1
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Rella V, Maurizi N, Bernardini A, Brasca FM, Salerno S, Meda M, Mariani D, Torchio M, Ravaro S, Cerea P, Castelletti S, Fumagalli C, Conte G, Auricchio A, Girolami F, Pieragnoli P, Carrassa GM, Parati G, Olivotto I, Perego GB, Cecchi F, Crotti L. Candidacy and long-term outcomes of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in current practice in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2024; 409:132202. [PMID: 38795975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) S-ICD is usually the preferred option as pacing is generally not indicated. However, limited data are available on its current practice adoption and long-term follow-up. METHODS Consecutive HCM patients with S-ICD implanted between 2013 and 2021 in 3 international centers were enrolled in this observational study. Baseline, procedural and follow-up data were regularly collected. Efficacy and safety were compared with a cohort of HCM patients implanted with a tv-ICD. RESULTS Seventy patients (64% males) were implanted with S-ICD at 41 ± 15 years, whereas 168 patients with tv-ICD at 49 ± 16 years. For S-ICD patients, mean ESC SCD risk score was 4,5 ± 1.9%: 25 (40%) at low-risk, 17 (27%) at intermediate and 20 (33%) at high-risk. Patients were followed-up for 5.1 ± 2.3 years. Two patients (0.6 per 100-person-years, vs 0.4 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.45) received an appropriate shock on VF, 17 (24%) were diagnosed with de-novo AF. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 4 patients (1.2 per 100-person-years, vs 0.9 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.74), all before Smart-Pass algorithm implementation. Four patients experienced device-related adverse events (1.2 per 100-person-years, vs 1 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.35%). CONCLUSIONS S-ICDs were often implanted in patients with an overall low-intermediate ESC SCD risk, reflecting both the inclusion of additional risk markers and a lower decision threshold. S-ICDs in HCM patients followed for over 5 years showed to be effective in conversion of VF and safe. Greater scrutiny may be required to avoid overtreatment in patients with milder risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rella
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - N Maurizi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bernardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Cardiology and Electrophysiology unit, Florence, Italy
| | - F M Brasca
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S Salerno
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Meda
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - D Mariani
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Torchio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - S Ravaro
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of medicine and surgery, University Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - P Cerea
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S Castelletti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - C Fumagalli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Conte
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Department of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A Auricchio
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Department of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - F Girolami
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - P Pieragnoli
- Electrophysiology unit, Department of Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G M Carrassa
- Electrophysiology unit, Department of Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of medicine and surgery, University Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - I Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - G B Perego
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - F Cecchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - L Crotti
- Department of medicine and surgery, University Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cardiomyopathy Unit, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Sanna GD, Finocchiaro G. Sarcomere gene mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: how to clinically manage this information? Int J Cardiol 2024:132373. [PMID: 39033854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D Sanna
- Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, Sassari University Hospital, Sassari, Italy; Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gherardo Finocchiaro
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Mazur M, Braksator W, Popjes E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: From Medical Treatment to Advanced Heart Failure Therapies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02095-6. [PMID: 38990491 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been much debate surrounding novel medical therapies and heart transplantation listing challenges in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical trials led to FDA approval of mavacamten (a cardiac myosin inhibitor), offering symptom relief and potentially delaying/avoiding invasive septal reduction therapies for some patients with HCM and left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO). For those with refractory symptoms and end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation remains the gold standard. However, the concern for the organ allocation system failing to prioritize those individuals persists. HCM is a heterogeneous genetic condition with variable penetration and clinical presentation. Even though a large portion of patients remain asymptomatic, an important minority develops debilitating symptoms refractory to medical therapy. Post-HT short- and long-term outcomes are favorable. However, HT waitlist mortality remains high. For highly selected patients with HCM, a left ventricular assist device is a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Mazur
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Wojciech Braksator
- Department of Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Popjes
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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4
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Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB. 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2324-2405. [PMID: 38727647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM The "2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 14, 2022, to November 22, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through May 23, 2023, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally. Recommendations from the "2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians.
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5
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Auguin D, Robert-Paganin J, Réty S, Kikuti C, David A, Theumer G, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ, Houdusse A. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten target the same myosin pocket despite opposite effects in heart contraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4885. [PMID: 38849353 PMCID: PMC11161628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are common cardiac diseases worldwide, leading in the late stage to heart failure and death. The most promising treatments against these diseases are small molecules directly modulating the force produced by β-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor driving heart contraction. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten are two such molecules that completed phase 3 clinical trials, and the inhibitor Mavacamten is now approved by the FDA. In contrast to Mavacamten, Omecamtiv mecarbil acts as an activator of cardiac contractility. Here, we reveal by X-ray crystallography that both drugs target the same pocket and stabilize a pre-stroke structural state, with only few local differences. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these molecules produce distinct effects in motor allostery thus impacting force production in opposite way. Altogether, our results provide the framework for rational drug development for the purpose of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Ecologie et Environnement (P2E), UPRES EA 1207/USC INRAE-1328, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Stéphane Réty
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, Paris, 75248, France.
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6
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Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB. 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2024; 149:e1239-e1311. [PMID: 38718139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM The "2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 14, 2022, to November 22, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through May 23, 2023, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally. Recommendations from the "2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor A Ferrari
- AHA/ACC Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines liaison
- SCMR representative
| | | | - Sadiya S Khan
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Performance Measures representative
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7
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Maron MS, Mahmod M, Abd Samat AH, Choudhury L, Massera D, Phelan DMJ, Cresci S, Martinez MW, Masri A, Abraham TP, Adler E, Wever-Pinzon O, Nagueh SF, Lewis GD, Chamberlin P, Patel J, Yavari A, Dehbi HM, Sarwar R, Raman B, Valkovič L, Neubauer S, Udelson JE, Watkins H. Safety and Efficacy of Metabolic Modulation With Ninerafaxstat in Patients With Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2037-2048. [PMID: 38599256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM), there are no approved medical therapies. Impaired myocardial energetics is a potential cause of symptoms and exercise limitation. Ninerafaxstat, a novel cardiac mitotrope, enhances cardiac energetics. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ninerafaxstat in nHCM. METHODS Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular outflow tract gradient <30 mm Hg, ejection fraction ≥50%, and peak oxygen consumption <80% predicted were randomized to ninerafaxstat 200 mg twice daily or placebo (1:1) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, with efficacy outcomes also assessed as secondary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 67 patients with nHCM were enrolled at 12 centers (57 ± 11.8 years of age; 55% women). Serious adverse events occurred in 11.8% (n = 4 of 34) in the ninerafaxstat group and 6.1% (n = 2 of 33) of patients in the placebo group. From baseline to 12 weeks, ninerafaxstat was associated with significantly better VE/Vco2 (ventilatory efficiency) slope compared with placebo with a least-squares (LS) mean difference between the groups of -2.1 (95% CI: -3.6 to -0.6; P = 0.006), with no significant difference in peak VO2 (P = 0.90). The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score was directionally, though not significantly, improved with ninerafaxstat vs placebo (LS mean 3.2; 95% CI: -2.9 to 9.2; P = 0.30); however, it was statistically significant when analyzed post hoc in the 35 patients with baseline Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score ≤80 (LS mean 9.4; 95% CI: 0.3-18.5; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In symptomatic nHCM, novel drug therapy targeting myocardial energetics was safe and well tolerated and associated with better exercise performance and health status among those most symptomatically limited. The findings support assessing ninerafaxstat in a phase 3 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Masliza Mahmod
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Azlan Helmy Abd Samat
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Choudhury
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniele Massera
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dermot M J Phelan
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew W Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ahmad Masri
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Theodore P Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Omar Wever-Pinzon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sherif F Nagueh
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jai Patel
- Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arash Yavari
- Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Betty Raman
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James E Udelson
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mazur M, Carmona Rubio A, Eisen HJ, Bhat G, Dowling R. Impact of the New Heart Allocation System on the Medium-Term Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. ASAIO J 2024:00002480-990000000-00471. [PMID: 38635492 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the new heart allocation system in the United States in 2018 resulted in an increase in the number of heart transplants (HT) performed among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, whether that affected medium-term post-HT outcomes in this group of patients remains unknown. We conducted an analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Transplant Database, including adults with HCM who underwent heart transplantation between 2015 and 2021. Patients were divided into two equal-duration eras: Era 1 (October 17, 2015, to October 17, 2018) and Era 2 (October 18, 2018, to October 18, 2021). In the studied period, 444 patients with HCM underwent HT: 204 in Era 1 and 240 in Era 2. In Era 2, the waitlist time was shorter, transplant rates were higher, patients were less frequently supported with inotropes but more often with an IABP, ischemic time was longer, and donor-to-recipient distance larger. Pre- and post-transplant functional status was comparable across the two eras, while the pre-HT employment rate was higher in the new system. The 3 year survival was unchanged across eras. In the new allocation system, despite more frequent mechanical circulatory support (MCS) use and increased ischemic time, the medium-term outcomes of patients with HCM remained favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Mazur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Andres Carmona Rubio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Howard J Eisen
- Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Geetha Bhat
- Cardiovascular Department, Heart and Vascular Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert Dowling
- Cardiovascular Department, Heart and Vascular Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
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9
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Musumeci B, Tini G, Biagini E, Merlo M, Calore C, Ammirati E, Zampieri M, Russo D, Grilli G, Santolamazza C, Vio R, Rubino M, Ditaranto R, Del Franco A, Sormani P, Parisi V, Monda E, Francia P, Cipriani A, Limongelli G, Sinagra G, Olivotto I, Boni L, Autore C. Clinical characteristics and outcome of end stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Role of age and heart failure phenotypes. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131784. [PMID: 38242504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minority of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents advanced heart failure (HF) during their clinical course, in the context of left ventricular (LV) remodeling with reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF), or of severe diastolic dysfunction without impaired LVEF. Aim of this study was to describe a multicentric end stage (ES) HCM population and analyze clinical course and outcome among its different phenotypes. METHODS Data of all HCM patients from 7 Italian referral centres were retrospectively evaluated. ES was diagnosed in presence of: LVEF <50% (ES-rEF) or NYHA functional class ≥II with severe diastolic dysfunction (ES-pEF). Outcomes were: HCM-related and all-cause mortality; combined arrhythmic events; advanced HF treatments. RESULTS Study population included 331 ES patients; 87% presented ES-rEF and 13% ES-pEF. At ES recognition, patients with ES-pEF were more commonly females, had more frequently NYHA III/IV, atrial fibrillation and greater maximal LV wall thickness. Over a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 83 (25%) patients died, 46 (15%) experienced arrhythmic events and (26%) 85 received advanced HF treatments. Incidence of HCM-related and all-cause mortality, and of combined arrhythmic events did not differ in ES-pEF and ES-rEF patients, but ES-pEF patients were less likely to receive advanced HF treatments. Older age at ES recognition was an independent predictor of increased HCM-related mortality (p = 0.01) and reduced access to advanced HF treatments (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Two different HCM-ES phenotypes can be recognized, with ES-pEF showing distinctive features at ES recognition and receiving less frequently advanced HF treatments. Older age at ES recognition has a major impact on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Biagini
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence, and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Calore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità pubblica-Università di Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Domitilla Russo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Grilli
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Vio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità pubblica-Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Rubino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaello Ditaranto
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Vanda Parisi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità pubblica-Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- Epidemiologia Clinica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IST Nord CBA, Genova, Italy
| | - Camillo Autore
- Department of Cardiology and Respiratory Sciences, San Raffaele Cassino (FR), Italy.
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González-Urbistondo F, Almenar-Bonet L, Gómez-Bueno M, Crespo-Leiro M, González-Vílchez F, García-Cosío MD, López-Granados A, Mirabet S, Martínez-Sellés M, Sobrino JM, Díez-López C, Farrero M, Díaz-Molina B, Rábago G, de la Fuente-Galán L, Garrido-Bravo I, Blasco-Peiró MT, García-Quintana A, Vázquez de Prada JA. Prognosis after heart transplant in patients with hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. A nationwide registry analysis. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 77:304-313. [PMID: 37984703 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Posttransplant outcomes among recipients with a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) remain controversial. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a nationwide registry of first-time recipients undergoing isolated heart transplant between 1984 and 2021. One-year and 5-year mortality in recipients with HCM and RCM were compared with those with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). RESULTS We included 3703 patients (3112 DCM; 331 HCM; 260 RCM) with a median follow-up of 5.0 [3.1-5.0] years. Compared with DCM, the adjusted 1-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.07-1.78; P=.01, RCM: HR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.14-1.93; P=.003. The adjusted 5-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.17; 95%CI, 0.93-1.47; P=.18; RCM: HR, 1.52; 95%CI, 1.22-1.89; P<.001. Over the last 20 years, the RCM group showed significant improvement in 1-year survival (adjusted R2=0.95) and 5-year survival (R2=0.88); the HCM group showed enhanced the 5-year survival (R2=0.59), but the 1-year survival remained stable (R2=0.16). CONCLUSIONS Both RCM and HCM were linked to a less favorable early posttransplant prognosis compared with DCM. However, at the 5-year mark, this unfavorable difference was evident only for RCM. Notably, a substantial temporal enhancement in both early and late mortality was observed for RCM, while for HCM, this improvement was mainly evident in late mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Almenar-Bonet
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Bueno
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Clínica Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Crespo-Leiro
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco González-Vílchez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - María Dolores García-Cosío
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Mirabet
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Área de Medicina y Enfermería, Cardiología, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sobrino
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Carles Díez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Investigació Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Farrero
- Institut Clínic del Tórax, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Molina
- Área de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gregorio Rábago
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Iris Garrido-Bravo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Blasco-Peiró
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Quintana
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Antonio Vázquez de Prada
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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11
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Zhang H, Zhao L, Wang H, Yi Y, Hui K, Zhang C, Ma X. Radiomics from Cardiovascular MR Cine Images for Identifying Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy at High Risk for Heart Failure. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e230323. [PMID: 38385758 PMCID: PMC10912890 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a model integrating radiomics features from cardiac MR cine images with clinical and standard cardiac MRI predictors to identify patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) at high risk for heart failure (HF). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 516 patients with HCM (median age, 51 years [IQR: 40-62]; 367 [71.1%] men) who underwent cardiac MRI from January 2015 to June 2021 were divided into training and validation sets (7:3 ratio). Radiomics features were extracted from cardiac cine images, and radiomics scores were calculated based on reproducible features using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Radiomics scores and clinical and standard cardiac MRI predictors that were significantly associated with HF events in univariable Cox regression analysis were incorporated into a multivariable analysis to construct a combined prediction model. Model performance was validated using time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the optimal cutoff value of the combined model was determined for patient risk stratification. Results The radiomics score was the strongest predictor for HF events in both univariable (hazard ratio, 10.37; P < .001) and multivariable (hazard ratio, 10.25; P < .001) analyses. The combined model yielded the highest 1- and 3-year AUCs of 0.81 and 0.80, respectively, in the training set and 0.82 and 0.77 in the validation set. Patients stratified as high risk had more than sixfold increased risk of HF events compared with patients at low risk. Conclusion The combined model with radiomics features and clinical and standard cardiac MRI parameters accurately identified patients with HCM at high risk for HF. Keywords: Cardiomyopathies, Outcomes Analysis, Cardiovascular MRI, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Radiomics, Heart Failure Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Lei Zhao
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Haoru Wang
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Yuhan Yi
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Keyao Hui
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
| | - Xiaohai Ma
- From the Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment (H.Z.,
K.H., C.Z., X.M.) and Department of Radiology (H.Z., L.Z., Y.Y., K.H.), Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District,
Beijing 100020, China; and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child
Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development
and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
(H.W.)
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12
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Mazur M, Bhat G, Popjes E, Dowling R, Eisen HJ. Long-term post-transplantation outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Single-center 35-year experience. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15265. [PMID: 38380687 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HT) is the only option for most patients with end-stage heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who fail medical therapy. Data on the long-term outcomes post-transplant in HCM individuals remain scarce. METHODS We analyzed data of 319 adult patients who underwent HT between 1984 and 2019. Patients were followed for cardiac allograft rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), death, or re-transplantation. RESULTS Outcomes of 24 patients with HCM, 160 with ischemic, and 135 with dilated cardiomyopathy were compared. During a mean follow-up of 11.6 ± 7.2 (max 27.8), 16.7 ± 8.2 (max 32.7), and 16.1 ± 9.7 (max 34.6) years after HT in hypertrophic, ischemic, and dilated cardiomyopathy groups, respectively: 10-year survival rate was 67%, 62%, 69%, respectively (p = .04). Post-transplantation, HCM individuals more often than the other two studied groups required prolonged inotropic support (37%, 12%, 17%, respectively, p = .02), temporary mechanical circulatory support (45%, 13%, 14%, respectively, p < .01), and renal replacement therapy immediately post-HT (55%, 19%, 24%, respectively, p < .01). No significant inter-group differences were noted in the 10-year freedom from acute allograft rejection (38%, 46%, 43%, respectively, p = .38) or 10-year freedom from CAV (88%, 78%, 81%, respectively, p = .57). CONCLUSIONS The long-term post-transplant prognosis of adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is favorable despite more challenging immediate post-HT course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Mazur
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Geetha Bhat
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Popjes
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Dowling
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard J Eisen
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Auguin D, Robert-Paganin J, Réty S, Kikuti C, David A, Theumer G, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ, Houdusse A. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten target the same myosin pocket despite antagonistic effects in heart contraction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567213. [PMID: 38014327 PMCID: PMC10680719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are amongst the most common cardiac diseases worldwide, leading in the late-stage to heart failure and death. The most promising treatments against these diseases are small-molecules directly modulating the force produced by β-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor driving heart contraction. Two of these molecules that produce antagonistic effects on cardiac contractility have completed clinical phase 3 trials: the activator Omecamtiv mecarbil and the inhibitor Mavacamten. In this work, we reveal by X-ray crystallography that both drugs target the same pocket and stabilize a pre-stroke structural state, with only few local differences. All atoms molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these molecules can have antagonistic impact on the allostery of the motor by comparing β-cardiac myosin in the apo form or bound to Omecamtiv mecarbil or Mavacamten. Altogether, our results provide the framework for rational drug development for the purpose of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRAE- USC1328, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Réty
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, University Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Gabriele Theumer
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arndt W Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258 Paris cedex 05, France
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14
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Liang LW, Lumish HS, Sewanan LR, Shimada YJ, Maurer MS, Weiner SD, Sayer G, Uriel N, Clerkin KJ. Advanced Heart Failure Therapies for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: State-of-the-Art Review and an Updated Analysis From UNOS. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:1473-1480. [PMID: 37632495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is most commonly associated with obstructive symptoms and sudden cardiac death; however, predominantly nonobstructive advanced heart failure in HCM, marked by medically refractory disease with severe functional impairment, occurs in 5% to 7% of patients with HCM. The diagnosis relies on the integration of imaging (echocardiography/cardiac magnetic resonance), hemodynamic data, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to identify the patients who will benefit from advanced heart failure therapies. Most advanced heart failure therapies focus on systolic dysfunction and are not always applicable to this patient population. Left ventricular assist devices may be an option in a highly selected population with left ventricular dilation. Heart transplantation is often the best option for patients with advanced heart failure in HCM with excellent post-transplantation survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha W Liang
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heidi S Lumish
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuichi J Shimada
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shepard D Weiner
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nir Uriel
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin J Clerkin
- Milstein Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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15
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Cheong D, Eisenberg R, Lamour JM, Hsu DT, Choi J, Bansal N. Waitlist and Posttransplant Outcomes of Children and Young Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:588-597. [PMID: 35690136 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HT) is standard therapy for end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); however, few studies have described outcomes of older children and young adults with HCM listed for HT. Our objective was to compare waitlist and post-HT outcomes among pediatric and young adult patients with HCM and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was queried for patients with HCM and DCM listed at ≤25 years of age. Patient characteristics, waitlist and post-HT survival were compared between younger (≤5 years of age) and older (>5 to ≤25 years of age) HCM patients and between HCM and DCM patients. RESULTS Among 6252 patients listed for HT at ≤25 years of age with DCM and HCM, 3926 and 250 were in the older cohort and 1944 and 132 were in the younger cohort, respectively. Older HCM patients were less likely to be critically ill at listing compared with younger HCM patients (P = .0001). Waitlist mortality was similar between HCM and DCM patients in both age cohorts. Post-HT survival in HCM patients was similar between the age cohorts. In the younger cohort, early post-HT survival was worse in HCM compared with DCM (P = .009), with no difference in long-term survival. Survival was similar between the older cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Older children and young adults with HCM are less critically ill than the younger cohort and show waitlist and post-HT survival similar to DCM patients. The young children with HCM had worse early posttransplantation survival, though long-term survival was same as DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cheong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cohen Children's Medical Center/Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Ruth Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jacqueline M Lamour
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Daphne T Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Jaeun Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Neha Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York.
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16
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Perillo EF, Canciello G, Borrelli F, Todde G, Imbriaco M, Ordine L, Di Napoli S, Lombardi R, Esposito G, Losi MA. Diagnosis and Clinical Implication of Left Ventricular Aneurysm in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111848. [PMID: 37296698 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Within the broad phenotypic expression of HCM, there is a subgroup of patients with a left ventricular (LV) apical aneurysm, which has an estimated prevalence between 2% and 5%. LV apical aneurysm is characterized by an area of apical dyskinesis or akinesis, often associated with regional scarring. To date, the most accepted pathomechanism of this complication is, in absence of coronary artery disease, the high systolic intra-aneurysmal pressure, which, combined with impaired diastolic perfusion from lower stroke volume, results in supply-demand ischemia and myocardial injury. Apical aneurysm is increasingly recognized as a poor prognostic marker; however, the efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation and/or intracardiac cardioverted defibrillator (ICD) in improving morbidity and mortality is not yet clearly demonstrated. This review aims to elucidate the mechanism, diagnosis and clinical implication of LV aneurysm in patients with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grazia Canciello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Borrelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Todde
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Imbriaco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Ordine
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Napoli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria-Angela Losi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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17
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Zampieri M, Salvi S, Fumagalli C, Argirò A, Zocchi C, Del Franco A, Iannaccone G, Giovani S, Ferrantini C, Palinkas ED, Cappelli F, Olivotto I. Clinical scenarios of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related mortality: Relevance of age and stage of disease at presentation. Int J Cardiol 2023; 374:65-72. [PMID: 36621577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolving epidemiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has progressively changed our perception of HCM-related mortality. However, recent studies detailing individual causes of death based on age and clinical setting are lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the modes of death in a consecutive cohort of HCM patients based on presenting clinical features and stage of disease. METHODS By retrospective analysis of a large HCM cohort, we identified 161 patients with >1 year follow-up who died between 2000 and 2020 and thoroughly investigated their modes of death. HCM stage at presentation was defined as "classic", "adverse remodeling" or "overt dysfunction". RESULTS Of the 161 patients, 103 (64%) died of HCM-related causes, whereas 58 (36%) died of non-HCM-related causes. Patients who died of HCM-related causes were younger than those who died of non-HCM related causes. The most common cause of death was heart failure (HF). Sudden cardiac death (SCD) ranked third, after non cardiovascular death, and mostly occurred in young individuals. The proportion of HF related death and SCD per stage of disease was 14% and 27% in "classic", 38% and 21% in "adverse remodeling" and 74% and 10% in "overt dysfunction". CONCLUSIONS Most HCM patients die due to complications of their own disease, mainly in the context of HF. While SCD tends to be juvenile, HF related deaths often occur in age groups no longer amenable to cardiac transplant. Modes of death vary with the stage of disease, with SCD becoming less prevalent in more advanced phases, when competitive risk of HF becomes overwhelming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Pediatric Cardiology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuele Salvi
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Fumagalli
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Argirò
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zocchi
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Del Franco
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannaccone
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Giovani
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florencce, Italy
| | - Eszter Dalma Palinkas
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Pediatric Cardiology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florencce, Italy
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18
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Multimodality Imaging in Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Get It Right…on Time. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010171. [PMID: 36676118 PMCID: PMC9863627 DOI: 10.3390/life13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) follows highly variable paradigms and disease-specific patterns of progression towards heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, a generalized standard approach, shared with other cardiomyopathies, can be misleading in this setting. A multimodality imaging approach facilitates differential diagnosis of phenocopies and improves clinical and therapeutic management of the disease. However, only a profound knowledge of the progression patterns, including clinical features and imaging data, enables an appropriate use of all these resources in clinical practice. Combinations of various imaging tools and novel techniques of artificial intelligence have a potentially relevant role in diagnosis, clinical management and definition of prognosis. Nonetheless, several barriers persist such as unclear appropriate timing of imaging or universal standardization of measures and normal reference limits. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on multimodality imaging and potentialities of novel tools, including artificial intelligence, in the management of patients with sarcomeric HCM, highlighting the importance of specific "red alerts" to understand the phenotype-genotype linkage.
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19
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Gartzonikas IK, Naka KK, Anastasakis A. Current and emerging perspectives on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hellenic J Cardiol 2022; 70:65-74. [PMID: 36403865 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetically inherited cardiomyopathy with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. A disease-causing gene is found between 34% and >60% of the times and the two most frequently mutated genes, which encode sarcomeric proteins, are MYBPC3 and MYH7. HCM is a diagnosis of exclusion since secondary causes of left ventricular hypertrophy should first be ruled out. These include hypertension, aortic stenosis, infiltrative disease, metabolic and endocrine disorders, mitochondrial cardiomyopathies, neuromuscular disorders, malformation syndromes and some chronic drug use. The disease is characterized by great heterogeneity of its clinical manifestations, however diastolic dysfunction and increased ventricular arrhythmogenesis are commonly seen. Current HCM therapies focus on symptom management and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Symptom management includes the use of pharmacological agents, elimination of medication promoting outflow track obstruction, control of comorbid conditions and invasive procedures, whereas in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, implantable cardiac defibrillators and antiarrhythmic drugs are used. A targeted therapy for LVOTO represented by allosteric cardiac myosin inhibitors has been developed. In terms of sport participation, a more liberal approach is recently recommended, after careful evaluation and common-shared decision. The application of the current therapies has lowered HCM mortality rates to <1.0%/year, however it appears to have shifted focus to heart failure and atrial fibrillation, as the predominant causes of disease-related morbidity and mortality and, therefore, unmet treatment need. With improved understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of HCM, the present decade will witness novel treatments for disease prevention and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias K Gartzonikas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina K Naka
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aris Anastasakis
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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20
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited heart disease, is still orphan of a specific drug treatment. The erroneous consideration of HCM as a rare disease has hampered the design and conduct of large, randomized trials in the last 50 years, and most of the indications in the current guidelines are derived from small non-randomized studies, case series, or simply from the consensus of experts. Guideline-directed therapy of HCM includes non-selective drugs such as disopyramide, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, or β-adrenergic receptor blockers, mainly used in patients with symptomatic obstruction of the outflow tract. Following promising preclinical studies, several drugs acting on potential HCM-specific targets were tested in patients. Despite the huge efforts, none of these studies was able to change clinical practice for HCM patients, because tested drugs were proven to be scarcely effective or hardly tolerated in patients. However, novel compounds have been developed in recent years specifically for HCM, addressing myocardial hypercontractility and altered energetics in a direct manner, through allosteric inhibition of myosin. In this paper, we will critically review the use of different classes of drugs in HCM patients, starting from "old" established agents up to novel selective drugs that have been recently trialed in patients.
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21
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Nagueh SF, Phelan D, Abraham T, Armour A, Desai MY, Dragulescu A, Gilliland Y, Lester SJ, Maldonado Y, Mohiddin S, Nieman K, Sperry BW, Woo A. Recommendations for Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2022; 35:533-569. [PMID: 35659037 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of other potentially causative cardiac, systemic, syndromic, or metabolic diseases. Symptoms can be related to a range of pathophysiologic mechanisms including left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with or without significant mitral regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction with heart failure with preserved and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, autonomic dysfunction, ischemia, and arrhythmias. Appropriate understanding and utilization of multimodality imaging is fundamental to accurate diagnosis as well as longitudinal care of patients with HCM. Resting and stress imaging provide comprehensive and complementary information to help clarify mechanism(s) responsible for symptoms such that appropriate and timely treatment strategies may be implemented. Advanced imaging is relied upon to guide certain treatment options including septal reduction therapy and mitral valve repair. Using both clinical and imaging parameters, enhanced algorithms for sudden cardiac death risk stratification facilitate selection of HCM patients most likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Saidi Mohiddin
- Inherited/Acquired Myocardial Diseases, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Koen Nieman
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology (CV Imaging), Stanford University Medical Center, CA
| | - Brett W Sperry
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Anna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Naeemah QJ, Komatsu Y, Nogami A, Sekiguchi Y, Igarashi M, Yamasaki H, Shinoda Y, Aonuma K, Ieda M. Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Dilated‐Phase Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Substrate Characterization and Ablation Outcome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:773-785. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qasim J. Naeemah
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Yukio Sekiguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Miyako Igarashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Hiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Shinoda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tennodai Japan
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23
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Suay-Corredera C, Alegre-Cebollada J. The mechanics of the heart: zooming in on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cMyBP-C. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:703-746. [PMID: 35224729 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease characterized by cardiac muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility, is the most frequently inherited disorder of the heart. HCM is mainly caused by variants in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere, the basic contractile unit of cardiomyocytes. The most frequently mutated among them is MYBPC3, which encodes cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a key regulator of sarcomere contraction. In this review, we summarize clinical and genetic aspects of HCM and provide updated information on the function of the healthy and HCM sarcomere, as well as on emerging therapeutic options targeting sarcomere mechanical activity. Building on what is known about cMyBP-C activity, we examine different pathogenicity drivers by which MYBPC3 variants can cause disease, focussing on protein haploinsufficiency as a common pathomechanism also in nontruncating variants. Finally, we discuss recent evidence correlating altered cMyBP-C mechanical properties with HCM development.
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24
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Lee HJ, Kim J, Chang SA, Kim YJ, Kim HK, Lee SC. Major Clinical Issues in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:563-575. [PMID: 35929051 PMCID: PMC9353251 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
By actively implementing contemporary management strategies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, morbidity and mortality can be substantially reduced. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and management of the major clinical issues in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including sudden cardiac death, atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and heart failure progression. Although echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging currently play an essential and complementary role in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, further studies are needed to establish how developing techniques such as myocardial deformation and late gadolinium enhancement can provide better risk stratification and guide treatment. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common inheritable cardiomyopathies. Contemporary management strategies, including the advent of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and effective anticoagulation, have substantially improved the clinical course of HCM patients; however, the disease burden of HCM is still high in Korea. Sudden cardiac death (SCD), atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and heart failure (HF) progression remain important issues in HCM. SCD in HCM can be effectively prevented with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. However, appropriate patient selection is important for primary prevention, and the 5-year SCD risk score and the presence of major SCD risk factors should be considered. Anticoagulation should be initiated in all HCM patients with atrial fibrillation regardless of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are the first option. Symptomatic dynamic LVOT obstruction is first treated medically with negative inotropes, and if symptoms persist, septal reduction therapy is considered. The recently approved myosin inhibitor mavacamten is promising. HF in HCM is usually related to diastolic dysfunction, while about 5% of HCM patients show reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, also referred to as “end-stage” HCM. Myocardial fibrosis plays an important role in the progression to advanced HF in patients with HCM. Patients who do not respond to guideline-directed medical therapy can be considered for heart transplantation. The development of imaging techniques, such as myocardial deformation on echocardiography and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance, can provide better risk evaluation and decision-making for management strategies in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-A Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Shi R, Shi K, Huang S, Li X, Xia CC, Li Y, He S, Li ZL, He Y, Guo YK, Yang ZG. Association Between Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Impaired Left Atrial Phasic Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation by Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 56:248-259. [PMID: 34799953 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of heart failure (HF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) manifests as a phenotype with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction; however, the exact contribution of left atrial (LA) phasic function to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in HCM remains unresolved. PURPOSE To define the association between LA function and HFpEF in HCM patients using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature tracking. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION One hundred and fifty-four HCM patients (HFpEF vs. non-HF: 55 [34 females] vs. 99 [43 females]). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/balanced steady-state free precession. ASSESSMENT LA reservoir function (reservoir strain [εs ], total ejection fraction [EF]), conduit function (conduit strain [εe ], passive EF), booster-pump function (booster strain [εa ] and active EF), LA volume index, and LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) were evaluated in HCM patients. STATISTICAL TESTS Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, and net reclassification analysis were used. Two-sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS No significant difference was found in LV GLS between the non-HF and HFpEF group (-10.67 ± 3.14% vs. -10.14 ± 4.01%, P = 0.397), whereas the HFpEF group had more severely impaired LA phasic strain (εs : 27.40 [22.60, 35.80] vs. 18.15 [11.98, 25.90]; εe : 13.80 [9.20, 18.90] vs. 7.95 [4.30, 14.35]; εa : 13.50 [9.90, 17.10] vs. 7.90 [5.40, 14.15]). LA total EF (37.91 [29.54, 47.94] vs. 47.49 [39.18, 55.01]), passive EF (14.70 [7.41, 21.49] vs. 18.07 [9.32, 24.78]), and active EF (27.19 [17.79, 36.60] vs. 36.64 [26.63, 42.71]) were all significantly decreased in HFpEF patients compared with non-HF patients. LA reservoir (β = 0.90 [0.85, 0.96]), conduit (β = 0.93 [0.87, 0.99]), and booster (β = 0.86 [0.78, 0.95]) strain were independently associated with HFpEF in HCM patients. The model including reservoir strain (Net Reclassification Index [NRI]: 0.260) or booster strain (NRI: 0.325) improved the reclassification of HFpEF based on LV GLS and minimum left atrial volume index (LAVImin ). DATA CONCLUSION LA phasic function was severely impaired in HCM patients with HFpEF, whereas LV function was not further impaired compared with non-HF patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Chao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Russo D, Sclafani M, Tini G, Musumeci MB, Arcari L, Limite LR, Francia P, Autore C. Prognostic implications of different clinical profiles in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:189-206. [PMID: 34713676 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial genetic disease relatively common in the general population with heterogenous clinical presentation, natural history and prognosis. About 60% of HCM patients have a stable clinical course, while others may experience a variety of HCMrelated complications which follows relatively independent pathways, and that can be distinguished in different subgroups. These subgroups are represented by patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; patients with end-stage disease and reduced or preserved systolic function; patients with apical hypertrophy; patients with apical aneurysm; patients with atrial fibrillation, patients at high risk of sudden death and patients with pre-clinical HCM. The purpose of this review is to describe each of these clinical profiles with its prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Russo
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Sclafani
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tini
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria B Musumeci
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Arcari
- Cardiology Unit, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca R Limite
- Arrhythmia Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Autore
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy -
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27
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Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Wells S, Burrows A, Firely C, Koethe B, Patel AR, Maron MS. Usefulness of Global Longitudinal Strain to Predict Heart Failure Progression in Patients With Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2021; 151:86-92. [PMID: 34167691 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While predicting prognosis to anticipate adverse disease course has long been an aspiration in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), reliable markers of progressive and unrelenting heart failure symptoms in the absence of obstruction are not well characterized. We sought to evaluate markers of systolic function, including the role of global longitudinal strain (GLS), to identify nonobstructive HC patients at risk for future heart failure. A cohort of 296 consecutive nonobstructive HC patients (42 ± 18years; 75% male) with NYHA class I/II symptoms and preserved systolic function at study entry (EF: 65 ± 6%), were followed for progressive heart failure symptoms (increase in ≥ 1 NYHA functional class) and/or development of systolic dysfunction (EF < 50%). Over median follow-up of 4 ± 3 years, 35 study patients (10%) experienced new heart failure events, including 31 with progressive symptoms and 4 who developed systolic dysfunction. Abnormal GLS < 16% was associated with a 5-fold increase in risk for heart failure compared to GLS > 18% (p < 0.001). GLS remained an independent predictor of heart failure even after adjustment for other relevant disease variables including EF (OR 1.23, p = 0.005). However, notably, when GLS and EF were combined, the prediction of heart failure for individual patients was enhanced (net reclassification improvement 0.55; p = 0.002). Together, GLS < 16% and EF 50% to 59% were associated with a 12.5-fold greater risk for heart failure versus patients with GLS > 18% and EF ≥ 60%, who were at the lowest risk. In conclusion, in nonobstructive HC with no or mild symptoms and preserved EF, abnormal GLS is a strong independent predictor for subsequent development of progressive heart failure symptoms and/or systolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the greatest power in predicting outcome in nonobstructive HC is achieved by combining GLS with EF to identify HC patients at the highest risk for heart failure progression and systolic dysfunction.
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28
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Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, Evanovich LL, Hung J, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kimmelstiel C, Kittleson M, Link MS, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Miyake CY, Schaff HV, Semsarian C, Sorajja P, O'Gara PT, Beckman JA, Levine GN, Al-Khatib SM, Armbruster A, Birtcher KK, Ciggaroa J, Dixon DL, de Las Fuentes L, Deswal A, Fleisher LA, Gentile F, Goldberger ZD, Gorenek B, Haynes N, Hernandez AF, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Jones WS, Marine JE, Mark D, Palaniappan L, Piano MR, Tamis-Holland J, Wijeysundera DN, Woo YJ. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:e23-e106. [PMID: 33926766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Zampieri M, Berteotti M, Ferrantini C, Tassetti L, Gabriele M, Tomberli B, Castelli G, Cappelli F, Stefàno P, Marchionni N, Coppini R, Olivotto I. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Perspectives. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:169-179. [PMID: 34148184 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide a state of the art of therapeutic options in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), focusing on recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of sarcomeric disease. RECENT FINDINGS A wealth of novel information regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the clinical phenotype and natural history of HCM have been developed over the last two decades. Such advances have only recently led to a number of controlled randomized studies, often limited in size and fortune. Recently, however, the allosteric inhibitors of cardiac myosin adenosine triphosphatase, countering the main pathophysiological abnormality associated with HCM-causing mutations, i.e. hypercontractility, have opened new management perspectives. Mavacamten is the first drug specifically developed for HCM used in a successful phase 3 trial, with the promise to reach symptomatic obstructive patients in the near future. In addition, the fine characterization of cardiomyocyte electrophysiological remodelling has recently highlighted relevant therapeutic targets. Current therapies for HCM focus on late disease manifestations without addressing the intrinsic pathological mechanisms. However, novel evidence-based approaches have opened the way for agents targeting HCM molecular substrates. The impact of these targeted interventions will hopefully alter the natural history of the disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Martina Berteotti
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Tassetti
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Gabriele
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Tomberli
- Division of Interventional Structural Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Castelli
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Division of Interventional Structural Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stefàno
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Division of General Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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30
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Loyaga-Rendon RY, Fermin D, Jani M, Gonzalez M, Grayburn R, Lee S, Dickinson MG, Manandhar-Shrestha NK, Boeve T, Jovinge S, Leacche M. Changes in heart transplant waitlist and posttransplant outcomes in patients with restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the new heart transplant allocation system. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1255-1262. [PMID: 32978873 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Historically, patients with restrictive (RCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) experienced longer wait-times for heart transplant (HT) and increased waitlist mortality. Recently, a new HT allocation system was implemented in the United States. We sought to determine the impact of the new HT system on RCM/HCM patients. Adult patients with RCM/HCM listed for HT between November 2015 and September 2019 were identified from the UNOS database. Patients were stratified into two groups: old system and new system. We identified 872 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of these, 608 and 264 were classified in the old and new system groups, respectively. The time in the waitlist was shorter (25 vs. 54 days, P < .001), with an increased frequency of HT in the new system (74% vs. 68%, P = .024). Patients who were transplanted in the new system had a longer ischemic time, increased use of temporary mechanical circulatory support and mechanical ventilation. There was no difference in posttransplant survival at 9 months (91.1% vs. 88.9%) (p = .4). We conclude that patients with RCM/HCM have benefited from the new HT allocation system, with increased access to HT without affecting short-term posttransplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Y Loyaga-Rendon
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - David Fermin
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Milena Jani
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Matthew Gonzalez
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Ryan Grayburn
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Michael G Dickinson
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Theodore Boeve
- Division of Cardio Thoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- Frederik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program, Van Andel Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Marzia Leacche
- Division of Cardio Thoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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31
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Emerging Medical Treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050951. [PMID: 33804412 PMCID: PMC7957690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common myocardial disease characterized by otherwise unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. The main cause of disabling symptoms in patients with HCM is left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. This phenomenon is multifactorial, determined both by anatomical and functional abnormalities: myocardial hypercontractility is believed to represent one of its major determinants. The anatomical anomalies are targeted by surgical interventions, whereas attenuating hypercontractility is the objective of old and new drugs including the novel class of allosteric myosin inhibitors. This review summarizes the current treatment modalities and discusses the emerging therapeutical opportunities focusing on the recently developed cardiac myosin ATPase inhibitors Mavacamten and CK-274. Novel surgical and interventional approaches are also discussed.
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32
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Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, Evanovich LL, Hung J, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kimmelstiel C, Kittleson M, Link MS, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Miyake CY, Schaff HV, Semsarian C, Sorajja P. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:3022-3055. [PMID: 33229115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This executive summary of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical practice guideline provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to diagnose and manage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adult and pediatric patients as well as supporting documentation to encourage their use. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 1, 2010, to April 30, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. STRUCTURE Many recommendations from the earlier hypertrophic cardiomyopathy guidelines have been updated with new evidence or a better understanding of earlier evidence. This summary operationalizes the recommendations from the full guideline and presents a combination of diagnostic work-up, genetic and family screening, risk stratification approaches, lifestyle modifications, surgical and catheter interventions, and medications that constitute components of guideline directed medical therapy. For both guideline-directed medical therapy and other recommended drug treatment regimens, the reader is advised to follow dosing, contraindications and drug-drug interactions based on product insert materials.
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33
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Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, Evanovich LL, Hung J, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kimmelstiel C, Kittleson M, Link MS, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Miyake CY, Schaff HV, Semsarian C, Sorajja P. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2020; 142:e533-e557. [PMID: 33215938 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim This executive summary of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical practice guideline provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to diagnose and manage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adult and pediatric patients as well as supporting documentation to encourage their use. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 1, 2010, to April 30, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Structure Many recommendations from the earlier hypertrophic cardiomyopathy guidelines have been updated with new evidence or a better understanding of earlier evidence. This summary operationalizes the recommendations from the full guideline and presents a combination of diagnostic work-up, genetic and family screening, risk stratification approaches, lifestyle modifications, surgical and catheter interventions, and medications that constitute components of guideline directed medical therapy. For both guideline-directed medical therapy and other recommended drug treatment regimens, the reader is advised to follow dosing, contraindications and drug-drug interactions based on product insert materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anita Deswal
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
- HFSA Representative
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34
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Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, Evanovich LL, Hung J, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kimmelstiel C, Kittleson M, Link MS, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Miyake CY, Schaff HV, Semsarian C, Sorajja P. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:e159-e240. [PMID: 33229116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, Evanovich LL, Hung J, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kimmelstiel C, Kittleson M, Link MS, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Miyake CY, Schaff HV, Semsarian C, Sorajja P. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 142:e558-e631. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anita Deswal
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
- HFSA Representative
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36
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Dalzell JR, Connolly EC, Cannon JA. The LVAD in the Management of Advanced Heart Failure Due to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Vallabhaneni S, Singh A, Meera SJ, Shirani J. Cardiac transplantation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the United States 2003-2011. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2020; 10:129-133. [PMID: 33409127 PMCID: PMC7771619 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_82_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac transplant (CT) is the sole option in a minority of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) adults with refractory symptoms or end-stage disease. Aims/Methods: We aimed to examine the trends and hospital outcomes of CT in HC using 2003-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Results: HC comprised 1.1% of CT (151 of 14,277) performed during this time period (age 45±12 years, 67% male, 79% Caucasians). Number of HC CT increased from 2003 to 2011 (odds ratio=1.174; 95% confidence interval=1.102-1.252; P< 0.001). Comorbidities included congestive heart failure (76%), hypertension (23%), chronic kidney disease (23%), hyperlipidemia (19%), diabetes (13%), and coronary artery disease (10%). Acute in-hospital major adverse events occurred in 1 in 4 (23%) patient and 1 in 25 (3.8%) patients died perioperatively. Other major adverse events included allograft rejection or vasculopathy (23%), postoperative stroke or transient ischemic attack (3.5%), acute renal failure (43%), respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (13%), sepsis (10%) or need for blood transfusion (10%). Compared to 1990-2004 United Network of Organ Sharing registry data (n=303), patients in current cohort had more comorbid conditions [diabetes (13%-vs-0%); chronic obstructive lung disease (9%-vs-1%); P < 0.001 for both), were more likely to be male (66%-vs-48% P< 0.001), were less likely to be Caucasian (79%-vs-86%; P < 0.001) or smokers (3%-vs-17%; P < 0.001) and less often required perioperative circulatory support or hemodialysis (17%-vs-49%, P < 0.001 and 3.2%-vs-8.3%, P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: HC comprises a small proportion of patients undergoing CT. The annual number of CT in HC has increased in recent years at least in part due to inclusion of patients with more comorbid conditions. Transplant recipients in the current cohort, however, required less postoperative circulatory support or renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amitoj Singh
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Srinidhi J Meera
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Jamshid Shirani
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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38
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Masarone D, Melillo E, Valente F, Petraio A, Limongelli G, Verrengia M, Gravino R, Ammendola E, D'Alterio G, Vastarella R, Pacileo G. Use of sacubitril/valsartan as 'bridge to transplant' in patients with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:89-94. [PMID: 32723181 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The end stage or burned-out phase is an uncommon but challenging clinical evolution of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The management of end-stage HCM is empirically based on the use of drugs approved for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; however, cardiac transplantation often represents the best option to improve survival. In our case, we describe the use of sacubitril/valsartan as a 'bridge to transplant' in a patient with end-stage HCM. After introducing the drug, enhancements in functional capacity, a reduction in natriuretic peptides and an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction occurred. Given their improved volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) peak and hemodynamic parameters, our patient was left off the waiting list for cardiac transplant and continues to be regularly followed-up with every 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Masarone
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Enrico Melillo
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Fabio Valente
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Andrea Petraio
- Heart Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation. AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Rare Disease Unit, Department of Cardiology. AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Luigi Vanvitelli University, Naples 80100, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London, London, WC1E 6B, UK
| | - Marina Verrengia
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Rita Gravino
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ammendola
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Giuliano D'Alterio
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Rossella Vastarella
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pacileo
- Heart Failure & Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80100, Italy
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39
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Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:3033-3043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Rowin EJ, Maron MS, Bhatt V, Gillam L, Maron BJ. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in "Real-World" Community Cardiology Practice. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:1398-1403. [PMID: 32151436 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in presentation and natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) between community cardiology practice and referral centers has been a source of considerable uncertainty. We report here a cross-sectional analysis of 253 consecutive HC patients from a "real-world" clinical cardiology setting. When compared with a highly selected referral center cohort, patients in clinical practice proved to be similar with regard to disease expression such as left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, outflow obstruction, and natural history, including stable and largely benign clinical course with no or mild symptoms (61% in community practice vs. 55% in referred patients, p = 0.23), occurrence of atrial fibrillation (22% vs. 24%, p = 0.75) and nonfatal sudden death (SD) events (3% vs. 4%, p = 0.8). In contrast, progressive heart failure symptoms were most common in the referral cohort (36% vs. 26%, p = 0.04). In clinical practice, SD was prevented by prophylactic implatable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in 5 of 44 patients (11%), although risk was overestimated in 6 patients who were implanted with ICDs in the absence of risk markers (14%). In 16 of 61 (26%) severely symptomatic drug-refractory patients with LV outflow obstruction, recommendation for surgical myectomy (or alcohol septal ablation) was delayed. In conclusion, clinical characteristics and course of HC patients in community practice were generally similar to those in HC referral centers. Community cardiologists managed HC patients predominantly in concert with guideline-based strategies, although risk for SD could be overestimated, and the significance of outflow obstruction with timely reversal of refractory heart failure by intervention was underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Rowin
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Institute, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Chanin T. Mast Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey.
| | - Martin S Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Institute, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Chanin T. Mast Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Viraj Bhatt
- Chanin T. Mast Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Linda Gillam
- Chanin T. Mast Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Barry J Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Institute, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Chanin T. Mast Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
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41
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Marstrand P, Han L, Day SM, Olivotto I, Ashley EA, Michels M, Pereira AC, Wittekind SG, Helms A, Saberi S, Jacoby D, Ware JS, Colan SD, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Lakdawala NK, Ho CY. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Insights From the SHaRe Registry. Circulation 2020; 141:1371-1383. [PMID: 32228044 PMCID: PMC7182243 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "end stage" has been used to describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), defined as occurring when left ventricular ejection fraction is <50%. The prognosis of HCM-LVSD has reportedly been poor, but because of its relative rarity, the natural history remains incompletely characterized. METHODS Data from 11 high-volume HCM specialty centers making up the international SHaRe Registry (Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry) were used to describe the natural history of patients with HCM-LVSD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of prognosis and incident development. RESULTS From a cohort of 6793 patients with HCM, 553 (8%) met the criteria for HCM-LVSD. Overall, 75% of patients with HCM-LVSD experienced clinically relevant events, and 35% met the composite outcome (all-cause death [n=128], cardiac transplantation [n=55], or left ventricular assist device implantation [n=9]). After recognition of HCM-LVSD, the median time to composite outcome was 8.4 years. However, there was substantial individual variation in natural history. Significant predictors of the composite outcome included the presence of multiple pathogenic/likely pathogenic sarcomeric variants (hazard ratio [HR], 5.6 [95% CI, 2.3-13.5]), atrial fibrillation (HR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.7-3.5]), and left ventricular ejection fraction <35% (HR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.3-2.8]). The incidence of new HCM-LVSD was ≈7.5% over 15 years. Significant predictors of developing incident HCM-LVSD included greater left ventricular cavity size (HR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0-1.3] and wall thickness (HR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4]), left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% to 60% (HR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.2, 2.8]-2.8 [95% CI, 1.8-4.2]) at baseline evaluation, the presence of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.0-4.9]), and the presence of a pathogenic/likely pathogenic sarcomeric variant, particularly in thin filament genes (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.0-2.1] and 2.5 [95% CI, 1.2-5.1], respectively). CONCLUSIONS HCM-LVSD affects ≈8% of patients with HCM. Although the natural history of HCM-LVSD was variable, 75% of patients experienced adverse events, including 35% experiencing a death equivalent an estimated median time of 8.4 years after developing systolic dysfunction. In addition to clinical features, genetic substrate appears to play a role in both prognosis (multiple sarcomeric variants) and the risk for incident development of HCM-LVSD (thin filament variants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marstrand
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (P.M., N.K.L., C.Y.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark (P.M.)
| | - Larry Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.H.)
| | - Sharlene M. Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O.)
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Stanford Center for Inherited Heart Disease, CA (E.A.A.)
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.M.)
| | - Alexandre C. Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (A.C.P.)
| | | | - Adam Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (A.H., S.S.)
| | - Sara Saberi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (A.H., S.S.)
| | | | - James S. Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.S.W.)
| | - Steven D. Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA (S.D.C.)
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (C.S., J.I.)
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (C.S., J.I.)
| | - Neal K. Lakdawala
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (P.M., N.K.L., C.Y.H.)
| | - Carolyn Y. Ho
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (P.M., N.K.L., C.Y.H.)
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42
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Seferović PM, Polovina M, Bauersachs J, Arad M, Gal TB, Lund LH, Felix SB, Arbustini E, Caforio AL, Farmakis D, Filippatos GS, Gialafos E, Kanjuh V, Krljanac G, Limongelli G, Linhart A, Lyon AR, Maksimović R, Miličić D, Milinković I, Noutsias M, Oto A, Oto Ö, Pavlović SU, Piepoli MF, Ristić AD, Rosano GM, Seggewiss H, Ašanin M, Seferović JP, Ruschitzka F, Čelutkiene J, Jaarsma T, Mueller C, Moura B, Hill L, Volterrani M, Lopatin Y, Metra M, Backs J, Mullens W, Chioncel O, Boer RA, Anker S, Rapezzi C, Coats AJ, Tschöpe C. Heart failure in cardiomyopathies: a position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:553-576. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petar M. Seferović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Polovina
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyMedical School Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Michael Arad
- Cardiomyopathy Clinic and Heart Failure Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Department of CardiologyRabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | - Alida L.P. Caforio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Dimitrios Farmakis
- University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Heart Failure Unit, Department of CardiologyAthens University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Gerasimos S. Filippatos
- University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Heart Failure Unit, Department of CardiologyAthens University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Elias Gialafos
- Second Department of CardiologyHeart Failure and Preventive Cardiology Section, Henry Dunant Hospital Athens Greece
| | | | - Gordana Krljanac
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Università della Campania ‘Luigi VanvitellI’Monaldi Hospital, AORN Colli, Centro di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Ospedale Monaldi, AORN Colli, Naples, Italy, and UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science London UK
| | - Aleš Linhart
- Second Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGeneral University Hospital, Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital London UK
| | - Ružica Maksimović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Centre for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Centre of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Davor Miličić
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Milinković
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Mid‐German Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of CardiologyAngiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle Halle Germany
| | - Ali Oto
- Department of CardiologyHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Öztekin Oto
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine İzmir Turkey
| | - Siniša U. Pavlović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Arsen D. Ristić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Rome Italy
| | - Hubert Seggewiss
- Medizinische Klinik, Kardiologie & Internistische Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Würzburg‐Mitte Würzburg Germany
| | - Milika Ašanin
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Belgrade Serbia
- Department of CardiologyClinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena P. Seferović
- Cardiovascular DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center Serbia and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart Center Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jelena Čelutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineVilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health ScienceLinköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Brenda Moura
- Cardiology DepartmentCentro Hospitalar São João Porto Portugal
| | - Loreena Hill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | | | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Regional Cardiology Centre Volgograd Volgograd Russia
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and EpigeneticsUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- BIOMED ‐ Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- Department of CardiologyZiekenhuis Oost‐Limburg Genk Belgium
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- University of Medicine Carol Davila Bucharest Romania
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, ‘Prof. C. C. Iliescu’ Bucharest Romania
| | - Rudolf A. Boer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK)Charité Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Berlin, Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology, Department of ExperimentalDiagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Andrew J.S. Coats
- Monash University, Australia, and University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Pharmacology, Centre of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy, and St George's University of London London UK
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz‐Kreislauf‐Forschung (DZHK) Berlin, Department of CardiologyCampus Virchow Klinikum, Charite ‐ Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Olivotto I, Camici PG, Merlini PA, Rapezzi C, Patten M, Climent V, Sinagra G, Tomberli B, Marin F, Ehlermann P, Maier LS, Fornaro A, Jacobshagen C, Ganau A, Moretti L, Hernandez Madrid A, Coppini R, Reggiardo G, Poggesi C, Fattirolli F, Belardinelli L, Gensini G, Mugelli A. Efficacy of Ranolazine in Patients With Symptomatic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The RESTYLE-HCM Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004124. [PMID: 29321131 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The late sodium current inhibitor ranolazine reverses the main electrophysiological and mechanical abnormalities of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cardiomyocytes in vitro, suggesting potential clinical benefit. We aimed to assess the effect of ranolazine on functional capacity, symptomatic status, diastolic function, and arrhythmias in HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 study, 80 adult patients with nonobstructive HCM (age 53±14 years, 34 women) were randomly assigned to placebo (n=40) or ranolazine 1000 mg bid (n=40) for 5 months. The primary end point was change in peak VO2 compared with baseline using cardiopulmonary exercise test. Echocardiographic lateral and septal E/E' ratio, prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, 24-hour Holter arrhythmic profile, and quality of life were assessed. Ranolazine was safe and well tolerated. Overall, there was no significant difference in VO2 peak change at 5 months in the ranolazine versus placebo group (delta 0.15±3.96 versus -0.02±4.25 mL/kg per minute; P=0.832). Ranolazine treatment was associated with a reduction in 24-hour burden of premature ventricular complexes compared with placebo (>50% reduction versus baseline in 61% versus 31%, respectively; P=0.042). However, changes in prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels did not differ in the ranolazine compared with the placebo group (geometric mean median [interquartile range], -3 pg/mL [-107, 142 pg/mL] versus 78 pg/mL [-71, 242 pg/mL]; P=0.251). Furthermore, E/E' ratio and quality of life scores showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS In patients with nonobstructive HCM, ranolazine showed no overall effect on exercise performance, plasma prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, diastolic function, or quality of life. The drug showed an excellent safety profile and was associated with reduced premature ventricular complex burden. Late sodium current inhibition does not seem to improve functional capacity in HCM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Unique identifier: 2011-004507-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Olivotto
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Paolo G Camici
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Piera Angelica Merlini
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Monica Patten
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Vicent Climent
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Benedetta Tomberli
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.).
| | - Francisco Marin
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Philipp Ehlermann
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Lars S Maier
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Alessandra Fornaro
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Claudius Jacobshagen
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Antonello Ganau
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Luciano Moretti
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Antonio Hernandez Madrid
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Giorgio Reggiardo
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Luiz Belardinelli
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Gensini
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- >From the Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., B.T., A.F.); Vita Salute University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (P.G.C.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy (P.A.M.); Ospedale S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (C.R.); Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany (M.P.); Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL - FISABIO, Alicante, Spain (V.C.); Cardiovascular Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (G.S.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (F.M.); University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (P.E.); University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (L.S.M.); Herz zentrum Georg-August-Universitaet, Göttingen, Germany (C.J.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology, Sassari Hospital, Sassari, Italy (A.G.); Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy (L.M.); Hospital Ramòn y Cajal, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain (A.H.M.); Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Italy (R.C., A.M.); Medi Service, Genoa, Italy (G.R.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (C.P., F.F.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (L.B.); and CESMAV, Florence, Italy (G.G.)
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Songsirisuk N, Kittipibul V, Methachittiphan N, Charoenattasil V, Zungsontiporn N, Spanuchart I, Buppajarntham S, Mankongpaisarnrung C, Satitthummanid S, Srimahachota S, Chattranukulchai P, Boonyaratavej Songmuang S, Puwanant S. Modes of death and clinical outcomes in adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Thailand. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:1. [PMID: 30606129 PMCID: PMC6318850 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data about modes of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in South East Asian population. The aim of the study was to examine modes of death and clinical outcomes in Thai patients with HCM. Methods Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013, 166 consecutive patients with HCM diagnosed in our institution were evaluated. Five patients were excluded because of non-Thai ethnic groups (n = 3) and diagnosis of myocardial infarction at initial presentation documented by coronary angiography (n = 2). The final study population consisted of 161 patients with HCM. HCM-related deaths included: (1) sudden cardiac death (SCD) – death due to sudden cardiac arrest or unexpected sudden death; (2) heart failure – death due to refractory heart failure; or (3) stroke - death due to embolic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation. MACEs included: (1) SCD, sudden unexpected aborted cardiac arrest, fatal, or nonfatal ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia); (2) heart failure (fatal or non-fatal), or heart transplantation; or (3) stroke - fatal or non-fatal embolic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation. Results One hundred and sixty-one Thai patients with HCM (age 66 ± 16 years, 58% female) were enrolled. Forty-two patients (26%) died over a median follow-up period of 6.8 years including 25 patients (16%) with HCM-related deaths (2%/year). The HCM-related deaths included: heart failure (52% of HCM-related deaths; n = 13), SCD (44% of HCM-related deaths; n = 11), and stroke (4% of HCM-related deaths, n = 1). The SCDs occurred in 6.8% of patients (1%/year). Eighty-four major MACEs occurred in 65 patients (41, 5%/year). The MACEs included: 40 heart failures in which 2 patients underwent heart transplants; 22 SCDs and nonfatal ventricular arrhythmias; and 22 fatal or nonfatal strokes. Conclusions The most common mode of death in adult patients with HCM in Thailand was heart failure followed by SCD. About one-third of the patients experiencing heart failure died during the 6.8 years of follow-up. SCDs occurred in 7% of patients (1%/year), predominantly in the fourth decade or later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakorn Songsirisuk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Veraprapas Kittipibul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Methachittiphan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorawan Charoenattasil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nath Zungsontiporn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ittikorn Spanuchart
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Saranya Buppajarntham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charoen Mankongpaisarnrung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Satitthummanid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphot Srimahachota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pairoj Chattranukulchai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Smonporn Boonyaratavej Songmuang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Puwanant
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Cardiac Center, Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart disease with heterogeneous clinical features, including progression to advanced heart failure. The development of these symptoms can be related to outflow obstruction but in some patients reflects an underlying process of fibrosis and progressive ventricular dysfunction. For patients with end-stage disease, traditional heart failure therapies have not proved beneficial. As such, more advanced therapies, such as left ventricular assist device or cardiac transplantation, should be considered for these patients. Although left ventricular assist device support is used infrequently due to the restrictive physiology underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, transplant represents an effective treatment, with encouraging long-term outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Levine
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Macy Pavilion, Suite 100, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | - Chhaya Aggarwal Gupta
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Macy Pavilion, Suite 100, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Alan Gass
- Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Macy Pavilion, Suite 100, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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46
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Long-term clinical course after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:527-537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Maron
- From the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center and Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston
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48
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Hiemstra YL, Debonnaire P, van Zwet EW, Bootsma M, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V, Marsan NA. Development of and Progression of Overt Heart Failure in Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:656-662. [PMID: 30205890 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Only few studies aimed at identifying predictors of heart failure (HF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) patients. Furthermore, serial echocardiographic analyses are lacking in these patients and little is known about the natural progression of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities and their association with HF development. Aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and other clinical and echocardiographic characteristics for the development of HF in patients with nonobstructive HC; furthermore, changes in echocardiographic parameters over time were correlated with HF development. Echocardiography was performed in 236 HC patients (68% men, age: 50 ± 14 years) at their initial visit and during follow-up (6.5(4.1 to 9.8) years). The end point of new HF development or progression to New York Heart Association class III/IV was noted and echocardiographic changes over time were compared among patients with and without HF using linear mixed model analysis. In total, 40 patients reached the HF end point. Multivariable cox regression analysis showed that age (HR 1.04(1.01 to 1.06), p = 0.016), New York Heart Association class (HR 2.30(1.07 to 4.95), p = 0.033), GLS (HR 1.15(1.05 to 1.22), p = 0.001), and left atrial volume (LAVI, HR 2.22(1.10 to 4.50), p = 0.027) were independently associated with the HF end point. Echocardiographic parameters, including GLS and LAVI, remained stable over time in patients without HF end point, but changed significantly in patients who developed HF (group-time interaction, p = 0.042 for GLS and p = 0.027 for LAVI). In conclusion, LV dysfunction is a progressive phenomenon in nonobstructive HC patients which can be detected by repeated echocardiography. Importantly, GLS and LAVI at baseline as well as their changes over time are associated with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine L Hiemstra
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Debonnaire
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Erik W van Zwet
- Medical Statistics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherland
| | - Marianne Bootsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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49
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Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is an elusive condition that is notorious for mimicking various cardiovascular conditions that present with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The hypertrophy in amyloidosis is typically diffuse; however, rare reports of echocardiographic resemblances with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exist, such as asymmetric septal hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Cardiac MRI can help differentiate amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in unclear situations. This differentiation from HCM and other forms of cardiomyopathy has important treatment implications. Here we present the case of a 76-year-old man with cardiomyopathy who had echocardiographic features of asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but was correctly diagnosed with amyloidosis with the help of cardiac MRI and ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubran Rind
- Michigan State University School of Human Medicine
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50
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Maron BJ, Rowin EJ, Udelson JE, Maron MS. Clinical Spectrum and Management of Heart Failure in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 6:353-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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