymorphism (OR = 0.4643, 95% CI = 0.1641–1.3136,
p
= 0.1347). The triglyceride and cholesterol values in individuals with homozygous genotype indicate that genetic study is comparable to the biochemical findings in carriers of polymorphic allele than noncarriers, especially in NDD patients.
Conclusions
Pilot study indicates that the presence of
APOC3
gene polymorphism is associated with pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia in nondiabetic patients and may raise risk of CHD. This information could be used for preventive strategies in NDD group that may otherwise go unnoticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chowdhary
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Masarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Fragki S, Dirven H, Fletcher T, Grasl-Kraupp B, Bjerve Gützkow K, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Lindeman B, Louisse J, Peijnenburg A, Piersma AH, Princen HMG, Uhl M, Westerhout J, Zeilmaker MJ, Luijten M. Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not? Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:141-164. [PMID: 33853480 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1888073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and increased blood lipids have been repeatedly observed in humans, but a causal relation has been debated. Rodent studies show reverse effects, i.e. decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, occurring however at PFAS serum levels at least 100-fold higher than those in humans. This paper aims to present the main issues regarding the modulation of lipid homeostasis by the two most common PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms relevant for humans. Overall, the apparent contrast between human and animal data may be an artifact of dose, with different molecular pathways coming into play upon exposure to PFASs at very low versus high levels. Altogether, the interpretation of existing rodent data on PFOS/PFOA-induced lipid perturbations with respect to the human situation is complex. From a mechanistic perspective, research on human liver cells shows that PFOS/PFOA activate the PPARα pathway, whereas studies on the involvement of other nuclear receptors, like PXR, are less conclusive. Other data indicate that suppression of the nuclear receptor HNF4α signaling pathway, as well as perturbations of bile acid metabolism and transport might be important cellular events that require further investigation. Future studies with human-relevant test systems would help to obtain more insight into the mechanistic pathways pertinent for humans. These studies shall be designed with a careful consideration of appropriate dosing and toxicokinetics, so as to enable biologically plausible quantitative extrapolations. Such research will increase the understanding of possible perturbed lipid homeostasis related to PFOS/ PFOA exposure and the potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joost Westerhout
- Risk Analysis for Products In Development, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Ikonomopoulou MP, Lopez-Mancheño Y, Novelle MG, Martinez-Uña M, Gangoda L, Pal M, Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Ramm GA, Fernandez-Rojo MA. LXR stimulates a metabolic switch and reveals cholesterol homeostasis as a statin target in Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108851. [PMID: 33730574 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) and its lack of available therapies are propelling the Tasmanian devil population toward extinction. This study demonstrates that cholesterol homeostasis and carbohydrate energy metabolism sustain the proliferation of DFTD cells in a cell-type-dependent manner. In addition, we show that the liver-X nuclear receptor-β (LXRβ), a major cholesterol cellular sensor, and its natural ligand 24S-hydroxycholesterol promote the proliferation of DFTD cells via a metabolic switch toward aerobic glycolysis. As a proof of concept of the role of cholesterol homeostasis on DFTD proliferation, we show that atorvastatin, an FDA-approved statin-drug subtype used against human cardiovascular diseases that inhibits cholesterol synthesis, shuts down DFTD energy metabolism and prevents tumor growth in an in vivo DFTD-xenograft model. In conclusion, we show that intervention against cholesterol homeostasis and carbohydrate-dependent energy metabolism by atorvastatin constitutes a feasible biochemical treatment against DFTD, which may assist in the conservation of the Tasmanian devil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Ikonomopoulou
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Translational Venomics Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Lopez-Mancheño
- Hepatic Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Hepatic Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maite Martinez-Uña
- Hepatic Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Pal
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manuel Alejandro Fernandez-Rojo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Hepatic Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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9
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Sales RC, Medeiros PC, Spreafico F, de Velasco PC, Gonçalves FKA, Martín-Hernández R, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Gil-Zamorano J, Peres WAF, de Souza SAL, Dávalos A, Tavares do Carmo MG. Olive Oil, Palm Oil, and Hybrid Palm Oil Distinctly Modulate Liver Transcriptome and Induce NAFLD in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010008. [PMID: 30577497 PMCID: PMC6337378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, hybrid palm (HP) oil, or olive (O) oil in liver. Twenty-four male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP, or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a control (C) group fed a chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh–Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (hematoxylin–eosin) and transcriptome (microarray-based) were performed. ANOVA tests with Newman–Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in the P group (p < 0.001) and body fat in the O group (C vs. O p ≤ 0.01, P vs. O p ≤ 0.05, HP vs. O p ≤ 0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed the blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase (p ≤ 0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76 ± 1.58), followed by P (33.94 ± 1.13). O had a fat amount comparable to C (16.46 ± 0.34, 14.71 ± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of the O group were related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, the P group to calcium ion homeostasis, and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concerns about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Sales
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Priscylla C Medeiros
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Spreafico
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrícia C de Velasco
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda K A Gonçalves
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wilza A F Peres
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Sergio A L de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria G Tavares do Carmo
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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10
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Zhang H, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Martel C. Translational and Therapeutic Approaches to the Understanding and Treatment of Dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 36:e56-61. [PMID: 27335468 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (H.Z.); Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (T.Q. de A. V.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.).
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (H.Z.); Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (T.Q. de A. V.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.).
| | - Catherine Martel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (H.Z.); Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (T.Q. de A. V.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.).
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11
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Ce O, Rs P, Ab W, S D, Cj W, Qm M, D L. Potential Link Between Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 32352077 DOI: 10.31531/2581-4745.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease [AD] is not only the most common neurodegenerative disease but is also currently incurable. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 [PCSK9] is an indirect regulator of plasma low density lipoprotein [LDL] levels controlling LDL receptor expression at the plasma membrane. PCSK9 also appears to regulate the development of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, inflammation, and hypertension, conditions that have been identified as risk factors for AD. PCSK9 levels also depend on age, sex, and ethnic background, factors associated with AD. Herein, we will review indirect evidence that suggests a link between PCSK9 levels and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldham Ce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Powell Rs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Williams Ab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Dixon S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Wooten Cj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Melendez Qm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Lopez D
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
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Milasan A, Dallaire F, Mayer G, Martel C. Effects of LDL Receptor Modulation on Lymphatic Function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27862. [PMID: 27279328 PMCID: PMC4899717 DOI: 10.1038/srep27862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is driven by the accumulation of immune cells and cholesterol in the arterial wall. Although recent studies have shown that lymphatic vessels play an important role in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport, the specific underlying mechanisms of this physiological feature remain unknown. In the current report, we sought to better characterize the lymphatic dysfunction that is associated with atherosclerosis by studying the physiological and temporal origins of this impairment. First, we assessed that athero-protected Pcsk9−/− mice exhibited improved collecting lymphatic vessel function throughout age when compared to WT mice for up to six months, while displaying enhanced expression of LDLR on lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphatic dysfunction was present before the atherosclerotic lesion formation in a mouse model that is predisposed to develop atherosclerosis (Ldlr−/−; hApoB100+/+). This dysfunction was presumably associated with a defect in the collecting lymphatic vessels in a non-specific cholesterol- but LDLR-dependent manner. Treatment with a selective VEGFR-3 agonist rescued this impairment observed early in the onset of this arterial disease. We suggest that LDLR modulation is associated with early atherosclerosis-related lymphatic dysfunction, and bring forth a pleiotropic role for PCSK9 in lymphatic function. Our study unveils new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gaétan Mayer
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Leiva A, Fuenzalida B, Salsoso R, Barros E, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Tetrahydrobiopterin Role in human umbilical vein endothelial dysfunction in maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:536-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
The lymphatic system is a key component of tissue fluid homeostasis. In contrast to the closed and high-pressure blood vascular system, the lymphatic vascular system transports lymph in an open and low-pressure network. A prerequisite player in the transport of immune cells and cholesterol metabolism, it has been understudied until recently. Whereas defects in lymph circulation are mostly associated with pathologies such as congenital or acquired lymphedema, emerging significant developments are unraveling the role of lymphatic vessels in other pathological settings. In the last decade, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for developmental and postnatal lymphatic growth, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have matched the growing interest in understanding the role of the lymphatic system in atherosclerosis. With a historical perspective, this review highlights the current knowledge regarding interaction between the lymphatic vascular tree and atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms of this multifaceted system throughout disease onset and progression. The blood and lymphatic vascular systems are parallel but interdependent networks. The lymphatic system governs the transport of superfluous interstitial fluids from peripheral tissues to the blood circulation, maintaining fluid balance throughout the body. Defects in lymphatic function have been broadly associated with pathologies such as congenital or acquired lymphedema. Although longstanding observations suggested that the lymphatic vasculature could be central in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, recent publications specifically point out its potential implication in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge unraveling the interaction between the lymphatic network and atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms of this intricate system.
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Beilstein F, Carrière V, Leturque A, Demignot S. Characteristics and functions of lipid droplets and associated proteins in enterocytes. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:172-9. [PMID: 26431584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are observed in enterocytes of jejunum during lipid absorption. One important function of the intestine is to secrete chylomicrons, which provide dietary lipids throughout the body, from digested lipids in meals. The current hypothesis is that cytosolic LDs in enterocytes constitute a transient pool of stored lipids that provides lipids during interprandial period while lowering chylomicron production during the post-prandial phase. This smoothens the magnitude of peaks of hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we review the composition and functions of lipids and associated proteins of enterocyte LDs, the known physiological functions of LDs as well as the role of LDs in pathological processes in the context of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beilstein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; EPHE, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Demignot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; EPHE, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, F-75014 Paris, France.
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