3
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Pfeiffer D, Chen B, Schlicht K, Ginsbach P, Abboud S, Bersano A, Bevan S, Brandt T, Caso V, Debette S, Erhart P, Freitag-Wolf S, Giacalone G, Grau AJ, Hayani E, Jern C, Jiménez-Conde J, Kloss M, Krawczak M, Lee JM, Lemmens R, Leys D, Lichy C, Maguire JM, Martin JJ, Metso AJ, Metso TM, Mitchell BD, Pezzini A, Rosand J, Rost NS, Stenman M, Tatlisumak T, Thijs V, Touzé E, Traenka C, Werner I, Woo D, Del Zotto E, Engelter ST, Kittner SJ, Cole JW, Grond-Ginsbach C, Lyrer PA, Lindgren A. Genetic Imbalance Is Associated With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:298-304. [PMID: 30661490 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- We sought to explore the effect of genetic imbalance on functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). Methods- Copy number variation was identified in high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray data of IS patients from the CADISP (Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients) and SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network)/GISCOME (Genetics of Ischaemic Stroke Functional Outcome) networks. Genetic imbalance, defined as total number of protein-coding genes affected by copy number variations in an individual, was compared between patients with favorable (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3) outcome after 3 months. Subgroup analyses were confined to patients with imbalance affecting ohnologs-a class of dose-sensitive genes, or to those with imbalance not affecting ohnologs. The association of imbalance with outcome was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, stroke subtype, stroke severity, and ancestry. Results- The study sample comprised 816 CADISP patients (age 44.2±10.3 years) and 2498 SiGN/GISCOME patients (age 67.7±14.2 years). Outcome was unfavorable in 122 CADISP and 889 SiGN/GISCOME patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased genetic imbalance was associated with less favorable outcome in both samples (CADISP: P=0.0007; odds ratio=0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95 and SiGN/GISCOME: P=0.0036; odds ratio=0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98). The association was independent of age, sex, stroke severity on admission, stroke subtype, and ancestry. On subgroup analysis, imbalance affecting ohnologs was associated with outcome (CADISP: odds ratio=0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95 and SiGN/GISCOME: odds ratio=0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98) whereas imbalance without ohnologs lacked such an association. Conclusions- Increased genetic imbalance was associated with poorer functional outcome after IS in both study populations. Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was driven by presence of ohnologs in the respective copy number variations, suggesting a causal role of the deleterious effects of genetic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Pfeiffer
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.)
| | - Bowang Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (B.C.)
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany (K.S., S.F.-W., M. Krawczak)
| | - Philip Ginsbach
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.G.)
| | - Sherine Abboud
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (S.A.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Steve Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom (S.B.)
| | - Tobias Brandt
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.).,Suva/Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, Lucerne, Switzerland (T.B.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Perugia University Hospital, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, France (S.D.).,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (S.D.)
| | - Philipp Erhart
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.)
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany (K.S., S.F.-W., M. Krawczak)
| | - Giacomo Giacalone
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Armin J Grau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany (A.J.G.)
| | - Eyad Hayani
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.)
| | - Christina Jern
- The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.J.).,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden (C.J.)
| | | | - Manja Kloss
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.)
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany (K.S., S.F.-W., M. Krawczak)
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.-M.L.)
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium (R.L.).,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium (R.L.).,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Didier Leys
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille, France (D.L.)
| | | | - Jane M Maguire
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia (J.M.M.).,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Australia (J.M.M.)
| | - Juan J Martin
- Department of Neurology, Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina (J.J.M.)
| | - Antti J Metso
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (A.J.M., T.M.M., T.T.)
| | - Tiina M Metso
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (A.J.M., T.M.M., T.T.)
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.D.M.).,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (B.D.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy (A.P., E.D.Z.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Natalia S Rost
- Department of Neurology (N.S.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Martin Stenman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (M.S., A.L.).,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (M.S., A.L.)
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (A.J.M., T.M.M., T.T.).,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.).,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (V.T.).,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (V.T.)
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR S894, Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (E.T.).,Normandie Université, Université Caen-Normandie, Inserm U1237, CHU Côte de Nacre, Service de Neurologie, Caen, France (E.T.)
| | - Christopher Traenka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E., P.A.L.)
| | - Inge Werner
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.)
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.)
| | - Elisabetta Del Zotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy (A.P., E.D.Z.)
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E., P.A.L.).,Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.).,University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.)
| | - Steven J Kittner
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (S.J.K., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.J.K., J.W.C.)
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (S.J.K., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.J.K., J.W.C.)
| | - Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (D.P., T.B., E.H., M. Kloss, I.W., C.G.-G.)
| | - Philippe A Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (C.T., S.T.E., P.A.L.)
| | - Arne Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (M.S., A.L.).,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (M.S., A.L.)
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14
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Conklin DJ, Guo Y, Jagatheesan G, Kilfoil PJ, Haberzettl P, Hill BG, Baba SP, Guo L, Wetzelberger K, Obal D, Rokosh DG, Prough RA, Prabhu SD, Velayutham M, Zweier JL, Hoetker JD, Riggs DW, Srivastava S, Bolli R, Bhatnagar A. Genetic Deficiency of Glutathione S-Transferase P Increases Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2015; 117:437-49. [PMID: 26169370 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.305518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) results in the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived unsaturated aldehydes. However, the contribution of aldehydes to myocardial I/R injury has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that removal of aldehydes by glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) diminishes I/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS In adult male C57BL/6 mouse hearts, Gstp1/2 was the most abundant GST transcript followed by Gsta4 and Gstm4.1, and GSTP activity was a significant fraction of the total GST activity. mGstp1/2 deletion reduced total GST activity, but no compensatory increase in GSTA and GSTM or major antioxidant enzymes was observed. Genetic deficiency of GSTP did not alter cardiac function, but in comparison with hearts from wild-type mice, the hearts isolated from GSTP-null mice were more sensitive to I/R injury. Disruption of the GSTP gene also increased infarct size after coronary occlusion in situ. Ischemia significantly increased acrolein in hearts, and GSTP deficiency induced significant deficits in the metabolism of the unsaturated aldehyde, acrolein, but not in the metabolism of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal or trans-2-hexanal; on ischemia, the GSTP-null hearts accumulated more acrolein-modified proteins than wild-type hearts. GSTP deficiency did not affect I/R-induced free radical generation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, or depletion of reduced glutathione. Acrolein exposure induced a hyperpolarizing shift in INa, and acrolein-induced cell death was delayed by SN-6, a Na(+)/Ca(++) exchange inhibitor. Cardiomyocytes isolated from GSTP-null hearts were more sensitive than wild-type myocytes to acrolein-induced protein crosslinking and cell death. CONCLUSIONS GSTP protects the heart from I/R injury by facilitating the detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes, such as acrolein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Conklin
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.).
| | - Yiru Guo
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Ganapathy Jagatheesan
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Peter J Kilfoil
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Bradford G Hill
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Shahid P Baba
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Luping Guo
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Karin Wetzelberger
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Detlef Obal
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - D Gregg Rokosh
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Russell A Prough
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Jay L Zweier
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - J David Hoetker
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center (D.J.C., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., K.W., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Institute of Molecular Cardiology (D.J.C., Y.G., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., D.O., D.G.R., S.S., R.B., A.B.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.J.C., Y.G., G.J., P.J.K., P.H., B.G.H., S.P.B., L.G., D.O., D.G.R., J.D.H., D.W.R., S.S., R.B., A.B), Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (D.O.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (P.J.K., R.A.P., A.B.), University of Louisville, KY; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.D.P.); and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.V., J.L.Z.)
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