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Pastore MC, Campora A, Mandoli GE, Lisi M, Benfari G, Ilardi F, Malagoli A, Sperlongano S, Henein MY, Cameli M, D'Andrea A. Stress echocardiography in heart failure patients: additive value and caveats. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:1117-1133. [PMID: 39060836 PMCID: PMC11306652 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by well-defined signs and symptoms due to structural and/or myocardial functional impairment, resulting in raised intracardiac pressures and/or inadequate cardiac stroke volume at rest or during exercise. This could derive from direct ischemic myocardial injury or other chronic pathological conditions, including valvular heart disease (VHD) and primary myocardial disease. Early identification of HF etiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and initiation of early and appropriate treatment. Thus, the presence of accurate means for early diagnosis of HF symptoms or subclinical phases is fundamental, among which echocardiography being the first line diagnostic investigation. Echocardiography could be performed at rest, to identify overt structural and functional abnormalities or during physical or pharmacological stress, in order to elicit subclinical myocardial function impairment e.g. wall motion abnormalities and raised ventricular filling pressures. Beyond diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, stress echocardiography (SE) has recently shown its unique value for the evaluation of diastolic heart failure, VHD, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and pulmonary hypertension, with recommendations from international societies in several clinical settings. All these features make SE an important additional tool, not only for diagnostic assessment, but also for prognostic stratification and therapeutic management of patients with HF. In this review, the unique value of SE in the evaluation of HF patients will be described, with the objective to provide an overview of the validated methods for each setting, particularly for HF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Campora
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Lisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease - AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malagoli
- Division of Cardiology, Nephro-Cardiovascular Department, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
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Synetos A, Vlasopoulou K, Drakopoulou M, Apostolos A, Ktenopoulos N, Katsaros O, Korovesis T, Latsios G, Tsioufis K. Impact of Stress Echocardiography on Aortic Valve Stenosis Management. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3495. [PMID: 38930024 PMCID: PMC11204470 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rest and stress echocardiography (SE) play a fundamental role in the evaluation of aortic valve stenosis (AS). According to the current guidelines for the echocardiographic evaluation of patients with aortic stenosis, four broad categories can be defined: high-gradient AS (mean gradient ≥ 40 mmHg, peak velocity ≥ 4 m/s, aortic valve area (AVA) ≤ 1 cm2 or indexed AVA ≤ 0.6 cm2/m2); low-flow, low-gradient AS with reduced ejection fraction (mean gradient < 40 mmHg, AVA ≤ 1 cm2, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, stroke volume index (Svi) ≤ 35 mL/m2); low-flow, low-gradient AS with preserved ejection fraction (mean gradient < 40 mmHg, AVA ≤ 1 cm2, LVEF ≥ 50%, SVi ≤ 35 mL/m2); and normal-flow, low-gradient AS with preserved ejection fraction (mean gradient < 40 mmHg, AVA ≤ 1 cm2, indexed AVA ≤ 0.6 cm2/m2, LVEF ≥ 50%, SVi > 35 mL/m2). Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is indicated with the onset of symptoms development or LVEF reduction. However, there is often mismatch between resting transthoracic echocardiography findings and patient's symptoms. In these discordant cases, SE and CT calcium scoring are among the indicated methods to guide the management decision making. Additionally, due to the increasing evidence that in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis an early AVR instead of conservative treatment is associated with better outcomes, SE can help identify those that would benefit from an early AVR by revealing markers of poor prognosis. Low-flow, low-gradient AS represents a challenge both in diagnosis and in therapeutic management. Low-dose dobutamine SE is the recommended method to distinguish true-severe from pseudo-severe stenosis and assess the existence of flow (contractile) reserve to appropriately guide the need for intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Synetos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
- School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Cyprus
| | - Konstantina Vlasopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Maria Drakopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Anastasios Apostolos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Ktenopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Odysseas Katsaros
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Theofanis Korovesis
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - George Latsios
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kostas Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.A.); (N.K.); (O.K.); (T.K.)
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Anastasiou V, Daios S, Karamitsos T, Peteinidou E, Didagelos M, Giannakoulas G, Aggeli C, Tsioufis K, Ziakas A, Kamperidis V. Multimodality imaging for the global evaluation of aortic stenosis: The valve, the ventricle, the afterload. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024:S1050-1738(24)00015-X. [PMID: 38387745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease growing in parallel to the increment of life expectancy. Besides the valve, the degenerative process affects the aorta, impairing its elastic properties and leading to increased systemic resistance. The composite of valvular and systemic afterload mediates ventricular damage. The first step of a thorough evaluation of AS should include a detailed assessment of valvular anatomy and hemodynamics. Subsequently, the ventricle, and the global afterload should be assessed to define disease stage and prognosis. Multimodality imaging is of paramount importance for the comprehensive evaluation of these three elements. Echocardiography is the cornerstone modality whereas Multi-Detector Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance provide useful complementary information. This review comprehensively examines the merits of these imaging modalities in AS for the evaluation of the valve, the ventricle, and the afterload and ultimately endeavors to integrate them in a holistic assessment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Anastasiou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Daios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karamitsos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Peteinidou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matthaios Didagelos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantina Aggeli
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Vancheri F, Longo G, Henein MY. Left ventricular ejection fraction: clinical, pathophysiological, and technical limitations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1340708. [PMID: 38385136 PMCID: PMC10879419 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1340708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification of cardiovascular death and treatment strategies in patients with heart failure (HF), the optimal timing for valve replacement, and the selection of patients for implantable cardioverter defibrillators are based on an echocardiographic calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in most guidelines. As a marker of systolic function, LVEF has important limitations being affected by loading conditions and cavity geometry, as well as image quality, thus impacting inter- and intra-observer measurement variability. LVEF is a product of shortening of the three components of myocardial fibres: longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique. It is therefore a marker of global ejection performance based on cavity volume changes, rather than directly reflecting myocardial contractile function, hence may be normal even when myofibril's systolic function is impaired. Sub-endocardial longitudinal fibers are the most sensitive layers to ischemia, so when dysfunctional, the circumferential fibers may compensate for it and maintain the overall LVEF. Likewise, in patients with HF, LVEF is used to stratify subgroups, an approach that has prognostic implications but without a direct relationship. HF is a dynamic disease that may worsen or improve over time according to the underlying pathology. Such dynamicity impacts LVEF and its use to guide treatment. The same applies to changes in LVEF following interventional procedures. In this review, we analyze the clinical, pathophysiological, and technical limitations of LVEF across a wide range of cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vancheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, S.Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Department, S.Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Michael Y. Henein
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Lu SR, Zhu Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Deng YB, Liu YN. Incremental prognostic utility of left ventricular and left atrial strains in coronary artery disease patients with reduced systolic function. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15740. [PMID: 38284688 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial reservoir strain (LARS) on adverse events in chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with reduced systolic function. METHODS A total of 192 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with chronic CAD and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 50% were finally included. Multiple strain parameters were analyzed with speckle tracking echocardiography. The composite endpoint included all-cause mortality, rehospitalization due to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. RESULTS Patients experiencing the endpoint showed lower LVEF, lower absolute GLS and LARS than those without events. Both GLS (AUC = 0.82 [GLS] vs. 0.58 [LVEF], p < 0.001) and LARS (AUC = 0.71 [LARS] vs. 0.58 [LVEF], p = 0.033) were superior to LVEF in predicting adverse events. Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that both GLS (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.79; p < 0.001) and LARS (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98; p < 0.001) were independent predictors for the endpoint. The addition of LARS (global chi-squared, 35.7 vs. 17.4; p < 0.05), GLS (global chi-squared, 58.6 vs. 17.4; p < 0.05) or both LARS and GLS (global chi-squared, 79.6 vs. 17.4; p < 0.05) to LVEF in the prediction model significantly improved its performance. The same significant improvement was also shown in the subgroups of mild (30% < LVEF ≤ 50%) and severe (LVEF ≤ 30%) reduced systolic function. CONCLUSIONS Regarding CAD patients with reduced LVEF, both GLS and LARS are superior to LVEF in predicting adverse events, providing significant incremental value to LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rui Lu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Bin Deng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ni Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gherbesi E, Gianstefani S, Angeli F, Ryabenko K, Bergamaschi L, Armillotta M, Guerra E, Tuttolomondo D, Gaibazzi N, Squeri A, Spaziani C, Pizzi C, Carugo S. Myocardial strain of the left ventricle by speckle tracking echocardiography: From physics to clinical practice. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15753. [PMID: 38284665 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a reliable imaging technique of recognized clinical value in several settings. This method uses the motion of ultrasound backscatter speckles within echocardiographic images to derive myocardial velocities and deformation parameters, providing crucial insights on several cardiac pathological and physiological processes. Its feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy have been widely demonstrated, being myocardial strain of the various chambers inserted in diagnostic algorithms and guidelines for various pathologies. The most important parameters are Global longitudinal strain (GLS), Left atrium (LA) reservoir strain, and Global Work Index (GWI): based on large studies the average of the lower limit of normality are -16%, 23%, and 1442 mmHg%, respectively. For GWI, it should be pointed out that myocardial work relies primarily on non-invasive measurements of blood pressure and segmental strain, both of which exhibit high variability, and thus, this variability constitutes a significant limitation of this parameter. In this review, we describe the principal aspects of the theory behind the use of myocardial strain, from cardiac mechanics to image acquisition techniques, outlining its limitation, and its principal clinical applications: in particular, GLS have a role in determine subclinical myocardial dysfunction (in cardiomyopathies, cardiotoxicity, target organ damage in ambulatory patients with arterial hypertension) and LA strain in determine the risk of AF, specifically in ambulatory patients with arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gherbesi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Gianstefani
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Angeli
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Ryabenko
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Armillotta
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emiliano Guerra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Tuttolomondo
- Cardiology Division, Parma University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Gaibazzi
- Cardiology Division, Parma University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angelo Squeri
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristina Spaziani
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Almeida ALC, Melo MDTD, Bihan DCDSL, Vieira MLC, Pena JLB, Del Castillo JM, Abensur H, Hortegal RDA, Otto MEB, Piveta RB, Dantas MR, Assef JE, Beck ALDS, Santo THCE, Silva TDO, Salemi VMC, Rocon C, Lima MSM, Barberato SH, Rodrigues AC, Rabschkowisky A, Frota DDCR, Gripp EDA, Barretto RBDM, Silva SME, Cauduro SA, Pinheiro AC, Araujo SPD, Tressino CG, Silva CES, Monaco CG, Paiva MG, Fisher CH, Alves MSL, Grau CRPDC, Santos MVCD, Guimarães ICB, Morhy SS, Leal GN, Soares AM, Cruz CBBV, Guimarães Filho FV, Assunção BMBL, Fernandes RM, Saraiva RM, Tsutsui JM, Soares FLDJ, Falcão SNDRS, Hotta VT, Armstrong ADC, Hygidio DDA, Miglioranza MH, Camarozano AC, Lopes MMU, Cerci RJ, Siqueira MEMD, Torreão JA, Rochitte CE, Felix A. Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230646. [PMID: 38232246 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - José Luiz Barros Pena
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
- Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
| | | | - Henry Abensur
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vera Maria Cury Salemi
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Camila Rocon
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Márcio Silva Miguel Lima
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliza de Almeida Gripp
- Hospital Pró-Cardiaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Veronica Camara Dos Santos
- Departamento de Cardiologia Pediátrica (DCC/CP) da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Nunes Leal
- Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente do Hospital das Clinicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Daniel de Andrade Hygidio
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão, SC - Brasil
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC - Brasil
| | - Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza
- EcoHaertel - Hospital Mae de Deus, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Andion Torreão
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA - Brasil
- Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Alex Felix
- Diagnósticos da América SA (DASA), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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8
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Winkler NE, Anwer S, Reeve KA, Michel JM, Kasel AM, Tanner FC. Right vs. left ventricular longitudinal strain for mortality prediction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1252872. [PMID: 37745112 PMCID: PMC10513390 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims at exploring biventricular remodelling and its implications for outcome in a representative patient cohort with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods and results Pre-interventional echocardiographic examinations of 100 patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI were assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography of both ventricles. Association with mortality was determined for right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), RV free wall strain (RVFWS) and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS). During a median follow-up of 1,367 [959-2,123] days, 33 patients (33%) died. RVGLS was lower in non-survivors [-13.9% (-16.4 to -12.9)] than survivors [-17.1% (-20.2 to -15.2); P = 0.001]. In contrast, LVGLS as well as the conventional parameters LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and RV fractional area change (RVFAC) did not differ (P = ns). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated a reduced survival probability when RVGLS was below the -14.6% cutpoint (P < 0.001). Lower RVGLS was associated with higher mortality [HR 1.13 (95% CI 1.04-1.23); P = 0.003] independent of LVGLS, LVEF, RVFAC, and EuroSCORE II. Addition of RVGLS clearly improved the fitness of bivariable and multivariable models including LVGLS, LVEF, RVFAC, and EuroSCORE II with potential incremental value for mortality prediction. In contrast, LVGLS, LVEF, and RVFAC were not associated with mortality. Discussion In patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI, RVGLS but not LVGLS was reduced in non-survivors compared to survivors, differentiated non-survivors from survivors, was independently associated with mortality, and exhibited potential incremental value for outcome prediction. RVGLS appears to be more suitable than LVGLS for risk stratification in AS and timely valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neria E. Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shehab Anwer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly A. Reeve
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M. Michel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert M. Kasel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix C. Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Jean G, Mogensen NSB, Clavel MA. Aortic Valvular Stenosis and Heart Failure: Advances in Diagnostic, Management, and Intervention. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:273-283. [PMID: 37230643 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) present with heart failure (HF) symptoms with either reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Many of these patients present with a low-flow state, reduced aortic-valve-area (≤1.0 cm2) with low aortic-mean-gradient and aortic-peak-velocity (<40 mm Hg and <4.0 m/s). Thus, determination of true severity is essential for correct management, and multi-imaging evaluation must be performed. Medical treatment of HF is imperative and should be optimized concurrently with the determination of AS-severity. Finally, AS should be treated according to guidelines, keeping in mind that HF and low-flow increase interventions risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jean
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nils Sofus Borg Mogensen
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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10
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Anastasiou V, Daios S, Bazmpani MA, Moysidis DV, Zegkos T, Karamitsos T, Ziakas A, Kamperidis V. Shifting from Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction to Strain Imaging in Aortic Stenosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1756. [PMID: 37238238 PMCID: PMC10217605 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse ventricular remodeling is an inflexion point of disease progression in aortic stenosis (AS) and a major determinant of prognosis. Intervention before irreversible myocardial damage is of paramount importance to sustain favorable post-operative outcomes. Current guidelines recommend a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)-based strategy to determine the threshold for intervention in AS. However, LVEF has several pitfalls: it denotes the left ventricular cavity volumetric changes and it is not suited to detecting subtle signs of myocardial damage. Strain has emerged as a contemporary imaging biomarker that describes intramyocardial contractile force, providing information on subclinical myocardial dysfunction due to fibrosis. A large body of evidence advocates its use to determine the switch from adaptive to maladaptive myocardial changes in AS, and to refine thresholds for intervention. Although mainly studied in echocardiography, studies exploring the role of strain in multi-detector row computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance are emerging. This review, therefore, summarizes contemporary evidence on the role of LVEF and strain imaging in AS prognosis, aiming to move from an LVEF-based to a strain-based approach for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.A.); (S.D.); (M.-A.B.); (D.V.M.); (T.Z.); (T.K.); (A.Z.)
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11
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Sharma N, Sachedina AK, Kumar S. Low-flow, Low-gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Review. Heart Int 2023; 17:8-12. [PMID: 37456345 PMCID: PMC10339455 DOI: 10.17925/hi.2023.17.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common valve pathology experienced by patients worldwide. There are limited population-based studies assessing its prevalence; however, epidemiological studies emphasize that the burden of disease is growing. Recognizing AS relies on accurate clinical assessment and diagnostic investigations. Patients who develop severe AS are often referred to the heart team for assessment of aortic valve intervention. Although echocardiography has traditionally been used to screen and monitor the progression of AS, there can be discordance between measurements in a low-flow state. Such patients may have truly severe AS and potentially derive long-term benefit from aortic valve intervention. Accurately identifying these patients with the use of ancillary testing has been the focus of research for several years. In this article, we discuss the contemporary approaches and challenges in identifying and managing patients with low-flow, low-gradient severe AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Sharma
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ayaaz K Sachedina
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Vamvakidou A, Annabi MS, Pibarot P, Plonska-Gosciniak E, Almeida AG, Guzzetti E, Dahou A, Burwash IG, Koschutnik M, Bartko PE, Bergler-Klein J, Mascherbauer J, Orwat S, Baumgartner H, Cavalcante J, Pinto F, Kukulski T, Kasprzak JD, Clavel MA, Flachskampf FA, Senior R. Clinical Value of Stress Transaortic Flow Rate During Dobutamine Echocardiography in Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: A Multicenter Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012809. [PMID: 34743529 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low rest transaortic flow rate (FR) has been shown previously to predict mortality in low-gradient aortic stenosis. However limited prognostic data exists on stress FR during low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography. We aimed to assess the value of stress FR for the detection of aortic valve stenosis (AS) severity and the prediction of mortality. METHODS This is a multicenter cohort study of patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and low-gradient aortic stenosis (aortic valve area <1 cm2 and mean gradient <40 mm Hg) who underwent low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography to identify the AS severity and presence of flow reserve. The outcome assessed was all-cause mortality. RESULTS Of the 287 patients (mean age, 75±10 years; males, 71%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 31±10%) over a mean follow-up of 24±30 months there were 127 (44.3%) deaths and 147 (51.2%) patients underwent aortic valve intervention. Higher stress FR was independently associated with reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-0.99]; P=0.01) after adjusting for age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure symptoms, aortic valve intervention, and rest left ventricular ejection fraction. The minimum cutoff for prediction of mortality was stress FR 210 mL/s. Following adjustment to the same important clinical and echocardiographic parameters, among the three criteria of AS severity during stress, ie, the guideline definition of aortic valve area <1cm2 and aortic valve mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg, or aortic valve mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg, or the novel definition of aortic valve area <1 cm2 at stress FR ≥210 mL/s, only the latter was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.05-2.82]; P=0.03). Furthermore aortic valve area <1cm2 at stress FR ≥210 mL/s was the only severe aortic stenosis criterion that was associated with improved outcome following aortic valve intervention (P<0.001). Guideline-defined stroke volume flow reserve did not predict mortality. CONCLUSIONS Stress FR during low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography was useful for the detection of both AS severity and flow reserve and was associated with improved prediction of outcome following aortic valve intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vamvakidou
- Department of Echocardiography, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.).,Department of Cardiovascular Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.)
| | - Mohamed-Salah Annabi
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | - Phillipe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | | | - Ana G Almeida
- Lisbon University, Hospital Santa Maria/CHULN, Portugal (A.G.A., F.P.)
| | - Ezequiel Guzzetti
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | - Abdellaziz Dahou
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | - Ian G Burwash
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (I.G.B.)
| | - Matthias Koschutnik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (M.K., P.E.B., J.B.-K.)
| | - Philipp E Bartko
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (M.K., P.E.B., J.B.-K.)
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (M.K., P.E.B., J.B.-K.)
| | - Julia Mascherbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital St. Polten, Krems, Austria (J.M.)
| | - Stefan Orwat
- Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Germany (S.O., H.B.)
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Germany (S.O., H.B.)
| | - Joao Cavalcante
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | - Fausto Pinto
- Lisbon University, Hospital Santa Maria/CHULN, Portugal (A.G.A., F.P.)
| | - Tomasz Kukulski
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease and Electrotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Zabrze, Poland (T.K.)
| | - Jaroslaw D Kasprzak
- I Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Bieganski Hospital, Poland (J.D.K.)
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (M.-S.A., P.P., E.G., A.D., J.C., M.-A.C.)
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (F.A.F.).,Department of Clinical Physiology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden (F.A.F.)
| | - Roxy Senior
- Department of Echocardiography, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.).,Department of Cardiovascular Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom (A.V., R.S.)
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13
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Piché ME, Clavel MA, Auclair A, Rodríguez-Flores M, O'Connor K, Garceau P, Rakowski H, Poirier P. Early benefits of bariatric surgery on subclinical cardiac function: Contribution of visceral fat mobilization. Metabolism 2021; 119:154773. [PMID: 33838144 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We explored the early effects of bariatric surgery on subclinical myocardial function in individuals with severe obesity and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2] and preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50%) who underwent bariatric surgery (biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch [BPD-DS]) (Surgery group), 19 patients with severe obesity managed with usual care (Medical group), and 18 age and sex-matched non-obese controls (non-obese group) were included. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) was evaluated with echocardiography speckle tracking imaging. Abnormal myocardial function was defined as LV GLS <18%. RESULTS Age of the participants was 42 ± 11 years with a BMI of 48 ± 8 kg/m2 (mean ± standard deviation); 82% were female. The percentage of total weight loss at 6 months after bariatric surgery was 26.3 ± 5.2%. Proportions of hypertension (61 vs. 30%, P = 0.0005), dyslipidemia (42 vs. 5%, P = 0.0001) and type 2 diabetes (40 vs. 13%, P = 0.002) were reduced postoperatively. Before surgery, patients with obesity displayed abnormal subclinical myocardial function vs. non-obese controls (LV GLS, 16.3 ± 2.5 vs. 19.6 ± 1.7%, P < 0.001). Six months after bariatric surgery, the subclinical myocardial function was comparable to non-obese (LV GLS, 18.2 ± 1.9 vs. 19.6 ± 1.7%, surgery vs. non-obese, P = NS). On the contrary, half of individuals with obesity managed medically worsened their myocardial function during the follow-up (P = 0.002). Improvement in subclinical myocardial function following bariatric surgery was associated with changes in abdominal visceral fat (r = 0.43, P < 0.05) and inflammatory markers (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), whereas no significant association was found with weight loss or change in insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) (P > 0.05). In a multivariate model, losing visceral fat mass was independently associated with improved subclinical myocardial function. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery was associated with significant improvement in the metabolic profile and in subclinical myocardial function. Early improvement in subclinical myocardial function following bariatric surgery was related to a greater mobilization of visceral fat depot, linked to global fat dysfunction and cardiometabolic morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Piché
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Auclair
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcela Rodríguez-Flores
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kim O'Connor
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Garceau
- Faculty of Medicine, Montreal University, Montréal, Canada; Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Bernard J, Tastet L, Capoulade R, Shen M, Clisson M, Guzzetti E, Larose É, Arsenault M, Bédard É, Côté N, Clavel MA, Pibarot P. Left ventricular asymmetric remodeling and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with calcific aortic valve stenosis - Results from a subanalysis of the PROGRESSA study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 332:148-156. [PMID: 33727121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LV asymmetric remodeling (LVAR) is a feature commonly found in AS patients and it is presumed to be mainly related to the severity of valve stenosis. The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors and impact on left ventricular (LV) systolic function of LVAR in patients with mild and moderate aortic valve stenosis (AS). METHODS Clinical, Doppler-echocardiographic and computed-tomographic data of 155 AS patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50%) prospectively recruited in the PROGRESSA study (NCT01679431) were analyzed. LVAR was defined as a septal wall thickness ≥ 13 mm and a ratio of septal/posterior wall thickness > 1.5. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) was available in 129 patients. Plasma levels of N-terminal natriuretic B-type peptides (Nt-proBNP) were also measured. RESULTS Mean age was 63 ± 15 years (70% men). LVAR was present in 21% (n = 33) of patients. A series of nested multivariate analysis revealed that age was the only factor associated with LVAR (all p ≤ 0.03). Additionally, these patients had higher baseline Nt-proBNP ratio (median [25-75 percentiles]: 1.04 [0.66-2.41] vs. 0.65 [0.33-1.19], p = 0.02), and significantly reduced LV-GLS (17.9[16.6-19.5] vs. 19.3[17.4-20.7] |%|, p = 0.04). A 1:1 matched analysis showed a significant association of LVAR with reduced LV-GLS (17.9[16.6-19.5] vs. 19.8[18.1-20.7] |%|, p = 0.02) and elevated Nt-proBNP (134[86-348] vs. 83[50-179]pg/ml, p = 0.03). Multivariable analysis also revealed that LVAR remains significantly associated with reduced LV-GLS (p = 0.03) and elevated Nt-proBNP (p = 0.001). LVAR was significantly associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiac events and death (Hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.32[1.28-4.22], p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS LVAR was found in ~20% of patients with mild or moderate AS and was not related to the degree of AS severity or concomitant comorbidities, but rather to older age. LVAR was significantly associated with reduced LV longitudinal systolic function, increased Nt-proBNP levels, and higher risk of major adverse events and death. These findings provide support for closer clinical and echocardiographic surveillance of patients harboring this adverse LV remodeling feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bernard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lionel Tastet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Capoulade
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mylène Shen
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marine Clisson
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ezequiel Guzzetti
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Larose
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Élisabeth Bédard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Côté
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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Annabi M, Côté N, Dahou A, Bartko PE, Bergler‐Klein J, Burwash IG, Orwat S, Baumgartner H, Mascherbauer J, Mundigler G, Fukui M, Cavalcante J, Ribeiro HB, Rodès‐Cabau J, Clavel M, Pibarot P. Comparison of Early Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Conservative Management in Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting: Results From the TOPAS Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017870. [PMID: 33289422 PMCID: PMC7955363 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background No randomized comparison of early (ie, ≤3 months) aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus conservative management or of transcatheter AVR (TAVR) versus surgical AVR has been conducted in patients with low-flow, low-gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS). Methods and Results A total of 481 consecutive patients (75±10 years; 71% men) with LFLG AS (aortic valve area ≤0.6 cm2/m2 and mean gradient <40 mm Hg), 72% with classic LFLG and 28% with paradoxical LFLG, were prospectively recruited in the multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) study. True-severe AS or pseudo-severe AS was adjudicated by flow-independent criteria. During follow-up (median [IQR] 36 [11-60] months), 220 patients died. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting to address the bias of nonrandom treatment assignment, early AVR (n=272) was associated with a major overall survival benefit (hazard ratio [HR], 0.34 [95% CI, 0.24-0.50]; P<0.001). This benefit was observed in patients with true-severe AS but also with pseudo-severe AS (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.81]; P=0.01), and in classic (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.22-0.49]; P<0.001) and paradoxical LFLG AS (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.20-0.92]; P=0.03). Compared with conservative management in the conventional multivariate model, trans femoral TAVR was associated with the best survival (HR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.12-0.43]; P<0.001), followed by surgical AVR (HR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23-0.56]; P<0.001) and alternative-access TAVR (HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.31-0.82]; P=0.007). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting model, trans femoral TAVR appeared to be superior to surgical AVR (HR [95% CI] 0.28 [0.11-0.72]; P=0.008) with regard to survival. Conclusions In this large prospective observational study of LFLG AS, early AVR appeared to confer a major survival benefit in both classic and paradoxical LFLG AS. This benefit seems to extend to the subgroup with pseudo-severe AS. Our findings suggest that TAVR using femoral access might be the best strategy in these patients. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01835028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed‐Salah Annabi
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Nancy Côté
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Abdellaziz Dahou
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Philipp E. Bartko
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaVienna General HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Jutta Bergler‐Klein
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaVienna General HospitalViennaAustria
| | | | - Stefan Orwat
- Department of Cardiology III–Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart DiseaseUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- Department of Cardiology III–Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart DiseaseUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Julia Mascherbauer
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaVienna General HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Gerald Mundigler
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaVienna General HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Miho Fukui
- CardiologyMinneapolis Heart InstituteMinneapolisMN
| | - Joao Cavalcante
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of PittsburghPA
- CardiologyMinneapolis Heart InstituteMinneapolisMN
| | | | - Josep Rodès‐Cabau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Marie‐Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec‐Université LavalQuébecCanada
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16
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Updates to a Modern Dilemma: a Practical Approach to the Workup and Management of Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis Using Transvalvular Flow Rate. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Barbieri A, Antonini-Canterin F, Pepi M, Monte IP, Trocino G, Barchitta A, Ciampi Q, Cresti A, Miceli S, Petrella L, Benedetto F, Zito C, Benfari G, Bursi F, Malagoli A, Bartolacelli Y, Mantovani F, Clavel MA. Discordant Echocardiographic Grading in Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis (DEGAS Study) From the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging Research Network: Rationale and Study Design. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2020; 30:52-61. [PMID: 33282641 PMCID: PMC7706377 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_68_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-gradient aortic stenosis (LG-AS) is characterized by the combination of an aortic valve area compatible with severe stenosis and a low transvalvular mean gradient with low-flow state (i.e., indexed stroke volume <35 mL/m2) in the presence of reduced (classical low-flow AS) or preserved (paradoxical low-flow AS) ejection fraction. Furthermore, the occurrence of a normal-flow LG-AS is still advocated by many authors. Within this diagnostic complexity, the diagnosis of severe AS remains challenging. Objective The general objective of the Discordant Echocardiographic Grading in Low-gradient AS (DEGAS Study) study will be to assess the prevalence of true severe AS in this population and validate new parameters to improve the assessment and the clinical decision-making in patients with LG-AS. Methods and Analyses The DEGAS Study of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging is a prospective, multicenter, observational diagnostic study that will enroll consecutively adult patients with LG-AS over 2 years. AS severity will be ideally confirmed by a multimodality approach, but only the quantification of calcium score by multidetector computed tomography will be mandatory. The primary clinical outcome variable will be 12-month all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome variables will be (i) 30-day mortality (for patients treated by Surgical aortic valve replacement or TAVR); (ii) 12-month cardiovascular mortality; (iii) 12-month new major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular complications, and rehospitalization for heart failure; and (iv) composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. Data collection will take place through a web platform (REDCap), absolutely secure based on current standards concerning the ethical requirements and data integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barbieri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, Policlinico University Hospital of Modena, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Antonini-Canterin
- Rehabilitative Cardiology, Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione di Motta di Livenza (TV), Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Trocino
- Cardiology, Hospital of Desio, S. Antonio Hospital, AO Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Cresti
- Cardiology, Dip. Cardio Neuro Vascolare Asl sudest Toscana, Hospital of Grosseto, Italy
| | | | | | - Frank Benedetto
- Cardiology, G.O.M. "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Concetta Zito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Section of Cardiology, G. Martino General Hospital, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Bursi
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Department, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Bartolacelli
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Cardiac Surgery, S.Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Global longitudinal strain is a better metric than left ventricular ejection fraction: lessons learned from cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2019; 35:170-177. [PMID: 31850935 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review aims to highlight the utility of global longitudinal strain (GLS) in cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), with an attempt to stipulate that GLS might be a better measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). RECENT FINDINGS Increasingly, GLS quantification has been employed in various cardiovascular diseases especially with its ability to detect left ventricular dysfunction subclinically, even before a change in LVEF is visualized. In fact, several studies reveal that GLS may be a superior predictor of mortality and morbidity than LVEF in this context. A recent metaanalysis supported the prognosticating value of GLS in CTRCD, however, endorsed the need for larger multicenter studies to establish the value of this metric. Studies in other cardiovascular disease processes showed GLS as a better metric than LVEF. SUMMARY GLS has been heralded as a new echocardiographic measure that can detect subclinical cardiac disease. At a minimum, GLS can provide incremental value in prognosticating, diagnosing, and predicting LVEF recovery and at best, a better measure of left ventricular dysfunction.
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Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Role of Echocardiography. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Predictive Value of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation for Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Classical Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:730-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Clinical application of echocardiographic-derived myocardial strain imaging in subclinical disease: a primer for cardiologists. Curr Opin Cardiol 2019; 34:147-155. [PMID: 30633076 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the evidence to support the measurement of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the risk assessment and management of patients with valvular heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS Subclinical myocardial dysfunction that is characterized by impaired LV GLS is often present in patients with valvular disease. The addition of GLS to the LV systolic function assessment refines disease classification and improves both prognosis and management of valvular disease. SUMMARY The measurement of global systolic function is essential in risk assessment and management of all patients with valvular heart disease. Although LV ejection fraction remains the main parameter of systolic function, strain measurement has emerged as a promising systolic function marker. Strain describes deformation of the myocardium that occurs during the cardiac cycle in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial planes. Of all the regional strain deformation measurements, evidence gathered over the last decade has shown that GLS improves detection of systolic dysfunction beyond LV ejection fraction and provides additional prognostic information.
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Ten Years of 2D Longitudinal Strain for Early Myocardial Dysfunction Detection: A Clinical Overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8979407. [PMID: 30627581 PMCID: PMC6304576 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8979407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as the gold standard parameter for the evaluation of systolic function has been questioned, and many efforts have been concentrated in the clinical validation of new noninvasive tools for the study of myocardial contractility. Improvement in the accuracy of speckle-tracking echocardiography has resulted in a large amount of research showing the ability of two-dimensional strain to overcome EF limitations in the majority of primary and secondary heart diseases. Currently, global longitudinal strain (GLS) is considered the most accurate and sensitive parameter for the assessment of early left ventricular dysfunction. This review summarizes the advantages that this measurement can provide in several clinical settings. Moreover, the important cautions that should be considered in making the choice to use GLS also are addressed. Finally, a special focus on bull's-eye polar maps for the assessment of regional changes of longitudinal function and the usefulness of these maps in the differential diagnosis of several diseases is provided.
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Bavishi C, Kolte D, Gordon PC, Abbott JD. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23:821-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Généreux P, Pibarot P, Redfors B, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Jaber WA, Svensson LG, Kapadia S, Tuzcu EM, Thourani VH, Babaliaros V, Herrmann HC, Szeto WY, Cohen DJ, Lindman BR, McAndrew T, Alu MC, Douglas PS, Hahn RT, Kodali SK, Smith CR, Miller DC, Webb JG, Leon MB. Staging classification of aortic stenosis based on the extent of cardiac damage. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:3351-3358. [PMID: 29020232 PMCID: PMC5837727 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), risk stratification for aortic valve replacement (AVR) relies mainly on valve-related factors, symptoms and co-morbidities. We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of a newly-defined staging classification characterizing the extent of extravalvular (extra-aortic valve) cardiac damage among patients with severe AS undergoing AVR. Methods and results Patients with severe AS from the PARTNER 2 trials were pooled and classified according to the presence or absence of cardiac damage as detected by echocardiography prior to AVR: no extravalvular cardiac damage (Stage 0), left ventricular damage (Stage 1), left atrial or mitral valve damage (Stage 2), pulmonary vasculature or tricuspid valve damage (Stage 3), or right ventricular damage (Stage 4). One-year outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier techniques and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify 1-year predictors of mortality. In 1661 patients with sufficient echocardiographic data to allow staging, 47 (2.8%) patients were classified as Stage 0, 212 (12.8%) as Stage 1, 844 (50.8%) as Stage 2, 413 (24.9%) as Stage 3, and 145 (8.7%) as Stage 4. One-year mortality was 4.4% in Stage 0, 9.2% in Stage 1, 14.4% in Stage 2, 21.3% in Stage 3, and 24.5% in Stage 4 (Ptrend < 0.0001). The extent of cardiac damage was independently associated with increased mortality after AVR (HR 1.46 per each increment in stage, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.67, P < 0.0001). Conclusion This newly described staging classification objectively characterizes the extent of cardiac damage associated with AS and has important prognostic implications for clinical outcomes after AVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Généreux
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Björn Redfors
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Raj R Makkar
- Interventional Technologies in the Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wael A Jaber
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Murat Tuzcu
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Howard C Herrmann
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Thomas McAndrew
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria C Alu
- Columbia University Medical Center, 161?Ft. Washington Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Ft. Washington Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Susheel K Kodali
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Ft. Washington Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Craig R Smith
- Columbia University Medical Center, 161?Ft. Washington Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - John G Webb
- University of British Columbia/St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin B Leon
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Ft. Washington Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Jeffrey RR, Hamburger RF, Gooden-Ebanks J, Petersen JW. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Identifies Impaired Longitudinal Strain as a Common Deficit in Various Cardiac Diseases. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Dahou A, Clavel MA, Capoulade R, O’Connor K, Ribeiro HB, Côté N, Le Ven F, Rodés-Cabau J, Dumesnil JG, Mathieu P, Pibarot P. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin for Risk Stratification in Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:939-947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hahn RT. Computed tomography for strain imaging: Behind the echo eight ball? J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2018; 12:245-246. [PMID: 29857954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Hahn
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Hahn RT, Nicoara A, Kapadia S, Svensson L, Martin R. Echocardiographic Imaging for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 31:405-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Management of Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:475-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mechanical Intervention for Aortic Valve Stenosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:3026-3041. [PMID: 29241492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The risk and benefit of mechanical interventions in valvular heart disease have been primarily described among patients with normal ejection fraction. The advent of nonsurgical mechanical interventions for aortic stenosis (transcatheter aortic valve replacement) may alter the risk-benefit ratio for patients who would otherwise be at increased risk for valve surgery. This review describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of aortic stenosis with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and summarizes the current registry and clinical trial data applicable to this frequently encountered high-risk group. It concludes with discussion of ongoing trials, new approaches, emerging indications, and a potential clinical algorithm incorporating optimal mechanical intervention for patients with aortic stenosis and concomitant reduced ejection fraction.
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Sherwood MW, Kiefer TL. Challenges in Aortic Valve Stenosis: Low-Flow States Diagnosis, Management, and a Review of the Current Literature. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 19:130. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the role of Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) as a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS), irrespective of their type of treatment. Data of 807 patients with AS receiving complete echocardiographic and clinical examination were retrospectively analyzed. Valve area <1 cm2 and sufficient image quality were inclusion criteria; patients with severe concomitant valvulopathy were excluded. Patients were grouped into treatment (aortic valve replacement [AVR]) and conservative (non-AVR) groups. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to assess predictors of all-cause mortality. Five hundred fourteen patients were included and 53.3% were of male gender. Mean age at inclusion was 76.4 ± 9.8 years; 326 received AVR. Death from any cause occurred in 72.9% of non-AVR group and 17.8% of AVR group (p <0.001). GLS (expressed as |%|) was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in non-AVR group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.933, 95% CI 0.854 to 0.987, p = 0.038). In patients receiving AVR, GLS and history of coronary artery bypass graft were found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality (HR for GLS 0.912, 95% CI 0.730 to 0.999, p = 0.048; HR for coronary artery bypass graft 2.977, 95% CI 1.014 to 6.273, p = 0.013). In non-AVR patients, GLS <9.7% showed a higher 1- and 5-year mortality (log rank p values of 0.002 and 0.010, respectively). In conclusion, GLS is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in severe AS, irrespective of their type of treatment. GLS <9.7% indicates a significantly higher 1- and 5-year mortality in non-AVR patients. Therefore, GLS should be regularly assessed for enhanced risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
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Increased apical rotation in patients with severe aortic stenosis assessed by three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging. J Echocardiogr 2017; 16:28-33. [PMID: 28801894 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-017-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking imaging (STI) is a non-invasive method used to assess subtle changes in left ventricular (LV) function such as strain and rotational dynamics. However, 2D methodology is complicated by issues such as the out-of-plane problem inherent in short-axis imaging. In addition, circumferential rotation contributes to three-dimensional (3D) wall deformations and affects tracking accuracy. By using 3D-STI technique, we evaluated LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and apical rotation in severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF). METHODS LV GLS and apical rotation were evaluated using 3D-STI in 20 severe AS patients (79 ± 8 years old; aortic valve area 0.7 ± 0.2 cm2) with preserved LVEF (68 ± 7%). Data were compared with those of 11 hypertensive LV hypertrophy (LVH) patients (75 ± 10 years old, EF = 66 ± 4%) and 12 controls (healthy individuals: 30 ± 14 years old, EF = 63 ± 6%). RESULTS Compared with LVH patients, severe AS patients had significantly decreased values of GLS (-13.0 ± 2.4 vs. -10.4 ± 2.0%, p = 0.008). In contrast, LV rotation was significantly higher in AS than LVH patients (13.9 ± 3.0° vs. 10.8 ± 2.5°, p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in stroke volume index among three groups. In these three groups, severe AS patients had significantly decreased values of GLS [analysis of variance (ANOVA), p < 0.001] and increased LV rotation (ANOVA, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In severe AS patients, impaired GLS existed although LVEF was preserved. However, LV rotation was increased in patients with severe AS probably to maintain the LV stroke volume.
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Salaun E, Casalta AC, Donal E, Bohbot Y, Galli E, Tribouilloy C, Hubert S, Magne J, Mancini J, Renard S, Avierinos JF, Maysou LA, Lavoute C, Szymanski C, Haentjens J, Habib G. Apical four-chamber longitudinal left ventricular strain in patients with aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: analysis related with flow/gradient pattern and association with outcome. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 19:868-878. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Salaun
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université - UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Anne-Claire Casalta
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université - UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiology department & CIC-IT 1414, hôpital Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Yohann Bohbot
- Cardiology department, university hospital of Amiens, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Elena Galli
- Cardiology department & CIC-IT 1414, hôpital Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Tribouilloy
- Cardiology department, university hospital of Amiens, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Sandrine Hubert
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Julien Magne
- CHU Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, Service Cardiologie, Limoges, F-87042, France; INSERM 1094, Faculté de médecine de Limoges, 2, rue Marcland, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Julien Mancini
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, IRD, UMR912, SESSTIM, Marseille F-13273, France
- Public Health Department (BIOSTIC), APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Sebastien Renard
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | | | - Laurie-Anne Maysou
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Cécile Lavoute
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université - UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Catherine Szymanski
- Cardiology department, university hospital of Amiens, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Julie Haentjens
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université - UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université - UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille 13005, France
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Klaeboe LG, Haland TF, Leren IS, ter Bekke RM, Brekke PH, Røsjø H, Omland T, Gullestad L, Aakhus S, Haugaa KH, Edvardsen T. Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Deformation Parameters in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Pilot Study of the Usefulness of Strain Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:727-735.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ng ACT, Prihadi EA, Antoni ML, Bertini M, Ewe SH, Ajmone Marsan N, Leung DY, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is predictive of all-cause mortality independent of aortic stenosis severity and ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 19:859-867. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold C T Ng
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Edgard A Prihadi
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Louisa Antoni
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - See Hooi Ewe
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Y Leung
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Abstract
Many patients with severe aortic stenosis have a "low-flow, low-gradient" aortic stenosis. The management of these patients can be quite difficult, as these patients often show impairment of the left ventricle, which can lead to false measurements of the severity of stenosis and also leads to a higher risk during aortic valve replacement. More diagnostic tools than only standard echocardiography are needed to correctly differentiate true severe aortic stenosis from pseudo severe aortic stenosis.
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39
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Naji P, Shah S, Svensson LG, Gillinov AM, Johnston DR, Rodriguez LL, Grimm RA, Griffin BP, Desai MY. Incremental Prognostic Use of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Asymptomatic/Minimally Symptomatic Patients With Severe Bioprosthetic Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Redo Aortic Valve Replacement. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.116.005942. [PMID: 28559420 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With improved survival of patients undergoing primary bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR), reoperation to relieve severe prosthetic aortic stenosis (PAS) is increasing. Timing of redo surgery in asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients remains controversial. Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a marker of subclinical LV dysfunction. In asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients with severe PAS undergoing redo AVR, we sought to determine whether LV-GLS provides incremental prognostic use. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 191 patients with severe bioprosthetic PAS (63±16 years, 58% men) who underwent redo AVR between 2000 and 2012 (excluding mechanical PAS, severe other valve disease transcatheter AVR, and LV ejection fraction <50%). Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was calculated. Standard echocardiography data were obtained. LV-GLS was measured on 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views using velocity vector imaging. Severe PAS was defined as aortic valve area <0.8 cm2, mean aortic valve gradient ≥40 mm Hg, and dimensionless index <0.25. A composite outcome of death and congestive heart failure admission was recorded. At baseline, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, LV ejection fraction, mean aortic valve gradients, and right ventricular systolic pressure were 7±6, 58±6%, 54±10 mm Hg and 40±14 mm Hg, whereas 50% had >2+ aortic regurgitation. Median LV-GLS was -14.2% (-11.4, -17.1%). At 4.2±3 years, 41 (22%) patients met the composite end point (2.5% deaths and 1% strokes at 30 days postoperatively). On multivariable Cox survival analysis, LV-GLS was independently associated with longer-term composite events (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.33), P<0.01. The C statistic for the clinical model (Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, degree of aortic regurgitation, and right ventricular systolic pressure) was 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.79), P<0.001. Addition of LV-GLS to the clinical model increased the C statistic significantly to 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.58-0.81), P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS In asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients with severe bioprosthetic PAS undergoing redo AVR, baseline LV-GLS provides incremental prognostic use over established predictors and could potentially aid in surgical timing and risk stratification.
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40
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Balderas-Muñoz K, Rodríguez-Zanella H, Fritche-Salazar JF, Ávila-Vanzzini N, Juárez Orozco LE, Arias-Godínez JA, Calvillo-Argüelles O, Rivera-Peralta S, Sauza-Sosa JC, Ruiz-Esparza ME, Bucio-Reta E, Rómero A, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Domínguez-Mendez B, Gaxiola-Macias M, Martínez-Ríos MA. Improving risk assessment for post-surgical low cardiac output syndrome in patients without severely reduced ejection fraction undergoing open aortic valve replacement. The role of global longitudinal strain and right ventricular free wall strain. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1483-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, Chaudhry FA, Donal E, Dulgheru R, Edvardsen T, Garbi M, Ha JW, Kane GC, Kreeger J, Mertens L, Pibarot P, Picano E, Ryan T, Tsutsui JM, Varga A. The Clinical Use of Stress Echocardiography in Non-Ischaemic Heart Disease: Recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:101-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Kamimura D, Hans S, Suzuki T, Fox ER, Hall ME, Musani SK, McMullan MR, Little WC. Delayed Time to Peak Velocity Is Useful for Detecting Severe Aortic Stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003907. [PMID: 27792660 PMCID: PMC5121493 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time to peak velocity (TPV) is an echocardiographic variable that can be easily measured and reflects a late peaking murmur, a classic physical finding suggesting severe aortic stenosis (AS). The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of TPV to evaluate AS severity. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 700 AS patients, whose aortic valve area (AVA) was <1.5 cm2, and 200 control patients. The TPV was defined as the time from aortic valve opening to when the flow velocity across the aortic valve reaches its peak. AS severity was classified as follows: High gradient severe AS, mean pressure gradient ≥40 mm Hg and AVA index (AVAI) <0.6 cm2/m2; Low gradient severe AS, mean pressure gradient <40 mm Hg, AVAI <0.6 cm2/m2, and dimensionless index <0.25; moderate AS, mean pressure gradient <40 mm Hg, AVAI ≥0.6 cm2/m2. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TPV to predict high gradient severe AS was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.97, P<0.001). TPV was significantly delayed in low gradient severe AS compared with moderate AS both in patients with preserved (102±13 ms versus 83±13 ms, P<0.001) and with reduced ejection fraction (110±18 ms versus 88±13 ms, P<0.001). Delayed TPV was associated with increased all-cause mortality or need for aortic valve replacement after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio for first quartile, reference is fourth quartile: 7.31, 95% CI 4.26-12.53, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS TPV is useful to evaluate AS severity and predict poor prognosis of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Sartaj Hans
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Takeki Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael R McMullan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - William C Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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43
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Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, Chaudhry FA, Donal E, Dulgheru R, Edvardsen T, Garbi M, Ha JW, Kane GC, Kreeger J, Mertens L, Pibarot P, Picano E, Ryan T, Tsutsui JM, Varga A. The clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:1191-1229. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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44
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Dahou A, Toubal O, Clavel MA, Beaudoin J, Magne J, Mathieu P, Philippon F, Dumesnil JG, Puri R, Ribeiro HB, Larose É, Rodés-Cabau J, Pibarot P. Relationship Between QT Interval and Outcome in Low-Flow Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003980. [PMID: 27792655 PMCID: PMC5121501 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND QT interval has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular events. There is no data regarding the association between QT interval and left ventricular (LV) function and prognosis in patients with low LV ejection fraction (LVEF), low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (LF-LG AS). We aimed to examine the relationship between corrected QT interval (QTc) and LV function and outcome in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-three patients (73±10 years; 74% men) with LF-LG AS (mean gradient <40 mm Hg and indexed aortic valve area ≤0.6 cm2/m2) and reduced LVEF (≤40%) were prospectively included in this analysis and 63 of them underwent aortic valve replacement within 3 months following inclusion. Prolonged QTc was defined as QTc >450 ms in men and >470 ms in women. LV global longitudinal strain was measured by speckle tracking and expressed in absolute value |%|. QTc correlated with the following: global longitudinal strain (r=-0.40, P=0.005), LVEF (r=-0.27, P=0.02), stroke volume (r=-0.35, P=0.007), and B-type natriuretic peptide (r=0.45, P=0.0006). During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 49 patients died. Prolonged QTc was associated with a 2-fold increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio=2.05; P=0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio=1.89; P=0.04). In multivariable analysis adjusted for EuroSCORE, aortic valve replacement, previous myocardial infarction, LVEF, and ß-blocker medication, prolonged QTc was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio=2.56; P=0.008) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio=2.50; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In patients with LF-LG AS and reduced LVEF, longer QTc interval was associated with worse LV function and increased risk of death. Assessment of QTc may provide a simple and inexpensive tool to enhance risk stratification in LF-LG AS patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 01835028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellaziz Dahou
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Oumhani Toubal
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Beaudoin
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Magne
- CHU Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren Service Cardiologie, Limoges, France INSERM 1094, Faculté de médecine de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Philippon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean G Dumesnil
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rishi Puri
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Henrique B Ribeiro
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Larose
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Josep Rodés-Cabau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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45
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Clavel MA, Magne J, Pibarot P. Low-gradient aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2645-57. [PMID: 27190103 PMCID: PMC5030681 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An important proportion of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have a 'low-gradient' AS, i.e. a small aortic valve area (AVA <1.0 cm(2)) consistent with severe AS but a low mean transvalvular gradient (<40 mmHg) consistent with non-severe AS. The management of this subset of patients is particularly challenging because the AVA-gradient discrepancy raises uncertainty about the actual stenosis severity and thus about the indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) if the patient has symptoms and/or left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. The most frequent cause of low-gradient (LG) AS is the presence of a low LV outflow state, which may occur with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), i.e. classical low-flow, low-gradient (LF-LG), or preserved LVEF, i.e. paradoxical LF-LG. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of patients with AS may have a normal-flow, low-gradient (NF-LG) AS: i.e. a small AVA-low-gradient combination but with a normal flow. One of the most important clinical challenges in these three categories of patients with LG AS (classical LF-LG, paradoxical LF-LG, and NF-LG) is to differentiate a true-severe AS that generally benefits from AVR vs. a pseudo-severe AS that should be managed conservatively. A low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography may be used for this purpose in patients with classical LF-LG AS, whereas aortic valve calcium scoring by multi-detector computed tomography is the preferred modality in those with paradoxical LF-LG or NF-LG AS. Although patients with LF-LG severe AS have worse outcomes than those with high-gradient AS following AVR, they nonetheless display an important survival benefit with this intervention. Some studies suggest that transcatheter AVR may be superior to surgical AVR in patients with LF-LG AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Annick Clavel
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute/Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte Foy, #A-2075, QC, Canada G1V4G5
| | - Julien Magne
- CHU Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, Faculté de médecine de Limoges, Limoge, France
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute/Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte Foy, #A-2075, QC, Canada G1V4G5
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46
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Galian L, Tornos P. Resultados esperanzadores para una patología de alto riesgo: la estenosis aórtica severa con disfunción ventricular izquierda. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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47
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48
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Delgado-Montero A, Tayal B, Goda A, Ryo K, Marek JJ, Sugahara M, Qi Z, Althouse AD, Saba S, Schwartzman D, Gorcsan J. Additive Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Global Longitudinal and Global Circumferential Strain to Electrocardiographic Criteria in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:CIRCIMAGING.115.004241. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.115.004241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy is most favorable in patients with heart failure with QRS duration ≥150 ms and left bundle branch block and less predictable in those with QRS width 120 to 149 ms or non–left bundle branch block.
Methods and Results—
We studied 205 patients with heart failure referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy with QRS ≥120 ms and ejection fraction ≤35%. We tested the hypothesis that contractile function using speckle-tracking echocardiographic global circumferential strain (GCS) from 2 short-axis views and global longitudinal strain (GLS) from 3 apical views add prognostic value to electrocardiographic criteria. There were 112 patients (55%) with GLS >−9% and 136 patients (66%) with GCS >−9%. During 4 years, 81 patients reached the combined primary end point (death, circulatory support, or transplant) and 120 reached the secondary end point (heart failure hospitalization or death). Both GLS >−9% and GCS >−9% were associated with increased risk of unfavorable events as follows: for the primary end point (hazard ratio=2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–4.49;
P
<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.39–5.82;
P
<0.001) for the secondary end point (hazard ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–3.05;
P
<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.23–4.75;
P
<0.001). In a prespecified subgroup of 120 patients with QRS 120 to 149 ms or non–left bundle branch block, significant associations of baseline GLS and GCS and outcomes remained:
P
=0.014 and
P
=0.002 for the primary end point and
P
=0.049 and
P
=0.001 for the secondary end point. Global strain measures had additive prognostic value to routine clinical or electrocardiographic parameters (
P
<0.001).
Conclusions—
Baseline GCS and GLS were significantly associated with long-term outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy and had additive prognostic value to routine clinical and electrocardiographic selection criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keiko Ryo
- From the University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Zhi Qi
- From the University of Pittsburgh, PA
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49
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Cavalcante JL, Rijal S, Althouse AD, Delgado-Montero A, Katz WE, Schindler JT, Crock F, Harinstein ME, Navid F, Gleason TG, Lee JS. Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in Patients with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Quader N, Lindman BR. Shifting the Spotlight onto the Forgotten Ventricle: Role of the Right Ventricle in Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:334-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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