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Arabia G, Aboelhassan M, Calvi E, Cerini M, Bellicini MG, Bontempi L, Giacopelli D, Nawar A, Raweh A, Abbas MMM, Curnis A. Sex differences in long-term outcomes following transvenous lead extraction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024. [PMID: 39075799 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is generally considered a safe procedure, albeit not without risks. While gender-based disparities have been noted in short-term outcomes following TLE, a notable gap exists in understanding the long-term consequences of this procedure. The objective of this analysis was to investigate sex differences in both acute and long-term outcomes among patients who underwent TLE at a tertiary referral center. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients who underwent TLE between January 2014 and January 2016 were enrolled. The primary outcome comprised a composite of all-cause mortality and need for repeated TLE procedures. Secondary outcomes included fluoroscopy time, lead extraction techniques, success rates, and major and minor complications. Results were compared between female and male cohorts. RESULTS The study population comprised 191 patients (median age, 70 years), 29 (15.2%) being women and 162 men (84.8%). Study groups had similar baseline characteristics. Complete procedural success was achieved in 189 out of 191 patients (99.0%), with no significant difference observed between the two groups (p = .17). No major complications were reported in the total cohort. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of minor complications in women compared to men (17.2% vs. 2.5%, p < .01). Following a median follow-up of 6.5 years, the incidence of the primary composite outcome occurred similarly between the study groups (log-rank p = .68). CONCLUSION Women who underwent TLE exhibited a significantly higher incidence of minor acute intra- and peri-procedural complications than men. However, no differences in long-term outcomes between genders were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Arabia
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Aboelhassan
- Cardiology Department, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Emiliano Calvi
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuel Cerini
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bontempi
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Electrostimulation Laboratory, "Bolognini" Hospital of Seriate, ASST Bergamo Est, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Amr Nawar
- Critical Care Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Raweh
- Cardiology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed Magdy M Abbas
- Cardiology Department, Al Qassimi Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antonio Curnis
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Mekary W, Hebbo E, Shah A, Westerman S, Bhatia N, Byku I, Babaliaros V, Greenbaum A, Merchant FM, El-Chami MF. Managing superior vena cava syndrome in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device leads: Strategies and considerations. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02870-4. [PMID: 38969051 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on transvenous (TV) lead-associated superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome are limited. The management of this problem might require a multidisciplinary approach, often involving transvenous lead extraction (TLE) followed by angioplasty and stenting. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the management and outcome of TV lead-associated SVC syndrome. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with a diagnosis of SVC syndrome and TV leads at Emory Healthcare between 2015 and 2023. RESULTS Fifteen patients with lead-related SVC syndrome were identified. The cohort average age was 50 years. Symptoms included swelling of the face, neck, and upper extremities (67%); shortness of breath (53%); and lightheadedness (40%). Patients had an average of 2 ± 0.7 leads crossing the SVC, with a lead dwell time of 9.8 ± 7.5 years. Thirteen patients were managed with TLE, followed by SVC stenting and angioplasty in 10 and angioplasty alone in 2; 1 patient had no intervention after TLE. One patient was managed with anticoagulation, and another had angioplasty and stenting with lead jailing. One patient experienced SVC perforation and cardiac tamponade during SVC stenting, which was managed successfully with a covered stent and pericardiocentesis. Among the 12 patients with TLE and angioplasty ± stenting, 7 underwent reimplantation of a transvenous lead. Two of those patients had symptoms recurrence, and none of the 5 patients without lead reimplantation had recurrence of symptoms. CONCLUSION Lead-related SVC syndrome management requires a multidisciplinary approach often including TLE followed by angioplasty and stenting. Avoiding TV lead reimplantation might help reduce symptoms recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Mekary
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elsa Hebbo
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anand Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacy Westerman
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Neal Bhatia
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isida Byku
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vasilis Babaliaros
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adam Greenbaum
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Faisal M Merchant
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mikhael F El-Chami
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Hayashi K, Callahan T, Rickard J, Baranowski B, Martin DO, Nakhla S, Tabaja C, Paul A, Wilkoff BL. Comparison of outcomes and required tools between transvenous extraction of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads: Insight from single high-volume center experience. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:1382-1392. [PMID: 38725252 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reports of comparison with procedural outcomes for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker (PM) transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are old and limited. We sought to compare the safety, efficacy, and procedural properties of ICD and PM TLE and assess the impact of lead age. METHODS The study cohort included all consecutive patients with ICD and PM TLE in the Cleveland Clinic Prospective TLE Registry between 2013 and 2022. Extraction success, complications, and failure employed the definitions described in the HRS 2017 TLE guidelines. RESULTS A total of 885 ICD leads, a median implant duration of 8 (5-11) years in 810 patients, and 1352 PM leads of 7 (3-13) years in 807 patients were included. Procedural success rates in ICD patients were superior to those of PM in >20 years leads but similar in ≤20 years leads. In the PM group, the complete success rate of TLE decreased significantly according to the increase of lead age, but not in the ICD group. ICD TLE required more extraction tools compared with PM TLE but cases with older leads required non-laser sheath extraction tools in both groups. The most common injury site in major complication cases differed between ICD and PM TLE, although major complication rates showed no difference in both groups (2.7% vs. 1.6%, p = .12). CONCLUSION The procedural success rate by TLE is greater for ICD patients than PM patients with leads >20 years old but requires more extraction tools. Common vascular complication sites and the impact of lead age on procedural outcomes and required tools differed between ICD and PM TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Callahan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Baranowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David O Martin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shady Nakhla
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chadi Tabaja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aritra Paul
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Schipmann LC, Moeller V, Krimnitz J, Bannehr M, Kramer TS, Haase-Fielitz A, Butter C. Outcome and microbiological findings of patients with cardiac implantable electronic device infection. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:626-639. [PMID: 38512486 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are a multifactorial disease that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyze patient-, disease- and treatment-related characteristics including microbiological and bacterial spectrum according to survival status and to identify risk factors for 1- and 3-year mortality in patients with local and systemic CIED infection. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from patients with CIED-related local or systemic infection undergoing successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Survival status as well as incidence and cause of rehospitalization were recorded. Microbiology and antibiotics used as first-line therapy were compared according to mortality. Independent risk factors for 1- and 3-year mortality were determined. RESULTS Data from 243 Patients were analyzed. In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Mortality rates at 30 days, 1- and 3 years were 4.1%, 18.1% and 30%, respectively. Seventy-four (30.5%) patients had systemic bacterial infection. Independent risk factors for 1-year mortality included age (OR 1.05 [1.01-1.10], p = 0.014), NT-proBNP at admission (OR 4.18 [1.81-9.65], p = 0.001), new onset or worsened tricuspid regurgitation after TLE (OR 6.04 [1.58-23.02], p = 0.009), and systemic infection (OR 2.76 [1.08-7.03], p = 0.034), whereas systemic infection was no longer an independent risk factor for 3-year mortality. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 18.1% of patients who survived and in 25% of those who died, p = 0.092. There was a high proportion of methicillin-resistant strains among coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.5%) compared to Staphylococcus aureus (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Staphylococci are the most common causative germs of CIED-infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci showing higher resistance rates to antibiotics. The independent risk factors for increased long-term mortality could contribute to individual risk stratification and well-founded treatment decisions in clinical routine. Especially the role of tricuspid regurgitation as a complication after TLE should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Schipmann
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Nephrology and Diabetology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, University of Bielefeld, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Viviane Moeller
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Krimnitz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Marwin Bannehr
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Siegfried Kramer
- LADR MVZ GmbH Neuruppin, Zur Mesche 20, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
- LADR Zentrallabor Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anja Haase-Fielitz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health System Research, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
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Igbinomwanhia E, Jiwani S, Karim S, Pimentel R. Case Series and Review of Literature for Superior Vena Cava Injury During Laser Lead Extraction. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:117-124. [PMID: 38749629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Transvenous laser lead extraction poses a risk of major complications (0.19%-1.8%), notably injury to the superior vena cava (SVC) in 0.19% to 0.96% of cases. Various factors contribute to SVC injury, which can be categorized as patient-related (such as female gender, low body mass index, diabetes, renal problems, anemia, and reduced ejection fraction), device-related (including the number, dwell time, and type of leads), or procedural-related (such as reason for extraction, venous obstructions, and bilateral lead placements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Efehi Igbinomwanhia
- Heart and Vascular Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
| | - Sania Jiwani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mailstop 4023, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Saima Karim
- Heart and Vascular Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Rhea Pimentel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mailstop 4023, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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6
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Alkalbani M, Luu V, Arshad A. Challenge Accepted: Lead Extraction in a Patient with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Right Superior Vena Cava Occlusion. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:133-138. [PMID: 38749631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is an anatomic variant that is relatively uncommon in the general population. Lead extraction through PLSVC is extremely rare. Due to unusual anatomy, the procedure carries challenges that require special considerations and careful planning. The authors report a case of lead extraction through a PLSVC with occluded right superior vena cava and highlight the challenges and outcomes of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Alkalbani
- Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
| | - Victoria Luu
- Carient Heart and Vascular, 8100 Ashton Avenue, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Aysha Arshad
- Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Carient Heart and Vascular, 8100 Ashton Avenue, Suite 200, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
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Shanafelt C, Middour TG, Ibrahim R, Leal M, Lloyd MS, Shah AD, Westerman SB, El-Chami MF, Merchant FM, Bhatia NK. Outcomes of tricuspid regurgitation after lead extraction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:929-938. [PMID: 38450808 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transvenous leads have been implicated in tricuspid valve (TV) dysfunction, but limited data are available regarding the effect of extracting leads across the TV on valve regurgitation. The aim of this study is to quantify tricuspid regurgitation (TR) before and after lead extraction and identify predictors of worsening TR. METHODS We studied 321 patients who had echocardiographic data before and after lead extraction. TR was graded on a scale (0 = none/trivial, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe). A change of >1 grade following extraction was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 321 patients underwent extraction of a total of 338 leads across the TV (1.05 ± 0.31 leads across the TV per patient). There was no significant difference on average TR grade pre- and postextraction (1.18 ± 0.91 vs. 1.15 ± 0.87; p = 0.79). TR severity increased after extraction in 84 patients, but was classified as significantly worse (i.e., >1 grade change in severity) in only 8 patients (2.5%). Use of laser lead extraction was associated with a higher rate of worsening TR postextraction (44.0% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In our single-center analysis, extraction of leads across the TV did not significantly affect the extent of TR in most patients. Laser lead extraction was associated with a higher rate of worsening TR after extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby Shanafelt
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas G Middour
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rand Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miguel Leal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael S Lloyd
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anand D Shah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stacy B Westerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mikhael F El-Chami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Faisal M Merchant
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Neal K Bhatia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lipšic E, Daniëls F, Groenveld HF, Rienstra M, Maass AH. When and how to perform venoplasty for lead placement. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02522-0. [PMID: 38692339 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Because of the increasing use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) with one or more intracardiac electrodes, the rate of lead failure is increasing. Moreover, upgrade of the CIED frequently is indicated for cardiac resynchronization therapy or other reasons. Both these situations require a new intervention, preferably using ipsilateral venous access. However, venous obstruction after CIED insertion occurs in 10%-20% of patients and poses a major obstacle for implantation of additional leads. Possible solutions include lead extraction, contralateral lead insertion, and venoplasty. Preprocedural venoplasty is associated with the lowest short- and long-term risks. Here we describe a step-by-step approach to this technique, which can be introduced and safely performed in most interventional catheterization laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lipšic
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fenna Daniëls
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel F Groenveld
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chesdachai S, Esquer Garrigos Z, DeSimone CV, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Infective Endocarditis Involving Implanted Cardiac Electronic Devices: JACC Focus Seminar 1/4. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:1326-1337. [PMID: 38569763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device-related infective endocarditis (CIED-IE) encompasses a range of clinical syndromes, including valvular, device lead, and bloodstream infections. However, accurately diagnosing CIED-IE remains challenging owing in part to diverse clinical presentations, lack of standardized definition, and variations in guideline recommendations. Furthermore, current diagnostic modalities, such as transesophageal echocardiography and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography have limited sensitivity and specificity, further contributing to diagnostic uncertainty. This can potentially result in complications and unnecessary costs associated with inappropriate device extraction. Six hypothetical clinical cases that exemplify the diverse manifestations of CIED-IE are addressed herein. Through these cases, we highlight the importance of optimizing diagnostic accuracy and stewardship, understanding different pathogen-specific risks for bloodstream infections, guiding appropriate device extraction, and preventing CIED-IE, all while addressing key knowledge gaps. This review both informs clinicians and underscores crucial areas for future investigation, thereby shedding light on this complex and challenging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Zerelda Esquer Garrigos
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Gładysz-Wańha S, Joniec M, Wańha W, Piłat E, Drzewiecka A, Gardas R, Biernat J, Węglarzy A, Gołba KS. Transvenous lead extraction safety and efficacy in infected and noninfected patients using mechanical-only tools: Prospective registry from a high-volume center. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:427-435. [PMID: 38157921 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is a well-established treatment option for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) complications. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TLE in CIED infection and non-CIED infection patients. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent TLE between 2016 and 2022 entered the EXTRACT Registry. Models of prediction were constructed for periprocedural clinical and procedural success and the incidence of major complications, including death in 30 days. RESULTS The registry enrolled 504 patients (mean age 66.6 ± 12.8 years; 65.7% male). Complete procedural success was achieved in 474 patients (94.0%) and clinical success in 492 patients (97.6%). The total number of major and minor complications was 16 (3.2%) and 51 (10%), respectively. Three patients (0.6%) died during the procedure. New York Heart Association functional class IV and C-reactive protein levels defined before the procedure were independent predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days in CIED infection patients. The time since the last preceding procedure and platelet count before the procedure were independent predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days in non-CIED infection patients. CONCLUSIONS TLE is safe and successfully performed in most patients, with a low major complication rate. CIED infection patients demonstrate better periprocedural clinical success and complete procedural success. However, CIED infection predicts higher 30-day mortality compared with non-CIED infection patients. Predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days, differ between CIED infection and non-CIED infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Gładysz-Wańha
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Joniec
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wańha
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Piłat
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Drzewiecka
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Gardas
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Biernat
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Węglarzy
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care with Cardiac Supervision, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof S Gołba
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Talaei F, Ang QX, Tan MC, Hassan M, Scott L, Cha YM, Lee JZ, Tamirisa K. Impact of infective versus sterile transvenous lead removal on 30-day outcomes in cardiac implantable electronic devices. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01775-1. [PMID: 38459202 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead removal (TLR) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study sought to evaluate the impact of TLR on in-hospital mortality and outcomes in patients with and without CIED infection. METHODS From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, we utilized the nationally representative, all-payer, Nationwide Readmissions Database to assess patients who underwent TLR. We categorized TLR as indicated for infection, if the patient had a diagnosis of bacteremia, sepsis, or endocarditis during the initial admission. Conversely, if none of these conditions were present, TLR was considered sterile. The impact of infective vs sterile indications of TLR on mortality and major adverse events was studied. RESULTS Out of the total 25,144 patients who underwent TLR, 14,030 (55.8%) received TLR based on sterile indications, while 11,114 (44.2%) received TLR due to device infection, with 40.5% having systemic infection and 59.5% having isolated pocket infection. TLR due to infective indications was associated with a significant in-hospital mortality (5.59% vs 1.13%; OR = 5.16; 95% CI 4.33-6.16; p < 0.001). Moreover, when compared with sterile indications, TLR performed due to device infection was associated with a considerable risk of thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism and stroke (OR = 3.80; 95% CI 3.23-4.47, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the conversion to open heart surgery (1.72% vs. 1.47%, p < 0.111), and infection was not an independent predictor of cardiac (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.97-1.29) or vascular complications (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.73-1.72) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher in-hospital mortality and rates of thromboembolic events associated with TLR resulting from infective indications may warrant further pursuing this diagnosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Talaei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health System and Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Qi-Xuan Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sparrow Health System and Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Min-Choon Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mustafa Hassan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, McLaren Health System and Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Luis Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Justin Z Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kamala Tamirisa
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin and Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Bakar SN, Fam NP. Which lesions are not amenable to tricuspid clipping? Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:79-85. [PMID: 38116841 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) has emerged as a well tolerated and effective therapeutic option for many patients with symptomatic severe tricuspid regurgitation at prohibitive surgical risk. However, there remain several important limitations to clip-based technology in the context of other rapidly emerging percutaneous treatment options for tricuspid regurgitation. RECENT FINDINGS Tricuspid lesions pose unique challenges to treatment with the current toolbox of transcatheter clip-based technologies. This review will explore key issues related to patient factors, anatomical factors, and imaging factors that may render lesions to be unsuitable for treatment with T-TEER. SUMMARY Selection for T-TEER must include a detailed clinical evaluation in the context of a 'heart team' approach involving multiple subspecialists, with screening for patient/lesion characteristics that make T-TEER suboptimal with current clip-based technologies. Future directions for research include patient-specific 3D modeling techniques, leaflet grasping techniques, clip deployment strategies, and personalized device sizing to increase the spectrum of lesions that may be treated with T-TEER within the context of other emerging transcatheter treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrukh N Bakar
- Structural Heart Program, Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Borges-Rosa J, Oliveira-Santos M, Silva R, Elvas L, Ferreira MJ, Gonçalves L. 18F-FDG PET-CT for diagnosing cutaneous fistulas secondary to retained lead fragments: A rare and challenging complication after pacemaker extraction. J Nucl Cardiol 2024:101794. [PMID: 38190936 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- João Borges-Rosa
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Oliveira-Santos
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Silva
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Elvas
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ferreira
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Jacheć W, Nowosielecka D, Ziaja B, Polewczyk A, Kutarski A. LECOM (Lead Extraction COMplexity): A New Scoring System for Predicting a Difficult Procedure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7568. [PMID: 38137637 PMCID: PMC10743865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) can become far more complex when unanticipated difficulties arise. The aim was to develop a simple scoring system that allows for the prediction of the difficulty and complexity of this significant procedure. (2) Methods: Based on analysis of 3741 TLE procedures with and without complicating factors (extended fluoroscopy time, need for second-line instruments, and advanced techniques and instruments), a five-point Complex Indicator of Difficulty of (TLE) Procedure (CID-TLEP) scale was developed. Two or more points on the CID-TLEP scale indicate a higher level of procedure complexity. (3) Results: Patient age below 51 years at first CIED implantation, number of abandoned leads, number of previous procedures, passive fixation and multiple leads to be extracted, and a ratio of dwell time of oldest lead to patient age during TLE of >0.13 are significant predictors of higher levels of lead extraction complexity. The ROC analysis demonstrates that a point total (being the sum of the odds ratios of the above variables) of >9.697 indicates a 21.83% higher probability of complex TLE (sensitivity 74.08%, specificity 74.46%). Finally, a logistic function was calculated, and we constructed a simple equation for lead extraction complexity that can predict the probability of a difficult procedure. The risk of complex extraction (as a percentage) is calculated as [1/(1 + 55.34 · 0.754X)] · 100 (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The LECOM score can effectively predict the risk of a difficult transvenous lead extraction procedure, and predicting the probability of a more complex procedure may help clinicians in planning lead removal and improving patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Bettina Ziaja
- Department of Cardiology, Specialist Hospital, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Center of Cardiology, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Hayashi K, Callahan T, Rickard J, Younis A, Baranowski B, Martin D, Nakhla S, Tabaja C, Wilkoff BL. Extraction outcomes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads vary by manufacturer and model family. Europace 2023; 25:euad345. [PMID: 38000893 PMCID: PMC10751850 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads is considered challenging. The structure of each ICD leads is variable between manufacturer and model families. The net impact of lead family on the safety and effectiveness of TLE is poorly characterized. We assessed the safety and efficacy of ICD TLE and the impact of manufacturer ICD model family on the outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS The study cohort included all consecutive patients with ICD who underwent TLE between 2013 and 2022 and are enrolled in the Cleveland Clinic Prospective TLE Registry. A total of 885 ICD leads (median implant duration 8 years) in 810 patients were included. Complete ICD TLE success was achieved in 97.2% of the leads (n = 860) and in 98.0% of the patients (n = 794). Major complications occurred in 22 patients (2.7%). Complete procedural success rate varied by manufacturer and lead family; Medtronic 98.9%, Abbott 95.9%, Boston Scientific 95.0%, Biotronik 91.2%, P = 0.03, and Linox family leads had the lowest, 89.7% P = 0.02. Multivariable predictors of incomplete ICD lead removal included ICD lead age > 10 years and Linox family lead. Multivariable predictors of major complications included ICD lead age > 15 years and longer lead extraction time, and predictors of all-cause mortality within 30 days included lead extraction for infection, end-stage renal disease, and higher New York Heart Association functional class. CONCLUSION Complete and safe ICD lead removal rate by TLE is extremely high but varied by manufacturer and lead family. Linox family lead and >10 years lead age were independent predictors of incomplete lead removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Hayashi
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Callahan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - John Rickard
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Arwa Younis
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bryan Baranowski
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David Martin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shady Nakhla
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chadi Tabaja
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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16
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Baskovski E, Candemir B, Altin AT, Akyurek O, Gulyigit H, Ozerdem E, Tan Kurklu TS, Kozluca V. Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing add-on pacing/sensing lead vs. ICD lead implantation for failed IS-1/DF-1 ICD leads: a single centre experience. Acta Cardiol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 38032259 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2285550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracardiac defibrillator/cardioverter (ICD) is a cornerstone device for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Lead failure (LF) is one of the most important long-term complications. In this study, we sought to investigate mid-to-long term clinical, device and lead characteristics of patients who have undergone pacing sensing lead (PSL) implantation for an ICD LF and compare them to the patients who have undergone a new ICD lead implantation. METHODS In this retrospective, single centre, case-control study, we have screened all ICD patients presenting with LF. Patients with IS-1/DF-1 ICD leads with intact high-voltage conductor were included in the study group, while other patients were included in the control arm. Study group patients underwent PSL implantation, control group patients underwent ICD lead implantation. RESULTS Thirty patients were included in each arm of the study. The mean duration of follow-up after intervention was similar in both groups (47.6 months ± 20.4 vs. 46.1 months ± 25.7, p = .808). The total failure rate was not different between two groups (p = .640). Rate of high-voltage conductor disfunction was also similar between two arms: 1 (3.3%) in PSL arm and 0 in control arm (p = .303). CONCLUSIONS Addition of a PSL for IS-1/DF-1 ICD LF with normal high-voltage conductor measurements is a viable treatment option with similar long-term results to addition of a new ICD lead. This approach is potentially less costly, technically less demanding, and, in case of concomitant extraction procedure, associated with less acute complication risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Baskovski
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Candemir
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Omer Akyurek
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Gulyigit
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Ozerdem
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Volkan Kozluca
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Akhtar Z, Kontogiannis C, Georgiopoulos G, Starck CT, Leung LWM, Lee SY, Lee BK, Seshasai SRK, Sohal M, Gallagher MM. Comparison of non-laser and laser transvenous lead extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 2023; 25:euad316. [PMID: 37882609 PMCID: PMC10638006 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is performed using non-laser and laser techniques with overall high efficacy and safety. Variation in outcomes between the two approaches does exist with limited comparative evidence in the literature. We sought to compare non-laser and laser TLE in a meta-analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CENTRAL databases for TLE studies published between 1991 and 2021. From the included 68 studies, safety and efficacy data were carefully evaluated and extracted. Aggregated cases of outcomes were used to calculate odds ratio (OR), and pooled rates were synthesized from eligible studies to compare non-laser and laser techniques. Subgroup comparison of rotational tool and laser extraction was also performed. Non-laser in comparison with laser had lower procedural mortality (pooled rate 0% vs. 0.1%, P < 0.01), major complications (pooled rate 0.7% vs. 1.7%, P < 0.01), and superior vena cava (SVC) injury (pooled rate 0% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.001), with higher complete success (pooled rate 96.5% vs. 93.8%, P < 0.01). Non-laser comparatively to laser was more likely to achieve clinical [OR 2.16 (1.77-2.63), P < 0.01] and complete [OR 1.87 (1.69-2.08), P < 0.01] success, with a lower procedural mortality risk [OR 1.6 (1.02-2.5), P < 0.05]. In the subgroup analysis, rotational tool compared with laser achieved greater complete success (pooled rate 97.4% vs. 95%, P < 0.01) with lower SVC injury (pooled rate 0% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Non-laser TLE is associated with a better safety and efficacy profile when compared with laser methods. There is a greater risk of SVC injury associated with laser sheath extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Akhtar
- Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph T Starck
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa W M Leung
- Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sun Y Lee
- Department of Medicine, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, USA
| | - Byron K Lee
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Manav Sohal
- Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark M Gallagher
- Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Morton MB, Mariani JA, Kistler PM, Patel H, Voskoboinik A. Transvenous versus subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators in young cardiac arrest survivors. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1956-1962. [PMID: 37929818 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are indicated in young patients presenting with aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD) because of ventricular arrhythmias. Transvenous-ICDs (TV-ICDs) are effective, established therapies supported by evidence. The significant morbidity associated with transvenous leads led to the development of the newer subcutaneous-ICD (S-ICD). This review discusses the clinical considerations when selecting an ICD for the young patient presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The major benefits of TV-ICDs are their ability to pace (antitachycardia pacing [ATP], bradycardia support and cardiac resynchronisation therapy [CRT]) and the robust evidence base supporting their use. Other benefits include a longer battery life. Significant complications associated with transvenous leads include pneumothorax and tamponade during insertion and infection and lead failure in the long term. Comparatively, S-ICDs, by virtue of having no intravascular leads, prevent these complications. S-ICDs have been associated with a higher incidence of inappropriate shocks. Patients with an indication for bradycardia pacing, CRT or ATP (documented ventricular tachycardia) are seen as unsuitable for a S-ICD. If venous access is unsuitable or undesirable, S-ICDs should be considered given the patient is appropriately screened. There is a need for further randomised controlled trials to directly compare the two devices. TV-ICDs are an effective therapy for preventing SCD limited by significant lead-related complications. S-ICDs are an important development hindered largely by an inability to pace. Young patients stand to gain the most from a S-ICD as the cumulative risk of lead-related complications is high. A clinical framework to aid decision-making is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Morton
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin A Mariani
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hitesh Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandr Voskoboinik
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Segreti L, Bongiorni MG, Barletta V, Parollo M, Di Cori A, Fiorentini F, Giannotti Santoro M, De Lucia R, Viani S, Grifoni G, Paperini L, Sodati E, Mazzocchetti L, Canu AM, Zucchelli G. Transvenous lead extraction: Efficacy and safety of the procedure in female patients. Heart Rhythm O2 2023; 4:625-631. [PMID: 37936665 PMCID: PMC10626182 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing data on the impact of sex differences on transvenous lead extraction (TLE) outcomes in cardiac device patients are limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical TLE in female patients. Methods A retrospective evaluation was performed on 3051 TLE patients (group 1: female; group 2: male) from a single tertiary referral center. All individuals received treatment using single sheath mechanical dilation and various venous approaches as required. Results Our analysis included 3051 patients (group 1: 750; group 2: 2301), with a total of 5515 leads handled with removal. Female patients were younger, had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction, and lower prevalences of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Infection was more common in male patients, whereas lead malfunction or abandonment were more frequent in female patients. Radiologic success was lower in female patients (95.8% vs 97.5%; P = .003), but there was no significant difference in clinical success between groups (97.2% vs 97.5%; P = .872). However, major complications (1.33% vs 0.60%; P <.001) and procedural mortality (0.4% vs 0.1%; P <.001) were higher in females compared to male patients. After multivariate analysis, female sex emerged as the only predictor of major complications, including deaths (odds ratio 3.96; 95% confidence interval 1.39-11.24). Conclusion TLE using unpowered simple mechanical sheaths in female patients is safe and effective, but is associated with lower radiologic success and higher complication rates and mortality than in males. This finding underscores the importance of recognizing sex differences in TLE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Segreti
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Barletta
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Parollo
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cori
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Fiorentini
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Giannotti Santoro
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Lucia
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Viani
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Grifoni
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Paperini
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ezio Sodati
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mazzocchetti
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Canu
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Zucchelli
- Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Khurana S, Das S, Frishman WH, Aronow WS, Frenkel D. Lead Extraction-Indications, Procedure, and Future Directions. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00152. [PMID: 37729602 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation has steadily increased in the United States owing to increased life expectancy, better access to health care, and the adoption of updated guidelines. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an invasive technique for the removal of CIED devices, and the most common indications include device infections, lead failures, and venous occlusion. Although in-hospital and procedure-related deaths for patients undergoing TLE are low, the long-term mortality remains high with 10-year survival reported close to 50% after TLE. This is likely demonstrative of the increased burden of comorbidities with aging. There are guidelines provided by various professional societies, including the Heart Rhythm Society, regarding indications for lead extraction and management of these patients. In this paper, we will review the indications for CIED extraction, procedural considerations, and management of these patients based upon the latest guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Khurana
- From the Department of Internal medicine, MedStar Union Memorial hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Subrat Das
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Daniel Frenkel
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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21
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Celikyurt U, Acar B, Torun A, Karakullukcu M, Cakir O, Baris O, Vural A, Agacdiken A. Radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction of transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads: a single-center experience. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2023; 66:1341-1347. [PMID: 35751717 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraction of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads could be a difficult procedure due to fibrous tissue around the lead and anatomical variations. In this report, we present our experience in the radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction (SMT) in patients with dual-coil ICD requiring lead extraction (LE). METHODS Between January 2017 and February 2021, 103 leads were removed in 65 consecutive patients; 65 (63.1%) were dual-coil ICD leads, 22 (21.4%) were atrial, and 16 (15.5%) were coronary sinus leads. Patient-based and procedural data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and procedural characteristics were compared and radiographic predictors of failure of SMT of ICD leads were assessed. Projected anteroposterior (AP) lead tortuosity was measured and lead slack score was estimated on chest X-ray (CXR). RESULTS Simple manual traction failed in 27 (42%) of the ICD leads. Ottawa slack score (odds ratio [OR] 2.368, 95% CI [1.261-4.447]; P = 0.007), AP lead tortuosity > 1.10 (OR 7.477, 95% CI [1.718-35.542]; P = 0.007), and number of previous interventions (OR 6.016, 95% CI [1.184-30.557]; P < 0.030) were found to be independently related to the failure of SMT. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an AP lead tortuosity cutoff value of > 1.10 for predicting the failure of SMT. The area under the curve was 0.744; the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.617 to 0.871 (P = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 73%. CONCLUSION Simple manual traction success in our study varied based on radiographic lead-related parameters. Before planning the procedure, increased AP lead tortuosity in vasculature and higher lead slack score can be easily determined on CXR and may be associated with more fibrous adherences, the complexity of the LE, and failure of SMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Celikyurt
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Burak Acar
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Akin Torun
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Muzeyyen Karakullukcu
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cakir
- Department of Radiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Baris
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Vural
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aysen Agacdiken
- Arrhythmia, Electrophysiology, Pacemaker Research and Management Center, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, İzmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Khalil M, Maqsood MH, Maraey A, Elzanaty A, Saeyeldin A, Ong K, Barbhaiya CR, Chinitz LA, Bernstein S, Shokr M. Sex differences in outcomes of transvenous lead extraction: insights from National Readmission Database. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2023; 66:1375-1382. [PMID: 36445605 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing use of implantable cardiac devices, the need for transvenous lead extraction has increased, which translates to increased procedural volumes. Sex differences in lead extraction outcomes are not well studied. OBJECTIVE The present study aims at evaluating the impact of sex on outcomes of lead extraction. METHODS We identified 71,754 patients who presented between 2016 and 2019 and underwent transvenous lead extraction. Their clinical data were retrospectively accrued from the National Readmission Database (NRD) using the corresponding diagnosis codes. We compared clinical outcomes between male and female patients. Odds ratios (ORs) for the primary and secondary outcomes were calculated, and multivariable regression analysis was utilized to adjust for confounding variables. RESULTS Compared to male patients, female patients had higher in-hospital complications including pneumothorax (OR 1.26, 95% CI (1.07-1.4), P < 0.01), hemopericardium (OR 1.39, 95% CI (1.02-1.88), P = 0.036), injury to superior vena cava and innominate vein requiring repair (OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.14-3.1), P = 0.014; OR 3.4, 95% CI (1.8-6.5), P < 0.01), need for blood transfusion (OR 1.28, 95% CI (1.18-1.38), P < 0.01), and pericardiocentesis (OR 1.6, 95% CI (1.3-2), P < 0.01). Thirty-day readmission was also significantly higher in female patients (OR 1.09, 95% CI (1.02-1.17), P < 0.01). There was no significant difference regarding in-hospital mortality (OR 0.99, 95% CI (0.87-1.14), P = 0.95). CONCLUSION In female patients, lead extraction is associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher 30-day readmission rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalil
- Internal Medicine Department, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Maraey
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHI St. Alexius Health/University of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Ahmed Elzanaty
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ayman Saeyeldin
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Ong
- Cardiovascular Department, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chirag R Barbhaiya
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Larry A Chinitz
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Scott Bernstein
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Shokr
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Northern Light Cardiology, EMMC Heart Care, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA
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23
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Mehta VS, Wijesuriya N, DeVere F, Howell S, Elliott MK, Mannakarra N, Hamakarim T, Niederer S, Razavi R, Rinaldi CA. Long-term survival following transvenous lead extraction: unpicking differences according to sex. Europace 2023; 25:euad214. [PMID: 37466333 PMCID: PMC10410196 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Female sex is a recognized risk factor for procedure-related major complications including in-hospital mortality following transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Long-term outcomes following TLE stratified by sex are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors influencing long-term survival in patients undergoing TLE according to sex. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical data from consecutive patients undergoing TLE in the reference centre between 2000 and 2019 were prospectively collected. The total cohort was divided into groups based on sex. We evaluated the association of demographic, clinical, device-related, and procedure-related factors on long-term mortality. A total of 1151 patients were included, with mean 66-month follow-up and mortality of 34.2% (n = 392). The majority of patients were male (n = 834, 72.4%) and 312 (37.4%) died. Males were more likely to die on follow-up [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58 (1.23-2.02), P < 0.001]. Males had a higher mean age at explant (66.2 ± 13.9 vs. 61.3 ± 16.3 years, P < 0.001), greater mean co-morbidity burden (2.14 vs. 1.27, P < 0.001), and lower mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (43.4 ± 14.0 vs. 50.8 ± 12.7, P = 0.001). For the female cohort, age > 75 years [HR = 3.45 (1.99-5.96), P < 0.001], estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 [HR = 1.80 (1.03-3.11), P = 0.037], increasing co-morbidities (HR = 1.29 (1.06-1.56), P = 0.011), and LVEF per percentage increase [HR = 0.97 (0.95-0.99), P = 0.005] were all significant factors predicting mortality. The same factors influenced mortality in the male cohort; however, the HRs were lower. CONCLUSION Female patients undergoing TLE have more favourable long-term outcomes than males with lower long-term mortality. Similar factors influenced mortality in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Mehta
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nadeev Wijesuriya
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Felicity DeVere
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sandra Howell
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark K Elliott
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nilanka Mannakarra
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tatiana Hamakarim
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, 4th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK
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24
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Okada T, Morita J, Kasai Y, Kitai T, Fujita T. Usefulness of "heart-shaped sign" during "spaghetti twisting" technique in transvenous lead extraction. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:627-629. [PMID: 37560273 PMCID: PMC10407192 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okada
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Sapporo Heart CenterSapporo Cardiovascular ClinicSapporoJapan
| | - Junji Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Sapporo Heart CenterSapporo Cardiovascular ClinicSapporoJapan
| | - Yuhei Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Sapporo Heart CenterSapporo Cardiovascular ClinicSapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Kitai
- Department of Cardiology, Sapporo Heart CenterSapporo Cardiovascular ClinicSapporoJapan
| | - Tsutomu Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Sapporo Heart CenterSapporo Cardiovascular ClinicSapporoJapan
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25
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Chung DU, Burger H, Kaiser L, Osswald B, Bärsch V, Nägele H, Knaut M, Reichenspurner H, Gessler N, Willems S, Butter C, Pecha S, Hakmi S. Transvenous lead extraction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: A comprehensive outcome-and risk factor analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:815-823. [PMID: 37461858 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device complications, such as infection or lead dysfunction necessitating transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are continuously rising amongst patients with transvenous implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was to characterize the procedural outcome and risk-factors of patients with indwelling 1- and 2-chamber ICD undergoing TLE. METHODS We conducted a subgroup analysis of all ICD patients in the GALLERY (GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY) database. Predictors for procedural failure and all-cause mortality were assessed. RESULTS We identified 842 patients with an ICD undergoing TLE with the mean age of 62.8 ± 13.8 years. A total number of 1610 leads were treated with lead dysfunction (48.5%) as leading indication for extraction, followed by device-related infection (45.4%). Lead-per-patient ratio was 1.91 ± 0.88 and 60.0% of patients had dual-coil defibrillator leads. Additional extraction tools, such as mechanical rotating dilator sheaths and snares were utilized in 6.5% of cases. Overall procedural complications occurred in 4.3% with 2.0% major complications and a procedure-related mortality of 0.8%. Clinical success rate was 97.9%. All-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with sepsis being the leading cause for mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed lead-age ≥10 years (OR:5.82, 95%CI:2.1-16.6; p = .001) as independent predictor for procedural failure. Systemic infection (OR:9.57, 95%CI:2.2-42.4; p < .001) and procedural complications (OR:8.0, 95%CI:2.8-23.3; p < .001) were identified as risk factors for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS TLE is safe and efficacious in patients with 1- and 2-chamber ICD. Although lead dysfunction is the leading indication for extraction, systemic device-related infection is the main driver of all-cause mortality for ICD patients undergoing TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Un Chung
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Burger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Kaiser
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Osswald
- Division of Electrophysiological Surgery, Johanniter-Hospital Duisburg-Rheinhausen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Volker Bärsch
- Department of Cardiology, St. Marien Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany
| | - Herbert Nägele
- Department for Cardiac Insufficiency and Device Therapy, Albertinen-Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Knaut
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele Gessler
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Simon Pecha
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samer Hakmi
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Togashi S, Isawa T, Honda T, Furuya K, Yamaya K, Taguri M, Toyoda S. Regional Disparities in Transvenous Lead Extraction for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Japan - A Descriptive Study Using the National Database Open Data. Circ J 2023; 87:1000-1006. [PMID: 37197942 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the penetration of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection has not been investigated in Japan, we conducted a population-based, retrospective, descriptive study to evaluate regional disparities in the use of TLE for CIED infection and the potential undertreatment of CIED infection using a nationwide insurance claims database.Methods and Results: Patients who underwent CIED implantation or generator exchange and TLE between April 2018 and March 2020 were identified. Moreover, the penetration ratio of TLE for CIED infection in each prefecture was estimated. CIED implantation and TLE were most prevalent in the age categories of 80-89 years (40.3%) and 80-89 years (36.9%), respectively. There was no correlation between the number of CIED implantations and that of TLE (rho=-0.087, 95% confidence interval -0.374 to 0.211, P=0.56). The median penetration ratio was 0.00 (interquartile range 0.00-1.29). Of the 47 prefectures, 6, comprising Okinawa, Miyagi, Okayama, Fukuoka, Tokyo, and Osaka, showed a penetration ratio ≥2.00. CONCLUSIONS Our study data indicated great regional disparities in the penetration of TLE and potential undertreatment of CIED infection in Japan. Additional measures are needed to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Togashi
- Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health
- Department of Nursing Care, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | | | - Taku Honda
- Department of Cardiology, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | - Kenichi Furuya
- Department of Medical Technology, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | | | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University
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27
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Khetarpal BK, Javaid A, Lee JZ, Kusumoto F, Mulpuru SK, Sorajja D, Cha Y, Srivathsan K. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator noise following left ventricular assist device implantation. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:198-206. [PMID: 37021015 PMCID: PMC10068942 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence and impact of noise in a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is not well established. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients implanted with LVAD and with a pre-existing S-ICD between January 2005 and December 2020 at the three Mayo Clinic centers (Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida). Results Of the 908 LVAD patients, a pre-existing S-ICD was present in 9 patients (mean age 49.1 ± 13.7 years, 66.7% males), 100% with Boston Scientific third-generation EMBLEM MRI S-ICD, 11% with HeartMate II (HM II), 44% with HeartMate 3 (HM 3), and 44% with HeartWare (HW) LVAD. The incidence of noise from LVAD-related electromagnetic interference (EMI) was 33% and was only seen with HM 3 LVAD. Multiple measures attempted to resolve noise, including using alternative S-ICD sensing vector, adjusting S-ICD time zone, and increasing LVAD pump speed, were unsuccessful, necessitating S-ICD device therapies to be turned off permanently. Conclusions The incidence of LVAD-related S-ICD noise is high in patients with concomitant LVAD and S-ICD with significant impact on device function. As conservative management failed to resolve the EMI, the S-ICDs had to be programmed off to avoid inappropriate shocks. This study highlights the importance of awareness of LVAD-SICD device interference and the need to improve S-ICD detection algorithms to eliminate noise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awad Javaid
- Cardiovascular DepartmentKirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLVNevadaUSA
| | - Justin Z. Lee
- Cardiovascular DepartmentMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Fred Kusumoto
- Cardiovascular DepartmentMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Dan Sorajja
- Cardiovascular DepartmentMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Yong‐Mei Cha
- Cardiovascular DepartmentMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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28
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Caughron H, Bowman H, Raitt MH, Whooley MA, Tarasovsky G, Shen H, Matheny ME, Selzman KA, Wang L, Major J, Odobasic H, Dhruva SS. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead safety: Harnessing real-world remote monitoring data for medical device evaluation. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:512-519. [PMID: 36586706 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods to identify cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead failure include postapproval studies, which may be limited in scope, participant numbers, and attrition; studies relying on administrative codes, which lack specificity; and voluntary adverse event reporting, which cannot determine incidence or attribution to the lead. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether adjudicated remote monitoring (RM) data can address these limitations and augment lead safety evaluation. METHODS Among 48,191 actively monitored patients with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device, we identified RM transmissions signifying incident lead abnormalities and, separately, identified all leads abandoned or extracted between April 1, 2019, and April 1, 2021. We queried electronic health record and Medicare fee-for-service claims data to determine whether patients had administrative codes for lead failure. We verified lead failure through manual electronic health record review. RESULTS Of the 48,191 patients, 1170 (2.4%) had incident lead abnormalities detected by RM. Of these, 409 patients had administrative codes for lead failure, and 233 of these 409 patients (57.0%) had structural lead failure verified through chart review. Of the 761 patients without administrative codes, 167 (21.9%) had structural lead failure verified through chart review. Thus, 400 patients with RM transmissions suggestive of lead abnormalities (34.2%) had structural lead failure. In addition, 200 patients without preceding abnormal RM transmissions had leads abandoned or extracted for structural failure, making the total lead failure cohort 600 patients (66.7% with RM abnormalities, 33.3% without). Patients with isolated right atrial or left ventricular lead failure were less likely to have lead replacement and administrative codes reflective of lead failure. CONCLUSION RM may strengthen real-world assessment of lead failure, particularly for leads where patients do not undergo replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Caughron
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Hilary Bowman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Merritt H Raitt
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mary A Whooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Gary Tarasovsky
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael E Matheny
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Service, Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly A Selzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline Major
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Hetal Odobasic
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sanket S Dhruva
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
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Hofer D, Kuster N, Bebié MC, Sasse T, Steffel J, Breitenstein A. Success and Complication Rates of Transvenous Lead Extraction in a Developing High-Volume Extraction Center: The Zurich Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062260. [PMID: 36983262 PMCID: PMC10051593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transvenous lead extractions are increasingly performed for malfunction or infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices, but they harvest a potential for complications and suboptimal success. Apart from multicenter registries and reports from highly experienced single centers, the outcome in individual newly developing high-volume centers starting a lead extraction program is less well established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological success and complication rate at our center, having started a lead extraction program less than a decade ago. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction at the University Hospital Zurich from 2013 to 2021 regarding success as well as complications and compared our results to previously reported outcome rates. Results: A total of 346 patients underwent 350 transvenous lead extractions from January 2013 to December 2021. Combined radiological success was achieved in 97.7% and clinical success in 96.0% of interventions. Procedure-related major complications occurred in 13 patients (3.7%). Death within 30 days after transvenous lead extractions occurred in 13 patients (3.7%), with a procedure-related mortality of 1.4% (five patients). Summary: Transvenous lead extractions in newly developing high-volume centers can be performed with high clinical and radiological success rates, but procedure-related major complications may affect a relevant number of patients. Compared to large single or multicenter registries of experienced centers, the success rate may be lower and the complication rate higher in centers newly starting with lead extraction, which may have important implications for patient selection, procedural planning, proctoring, and safety measures.
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Villegas EG, Juárez Del Río JI, Carmona JCR, Valdíris UR, Peinado ÁA, Peinado RP. Efficacy and safety of the extraction of cardiostimulation leads using a mechanical dissection tool. A single center experience. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:217-225. [PMID: 36401870 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The percutaneous extraction of endovascular cardiostimulation and defibrillation leads is the most frequent technique nowadays. The tools used today must guarantee the success of the procedure, with the minimum of complications. Our objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of lead extraction using the Evolution mechanical dissection tool (Cook Medical, USA). METHODS A retrospective study was carried out in a total of 826 consecutive patients from October 2009 to December 2018 who underwent the procedure with the Evolution mechanical dissection tool. Preoperative study included complete blood tests, echocardiogram, and chest X-ray. The procedures were performed in the operating room, under general anesthesia and echocardiographic control. RESULTS A total of 1227 leads were extracted with a mean chronicity of 10.3 ± 5.1 years. Clinical success (CS) rate was 99.7%. A total of 16 (1.9%) complications occurred, 2 (0.24%) were major complications and 14 (1.7%) were minor complications. There was no operative mortality. There was no statistically significant relationship between implant chamber and complete efficacy. The complete extraction was achieved in all left ventricular leads, in 762 of 774 (98.45%) of right ventricular lead removal, and in 330 of 334 (98.8%) of right atrial leads (p = .31). CONCLUSION In our experience, percutaneous extraction of intravenous leads via the use of the Evolution tool (Cook Medical, USA), is a very effective and safe technique that offers low morbidity and mortality.
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Anderson C, Olshansky B. The LEADR ICD lead study: Is thinner better? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:268-269. [PMID: 36378785 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Anderson
- Cardiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brian Olshansky
- Cardiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Topaz M, Chorin E, Schwartz AL, Hochstadt A, Shotan A, Ashkenazi I, Kazatsker M, Carmel NN, Topaz G, Oron Y, Margolis G, Nof E, Beinart R, Glikson M, Mazo A, Milman A, Dekel M, Banai S, Rosso R, Viskin S. Regional Antibiotic Delivery for Implanted Cardiovascular Electronic Device Infections. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:119-133. [PMID: 36631206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Present guidelines endorse complete removal of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (pacemakers/defibrillators), including extraction of all intracardiac electrodes, not only for systemic infections, but also for localized pocket infections. OBJECTIVES The authors evaluated the efficacy of delivering continuous, in situ-targeted, ultrahigh concentration of antibiotics (CITA) into the infected subcutaneous device pocket, obviating the need for device/lead extraction. METHODS The CITA group consisted of 80 patients with pocket infection who were treated with CITA during 2007-2021. Of them, 9 patients declined lead extraction because of prohibitive operative risk, and 6 patients had questionable indications for extraction. The remaining 65 patients with pocket infection, who were eligible for extraction, but opted for CITA treatment, were compared with 81 patients with pocket infection and similar characteristics who underwent device/lead extraction as primary therapy. RESULTS A total of 80 patients with pocket infection were treated with CITA during 2007-2021. CITA was curative in 85% (n = 68 of 80) of patients, who remained free of infection (median follow-up 3 years [IQR: 1.0-6.8 years]). In the case-control study of CITA vs device/lead extraction, cure rates were higher after device/lead extraction than after CITA (96.2% [n = 78 of 81] vs 84.6% [n = 55 of 65]; P = 0.027). However, rates of serious complications were also higher after extraction (n = 12 [14.8%] vs n = 1 [1.5%]; P = 0.005). All-cause 1-month and 1-year mortality were similar for CITA and device/lead extraction (0.0% vs 3.7%; P = 0.25 and 12.3% vs 13.6%; P = 1.00, respectively). Extraction was avoided in 90.8% (n = 59 of 65) of extraction-eligible patients treated with CITA. CONCLUSIONS CITA is a safe and effective alternative for patients with pocket infection who are unsuitable or unwilling to undergo extraction. (Salvage of Infected Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices [CIED] by Localized High-Dose Antibiotics; NCT01770067).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Topaz
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Emeritus Plastic Surgery Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Lorin Schwartz
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviram Hochstadt
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avraham Shotan
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel; Heart Institute, Laniado Medical Center, Netanya, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Samaria, Israel
| | | | - Mark Kazatsker
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Guy Topaz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yoram Oron
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Margolis
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Nof
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Roy Beinart
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Glikson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Mazo
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Milman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Dekel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael Rosso
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sami Viskin
- Department of Cardiology, Sourasky Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Xiao Z, He J, Du A, Yang D, An Y, Li X. Predictors for adverse events during cardiac lead extraction - Experience from a large single centre. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:167-174. [PMID: 36272572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has increased in recent years, the need for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has also steadily increased. However, the TLE procedure could lead to serious complications and even death. Clinical decision-making tools are necessary for predicting these adverse events, but the appropriate tools have not yet been developed. OBJECTIVE To explore the possible predictors and develop a clinical model to predict TLE related adverse events. METHODS All the patients who were admitted to our cardiac center for TLE from January 2014 to January 2021 were included in this study. The patient information, device baseline characteristics, procedure-related information, complications and outcomes were recorded. Independent predictors of TLE related adverse events were identified by univariate, LASSO and multivariate analysis. A nomogram for predicting these adverse events was developed based on these independent predictors. Calibration and decision curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the nomogram. RESULTS One thousand and one hundred patients were included in this study, 778 (70.7%) were male and the median age was 68 years old. A total of 2,208 leads were extracted and 2.01±0.74 leads were extracted per procedure. Fifty-five patients (5%) developed adverse events including minor complications (2.4%), major complications (2.3%) and death (0.27%). Seven independent predictors for TLE related adverse events were identified and selected to establish the nomogram including BMI, female gender, hypoalbuminemia, number of extracted leads>3, longest dwell time of the extracted leads and manual traction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the prediction model was 0.774. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram had good prediction performance. CONCLUSION TLE related adverse events are some of the key issues that concern clinicians. We have identified seven independent factors and established a predictive model that may help clinicians identify at-risk patients and create better plans for lead extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Xiao
- Intensive care unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshan He
- Cardiovascular department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Du
- Intensive care unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Cardiovascular department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhong An
- Intensive care unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuebin Li
- Cardiovascular department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Alvarez CK, Zweibel S, Stangle A, Panza G, May T, Marieb M. Anesthetic Considerations in the Electrophysiology Laboratory: A Comprehensive Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:96-111. [PMID: 36357307 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation procedures for arrhythmias or implantation and/or extraction of cardiac pacemakers can present many clinical challenges. It is imperative that there is clear communication and understanding between the anesthesiologist and electrophysiologist during the perioperative period regarding the mode of ventilation, hemodynamic considerations, and various procedural complications. This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of the anesthetic techniques and considerations for catheter ablation procedures, ventilatory modes using techniques such as high-frequency jet ventilation, and strategies such as esophageal deviation and luminal temperature monitoring to decrease the risk of esophageal injury during catheter ablation. Various hemodynamic considerations, such as the intraprocedural triaging of cardiac tamponade and fluid administration during catheter ablation, also are discussed. Finally, this review briefly highlights the early research findings on pulse-field ablation, a new and evolving ablation modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikezie K Alvarez
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT; University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.
| | - Steven Zweibel
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT
| | - Alexander Stangle
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT; University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Gregory Panza
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT; University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Thomas May
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT
| | - Mark Marieb
- Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT
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Mizuno T, Goya M, Fujiwara T, Oishi K, Takeshita M, Yashima M, Nagaoka E, Oi K, Sasano T. Surgical extraction of cardiac implantable electronic device leads based on a heart team approach. J Cardiol 2023; 81:111-116. [PMID: 36229301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cardiac implantable electronic devices, such as pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapies, have become more popular, device extraction has become more frequent. At our institution, individual treatment strategies are discussed at a heart team meeting. Transvenous lead extraction (TVLE) is a first-line treatment; however, surgical lead extraction (SLE) is sometimes selected as a primary choice to provide optimal treatment and maintain the medical safety policy. This study aimed to investigate the validity of this heart team decision-making. METHODS From 2013 to 2021, 384 consecutive patients underwent lead extraction at our institution. RESULTS SLE was proposed as the primary intervention for 21 patients who had high risk of bleeding, difficult TVLE conditions, large vegetations, and other concomitant cardiac diseases. Of the 363 TVLE patients, 10 patients required surgical intervention; 5 had TVLE difficulty followed by SLE and 5 had excessive bleeding. SLE was performed in 26 patients, 19 of whom required valve surgery, and 8 required plication of the great veins. In 4 of the 17 hybrid procedures with SLE and TVLE, excessive bleeding occurred due to laceration of the superior vena cava and innominate vein. Operative mortality was not observed in SLE patients but was observed in 1 of the 4 TVLE patients who required emergent open-chest hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS The heart team discussion was essential to provide optimal treatment and maintain medical safety policies for each patient. SLE should be selected for patients with high risk of TVLE or other cardiac complications such as tricuspid valve incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Arrhythmia Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Goya
- Arrhythmia Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Oishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takeshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Nagaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Oi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Arrhythmia Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tułecki Ł, Jacheć W, Polewczyk A, Czajkowski M, Targońska S, Tomków K, Karpeta K, Nowosielecka D, Kutarski A. Assessment of the impact of organisational model of transvenous lead extraction on the effectiveness and safety of procedure: an observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062952. [PMID: 36581437 PMCID: PMC9806044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the impact of the organisational model of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) on effectiveness and safety of procedures. DESIGN Post hoc analysis of patient data entered prospectively into a computer database. SETTING Data of all patients undergoing TLE in three centres in Poland between 2006 and 2021 were analysed. PARTICIPANTS 3462 patients including: 985 patients undergoing TLE in a hybrid room (HR), with cardiac surgeon (CS) as co-operator, under general anaesthesia (GA), with arterial line (AL) and with transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) monitoring (group 1), 68 patients-TLE in HR with CS, under GA, without TEE (group 2), 406 patients-TLE in operating theatre (OT) using 'arm-C' X-ray machine with CS under GA and with TEE (group 3), 154 patients-TLE in OT with CS under GA, without TEE (group 4), 113 patients-TLE in OT with anaesthesia team, using the 'arm-C' X-ray machine, without CS (group 5), 122 patients-TLE in electrophysiology lab (EPL), with CS under intravenous analgesia without TEE and AL (group 6), 1614 patients-TLE in EPL, without CS, under intravenous analgesia without TEE and AL (group 7). KEY OUTCOME MEASURE Effectiveness and safety of TLE depending on organisational model. RESULTS The rate of major complications (MC) was higher in OT/HR than in EPL (2.66% vs 1.38%), but all MCs were treated successfully and there was no MC-related death. The use of TEE during TLE increased probability of complete procedural succemss achieving about 1.5 times (OR=1.482; p<0.034) and were connected with reduction of minor complications occurrence (OR=0.751; p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS The most important condition to avoid death due to MC is close co-operation with cardiac surgery team, which permits for urgent rescue cardiac surgery. Continuous TEE monitoring plays predominant role in immediate decision on rescue sternotomy and improves the effectiveness of procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Tułecki
- Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital of Zamość, Zamość, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Physiology, Patophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce Collegium Medicum, Kielce, Poland
- Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce, Poland
| | | | | | - Konrad Tomków
- Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital of Zamość, Zamość, Poland
| | - Kamil Karpeta
- Cardiac Surgery, Masovian Specialistic Hospital, Radom, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital of Zamość, Zamość, Poland
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de Guzman RC, Meer AS, Mathews AA, Israel AR, Moses MT, Sams CM, Deegan DB. Reduced fibrous capsule elastic fibers from biologic ECM-enveloped CIEDs in minipigs, supported with a novel compression mechanics model. Biomed Mater Eng 2022:BME221488. [PMID: 36617774 DOI: 10.3233/bme-221488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrous capsules (Fb) in response to cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including a pacemaker (P) system, can produce patient discomfort and difficulties in revision surgery due partially to their increased compressive strength, previously linked to elevated tissue fibers. OBJECTIVE A preliminary study to quantify structural proteins, determine if biologic extracellular matrix-enveloped CIEDs (PECM) caused differential Fb properties, and to implement a realistic mechanical model. METHODS Retrieved Fb (-P and -PECM) from minipigs were subjected to biomechanical (shear oscillation and uniaxial compression) and histological (collagen I and elastin) analyses. RESULTS Fb-PECM showed significant decreases compared to Fb-P in: low strain-loss modulus (390 vs. 541 Pa) across angular frequencies, high strain-compressive elastic modulus (1043 vs. 2042 kPa), and elastic fiber content (1.92 vs. 3.15 μg/mg tissue). Decreases in elastin were particularly noted closer to the implant's surface (Fb-PECM = 71% vs. Fb-P = 143% relative to dermal elastin at mid-tangential sections) and verified with a solid mechanics hyperelasticity with direction-dependent fiber viscoelasticity compression simulation (r2 ≥ 98.9%). CONCLUSIONS The biologic envelope composed of decellularized porcine small intestine submucosa ECM for CIEDs promoted fibrous tissues with less elastic fibers. Novel compression modeling analyses directly correlated this singular reduction to more desirable subcutaneous tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roche C de Guzman
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Allison S Meer
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Aidan A Mathews
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Atara R Israel
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Moses
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Clarence M Sams
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Engineering, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Atteya G, Alston M, Sweat A, Saleh M, Beldner S, Mitra R, Willner J, John RM, Epstein LM. Same-day discharge after transvenous lead extraction: feasibility and outcomes. Europace 2022; 25:586-590. [PMID: 36575941 PMCID: PMC9934987 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Same-day discharge (SDD) is safe for patients undergoing electrophysiology procedures. There is no existing data regarding SDD for patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE). We report our experience with SDD for patients undergoing TLE. METHODS AND RESULTS The study group included patients undergoing TLE between February 2020 and July 2021 without an infectious indication. A modified SDD protocol for device implants/ablations was applied to TLE patients. Patient characteristics, extraction details, outcomes, and complications were reviewed. Of 239 patients undergoing TLE, 210 were excluded (94 infections and 116 did not meet SDD criteria). Of the remaining 29 patients, seven stayed due to patient preference and 22 were discharged home the same day. The SDD group had an average age of 65.9 ± 12 (47-84), 41% female, and LVEF of 52.2 ± 18% (10-80). The indication for TLE was malfunction (20), upgrade (4), advisory lead (2), and magnetic resonance imaging compatibility (1). Extractions included four implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), 17 pacemakers (PPM), and one cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-P system. The leads were 9.6 years (1.5-21.7) old, and 1.8 leads were removed per patient (1-3); the lead extraction difficulty (LED) score was 11.6 ± 7. Twenty underwent cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) re-implantation (2 ICD, 3 CRT-D, 13 PPM, and 2 CRT-P). For CIED re-implants, patients sent a remote transmission the next day, and all patients received a next-day call. There were no procedure or device-related issues, morbidities, or mortalities in the 30 days after discharge. CONCLUSION Same-day discharge after TLE for non-infectious aetiologies is safe and feasible in a select group of patients with early procedure completion who meet strict SDD criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourg Atteya
- Corresponding author. Tel: 516 562-1430, Fax: 516 562-3978, E-mail address:
| | - Michael Alston
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Austin Sweat
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Moussa Saleh
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Stuart Beldner
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Raman Mitra
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jonathan Willner
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Roy M John
- Stanford School of Medicine Cardiology, 300 Pasteur Drive, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurence M Epstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Bodagh N, Cheng K, Eysenck W, Wong T. Synchronous atrioventricular sequential pacing utilizing conventional and leadless pacemakers in an elderly patient: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2022; 7:ytac474. [PMID: 36685101 PMCID: PMC9851417 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Leadless pacemakers present a viable alternative to conventional transvenous devices to mitigate the risk of lead- and/or pocket-related complications. In elderly patients who have encountered ventricular lead failures with transvenous pacemakers, this option may enable the delivery of atrioventricular synchronous pacing therapy, while obviating the requirement for lead extraction and lead-based pacemaker re-implantation. Case summary This case report describes the successful implantation of a leadless pacemaker in a 90-year-old who had undergone two dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation procedures with a failure of three of four previously implanted leads. Atrioventricular synchronous pacing was achieved, as the leadless device was able to track the atrial-paced rhythm from the pre-existing right-sided device. Discussion In elderly patients who have encountered issues with transvenous pacemakers, alternative approaches should be considered to mitigate the risk of future complications. Leadless pacemakers may offer a low-risk solution, enabling the delivery of atrioventricular synchronous pacing therapy in such patient groups. Future studies should be designed to delineate whether these devices could be utilized as a first-line approach in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Bodagh
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 20 7188 7188,
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
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Lee JZ, Tan MC, Karikalan S, Deshmukh AJ, Sorajja D, Valverde A, Srivathsan K, Scott L, Kusumoto FM, Friedman PA, Asirvatham SJ, Mulpuru SK, Cha YM. Causes of Early Mortality After Transvenous Lead Removal. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1566-1575. [PMID: 36543507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the causes of early mortality (≤30 days) after transvenous lead removal (TLR) is an essential step for the development of quality improvement programs. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the causes of early mortality after TLR and to further understand the circumstances surrounding death after TLR. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients undergoing TLR from January 1, 2001, to January 1, 2021, at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida). Causes of death were identified through a detailed chart review of the electronic health record from within the Mayo Clinic system and outside records when available. The causes of death were further characterized based on whether it was related to the TLR procedure. RESULTS A total of 2,319 patients were included in the study. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 3% (n = 69). Among all 30-day deaths, infection was the most common primary cause of death (42%). This was followed by decompensated heart failure (17%), procedure-related death (10%), sudden cardiac arrest (7%), and respiratory failure (6%). The 30-day mortality rate directly due to complications associated with the TLR procedure was 0.3%. One-third of deaths (33%) occurred after discharge from the index hospitalization; among these, 43% were readmitted before their death, 35% died at home or at a nursing facility, and 22% were discharged on comfort care and died in hospice. The main reasons for readmission before death were sepsis and decompensated heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The majority (90%) of 30-day mortality after TLR was not due to complications associated with TLR procedures. The primary causes were infection and decompensated heart failure. This highlights the importance of increased emphasis on postprocedure management of infection and heart failure to reduce postoperative mortality, including after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
| | - Min-Choon Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Suganya Karikalan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Abhishek J Deshmukh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dan Sorajja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Arturo Valverde
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Luis Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Fred M Kusumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Siva K Mulpuru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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41
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Arora Y, Llaneras N, Carrillo R. Strategies and outcomes of patients with severely reduced ejection fraction (≤15%) undergoing transvenous lead extraction: A single-center experience. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:2002-2008. [PMID: 35948204 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severely reduced ejection fraction (SREF ≤15%) are deferred from transvenous lead extraction (TLE) owing to fear of intraoperative hemodynamic collapse. When these patients require lead extraction, their management options are limited, and they suffer from high morbidity and mortality. Left ventricular (LV) assist devices provide intraoperative hemodynamic support and facilitate TLE, enabling lifesaving interventions. OBJECTIVE We present our experience of performing TLE in 245 patients with SREF. Additionally, we report outcomes of 8 patients who received LV support during TLE. METHODS Between January 2008 and January 2022, we performed TLE in 245 patients with stage D heart failure, SREF, and class I or II indications for extraction. Primary (clinical success and in-hospital mortality) and secondary (length of stay and procedure-associated complications) outcomes were compared between patients with SREF and patients in our registry undergoing extraction with EF < 15%. A subgroup analysis was performed in the SREF group to evaluate outcomes of 8 patients who underwent extraction with LV assist devices. RESULTS In patients with SREF, clinical success was high (97.6%) and mortality was low (5.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in primary outcomes between groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences in procedural complications between groups. In the SREF group, there were no significant differences in outcomes between the 8 patients undergoing TLE with LV assist devices and patients that did use LV assist devices. CONCLUSION Lead extraction in patients with SREF can be performed safely and effectively. Adopting a few simple steps, including the early initiation of LV support, can overcome myocardial impairment in patients who decompensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyot Arora
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Noah Llaneras
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roger Carrillo
- The Heart Institute at Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, Florida
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Kutarski A, Jacheć W, Nowosielecka D, Czajkowski M, Tułecki Ł, Polewczyk A. Repeat Transvenous Lead Extraction-Predictors, Effectiveness, Complications and Long-Term Prognostic Significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15602. [PMID: 36497674 PMCID: PMC9740863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding repeat transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are scarce. The aim of study was to explore the frequency of repeat TLE, its safety, predisposing factors, as well as effectiveness of repeat procedures. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a large single-center database of 3654 TLEs. RESULTS Repeat TLE was a rare occurrence (193, i.e., 5,28% among 3654 TLEs). Subsequent re-extractions occurred in 12.21% of the patients. Lead failure was the most common cause of re-extraction (51.16%). Cox regression analysis showed that patients who were older at first implantation [HR = 0.987; p = 0.003], had infection-related TLE [HR = 0.392; p < 0.001] and complete procedural success [HR = 0.544; p = 0.034] were less likely to undergo repeat TLE. Functional leads left in place for continuous use [HR = 1.405; p = 0.012] or superfluous leads left in place (abandoned) [HR = 2.370; p = 0.011] were associated with an increased risk of undergoing a repeat procedure. Overall mortality in patients with repeat TLE and subsequent re-extraction in the entire FU period was similar to that in patients without a history of re-extraction [HR = 0.949; p = 0.480]. CONCLUSIONS Repeat TLE was a rare occurrence (5.28%) among TLEs. Left of both active and nonactive leads during TLE increased the risk of re-extraction. Re-extraction has no effect on the long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Marek Czajkowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tułecki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Center of Cardiology, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
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43
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Kutarski A, Jacheć W, Polewczyk A, Nowosielecka D, Miszczak-Knecht M, Brzezinska M, Bieganowska K. Transvenous Lead Extraction in Adult Patient with Leads Implanted in Childhood-Is That the Same Procedure as in Other Adult Patients? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14594. [PMID: 36361474 PMCID: PMC9657280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead management in children and young adults is still a matter of debate. METHODS To assess the course of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in adults with pacemakers implanted in childhood (CIP) we compared 98 CIP patients with a control group consisting of adults with pacemakers implanted in adulthood (AIP). RESULTS CIP patients differed from AIP patients with respect to indications for TLE and pacing history. CIP patients were four-eight times more likely to require second-line or advanced tools. Furthermore, CIP patients more often than AIP were prone to developing complications: major complications (MC) (any) 2.6 times; hemopericardium 3.2 times; severe tricuspid valve damage 4.4 times; need for rescue cardiac surgery 3.7 times. The rate of procedural success was 11% lower because of 4.8 times more common lead remnants and 3.1 times more frequent permanently disabling complications. CONCLUSIONS Due to system-related risk factors TLE in CIP patients is more difficult and complex. TLE in CIP is associated with an increased risk of MC and incomplete lead removal. A conservative strategy of lead management, acceptable in very old patients seems to be less suitable in CIP because it creates a subpopulation of patients at high risk of major complications during TLE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Physiology, Patophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Center of Cardiology, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Maria Miszczak-Knecht
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Brzezinska
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bieganowska
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
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Towheed A, Smith A, Ghawanmeh M, Tsimploulis A, Hadadi C, Thomaides A. A Unique Case of Central Line Fracture Due to Laser Lead Extraction. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:101633. [PMID: 36684034 PMCID: PMC9847237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transvenous laser-assisted lead extraction is successful, with a low procedural complication rate for a wide range of indications. Here, we report a case of right internal jugular triple-lumen central venous catheter fracture and subsequent embolism to the right pulmonary artery during laser lead extraction that was successfully retrieved with a gooseneck snare. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooge Towheed
- Department of Electrophysiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Arooge Towheed, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street N.W., Suite 5A12-Q, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malik Ghawanmeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Apostolos Tsimploulis
- Department of Electrophysiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cyrus Hadadi
- Department of Electrophysiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Athanasios Thomaides
- Department of Electrophysiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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45
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Kutarski A, Głowniak A, Kosior J, Jacheć W, Nowosielecka D, Czajkowski M, Polewczyk A. Outcomes of Transvenous Extraction of Leads Older Than 20 and 30 Years-A Large Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14184. [PMID: 36361063 PMCID: PMC9655673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge on outcome of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of leads being 20 and 30 years old. METHODS Retrospective single center large database analysis containing 3673 TLE procedures performed from 2006 to 2020 was analysed. We aimed to compare procedure complexity and the incidence of the TLE major complications (MC) in groups where extracted leads were under 10 years, 10-20 years, 20-30 years (old) and over 30 years (very old). RESULTS Rate of removal of old and very old leads almost doubles with successive five-year periods (3-6-10%). In patients with old and very old leads there is an accumulation of risk factors for major complications of TLE (young age, female, multiple and/or abandoned leads, multiple previous procedures). The removal of old and very old leads was more labour-consuming, more difficult, and much more often required second-line (advanced) tools and complex techniques. Incidence of all MC grew parallel to age of removed leads from 0.6 to 18.2%; haemopericardium-from 0.3 to 12.1%, severe tricuspid valve damage-from 0.2 to 2.1%, need for rescue cardiac surgery-from 0.4 to 9.1%. Notably, there was no procedure-related death when old or very old lead was extracted. The percentages of clinical and procedural success decreased with increasing age of the removed leads from 99.2 and 97.8% to 90.9 and 81.8%. The risk of MC during extraction of leads aged 10-20 years increases 6.7 times, aged 20-30 years-14.3 times (amounting to 8.4%), and aged 30 and more years-20.4 times, amounting to 18.2%. Removal of ventricular leads is associated with a greater complexity of the procedure but not with more frequent MC. Removal of the atrial leads is associated with a higher incidence of MC, especially haemopericardium, regardless of the age of the leads, although the tendency becomes less pronounced with the oldest leads. CONCLUSIONS 1. Extraction of old and very old leads is a rising challenge, since the rate of removal of leads aged 20-and-more years almost doubles with successive five-year periods. 2. Procedure difficulty, complexity and the risk of major complications increases along with the age of extracted lead. TLE is more time-consuming, difficult and much more often requires advanced tools and complex techniques. 3. TLE of old (≥20 years) or very old (≥30 years) leads can be performed with satisfactory success rate and safety profile when conducted at high-volume centre by an experienced operator under optimal safety conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Głowniak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kosior
- Department of Cardiology, Masovian Specialist Hospital in Radom, 20-617 Radom, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Medical University, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, Pope John Paul II Hospital of Zamość, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Marek Czajkowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum of Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Cardiology Center, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
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46
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Kislitsina ON. Cardiac Surgery following Previous Implantation of Cardiac Electronic Devices. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6633933. [PMID: 35801936 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Kislitsina
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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47
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(Cardiac electronic device extraction - our experience). COR ET VASA 2022. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2021.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Tabata H, Okada A, Kobayashi H, Shoin W, Okano T, Higuchi S, Yagishita D, Ebisawa S, Motoki H, Shoda M, Kuwahara K. Usefulness of the controlled-rotation dilator sheath "Evolution RL" for extraction of old leads in two Japanese centers - An experience in use. J Cardiol 2022; 80:339-343. [PMID: 35701313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an established procedure for the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. However, some difficulties and risks of complications still exist, especially in old and adhered leads. Evolution RL (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) is a newly introduced device for TLE; however, no clinical results have been reported in Japan, and the results with older leads are unknown. We investigated the efficacy and safety of Evolution RL and its usefulness for old leads at two TLE centers in Japan. METHODS A total of 27 consecutive patients who underwent lead extraction using Evolution RL at Shinshu University Hospital and Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital from September 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. We examined the backgrounds of the patients and leads and investigated the efficacy and safety of the procedures. We divided the leads into two groups according to the number of years of implantation (10 years) and compared the results. RESULTS Among the 27 patients, 20 (74.1%) were men, and the median age was 62 (14-91) years. The total number of leads was 58, and the median implantation duration was 136 months (8-448). We achieved clinical success in all patients and complete procedural success in 24 patients (88.9%). In three patients, the broken tip of the lead remained in the heart. No major complications were noted. Of the 58 leads, there were 34 leads with more than 10 years of implantation, with significantly more Evolution RLs used (94.1% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.001) and significantly higher percentages of Evolution 11Fr, 13Fr, and steady sheaths used (79.4% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.001, 52.9% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.006, and 64.7% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In two TLE centers in Japan, Evolution RL was shown to be safe and effective, even in leads older than 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayako Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higuchi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Yagishita
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ebisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Akhtar Z, Zaman KU, Leung LW, Zuberi Z, Sohal M, Gallagher MM. Triple access transvenous lead extraction: Pull-through of a lead from subclavian to jugular access to facilitate extraction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:1295-1298. [PMID: 35687737 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 39-years old ventricular lead of a right-sided single-chamber pacemaker required extraction for infection. Angulation at the right subclavian-superior vena cava junction coupled with calcified fibrotic encapsulating tissue prevented advancement of a rotational dissecting sheath. To straighten the lead, it was pulled from the subclavian and out of the right internal jugular vein, whilst the Needle's-Eye Snare via the femoral access provided counter-traction. A 13-french rotational dissecting sheath was successfully advanced over the lead via the jugular access to complete the lead extraction without any complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Akhtar
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Khiast Ullah Zaman
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa Wm Leung
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zia Zuberi
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manav Sohal
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark M Gallagher
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Fong KY, Ng CJR, Wang Y, Yeo C, Tan VH. Subcutaneous Versus Transvenous Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials and Propensity Score-Matched Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024756. [PMID: 35656975 PMCID: PMC9238723 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICDs) have been of great interest as an alternative to transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (TV‐ICDs). No meta‐analyses synthesizing data from high‐quality studies have yet been published. Methods and Results An electronic literature search was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials or propensity score–matched studies comparing S‐ICD against TV‐ICD in patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator indication. The primary outcomes were device‐related complications and lead‐related complications. Secondary outcomes were inappropriate shocks, appropriate shock, all‐cause mortality, and infection. All outcomes were pooled under random‐effects meta‐analyses and reported as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. Kaplan–Meier curves of device‐related complications were digitized to retrieve individual patient data and pooled under a 1‐stage meta‐analysis using Cox models to determine hazard ratios (HRs) of patients undergoing S‐ICD versus TV‐ICD. A total of 5 studies (2387 patients) were retrieved. S‐ICD had a similar rate of device‐related complications compared with TV‐ICD (RR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.33–1.04]; P=0.070), but a significantly lower lead‐related complication rate (RR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.07–0.29]; P<0.0001). The individual patient data–based 1‐stage stratified Cox model for device‐related complications across 4 studies yielded no significant difference (shared‐frailty HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.61–1.09]; P=0.167), but visual inspection of pooled Kaplan–Meier curves suggested a divergence favoring S‐ICD. Secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between both modalities. Conclusions S‐ICD is clinically superior to TV‐ICD in terms of lead‐related complications while demonstrating comparable efficacy and safety. For device‐related complications, S‐ICD may be beneficial over TV‐ICD in the long term. These indicate that S‐ICD is likely a suitable substitute for TV‐ICD in patients requiring implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation without a pacing indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khi Yung Fong
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology Changi General Hospital Singapore
| | - Colin Yeo
- Department of Cardiology Changi General Hospital Singapore
| | - Vern Hsen Tan
- Department of Cardiology Changi General Hospital Singapore
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