1
|
Zhao J, Yang Y, Qin J, Tao S, Jiang C, Huang H, Wan Q, Chen Y, Xu S, Qiao H. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Preeclampsia-Induced Apoptosis of Placental Trophoblastic Cells Via Inhibiting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01244-9. [PMID: 38874677 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious obstetric complication. Currently, there is a lack of effective preventive approaches for this disease. Recent studies have identified transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a potential novel non-pharmaceutical therapeutic modality for preeclampsia. In this study, we investigated whether taVNS inhibits apoptosis of placental trophoblastic cells through ROS-induced UPRmt. Our results showed that taVNS promoted the release of acetylcholine (ACh). ACh decreased the expression of UPRmt by inhibiting the formation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), presumably through M3AChR. This reduced the release of pro-apoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase-3, NF-κB-p65, and cytochrome C) and helped preserve the morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria, thus reducing the apoptosis of placental trophoblasts, improving placental function, and relieving preeclampsia. Our study unravels the potential pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia. In-depth characterization of the UPRmt is essential for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for preeclampsia targeting mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jiayi Qin
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Huixuan Huang
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Qiunan Wan
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Shouzhu Xu
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao BH, Ruze A, Zhao L, Li QL, Tang J, Xiefukaiti N, Gai MT, Deng AX, Shan XF, Gao XM. The role and mechanisms of microvascular damage in the ischemic myocardium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:341. [PMID: 37898977 PMCID: PMC11073328 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial ischemic injury, the most effective clinical intervention is timely restoration of blood perfusion to ischemic but viable myocardium to reduce irreversible myocardial necrosis, limit infarct size, and prevent cardiac insufficiency. However, reperfusion itself may exacerbate cell death and myocardial injury, a process commonly referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which primarily involves cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and is characterized by myocardial stunning, microvascular damage (MVD), reperfusion arrhythmia, and lethal reperfusion injury. MVD caused by I/R has been a neglected problem compared to myocardial injury. Clinically, the incidence of microvascular angina and/or no-reflow due to ineffective coronary perfusion accounts for 5-50% in patients after acute revascularization. MVD limiting drug diffusion into injured myocardium, is strongly associated with the development of heart failure. CMECs account for > 60% of the cardiac cellular components, and their role in myocardial I/R injury cannot be ignored. There are many studies on microvascular obstruction, but few studies on microvascular leakage, which may be mainly due to the lack of corresponding detection methods. In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations, related mechanisms of MVD during myocardial I/R, laboratory and clinical examination means, as well as the research progress on potential therapies for MVD in recent years. Better understanding the characteristics and risk factors of MVD in patients after hemodynamic reconstruction is of great significance for managing MVD, preventing heart failure and improving patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Amanguli Ruze
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Nilupaer Xiefukaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Min-Tao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - An-Xia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Bouhamida E, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Perspectives on mitochondrial relevance in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1082095. [PMID: 36561366 PMCID: PMC9763599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide and in particular, ischemic heart disease holds the most considerable position. Even if it has been deeply studied, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is still a side-effect of the clinical treatment for several heart diseases: ischemia process itself leads to temporary damage to heart tissue and obviously the recovery of blood flow is promptly required even if it worsens the ischemic injury. There is no doubt that mitochondria play a key role in pathogenesis of IRI: dysfunctions of these important organelles alter cell homeostasis and survival. It has been demonstrated that during IRI the system of mitochondrial quality control undergoes alterations with the disruption of the complex balance between the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and mitophagy. The fundamental role of mitochondria is carried out thanks to the finely regulated connection to other organelles such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, therefore impairments of these inter-organelle communications exacerbate IRI. This review pointed to enhance the importance of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of IRI with the aim to focus on potential mitochondria-targeting therapies as new approach to control heart tissue damage after ischemia and reperfusion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan M, Gong M, He J, Xie B, Zhang Z, Meng L, Tse G, Zhao Y, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Liu X, Luo C, Wang F, Li G, Liu T. IP3R1/GRP75/VDAC1 complex mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial oxidative stress in diabetic atrial remodeling. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102289. [PMID: 35344886 PMCID: PMC8961221 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important mechanisms of atrial remodeling, predisposing to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes especially their interactions have not been fully elucidated. Objective To explore the potential role of ER stress–mitochondrial oxidative stress in atrial remodeling and AF induction in diabetes. Methods and results Mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells) and rats with T2DM were used as study models. Significant ER stress was observed in the diabetic rat atria. After treatment with tunicamycin (TM), an ER stress agonist, mass spectrometry (MS) identified several known ER stress and calmodulin proteins, including heat shock protein family A (HSP70) member [HSPA] 5 [GRP78]) and HSPA9 (GRP75, glucose-regulated protein 75). In situ proximity ligation assay indicated that TM led to increased protein expression of the IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1–glucose-regulated protein 75–voltage-dependent anion channel 1) complex in HL-1 cells. Small interfering RNA silencing of GRP75 in HL-1 cells and GRP75 conditional knockout in a mouse model led to impaired calcium transport from the ER to the mitochondria and alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress and calcium overload. Moreover, GRP75 deficiency attenuated atrial remodeling and AF progression in Myh6-Cre+/Hspa9flox/flox + TM mice. Conclusions The IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 complex mediates ER stress–mitochondrial oxidative stress and plays an important role in diabetic atrial remodeling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with atrial fibrillation. GRP75 contributes to the ER-mitochondria crosstalk. Inhibition of GRP75 attenuated diabetic atrial remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinli He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Bingxin Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Lei Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Yungang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Health & Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 300381, PR China
| | - Qiankun Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Cunjin Luo
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Liu J, Zang WJ. Mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in cardiovascular diseases: Protective role of the vagal system. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:369-379. [PMID: 34906725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular Ca2+ handling, apoptosis, and cell fate determination. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and energy insufficiency, which further disturb mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis in a deleterious loop. Mitochondrial redox status has therefore become a potential target for therapy against cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating mitochondrial redox status, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion-fission pathways), mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrion-organelle interactions (endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion interactions, nucleus-mitochondrion communication, and lipid droplet-mitochondrion interactions). The strategies that activate vagal system include direct vagal activation (electrical vagal stimulation and administration of vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and pharmacological modulation (choline and cholinesterase inhibitors). The vagal system plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, moderating mitochondrial fusion and fission, strengthening mitochondrial cristae stabilization, regulating mitochondrion-organelle interactions, and inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Therefore, enhancement of vagal activity can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Q, Zhao M, He X, Xue R, Li D, Yu X, Wang S, Zang W. Acetylcholine reduces palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting lipid droplet lipolysis and perilipin 5-mediated lipid droplet-mitochondria interaction. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1890-1906. [PMID: 34424820 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1965734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are neutral lipid storage organelles, are important for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. LD lipolysis and interactions with mitochondria are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and may be potential targets to buffer the effects of excessive toxic lipid species levels. Acetylcholine (ACh), the major neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve, exhibits cardioprotective effects. However, limited research has focused on its effects on LD lipolysis and the LD-mitochondria association in fatty acid (FA) overload models. Here, we reveal that palmitate (PA) induces an increase in expression of the FA transport protein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and LD formation; remarkably reduces the expression of lipases involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL); impairs LD-mitochondria interaction; and decreases perilipin 5 (PLIN5) expression, resulting in LD accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ultimately lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. ACh significantly upregulates PLIN5 expression and improved LD lipolysis and the LD-mitochondria association. Moreover, ACh reduces CD36 expression, LD deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately suppressing apoptosis in PA-treated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs). Knockdown of PLIN5, which plays a role in LD-mitochondria contact site formation, abolishes the protective effects of ACh in PA-treated NRVCs. Thus, ACh protects cardiomyocytes from PA-induced apoptosis, at least partly, by promoting LD lipolysis and activating LD-mitochondria interactions via PLIN5. These findings may aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches that target LD lipolysis and PLIN5-mediated LD-mitochondria interactions to prevent or alleviate lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Runqing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongling Li
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaw RL, Norton CE, Segal SS. Apoptosis in resistance arteries induced by hydrogen peroxide: greater resilience of endothelium versus smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1625-H1633. [PMID: 33606587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00956.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cardiovascular and neurologic disorders including atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Although oxidative stress can lead to apoptosis of vascular cells, such findings are largely based upon isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) studied in culture. Studying intact resistance arteries, we have focused on understanding how SMCs and ECs in the blood vessel wall respond to acute oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, a ubiquitous, membrane-permeant ROS. We find that apoptosis induced by H2O2 is far greater in SMCs compared to ECs. For both cell types, apoptosis is associated with a rise in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during H2O2 exposure. Consistent with their greater death, the rise in [Ca2+]i for SMCs exceeds that in ECs. Finding that disruption of the endothelium increases SMC death, we address how myoendothelial coupling and paracrine signaling attenuate apoptosis. Remarkably, conditions associated with chronic oxidative stress (advanced age, Western-style diet) protect SMCs during H2O2 exposure, as does female sex. In light of intracellular Ca2+ handling, we consider how glycolytic versus oxidative pathways for ATP production and changes in mitochondrial structure and function impact cellular resilience to H2O2-induced apoptosis. Gaining new insight into protective signaling within and between SMCs and ECs of the arterial wall can be applied to promote vascular cell survival (and recovery of blood flow) in tissues subjected to acute oxidative stress as occurs during reperfusion following myocardial infarction and thrombotic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhuan B, Wang X, Wang MD, Li ZC, Yuan Q, Xie J, Yang Z. Hypoxia induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction through mitochondrial fragmentation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23684-23697. [PMID: 33221740 PMCID: PMC7762493 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms of PASMC dysfunction remain largely unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to PASMC dysfunction through enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PASMC dysfunction accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation and ER stress was observed in the pulmonary arteries of hypoxia-induced rats with PAH, as well as isolated PASMCs under hypoxia. Treatment with Mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation and ER stress and improved PASMC function in isolated PASMCs under hypoxia, while Drp1 overexpression increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ER stress, impairing PASMC function in isolated PASMCs under normoxia. However, inhibition of ER stress using ER stress inhibitors showed a negligible effect on mitochondrial morphology but improved PASMC function during hypoxia. Additionally, we found that mitochondrial fragmentation-promoted ER stress was dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation using Mdivi-1 attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and ER stress in hypoxic PASMCs and improved the pulmonary artery smooth muscle function in hypoxic rats. These results suggest that hypoxia induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction through mitochondrial fragmentation-mediated ER stress and that mitochondrial morphology is a potential target for treatment of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Ming-Deng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Qun Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hyperglycemia Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Atrial Cardiomyocytes, and Mitofusin-2 Downregulation Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Subsequent Cell Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6569728. [PMID: 33149811 PMCID: PMC7603626 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6569728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction play an important role of atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) in diabetes mellitus. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to both physiological and pathological states including diabetes. The aim of this project is to explore the roles of ER stress in hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death of atrial cardiomyocytes. High glucose upregulated ER stress, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)- enriched proteins (such as glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2)) of primary cardiomyocytes in vitro. Sodium phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) prevented the above changes. Silencing of Mfn2 in HL-1 cells decreased the Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria under ER stress conditions, which were induced by the ER stress agonist, tunicamycin (TM). Electron microscopy data suggested that Mfn2 siRNA significantly disrupted ER-mitochondria tethering in ER stress-injured HL-1 cells. Mfn2 silencing attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and protected cells from TM-induced apoptosis. In summary, Mfn2 plays an important role in high glucose-induced ER stress in atrial cardiomyocytes, and Mfn2 silencing prevents mitochondrial Ca2+ overload-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby decreasing ER stress-mediated cardiomyocyte cell death.
Collapse
|
11
|
He X, Deng J, Yu XJ, Yang S, Yang Y, Zang WJ. Activation of M3AChR (Type 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor) and Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2) Signaling by Choline Alleviates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2649-2664. [PMID: 32938216 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, and hypertension. Choline exerts cardioprotective effects; however, little is known about its effects on VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated whether choline modulates VSMC phenotypic changes and explored the underlying mechanisms. Approach and Results: In cultured VSMCs, choline promoted Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) nuclear translocation, inducing the expression of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) and NQO-1 (NAD[P]H quinone oxidoreductase-1). Consequently, choline ameliorated Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced increases in NOX (NAD[P]H oxidase) expression and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, thereby attenuating Ang II-induced VSMC phenotypic switching, proliferation, and migration, presumably via M3AChRs (type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors). Downregulation of M3AChR or Nrf2 diminished choline-mediated upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 expression, as well as inhibition of VSMC phenotypic transformation, suggesting that M3AChR and Nrf2 activation are responsible for the protective effects of choline. Moreover, activation of the Nrf2 pathway by sulforaphane suppressed Ang II-induced VSMC phenotypic switching and proliferation, indicating that Nrf2 is a key regulator of VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular homeostasis. In a rat model of abdominal aortic constriction in vivo, choline attenuated VSMC phenotypic transformation and vascular remodeling in a manner related to activation of the Nrf2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that choline impedes VSMC phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, and vascular remodeling by activating M3AChR and Nrf2-antioxidant signaling and suggest a novel role for Nrf2 in VSMC phenotypic modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CaMKII/calpain interaction mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:388. [PMID: 32439852 PMCID: PMC7242471 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a kinase involved in the modulation of ryanodine receptor activity, activates Ca2+-regulated protease μ-calpain to promote myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms in CaMKII-induced calpain activation to better understand heart injury. To examine the Ca2+ paradox and ischemia/reperfusion injury, isolated rat hearts were subjected to a Ca2+-free solution for 3 min, or left coronary artery occlusion for 40 min, prior to restoration of normal perfusion. Blockade of trans-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ flux using ryanodine and thapsigargin failed to prevent Ca2+ paradox-induced heart injury. In contrast, the Ca2+ paradox increased CaMKII auto-phosphorylation at Thr287, while the CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor KB-R7943 alleviated heart injury and calpain activity. Intriguingly, the binding of μ-calpain large subunit calpain-1 (CAPN1) to phospho-CaMKII was blunted by both inhibitors. Thus, a Ca2+ leak via the ryanodine receptor is not an essential element in CaMKII-elicited calpain activation. In hearts receiving vector injection, ischemia/reperfusion caused elevated calpain activity and α-fodrin degradation, along with membrane integrity damage, similar to the effects noted in control hearts. Importantly, all these alterations were diminished with delivery of adeno-associated virus expressing mutant CaMKIIδC T287A. Ischemia/reperfusion increased CaMKII auto-phosphorylation and binding of CAPN1 to phospho-CaMKII, and facilitated the translocation of phospho-CaMKII and CAPN1 to the plasma membrane, all of which were reversed by injecting CaMKII mutant. Furthermore, the relocation capacity and the interaction of CaMKII with CAPN1 appeared to be dependent upon CaMKII autophosphorylation, as its mutant delivery increased the level of CaMKII, but did not increase membrane content of CaMKII and CAPN1, or their interactions. Together, CaMKII/calpain interaction represents a new avenue for mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and CaMKII likely serves as both a kinase and a carrier, thereby promoting calpain membrane translocation and activation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wessler I, Kirkpatrick CJ. Cholinergic signaling controls immune functions and promotes homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106345. [PMID: 32203906 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) was created by nature as one of the first signaling molecules, expressed already in procaryotes. Based on the positively charged nitrogen, ACh could initially mediate signaling in the absence of receptors. When evolution established more and more complex organisms the new emerging organs systems, like the smooth and skeletal muscle systems, energy-generating systems, sexual reproductive system, immune system and the nervous system have further optimized the cholinergic signaling machinery. Thus, it is not surprising that ACh and the cholinergic system are expressed in the vast majority of cells. Consequently, multiple common interfaces exist, for example, between the nervous and the immune system. Research of the last 20 years has unmasked these multiple regulating mechanisms mediated by cholinergic signaling and thus, the biological role of ACh has been revised. The present article summarizes new findings and describes the role of both non-neuronal and neuronal ACh in protecting the organism from external and internal health threats, in providing energy for the whole organism and for the individual cell, controling immune functions to prevent inflammatory dysbalance, and finally, the involvement in critical brain functions, such as learning and memory. All these capacities of ACh enable the organism to attain and maintain homeostasis under changing external conditions. However, the existence of identical interfaces between all these different organ systems complicates the research for new therapeutic interventions, making it essential that every effort should be undertaken to find out more specific targets to modulate cholinergic signaling in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignaz Wessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Charles James Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
miR-21 deficiency contributes to the impaired protective effects of obese rat mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against spinal cord injury. Biochimie 2019; 167:171-178. [PMID: 31605737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of stem cell transplantation in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has been extensively studied these days, and evidence has shown that stem cell-derived exosomes and exosome-shuttled miRNA (e.g. miR-21) contribute to the protective effects of stem cell transplantation against SCI. It has been reported that obesity, a prevalent metabolic disorder, reshapes stem cells and their extracellular vesicles. However, the effects of exosomes derived from obese rat stem cells on SCI and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of exosomes derived from obese rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on SCI, and tested the role of miR-21 in their effects. We found that exosomes derived from obese rat MSCs showed decreased miR-21 levels and did not exert protective effects against SCI. Overexpression of miR-21 in obese rat MSCs restored the protective effects of exosomes purified from obese rat MSCs against SCI. In addition, obese rat MSCs showed insulin resistance, and MSC insulin resistance decreased miR-21 levels in its secreted exosomes. These results suggested that miR-21 deficiency in obese rat MSCs contributes to the impaired protective effects of obese rat MSCs-derived exosomes against SCI, and further reinforced the notion that miR-21 is a potential molecule for treatment of SCI.
Collapse
|
15
|
Talmon M, Rossi S, Lim D, Pollastro F, Palattella G, Ruffinatti FA, Marotta P, Boldorini R, Genazzani AA, Fresu LG. Absinthin, an agonist of the bitter taste receptor hTAS2R46, uncovers an ER-to-mitochondria Ca 2+-shuttling event. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12472-12482. [PMID: 31248983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2R) are G protein-coupled receptors first described in the gustatory system, but have also been shown to have extraoral localizations, including airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, in which TAS2R have been reported to induce relaxation. TAS2R46 is an unexplored subtype that responds to its highly specific agonist absinthin. Here, we first demonstrate that, unlike other bitter-taste receptor agonists, absinthin alone (1 μm) in ASM cells does not induce Ca2+ signals but reduces histamine-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increases. To investigate this mechanism, we introduced into ASM cells aequorin-based Ca2+ probes targeted to the cytosol, subplasma membrane domain, or the mitochondrial matrix. We show that absinthin reduces cytosolic histamine-induced Ca2+ rises and simultaneously increases Ca2+ influx into mitochondria. We found that this effect is inhibited by the potent human TAS2R46 (hTAS2R46) antagonist 3β-hydroxydihydrocostunolide and is no longer evident in hTAS2R46-silenced ASM cells, indicating that it is hTAS2R46-dependent. Furthermore, these changes were sensitive to the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP); the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor KB-R7943 (carbamimidothioic acid); the cytoskeletal disrupter latrunculin; and an inhibitor of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), ESI-09. Similarly, the β2 agonist salbutamol also could induce Ca2+ shuttling from cytoplasm to mitochondria, suggesting that this new mechanism might be generalizable. Moreover, forskolin and an EPAC activator mimicked this effect in HeLa cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that plasma membrane receptors can positively regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, adding a further facet to the ability of cells to encode complex Ca2+ signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli, 17-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli, 17-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gioele Palattella
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli, 17-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federico A Ruffinatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli, 17-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Luigia G Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli, 17-28100 Novara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang YD, Li MM, Xu G, Zhang EL, Chen J, Sun B, Chen DW, Gao YQ. Targeting mitochondria-associated membranes as a potential therapy against endothelial injury induced by hypoxia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18967-18978. [PMID: 31241212 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a principal role in hypoxia-induced endothelial injury, which is involved in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have identified mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) that modulate mitochondrial function under a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as high-fat diet-mediated insulin resistance, hypoxia reoxygenation-induced myocardial death, and hypoxia-evoked vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, the role of MAMs in hypoxia-induced endothelial injury remains unclear. To explore this further, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2 ) for 24 hours. An increase in MAM formation was uncovered by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Then, we performed small interfering RNA transfection targeted to MAM constitutive proteins and explored the biological effects. Knockdown of MAM constitutive proteins attenuated hypoxia-induced elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ and repressed mitochondrial impairment, leading to an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production and a decline in reactive oxygen species. Then, we found that MAM disruption mitigated cell apoptosis and promoted cell survival. Next, other protective effects, such as those pertaining to the repression of inflammatory response and the promotion of NO synthesis, were investigated. With the disruption of MAMs under hypoxia, inflammatory molecule expression was repressed, and the eNOS-NO pathway was enhanced. This study demonstrates that the disruption of MAMs might be of therapeutic value for treating endothelial injury under hypoxia, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Man-Man Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Er-Long Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Binda Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang YD, Li MM, Xu G, Feng L, Zhang EL, Chen J, Chen DW, Gao YQ. Nogo-B Receptor Directs Mitochondria-Associated Membranes to Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092319. [PMID: 31083380 PMCID: PMC6540177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) are a well-recognized contact link between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that affects mitochondrial biology and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation via the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+(Ca2+m) influx. Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) plays a vital role in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance of some tumors. Recent studies have revealed that downregulation of NgBR, which stimulates the proliferation of VSMCs, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of NgBR in MAM and VSMC proliferation. We analyzed the expression of NgBR in pulmonary arteries using a rat model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), in which rats were subjected to normoxic recovery after hypoxia. VSMCs exposed to hypoxia and renormoxia were used to assess the alterations in NgBR expression in vitro. The effect of NgBR downregulation and overexpression on VSMC proliferation was explored. The results revealed that NgBR expression was negatively related with VSMCs proliferation. Then, MAM formation and the phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) was detected. We found that knockdown of NgBR resulted in MAM disruption and augmented the phosphorylation of IP3R3 through pAkt, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased Ca2+m, respiration and mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and HIF-1α nuclear localization, which were determined by confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF-96 analyzer. By contrast, NgBR overexpression attenuated IP3R3 phosphorylation and HIF-1α nuclear localization under hypoxia. These results reveal that dysregulation of NgBR promotes VSMC proliferation via MAM disruption and increased IP3R3 phosphorylation, which contribute to the decrease of Ca2+m and mitochondrial impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Man-Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of High Altitude Physiology & Biology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Er-Long Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu X, Wang D, Zheng C, Gao B, Fan J, Cheng P, Liu B, Yang L, Luo Z. Progerin accumulation in nucleus pulposus cells impairs mitochondrial function and induces intervertebral disc degeneration and therapeutic effects of sulforaphane. Theranostics 2019; 9:2252-2267. [PMID: 31149042 PMCID: PMC6531300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progerin, a truncated unprocessed lamin A protein, causes tissue aging and degeneration. In this study we explored the role of progerin in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We also examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on progerin accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IDD. Methods: The role of progerin in IDD was explored using human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, rat NP cells, and Lmna G609G knock-in mice. Immunostaining, X-ray imaging, and Western blotting were performed to assess the phenotypes of intervertebral discs. Alterations in senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by SA-β-galactosidase, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Mitochondrial function was investigated by JC-1 staining, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the level of ATP and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes. Results: The progerin level was elevated in degenerated human NP tissues. Lmna G609G/G609G mice displayed IDD, as evidenced by increased matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression and decreased collagen II and aggrecan expression and disc height. Furthermore, progerin overexpression in rat NP cells induced mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes), morphologic abnormalities, and disrupted mitochondrial dynamic (abnormal expression of proteins involved in fission and fusion), resulting in apoptosis and senescence. SFN ameliorated the progerin-induced aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in NP cells and IDD in Lmna G609G/G609G mice. Conclusions: Progerin is involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. Also, SFN alleviates progerin‑induced IDD, which is associated with amelioration of aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, SFN shows promise for the treatment of IDD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu S, Zhang L, Liu C, Yang J, Zhang J, Huang L. PACS2 is required for ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondria-associated ER membrane formation and mitochondrial Ca 2+ elevation. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:191-202. [PMID: 30970236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis is the initial step of atherogenesis and associated with Ca2+ overload. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), regulated by tethering proteins such as phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2), is essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ overload by mediating ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer. In our study, we aimed to investigate the role of PACS2 in ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanisms. Ox-LDL dose- and time-dependently increased cell apoptosis concomitant with mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cytochrome c release. Silencing PACS2 significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis at 24 h in addition to the effects of ox-LDL on mitochondrial Ca2+, MMP, and ROS at 2 h. Besides, ox-LDL promoted PACS2 localization at mitochondria as well as ER-mitochondria contacts at 2 h. Not only that, ox-LDL upregulated PACS2 expression at 24 h. Furthermore, silencing PACS2 inhibited ox-LDL-induced mitochondrial localization of PACS2 and MAM formation at 24 h. Altogether, our findings suggest that PACS2 plays an important role in ox-LDL-induced EC apoptosis by regulating MAM formation and mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation, implicating that PACS2 may be a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiu Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Laiping Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xue RQ, Yu XJ, Zhao M, Xu M, Wu Q, Cui YL, Yang S, Li DL, Zang WJ. Pyridostigmine alleviates cardiac dysfunction via improving mitochondrial cristae shape in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:119-132. [PMID: 30633969 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and autonomic imbalance are important pathological processes in metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac remodeling. Recent studies determined that disruption of mitochondrial cristae shape is associated with myocardial ischemia; however, the change in cristae shape in metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. This study determined the effect of pyridostigmine (PYR), which reversibly inhibits cholinesterase to improve autonomic imbalance, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac insulin resistance and explored the potential effect on the shape of mitochondrial cristae. Feeding of a HFD for 22 weeks led to an irregular and even lysed cristae structure in cardiac mitochondria, which contributed to decreased mitochondrial content and ATP production and increased oxygen species production, ultimately impairing insulin signaling and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, PYR enhanced vagal activity by increasing acetylcholine production and exerted mito-protective effects by activating the LKB1/AMPK/ACC signal pathway. Specifically, PYR upregulated OPA1 and Mfn1/2 expression, promoted the formation of the mitofilin/CHCHD3/Sam50 complex, and decreased p-Drp1 and Fis1 expression, resulting in tight and parallel cristae and increasing cardiac mitochondrial complex subunit expression and ATP generation as well as decreasing release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and oxidative damage. Furthermore, PYR improved glucose and insulin tolerance and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, decreased lipid toxicity, and ultimately ameliorated HFD-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In conclusion, PYR prevented cardiac and insulin insensitivity and remodeling by stimulating vagal activity to regulate mitochondrial cristae shape and function in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. These results provide novel insights for the development of a therapeutic strategy for obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction that targets mitochondrial cristae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PO Box 77#, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cholinergic drugs ameliorate endothelial dysfunction by decreasing O-GlcNAcylation via M3 AChR-AMPK-ER stress signaling. Life Sci 2019; 222:1-12. [PMID: 30786250 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is accompanied by augmented O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins via increasing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux. However, the changes and regulation of the O-GlcNAc levels induced by obesity are unclear. MAIN METHODS High fat diet (HFD) model was induced obesity in mice with or without the cholinergic drug pyridostigmine (PYR, 3 mg/kg/d) for 22 weeks and in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was treated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM) with or without acetylcholine (ACh). KEY FINDINGS PYR significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose, and O-GlcNAcylation levels and attenuated vascular endothelial cells detachment in HFD-fed mice. HG addition induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increased O-GlcNAcylation levels and apoptosis in HUVECs in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, HG decreased levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Interestingly, ACh significantly blocked damage to HUVECs induced by HG. Furthermore, the effects of ACh on HG-induced ER stress, O-GlcNAcylation, and apoptosis were prevented by treating HUVECs with 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, a selective M3 AChR antagonist) or compound C (Comp C, an AMPK inhibitor). Treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribose (AICAR, an AMPK activator), 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor), and 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON, a GFAT antagonist) reproduced a similar effect with ACh. SIGNIFICANCE Activation of cholinergic signaling ameliorated endothelium damage, reduced levels of ER stress, O-GlcNAcylation, and apoptosis in mice and HUVECs under obese conditions, which may function through M3 AChR-AMPK signaling.
Collapse
|
22
|
A Novel Ruthenium-based Molecular Sensor to Detect Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1720. [PMID: 30737439 PMCID: PMC6368587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of endothelial cell and vascular function. The direct measurement of NO is challenging due to its short half-life, and as such surrogate measurements are typically used to approximate its relative concentrations. Here we demonstrate that ruthenium-based [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ is a potent sensor for NO in its irreversible, NO-bound active form, [Ru(bpy)2(T-bpy)]2+. Using spectrophotometry we established the sensor’s ability to detect and measure soluble NO in a concentration-dependent manner in cell-free media. Endothelial cells cultured with acetylcholine or hydrogen peroxide to induce endogenous NO production showed modest increases of 7.3 ± 7.1% and 36.3 ± 25.0% respectively in fluorescence signal from baseline state, while addition of exogenous NO increased their fluorescence by 5.2-fold. The changes in fluorescence signal were proportionate and comparable against conventional NO assays. Rabbit blood samples immediately exposed to [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ displayed 8-fold higher mean fluorescence, relative to blood without sensor. Approximately 14% of the observed signal was NO/NO adduct-specific. Optimal readings were obtained when sensor was added to freshly collected blood, remaining stable during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles. Clinical studies are now required to test the utility of [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ as a sensor to detect changes in NO from human blood samples in cardiovascular health and disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao G, Zhang X, Xu P, Mi JY, Rui YJ. The protective effect of Irisin against ischemia-reperfusion injury after perforator flap grafting in rats. Injury 2018; 49:2147-2153. [PMID: 30293870 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the reasons for failure of flap grafting. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of irisin on the survival of perforator flaps in rats. METHODS A total of 48 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups and subjected to vascular clipping of perforator flap. Rats in the experimental group (n = 24) received daily tail intravenous injection of irisin (2 ng/g) for 3 days, while the rest rats in the control group (n = 24) received injection of saline solution of the same dose. On the 7th post-operative day, the surviving area of the flaps were recorded as the percentage of the total flap area. Histology study with haematoxylin and eosin staining were performed in all flaps. Flaps were also evaluated with lead oxide-gelatine-enhanced flap angiography. Immunohistochemical study was performed to evaluate the expression of ErG, a marker of vascular endothelial cells. The tissue of "choke vessels" was excised for quantification of p-Akt/Akt by western blot assay on the 7th post-operative day. RESULTS On the 7th post-operative day, the percentage of surviving flap area was significantly larger in the rats with irisin administration (experimental group), compared with the control group (P = 0.011). The density of microvessels was significantly higher in the experimental group (P = 0.03) in the histological study and angiography, with a higher expression level of ErG in the immunochemical study (P = 0.01). The p-Akt/Akt was also higher in the experimental group in Western blotting analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Irisin has a beneficial effect on protecting perforator flaps from ischemic-reperfusion injury following the flap grafting surgery. It was potentially achieved by promoting proliferation of vascular endothelial cells after flap revascularization. Upregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was potentially related with this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Yi Mi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Jun Rui
- Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu L, Zhao M, Yu X, Zang W. Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:156-166. [PMID: 30218283 PMCID: PMC6357265 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are life-threatening illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. Suppressed vagal (parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity are involved in these diseases. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily aim to inhibit over-excitation of sympathetic nerves, while vagal modulation has been largely neglected. Many studies have demonstrated that increased vagal activity reduces cardiovascular risk factors in both animal models and human patients. Therefore, the improvement of vagal activity may be an alternate approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, drugs used for vagus nerve activation in cardiovascular diseases are limited in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential drug targets for modulating vagal nerve activation, including muscarinic, and β-adrenergic receptors. In addition, vagomimetic drugs (such as choline, acetylcholine, and pyridostigmine) and the mechanism underlying their cardiovascular protective effects are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang PK, Yen IC, Tsai WC, Chang TC, Lee SY. Protective Effects of Rhodiola Crenulata Extract on Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Damage via Regulation of AMPK and ERK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2286. [PMID: 30081534 PMCID: PMC6121284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) has been shown to possess protective activities against hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of RCE on response to hypoxia in the endothelium remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of RCE in endothelial cells challenged with hypoxic exposure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with or without RCE and then exposed to hypoxia (1% O₂) for 24 h. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress markers, as well as mechanistic readouts were studied. We found that hypoxia-induced cell death, impaired NO production, and oxidative stress. These responses were significantly attenuated by RCE treatment and were associated with the activation of AMP-activated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. In summary, we showed that RCE protected endothelial cells from hypoxic insult and suggested that R. crenulata might be useful for the prevention of hypoxia-associated vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang H, Xiao J, Zhou Z, Wu J, Ge F, Li Z, Zhang H, Sun J, Li F, Liu R, Chen C. Hypoxia induces miR-153 through the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:1961-1975. [PMID: 29367761 PMCID: PMC5895606 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that hypoxia activates the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) axis to promote angiogenesis in breast cancer. However, it is unclear how this axis is negatively regulated. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-153 directly inhibits expression of HIF1α by binding to the 3′UTR of HIF1A mRNA, as well as suppresses tube formation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and breast cancer angiogenesis by decreasing the secretion of VEGFA. Importantly, expression of miR-153 was induced by hypoxia-stimulated ER stress, which activates IRE1α and its downstream transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). X-box binding protein 1 directly binds to the promoter of the miR-153 host gene PTPRN and activates transcription. These results indicate that hypoxia induces miR-153 to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis and miR-153 could be used for breast cancer anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of the Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Translational Medicine Center of Stem Cells, 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lv Y, Li Y, Zhang D, Zhang A, Guo W, Zhu S. HMGB1-induced asthmatic airway inflammation through GRP75-mediated enhancement of ER-mitochondrial Ca 2+ transfer and ROS increased. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4205-4215. [PMID: 29292841 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Imbalanced T-helper (TH)1/Th2 response contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Our study indicated that HMGB1 play an important role in the release of Th2-associated cytokines of asthma. However, the specific mechanism about HMGB1-induced imbalanced TH1/Th2 response is not known. In vivo, an OVA-induced asthma mouse model was set up and mice treated with anti-HMGB1 IgG. The mice treated with the anti-HMGB1 IgG ameliorated airway hyper-reactivity, disruption of Th1/Th2 balance and the upregulation of GRP75 induced by OVA. In vitro, the exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial cells to HMGB1 resulted in the upregulation of GRP75, proinflammatory cytokine production, enhanced ER-Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, and enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While HMGB1-induced these changes were attenuated by GRP75 siRNA treatment. Sequentially, pretreatment with 2-APB, SKF960365 (SKF) and Ru360 which inhibit ER-Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer significantly lowered HMGB1-induced the generation of ROS and the release of Th2 cytokines in 16HBE cells. Meanwhile, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Therefore, these results indicate that GRP75-mediated ER-Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer may be an important contributor in imbalanced of Th1/Th2 balance of asthma. Moreover, HMGB1 specifically induces the release of Th2 cytokines through GRP75-mediated enhancement of ER-Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and ROS increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan city people's hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Respiratory, Inner Mongolia people's hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan city people's hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Anbing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan city people's hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan city people's hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunfang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Gongdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui C, Lin H, Shi Y, Pan R. Hypoxic postconditioning attenuates apoptosis via inactivation of adenosine A2a receptor through NDRG3-Raf-ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
29
|
Zhao M, Jia HH, Liu LZ, Bi XY, Xu M, Yu XJ, He X, Zang WJ. Acetylcholine attenuated TNF-α-induced intracellular Ca 2+ overload by inhibiting the formation of the NCX1-TRPC3-IP3R1 complex in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 107:1-12. [PMID: 28395930 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms discrete junctions with the plasma membrane (PM) that play a critical role in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling during cellular bioenergetics, apoptosis and autophagy. We have previously confirmed that acetylcholine can inhibit ER stress and apoptosis after inflammatory injury. However, limited research has focused on the effects of acetylcholine on ER-PM junctions. In this work, we evaluated the structure and function of the supramolecular sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1)-transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3)-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) complex, which is involved in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis during inflammatory injury. The width of the ER-PM junctions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured in nanometres using transmission electron microscopy and a fluorescent probe for Ca2+. Protein-protein interactions were assessed by immunoprecipitation. Ca2+ concentration was measured using a confocal microscope. An siRNA assay was employed to silence specific proteins. Our results demonstrated that the peripheral ER was translocated to PM junction sites when induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and that NCX1-TRPC3-IP3R1 complexes formed at these sites. After down-regulating the protein expression of NCX1 or IP3R1, we found that the NCX1-mediated inflow of Ca2+ and the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores were reduced in TNF-α-treated cells. We also observed that acetylcholine attenuated the formation of NCX1-TRPC3-IP3R1 complexes and maintained calcium homeostasis in cells treated with TNF-α. Interestingly, the positive effects of acetylcholine were abolished by the selective M3AChR antagonist darifenacin and by AMPK siRNAs. These results indicate that acetylcholine protects endothelial cells from TNF-alpha-induced injury, [Ca2+]cyt overload and ER-PM interactions, which depend on the muscarinic 3 receptor/AMPK pathway, and that acetylcholine may be a new inhibitor for suppressing [Ca2+]cyt overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Hang-Huan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Long-Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Battson ML, Lee DM, Gentile CL. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the development of endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H355-H367. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00437.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and thus identifying the underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction has important clinical implications. In this regard, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has recently emerged as an important regulator of metabolic processes. Dysfunction within the ER, broadly termed ER stress, evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway that aims to restore ER homeostasis. Although the UPR is the first line of defense against ER stress, chronic activation of the UPR leads to cell dysfunction and death and has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Numerous risk factors for endothelial dysfunction can induce ER stress, which may in turn disrupt endothelial function via direct effects on endothelium-derived vasoactive substances or by activating other pathogenic cellular networks such as inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the available data linking ER stress to endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Battson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - D. M. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C. L. Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xue RQ, Sun L, Yu XJ, Li DL, Zang WJ. Vagal nerve stimulation improves mitochondrial dynamics via an M 3 receptor/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:58-71. [PMID: 27491814 PMCID: PMC5192749 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics-fission and fusion-are associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This study explored the protective effect of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischaemia in a rat model and tested whether VNS plays a role in preventing disorders of mitochondrial dynamics and function. Isoproterenol not only caused cardiac injury but also increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins [dynamin-related peptide1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission protein1 (Fis-1)) and decreased the expression of fusion proteins (optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) and mitofusins1/2 (Mfn1/2)], thereby disrupting mitochondrial dynamics and leading to increase in mitochondrial fragments. Interestingly, VNS restored mitochondrial dynamics through regulation of Drp1, Fis-1, OPA1 and Mfn1/2; enhanced ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential; reduced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening; and improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and size. Furthermore, VNS reduced the size of the myocardial infarction and ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by ISO. Moreover, VNS activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was accompanied by phosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) during myocardial ischaemia. Treatment with subtype-3 of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3 R) antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide or AMPK inhibitor Compound C abolished the protective effects of VNS on mitochondrial dynamics and function, suggesting that M3 R/CaMKKβ/AMPK signalling are involved in mediating beneficial effects of VNS. This study demonstrates that VNS modulates mitochondrial dynamics and improves mitochondrial function, possibly through the M3 R/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway, to attenuate ISO-induced cardiac damage in rats. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in IHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Madecassic Acid protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in retinal microvascular endothelial cells via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:845-852. [PMID: 27728894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassic acid (MA) is an abundant triterpenoid in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae) that has been used as a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Up to now, the effects of MA against oxidative stress remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of MA and its mechanisms on hypoxia-induced human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hRMECs). hRMECs were pre-treated with different concentrations of MA (0-50μM) for 30min before being incubated under hypoxia condition (37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% N2). Cell apoptosis was evaluated with MTT assay and TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules was assessed with western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Intracellular ROS level was evaluated using DCFH-DA. Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated using related Kits. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) nuclear translocation was assessed with western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. MA significantly reduced oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced hRMECs, as shown by increased cell viability, SOD and GSH-PX leakage, decreased TUNEL- and ROS-positive cell ratio, LDH and MDA leakage, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In addition, MA also attenuated hypoxia-induced ER stress in hRMECs, as shown by reduced mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous transcription factor (CHOP), protein levels of cleaved activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring kinase/endonuclease 1 alpha (IRE1α), phosphorylation of pancreatic ER stress kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), cleaved caspase-12 and ATF4 translocation to nucleus. The current study indicated that the regulation of oxidative stress and ER stress by MA would be a promising therapy to reverse the process and development of hypoxia-induced hRMECs dysfunction.
Collapse
|
34
|
Safiedeen Z, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. Dialogue between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as a key actor of vascular dysfunction associated to metabolic disorders. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:10-14. [PMID: 27208732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac mortality, comprises a cluster of metabolic abnormalities such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Recent studies have shown that metabolic syndrome patients exhibit impaired nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation leading to endothelial dysfunction in addition to insulin resistance. Interestingly, development and maintenance of the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum stress revealed a surprisingly direct link with metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, in metabolic disorders, interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria is mandatory for the generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress and perturbation of mitochondrial function accounting, at least in part, for vascular dysfunction. Herein, we review the impact of the dialogue between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in modulating the cellular signals governing vascular alterations associated to metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Safiedeen
- INSERM UMR1063, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu M, Bi X, He X, Yu X, Zhao M, Zang W. Inhibition of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by acetylcholine alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1331-43. [PMID: 27111378 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1160985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is involved in numerous diseases that have the common feature of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, its pathophysiological relevance in the context of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in endothelial cells remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated that acetylcholine (ACh) protects against cardiomyocyte injury by suppressing generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). This study aimed to explore the role of UPR(mt) in endothelial cells during H/R and to clarify the beneficial effects of ACh. Our results demonstrated that H/R triggered UPR(mt) in endothelial cells, as evidenced by the elevation of heat shock protein 60 and LON protease 1 protein levels, and resulted in release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins, including cytochrome C, Omi/high temperature requirement protein A 2 and second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low PI, from the mitochondria to cytosol. ACh administration markedly decreased UPR(mt) by inhibiting mtROS and alleviating the mitonuclear protein imbalance. Consequently, ACh alleviated the release of pro-apoptotic proteins and restored mitochondrial ultrastructure and function, thereby reducing the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Intriguingly, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide, a type-3 muscarinic ACh receptor (M3AChR) inhibitor, abolished the ACh-elicited attenuation of UPR(mt) and TUNEL positive cells, indicating that the salutary effects of ACh were likely mediated by M3AChR in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that UPR(mt) might be essential for triggering the mitochondrion-associated apoptotic pathway during H/R. ACh markedly suppressed UPR(mt) by inhibiting mtROS and alleviating the mitonuclear protein imbalance, presumably through M3AChR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Bi
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xi He
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Weijin Zang
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M. Boulanger
- From the INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center–PARCC, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S970, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun L, Zhao M, Yang Y, Xue RQ, Yu XJ, Liu JK, Zang WJ. Acetylcholine Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Inducing Mitophagy Through PINK1/Parkin Signal Pathway in H9c2 Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1171-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Run-Qing Xue
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Jian-Kang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Departmentof Pharmacology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an Shaanxi P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bi X, He X, Xu M, Zhao M, Yu X, Lu X, Zang W. Acetylcholine ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation via M3 AChR-AMPK signaling. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2461-72. [PMID: 26066647 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. However, its pathophysiological relevance and the underlying mechanisms in the context of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in endothelial cells are not fully understood. Previous findings have suggested that acetylcholine (ACh), the major vagal nerve neurotransmitter, protected against cardiomyocyte injury by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study investigated the role of ER stress in endothelial cells during H/R and explored the beneficial effects of ACh. Our results showed that H/R triggered ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells, evidenced by the elevation of glucose-regulated protein 78, cleaved caspase-12 and C/EBP homologous protein expression. ACh significantly decreased ER stress and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling positive cells and restored ER ultrastructural changes induced by H/R, possibly via protein kinase-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring kinase 1 pathways. Additionally, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide, a type-3 muscarinic ACh receptor (M3 AChR) inhibitor, abolished ACh-mediated increase in AMPK phosphorylation during H/R. Furthermore, M3 AChR or AMPK siRNA abrogated the ACh-elicited the attenuation of ER stress in endothelial cells, indicating that the salutary effects of ACh were likely mediated by M3 AChR-AMPK signaling. Overall, ACh activated AMPK through M3 AChR, thereby inhibited H/R-induced ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells. We have suggested for the first time that AMPK may function as an essential intermediate step between M3 AChR stimulation and inhibition of ER stress-associated apoptotic pathway during H/R, which may help to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting ER stress to prevent or alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4-DAMP, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide
- 4-PBA, 4-phenyl butyric acid
- ACh, acetylcholine
- AMPK
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phospharte dehydrogenase
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- H/R, hypoxia/reoxygenation
- I/R, ischemia/reperfusion
- IRE1, inositol-requiring kinase 1
- M3 AChR
- MAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PERK, protein kinase-like ER kinase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling
- acetylcholine
- apoptosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- endothelial cells
- ischemia/reperfusion injury
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Bi
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|