1
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Pradhan L, Sah P, Nayak M, Upadhyay A, Pragya P, Tripathi S, Singh G, Mounika B, Paik P, Mukherjee S. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles prevent bacterial infection in chicken egg model and mitigate biofilm formation on medical catheters. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:353-373. [PMID: 38744691 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the application of innovative antimicrobial surface coatings on medical devices is an important field of research. Many of these coatings have significant drawbacks, including biocompatibility, coating stability and the inability to effectively combat multiple drug-resistant bacteria. In this research, we developed an antibiofilm surface coating for medical catheters using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (b-Cs-AgNPs) developed using leaves extract of Calliandra surinamensis. Various characterization techniques were employed to thoroughly characterize the synthesized b-Cs-AgNPs and c-AgNPs. b-Cs-AgNPs were compatible with human normal kidney cells and chicken embryos. It did not trigger any skin inflammatory response in in vivo rat model. b-Cs-AgNPs demonstrated potent zone of inhibition of 19.09 mm when subjected to the disc diffusion method in E. coli confirming strong antibacterial property. Different anti-bacterial assays including liquid growth curve, colony counting assay, biofilm formation assay supported the potent antimicrobial efficacy of b-Cs-AgNPs alone and when coated to medical grade catheters. Mechanistic studies reveal the presence of ferulic acid, that was important for the synthesis of b-AgNPs along with enhanced antibacterial effects of b-Cs-AgNPs compared to c-AgNPs, supported by molecular docking analysis. These results together demonstrated the effective role b-Cs-AgNPs in combating infections and mitigating biofilm formations, highlighting their need for further study in the field of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipi Pradhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Prince Sah
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Malay Nayak
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Anjali Upadhyay
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Pragya Pragya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Shikha Tripathi
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - B Mounika
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India.
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2
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Vetrivel A, Vetrivel P, Dhandapani K, Natchimuthu S, Ramasamy M, Madheswaran S, Murugesan R. Inhibition of biofilm formation, quorum sensing and virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by selected LasR inhibitors. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:851-868. [PMID: 36806045 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The quorum sensing network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates the regulation of genes controlling biofilm formation and virulence factors. The rise of drug resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections has made quorum sensing-regulated biofilm formation in clinical settings a major issue. In the present study, LasR inhibitors identified in our previous study were evaluated for their antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The compounds selected were (3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-(2-fluorophenyl)urea) (C1), (3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]quinazolin-4-one) (C2) and (2-({4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetamide) (C3). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of C1 and C2 were 1000 μM, whereas that of C3 was 500 μM. At sub-MICs, the compounds showed potent antibiofilm activity without affecting the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Electron microscopy confirmed the disruption of biofilm by the selected compounds. The antiquorum sensing activity of the compounds was revealed by the inhibition of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and the inhibition of swimming and swarming motilities in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, the compounds also attenuated the production of quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors. The qRT-PCR revealed the downregulation of quorum sensing regulatory genes, namely lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, lasB, pqsA and pqsR. The selected compounds also exhibited lower cytotoxicity against peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, this study could pave a way to explore these compounds for the development of therapeutic agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Vetrivel
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhi Natchimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monica Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundariya Madheswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Singh K, Gujju R, Bandaru S, Misra S, Babu KS, Puvvada N. Facet-Dependent Bactericidal Activity of Ag 3PO 4 Nanostructures against Gram-Positive/Negative Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16616-16628. [PMID: 35601325 PMCID: PMC9118378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ag3PO4 nanostructures (APNs) containing silver (Ag metal; of the noble metal families) have the potential to exhibit enzyme-mimetic activity. A nanostructure shape, including its surface facets, can improve the bioactivity of enzyme mimicry, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we report facet-dependent peroxidase and oxidase-like activity of APNs with both antibacterial and biofilm degrading properties through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Cubic APNs had superior antibacterial effects than rhombic dodecahedral shapes when inhibiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogen proliferation and biofilm degradation. A similar performance was observed for rhombic dodecahedral shapes, being greater than tetrahedral-shaped APNs. The extent of enzyme-mimetic activity is attributed to the facets {100} present in cubic APNs that led the peroxide radicals to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and degrade biofilm. These facets were compared to rhombic dodecahedral APNs {110} and tetrahedral APNs {111}, respectively, to reveal a facet-dependent enhanced antibacterial activity, providing a plausible mechanism for shape-dependent APNs material enzyme-mimetic effects on bacteria. Thus, our research findings can provide a direction to optimize bactericidal materials using APNs in clinically relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Singh
- Applied
Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Centre
for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Gujju
- Applied
Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sateesh Bandaru
- College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Advanced
Magnetic Materials, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sunil Misra
- Applied
Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Centre
for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Applied
Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
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4
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Rogasch JMM, Hofheinz F, van Heek L, Voltin CA, Boellaard R, Kobe C. Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:451. [PMID: 35204542 PMCID: PMC8871060 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors have been identified that influence quantitative accuracy and image interpretation in positron emission tomography (PET). Through the continuous introduction of new PET technology-both imaging hardware and reconstruction software-into clinical care, we now find ourselves in a transition period in which traditional and new technologies coexist. The effects on the clinical value of PET imaging and its interpretation in routine clinical practice require careful reevaluation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of important factors influencing quantification and interpretation with a focus on recent developments in PET technology. Finally, we discuss the relationship between quantitative accuracy and subjective image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. M. Rogasch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Lutz van Heek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
| | - Conrad-Amadeus Voltin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
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5
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Kirkbride RR, Rawal B, Mirsadraee S, Galperin-Aizenberg M, Wechalekar K, Ridge CA, Litmanovich DE. Imaging of Cardiac Infections: A Comprehensive Review and Investigation Flowchart for Diagnostic Workup. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 36:W70-W88. [PMID: 32852420 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the cardiovascular system may present with nonspecific symptoms, and it is common for patients to undergo multiple investigations to arrive at the diagnosis. Echocardiography is central to the diagnosis of endocarditis and pericarditis. However, cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging also play an additive role in these diagnoses; in fact, magnetic resonance imaging is central to the diagnosis of myocarditis. Functional imaging (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT and radiolabeled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/CT) is useful in the diagnosis in prosthesis-related and disseminated infection. This pictorial review will detail the most commonly encountered cardiovascular bacterial and viral infections, including coronavirus disease-2019, in clinical practice and provide an evidence basis for the selection of each imaging modality in the investigation of native tissues and common prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Kirkbride
- Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Maya Galperin-Aizenberg
- Department of Radiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kshama Wechalekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Diana E Litmanovich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Martin NK, Domínguez-Robles J, Stewart SA, Cornelius VA, Anjani QK, Utomo E, García-Romero I, Donnelly RF, Margariti A, Lamprou DA, Larrañeta E. Fused deposition modelling for the development of drug loaded cardiovascular prosthesis. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120243. [PMID: 33484923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases constitute a number of conditions which are the leading cause of death globally. To combat these diseases and improve the quality and duration of life, several cardiac implants have been developed, including stents, vascular grafts and valvular prostheses. The implantation of these vascular prosthesis has associated risks such as infection or blood clot formation. In order to overcome these limitations medicated vascular prosthesis have been previously used. The present paper describes a 3D printing method to develop medicated vascular prosthesis using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. For this purpose, rifampicin (RIF) was selected as a model molecule as it can be used to prevent vascular graft prosthesis infection. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and RIF were combined using hot melt extrusion (HME) to obtain filaments containing RIF concentrations ranging between 0 and 1% (w/w). These materials are capable of providing RIF release for periods ranging between 30 and 80 days. Moreover, TPU-based materials containing RIF were capable of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This behaviour was observed even for TPU-based materials containing RIF concentrations of 0.1% (w/w). TPU containing 1% (w/w) of RIF showed antimicrobial properties even after 30 days of RIF release. Alternatively, these methods were used to prepare dipyridamole containing TPU filaments. Finally, using a dual extrusion 3D printer vascular grafts containing both drugs were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh K Martin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sarah A Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Victoria A Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emilia Utomo
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Inmaculada García-Romero
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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7
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Han J, Okonkwo K, Attar N. Recurrent Infective Endocarditis with Mycotic Aneurysm - Imaging Modalities for the Detection of an Infective Focus. Heart Views 2021; 21:300-304. [PMID: 33986933 PMCID: PMC8104315 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_69_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) and infective endocarditis (IE) are infections associated with considerable morbidity, requiring prompt accurate diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of a 58-year-old male patient with four episodes of recurrent symptomatic SAB treated for IE, but without positive findings on transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). On the last admission, FDG-PET showed increased uptake in the right atrial appendage, and white blood cell single-photon emission computerized tomography (WBC-SPECT) was able to identify the infective focus as IE of the aortic valve. CT of the thorax also identified an associated mycotic aneurysm of the right coronary sinus. He was subsequently treated with mechanical aortic prosthesis and right coronary sinus plasty, and his symptoms did not recur till 2 years postcardiothoracic surgery. This case report demonstrates the emergence of nuclear cardiovascular imaging modalities in the diagnostic workup of IE and the utility of FDG-PET and WBC-SPECT in the identification of the infective focus. Patients with possible IE from the modified Duke criteria should be considered for FDG-PET or WBC-SPECT to enhance sensitivity. Peripheral mycotic aneurysms are a common complication of left-sided IE, which can present late into the disease process, and aortic imaging should be considered in patients with recurrent endocarditis to identify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Han
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Okonkwo
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Attar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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8
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Infective endocarditis - A review of current therapy and future challenges. Hellenic J Cardiol 2020; 62:190-200. [PMID: 33176209 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiological, microbiological and epidemiological factors changed over time, but mortality rates remain high in infective endocarditis (IE). Healthcare-associated IE is nowadays responsible for a significant proportion of cases due to increasing numbers of cardiac devices. Cardiac implantable electronic devices, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and percutaneous valve repair are meanwhile used, especially in old and sick patients. In suspected IE modified Duke criteria, integrating clinical results, imaging, and biomarkers are traditionally applied. Newer imaging technologies such as multi-slice computed tomography, photon-emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging might add value to conventional echocardiography in diagnosis and management of IE. Treatment consists of long-term antibiotic therapy, infectiological source control and/or cardiac surgery. Recently, antibiotic parenteral outpatient regimens and partial oral treatment strategies were shown to shorten hospital stays in patients suffering from IE. However, it remains unclear how to best select patients for partial oral therapy. This review describes new trends in diagnosing, imaging, and treating IE in a changing patient collective with particular focus on patients with implantable cardiac devices.
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9
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Chong H, Majerus SJ, Bogie KM, Zorman CA. Non‐hermetic packaging of biomedical microsystems from a materials perspective: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chong
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Kath M. Bogie
- APT Center Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Orthopaedics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Christian A. Zorman
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- APT Center Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
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10
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Sommerlath Sohns JM, Kröhn H, Schöde A, Derlin T, Haverich A, Schmitto JD, Bengel FM. 18F-FDG PET/CT in Left-Ventricular Assist Device Infection: Initial Results Supporting the Usefulness of Image-Guided Therapy. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:971-976. [PMID: 31806770 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate definition of the extent and severity of left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection may facilitate therapeutic decision making and targeted surgical intervention. Here, we explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for guidance of patient management. Methods: Fifty-seven LVAD-carrying patients received 85 whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans for the work-up of device infection. Clinical follow-up was obtained for up to 2 y. Results: PET/CT showed various patterns of infectious involvement of the 4 LVAD components: driveline entry point (77% of patients), subcutaneous driveline path (87%), pump pocket (49%), and outflow tract (58%). Driveline smears revealed Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas strains as the underlying pathogen in most cases (48 and 34%, respectively). At receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, an 18F-FDG SUV of more than 2.5 was most accurate to identify smear-positive driveline infection. Infection of 3 or all 4 LVAD components showed a trend toward lower survival than did infection of 2 or fewer components (P = 0.089), whereas involvement of thoracic lymph nodes was significantly associated with an adverse outcome (P = 0.001 for nodal SUV above vs. below median). Finally, patients who underwent early surgical revision within 3 mo after PET/CT (n = 21) required significantly less inpatient hospital care during follow-up than did those receiving delayed surgical revision (n = 11; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT identifies the extent of LVAD infection and predicts adverse outcome. Initial experience suggests that early image-guided surgical intervention may facilitate a less complicated subsequent course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Kröhn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Alexandra Schöde
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan D Schmitto
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Seien Ko
- Keio University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uno
- Keio University School of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Keio University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Japan
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12
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Khatoon Z, McTiernan CD, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Alarcon EI. Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01067. [PMID: 30619958 PMCID: PMC6312881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biofilms are defined as complex communities of bacteria residing within an exopolysaccharide matrix that adheres to a surface. In the clinic, they are typically the cause of chronic, nosocomial, and medical device-related infections. Due to the antibiotic-resistant nature of biofilms, the use of antibiotics alone is ineffective for treating biofilm-related infections. In this review, we present a brief overview of concepts of bacterial biofilm formation, and current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. Also, we have reviewed the prevalence of such infections on medical devices and discussed the future challenges that need to be overcome in order to successfully treat biofilms using the novel technologies being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Khatoon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Aldweib N, Farah V, Biederman RWW. Clinical Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pericardial Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:200-212. [PMID: 29921208 PMCID: PMC6131401 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180619104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pericardial diseases are relatively common in clinical practice and encountered in various clinical settings with consequent significant morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis as well as management can be complex and challenging, as the clinical presentation is usually non-specific. Therefore, there is an increasing role for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) as an imaging tool to facilitate the diagnosis of pericardial diseases. Conclusion: Herein we describe conventional and unique CMR approaches to provide an increased non-invasive understanding of the pericardium in health and disease including a novel method to diagnose constrictive pericarditis via radio-frequency tissue tagging by defining unique visceral-parietal adherence patterns easily learned by the cardiologist and radiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Aldweib
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Cardiac MRI. Allegheny General Hospital, East North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Victor Farah
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Cardiac MRI. Allegheny General Hospital, East North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert W W Biederman
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Cardiac MRI. Allegheny General Hospital, East North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Beller GA. Future growth and success of nuclear cardiology. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:375-378. [PMID: 29417418 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A Beller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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