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Augustin KJ, Wieruszewski PM, McLean L, Leiendecker E, Ramakrishna H. Analysis of the 2023 European Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement on the Management of Short-term Mechanical Circulatory Support of Cardiogenic Shock in Adults in the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:1786-1801. [PMID: 38862282 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Joy Augustin
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Patrick M Wieruszewski
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lewis McLean
- Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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2
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Sabe SA, Harris DD, Broadwin M, Sellke FW. Cardioprotection in cardiovascular surgery. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01062-0. [PMID: 38856733 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the invention of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioprotective strategies have been investigated to mitigate ischemic injury to the heart during aortic cross-clamping and reperfusion injury with cross-clamp release. With advances in cardiac surgical and percutaneous techniques and post-operative management strategies including mechanical circulatory support, cardiac surgeons are able to operate on more complex patients. Therefore, there is a growing need for improved cardioprotective strategies to optimize outcomes in these patients. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of cardioprotection in the setting of cardiac surgery, including mechanisms of cardiac injury in the context of cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by a discussion of the specific approaches to optimizing cardioprotection in cardiac surgery, including refinements in cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia, ischemic conditioning, use of specific anesthetic and pharmaceutical agents, and novel mechanical circulatory support technologies. Finally, translational strategies that investigate cardioprotection in the setting of cardiac surgery will be reviewed, with a focus on promising research in the areas of cell-based and gene therapy. Advances in this area will help cardiologists and cardiac surgeons mitigate myocardial ischemic injury, improve functional post-operative recovery, and optimize clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Dwight D Harris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
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Liu J, Peer SB, Sheth SS, Loor G. Restoration of Epicardial Blood Flow After Left Ventricular Unloading With the Impella CP Heart Pump in a Patient With STEMI Treated With Surgical Revascularization. Tex Heart Inst J 2024; 51:e238322. [PMID: 38805372 PMCID: PMC11134273 DOI: 10.14503/thij-23-8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Left main occlusion presenting as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is an exceedingly morbid condition. This article reports a case of cardiac arrest in a patient after a treadmill stress test. Coronary angiography revealed 100% occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Left ventricular unloading with the Impella CP heart pump (ABIOMED/Johnson & Johnson MedTech) was used, after which epicardial blood flow was restored without angioplasty. The patient underwent surgical revascularization. Despite a prolonged revascularization time, there was no evidence of severe myocardial injury postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Syed B. Peer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Samar S. Sheth
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Fukumitsu M, Saku K. Reconsidering coronary circulation in the era of LV unloading - the underlying physiology in the non-physiological setting. J Physiol 2024; 602:1661-1662. [PMID: 38535892 DOI: 10.1113/jp286424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Fukumitsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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5
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Zhang H, Hu H, Zhai C, Jing L, Tian H. Cardioprotective Strategies After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024; 24:5-18. [PMID: 37815758 PMCID: PMC10806044 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although early reperfusion is the most effective strategy to salvage ischemic myocardium, reperfusion injury can develop with the restoration of blood flow. Therefore, it is important to identify protection mechanisms and strategies for the heart after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have shown that multiple intracellular molecules and signaling pathways are involved in cardioprotection. Meanwhile, device-based cardioprotective modalities such as cardiac left ventricular unloading, hypothermia, coronary sinus intervention, supersaturated oxygen (SSO2), and remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) have become important areas of research. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection and cardioprotective modalities after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to identify potential approaches to reduce mortality and improve prognosis in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mazimba S, Jeukeng C, Ondigi O, Mwansa H, Johnson AE, Elumogo C, Breathett K, Kwon Y, Mubanga M, Mwansa V, Baldeo C, Ibrahim S, Selinski C, Mehta N, Bilchick K. Coronary perfusion pressure is associated with adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure. Perfusion 2023; 38:1492-1500. [PMID: 35947883 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221118693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial perfusion is an important determinant of cardiac function. We hypothesized that low coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) would be associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure. Myocardial perfusion impacts the contractile efficiency thus a low CPP would signal low myocardial perfusion in the face of increased cardiac demand as a result of volume overload. METHODS We analyzed patients with complete hemodynamic data in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial using Cox Proportional Hazards regression for the primary outcome of the composite risk of death, heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device [(LVAD). DT × LVAD] and the secondary outcome of the composite risk of DT × LVAD and heart failure hospitalization (DT × LVADHF). CPP was calculated as the difference between diastolic blood pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Heart failure categories (ischemic vs non-ischemic) were also stratified based on CPP strata. RESULTS The 158 patients (56.7 ± 13.6 years, 28.5% female) studied had a median CPP of 40 mmHg (IQR 35-52 mmHg). During 6 months of follow-up, 35 (22.2%) had the composite primary outcome and 109 (69.0%) had the composite secondary outcome. When these outcomes were then stratified based on the median, CPP was associated with these outcomes. Increasing CPP was associated with lower risk of both the primary outcome of DT × LVAD (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99 p = .002) and as well as the secondary outcome of DT × LVADHF (p = .0008) There was significant interaction between CPP and ischemic etiology (p = .04). CONCLUSION A low coronary artery perfusion pressure below (median) 40mmHg in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing invasive hemodynamic monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter was associated with adverse outcomes. CPP could useful in guiding risk stratification of advanced heart failure patients and timely evaluation of advanced heart failure therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sula Mazimba
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Olivia Ondigi
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Comfort Elumogo
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cherisse Baldeo
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sami Ibrahim
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Hada M, Usui E, Wakasa N, Sasano T, Kakuta T. Impact of Impella on Coronary Flow Assessed by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography. Cureus 2023; 15:e46604. [PMID: 37933363 PMCID: PMC10625873 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 66-year-old male patient presented with anterior ST-elevated myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. After placement of the Impella device (Abiomed, Danvers, Massachusetts), the patient successfully underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for lesions in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery. Coronary flow in the LAD according to the support setting was evaluated using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography during Impella weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, JPN
| | - Eisuke Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, JPN
| | - Nobutaka Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, JPN
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, JPN
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Koide M, Fukui K, Sugimoto H, Takeda Y, Sogabe K, Kato Y, Kitajima H, Akabame S. Impella-Supported Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Aggressive Rotational Atherectomy for Heavily Calcified Lesions in Left Main Trunk Bifurcation in a Patient with Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. Case Rep Cardiol 2023; 2023:6894610. [PMID: 37609065 PMCID: PMC10442179 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6894610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Impella, a percutaneous left ventricular assist device, has been reported to minimize the risk of hemodynamic compromise and improve clinical outcomes during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in complex high-risk indicated patients (CHIPs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides information on calcified plaque thickness, which is helpful in determining the indication and endpoint of atherectomy during PCI for calcified lesions. However, there are few reports on OCT-guided aggressive rotational atherectomy with Impella assistance in CHIPs. A 71-year-old man on dialysis for end-stage renal failure was admitted for congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and coronary angiography performed after improvement of heart failure showed severe stenosis with heavily calcified lesions in the left main trunk (LMT) bifurcation and right coronary artery. The patient refused coronary artery bypass surgery and was revascularized using PCI. PCI was started with prophylactic Impella CP insertion because of the high risk of hemodynamic collapse. After OCT-guided rotational atherectomy with 1.5- and 2.0-mm burr toward the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery, respectively, double-kissing culotte stenting was performed in the LMT, and good dilation was obtained. Impella CP was removed immediately after PCI without hemodynamic compromise, and the procedure was completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Koide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kento Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Sogabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akabame
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Tiba MH, Nakashima T, McCracken BM, Hsu CH, Gottula AL, Greer NL, Cramer TA, Sutton NR, Ward KR, Neumar RW. Haemodynamic impact of aortic balloon occlusion combined with percutaneous left ventricular assist device during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2023; 189:109885. [PMID: 37385400 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of tandem use of transient balloon occlusion of the descending aorta (AO) and percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pl-VAD) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a large animal model of prolonged cardiac arrest. METHODS Ventricular fibrillation was induced and left untreated for 8 minutes followed by 16 minutes of mechanical CPR (mCPR) in 24 swine, under general anesthesia. Animals were randomized to 3 treatment groups (n = 8 per group): A) pL-VAD (Impella CP®) B) pL-VAD+AO, and C) AO. Impella CP® and the aortic balloon catheter were inserted via the femoral arteries. mCPR was continued during treatment. Defibrillation was attempted 3 times starting at minute 28 and then every 4 minutes. Haemodynamic, cardiac function and blood gas measurements were recorded for up to 4 hours. RESULTS Coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) in the pL-VAD+AO Group increased by a mean (SD) of 29.2(13.94) mmHg compared to an increase of 7.1(12.08) and 7.1(5.95) mmHg for groups pL-VAD and AO respectively (p = 0.02). Similarly, cerebral perfusion pressure (CePP) in pL-VAD+AO increased by a mean (SD) of 23.6 (6.11), mmHg compared with 0.97 (9.07) and 6.9 (7.98) mmHg for the other two groups (p < 0.001). The rate of return of spontaneous heartbeat (ROSHB) was 87.5%, 75%, and 100% for pL-VAD+AO, pL-VAD, and AO. CONCLUSION Combined AO and pL-VAD improved CPR hemodynamics compared to either intervention alone in this swine model of prolonged cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hakam Tiba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Brendan M McCracken
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Cindy H Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Adam L Gottula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Nicholas L Greer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Traci A Cramer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Kevin R Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Tayal R, Kalra S, Seth A, Chandra P, Sohal S, Punamiya K, Rao R, Rastogi V, Kapardhi PLN, Sharma S, Kumar P, Arneja J, Mathew R, Kumar D, Mahesh NK, Trehan V. Clinical expert consensus document on the use of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices during complex high-risk PCI in India using a standardised algorithm. ASIAINTERVENTION 2022; 8:75-85. [PMID: 36483283 PMCID: PMC9706744 DOI: 10.4244/aij-d-22-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD), such as the Impella microaxial flow pump (Abiomed), have been increasingly used to provide haemodynamic support during complex and high-risk revascularisation procedures to reduce the risk of intraprocedural haemodynamic compromise and to facilitate complete and optimal revascularisation. A global consensus on patient selection for the use of pLVADs, however, is currently lacking. Access to these devices is different across the world, thus, individual health care environments need to create and refine patient selection paradigms to optimise the use of these devices. The Impella pLVAD has recently been introduced in India and is being used in several centres in the management of high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and cardiogenic shock. With this increasing utilisation, there is a need for a standardised evaluation protocol to guide Impella use that factors in the unique economic and infrastructural characteristics of India's health care system to ensure that the needs of patients are optimally managed. In this consensus document, we present an algorithm to guide Impella use in Indian patients: to establish a standardised patient selection and usage paradigm that will allow both optimal patient outcomes and ongoing data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tayal
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, The Valley Hospital, Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Sanjog Kalra
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashok Seth
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Chandra
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Medanta Heart Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Sumit Sohal
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kirti Punamiya
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ravinder Rao
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Vishal Rastogi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P L N Kapardhi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Eternal Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Prathap Kumar
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Meditrina Group of Hospitals, Kollam, India
| | - Jaspal Arneja
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Arneja Heart and Multispeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Rony Mathew
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Lisie Hospital, Ernakulam, India
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - N K Mahesh
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Apollo Adlux Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - Vijay Trehan
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Novel therapeutic strategies to reduce reperfusion injury after acute myocardial infarction. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101398. [PMID: 36108813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For almost 30 years, urgent revascularization termed primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has been a cornerstone of modern care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It lowers mortality and improved cardiovascular outcome compared to conservative therapy including thrombolysis. Reperfusion injury, which occurs after successful re-opening of the formerly occluded coronary artery, had been exploited as a potential therapeutic target. When revascularisation became faster and pPCI was successfully performed within 60-90 minutes of symptom onset, the interest in a potential additive effect of targeting reperfusion injury vanished. More recently, several meta-analyses indicated that limiting reperfusion injury prevents microvascular obstruction and reduces final infarct size, thereby lowering the probability of heart failure events and improving quality of life in AMI survivors. Here, we describe the current strategies to limit reperfusion injury and to improve post-AMI outcomes such as systemic or intracoronary hypothermia, left-ventricular unloading, intracoronary infusion of super-saturated oxygen, intermittent coronary sinus occlusion, and C-reactive protein apharesis.
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12
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Batchelor RJ, Wheelahan A, Zheng WC, Stub D, Yang Y, Chan W. Impella versus Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143955. [PMID: 35887718 PMCID: PMC9317942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Despite an increase in the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices for acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS), there is currently no randomised data directly comparing the use of Impella and veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched in November 2021. Studies directly comparing the use of Impella (CP, 2.5 or 5.0) with VA-ECMO for AMI-CS were included. Studies examining other modalities of MCS, or other causes of cardiogenic shock, were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: No randomised trials comparing VA-ECMO to Impella in patients with AMI-CS were identified. Six cohort studies (five retrospective and one prospective) were included for systematic review. All studies, including 7093 patients, were included in meta-analysis. Five studies reported in-hospital mortality, which, when pooled, was 42.4% in the Impella group versus 50.1% in the VA-ECMO group. Impella support for AMI-CS was associated with an 11% relative risk reduction in in-hospital mortality compared to VA-ECMO (risk ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.96, I2 0%). Of the six studies, three studies also adjusted outcome measures via propensity-score matching with reported reductions in in-hospital mortality with Impella compared to VA-ECMO (risk ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.59–0.86, I2 35%). Pooled analysis of five studies with 6- or 12-month mortality data reported a 14% risk reduction with Impella over the medium-to-long-term (risk ratio 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97, I2 0%). Conclusions: There is no high-level evidence comparing VA-ECMO and Impella in AMI-CS. In available observation studies, MCS with Impella was associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital and medium-term mortality as compared to VA-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J. Batchelor
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (R.J.B.); (W.C.Z.); (D.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Wheelahan
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
| | - Wayne C. Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (R.J.B.); (W.C.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Dion Stub
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (R.J.B.); (W.C.Z.); (D.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Western Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
| | - William Chan
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (R.J.B.); (W.C.Z.); (D.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9076-3263
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Hsieh MJ, Chen CC, Chen DY, Lee CH, Ho MY, Yeh JK, Huang YC, Lu YY, Chang CY, Wang CY, Chang SH, Hsieh IC. Risk Stratification by Coronary Perfusion Pressure in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Patients Undergoing Revascularization: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:860346. [PMID: 35498029 PMCID: PMC9046789 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.860346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and coronary artery stenosis are responsible for myocardial perfusion. However, how CPP-related survival outcome affects revascularization is unclear. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic role of CPP in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with complete revascularization (CR) or reasonable incomplete revascularization (RIR). Methods We retrospectively screened 6,076 consecutive patients in a registry. The residual synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score (rSS) was used to define CR (rSS = 0) and RIR (0<rSS≤8). Propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias between RIR and CR. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results In total, 816 patients with LVSD who underwent CR or RIR were enrolled. After a mean follow-up of 4.6 years, 134 patients died. Both CPP and RIR independently predicted mortality in the total population. After 1:1 matching, 175 pairs of RIR and CR were found in patients with CPP > 42 mmHg. Moreover, 101 pairs of RIR and CR were present in patients with CPP ≤ 42 mmHg. In patients with CPP > 42 mmHg, RIR was not significantly different from CR in long-term mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.70–2.07; p = 0.513]; However, in patients with CPP≤42 mmHg, RIR had a significantly higher mortality risk than CR (HR 2.39; 95% CI: 1.27–4.50; p = 0.007). Conclusions The CPP had a risk stratification role in selecting different revascularization strategies in patients with LVSD. When patients with LVSD had CPP > 42 mmHg, RIR was equivalent to CR in survival. However, when patients with LVSD had CPP ≤ 42 mmHg, RIR had a significantly higher mortality risk than CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ming-Jer Hsieh
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yun Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Kai Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- I-Chang Hsieh
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14
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Manian N, Thakker J, Nair A. The Use of Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices for ACS Patients with Cardiogenic Shock and High-Risk PCI. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:699-709. [PMID: 35403950 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been a significant expansion of the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices for patient with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with cardiogenic shock (CS) and in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous interventions (PCI). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the indications and outcomes of these devices in high-risk cardiac patients. RECENT FINDINGS Early revascularization of the culprit-lesion is the immediate goal in ACS patients with CS and the use of pulmonary artery catheters has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock. The MCS devices that are used for myocardial support include the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), the left ventricle (LV) to aorta pumps, left atrium (LA) to arterial pumps, and right atrial (RA) to arterial pumps. This review provides an overview on the use of these devices in patients with ACS and CS and those undergoing high-risk PCI. Attention is focused on the IABP, the Impella (LV-aorta pump), the TandemHeart (LA-arterial pump), and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (RA-arterial pump). The indications, evidence, and complications of each device are reviewed. Each device varies in its physiological effect on native heart function, complexity in insertion, and complications. The use of MCS devices for high-risk PCI and CS has increased in recent years and have demonstrated efficacy in supporting a vulnerable myocardium. Although recommendations can be made for use of each device in certain clinical scenarios, further evidence through registries and clinical trials is necessary to guide appropriate device utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Manian
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Janki Thakker
- Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Ste 6C, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ajith Nair
- Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Ste 6C, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Perioperative Management of Patients Receiving Short-term Mechanical Circulatory Support with the Transvalvular Heart Pump. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:829-842. [PMID: 35120198 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Use of the transvalvular heart pump to provide short-term circulatory support in the perioperative setting is growing. The considerations for the perioperative management of patients receiving transvalvular heart pump support are reviewed for the anesthesiologist.
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16
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Gottula AL, Shaw CR, Milligan J, Chuko J, Lauria M, Swiencki A, Bonomo J, Ahmad S, Hinckley WR, Gorder KL. Impella in Transport: Physiology, Mechanics, Complications, and Transport Considerations. Air Med J 2022; 41:114-127. [PMID: 35248330 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a spectrum of hemodynamic deficits in which the cardiac output is insufficient to provide adequate tissue perfusion. The Impella (Abiomed Inc, Danvers, MA) device, a contemporary percutaneous ventricular support, is most often indicated for classic, deteriorating, and extremis Society for Coronary Angiography and Intervention stages of CS, which describe CS that is not responsive to optimal medical management and conventional treatment measures. Impella devices are an evolving field of mechanical support that is used with increasing frequency. Critical care transport medicine crews are required to transport patient support by the Impella device with increasing frequency. It is important that critical care transport medicine crews are familiar with the Impella device and are able to troubleshoot complications that may arise in the transport environment. This article reviews many aspects of the Impella device critical to the transport of this complex patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Gottula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Christopher R Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Justine Milligan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Air Care & Mobile Care, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan Chuko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Air Care & Mobile Care, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Lauria
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Amy Swiencki
- Air Care & Mobile Care, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jordan Bonomo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Saad Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - William R Hinckley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Air Care & Mobile Care, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, OH
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17
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Kanyal R, Byrne J. The role of mechanical support devices during percutaneous coronary intervention. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 10:20480040211014064. [PMID: 34691407 PMCID: PMC8532259 DOI: 10.1177/20480040211014064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of interventional cardiology has changed dramatically over the last four decades since Andreas Gruentzig carried out the first balloon angioplasty. The obvious technological improvements in stent design and interventional techniques have facilitated the routine treatment of a higher risk cohort of patients, including those with complex coronary artery disease and poor left ventricular function, and more often in the setting of cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The use of mechanical cardiac support (MCS) in these settings has been the subject of intense interest, particularly over the past decade . A number of commercially available devices now add to the interventional cardiologist’s armamentarium when faced with the critically unwell or high-risk patient in the cardiac catheter laboratory. The theoretical advantage of such devices in these settings is clear- an increase in cardiac output and hence mean arterial pressure, with variable effects on coronary blood flow. In doing so, they have the potential to prevent the downward cascade of ischaemia and hypoperfusion, but there is a paucity of evidence to support their routine use in any patient subset, even those presenting with cardiogenic shock. This review will discuss the use and haemodynamic effect of MCS devices during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and also examine the clinical evidence for their use in patients with cardiogenic shock, and those undergoing ‘high risk’ PCI
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kanyal
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Byrne
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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18
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Kametani M, Yamada M, Horibata Y, Sakamoto T, Unoki T. Increased and continuous coronary arterial flow was induced by LV uncoupling condition using combined treatment of a microaxial heart pump and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15084. [PMID: 34676674 PMCID: PMC8531598 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging therapeutic modality, ECPELLA, which combines a transvalvular microaxial left ventricular (LV) assist device, Impella, and venoarterial membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), has been applied for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. During ECPELLA support, VA-ECMO increases the LV load, whereas the Impella reduces the LV load. Studies reported that coronary perfusion is influenced by LV unloading conditions, and the effective degree of LV unloading to increase the coronary perfusion on ECPELLA support remains to be determined. Here, we reported a cardiogenic shock case whose coronary arterial flow was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during ECPELLA support. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) peak blood flow velocity and the velocity time integral (VTI) were not significantly increased when blood was ejected from the LV (partial LV unloading). When the LV blood ejection was completely bypassed by Impella confirmed by non-pulsatile aortic pressure with significantly reduced LV pressure with no aortic valve opening (LV uncoupling: no blood ejection from the LV), both peak velocity and VTI of the LAD were markedly increased and the blood flow became continuous throughout the cardiac cycle. Our case suggests that the coronary arterial flow in the injured myocardium is sensitive to degrees of LV unloading on ECPELLA support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Kametani
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular centerKumamoto CityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular centerKumamoto CityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yoko Horibata
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular centerKumamoto CityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Sakamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular centerKumamoto CityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takashi Unoki
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular centerKumamoto CityKumamotoJapan
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19
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Lemor A, Basir MB, Truesdell AG, Tamis-Holland JE, Alqarqaz M, Grines CL, Villablanca PA, Alaswad K, Pinto DS, O'Neill W. Trends in the Outcomes of High-risk Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device-assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 2008-2018. Am J Cardiol 2021; 156:65-71. [PMID: 34344515 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVAD) are frequently utilized in high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR-PCI) to provide hemodynamic support in patients with complex cardiovascular disease and/or multiple comorbidities who are poor candidates for surgical revascularization. Using the National Inpatient Sample we identified pVAD-assisted PCI (excluding intra-aortic balloon pump) in patients without cardiogenic shock from January 2008 to December 2018. We evaluated the trends in patient and procedural characteristics, and complication rates across the 11-year study period. A total of 26,661 pVAD-PCI was performed. From 2008 to 2018 there has was a 27-fold increase in the number of pVAD-PCIs performed annually. There has also been an increase in the proportion of procedures performed in small to medium sized hospitals. The use of atherectomy, image-guided PCI, FFR/iFR, drug-eluting stents, and multi-vessel intervention has significantly increased. Patients undergoing pVAD-PCI had a higher burden of comorbidities, without a significant difference in mortality over time. There were decreased rates of acute stroke and blood transfusions over time, while vascular complications and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis remained mostly unchanged. In conclusion, the use of pVAD for HR-PCI has increased significantly, along with adjunctive PCI techniques such as atherectomy, intravascular imaging, and physiologic lesion assessment. With increasing use of this device, there appeared to be lower rates of peri-procedural stroke, and blood transfusions. Despite a higher burden of comorbidities, adjusted mortality remained stable over time.
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20
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Briceno N, Ryan M, O'Gallagher K, Patterson T, Rivolo S, Lee J, O'Kane P, Redwood SR, Shah AM, Perera D. Effect of Percutaneous Left Ventricular Unloading on Coronary Flow and Cardiac Coronary Coupling in Patients Undergoing High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:e010454. [PMID: 34340522 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.120.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Briceno
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, St Thomas Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (N.B., M.R., T.P., S.R.R., D.P.)
| | - Matthew Ryan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, St Thomas Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (N.B., M.R., T.P., S.R.R., D.P.)
| | - Kevin O'Gallagher
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (K.O., A.M.S.)
| | - Tiffany Patterson
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, St Thomas Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (N.B., M.R., T.P., S.R.R., D.P.)
| | - Simone Rivolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (S.R., J.L.)
| | - Jack Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (S.R., J.L.)
| | - Peter O'Kane
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospital, United Kingdom (P.O.)
| | - Simon R Redwood
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, St Thomas Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (N.B., M.R., T.P., S.R.R., D.P.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (K.O., A.M.S.)
| | - Divaka Perera
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, St Thomas Hospital Campus, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. (N.B., M.R., T.P., S.R.R., D.P.)
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21
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Chieffo A, Dudek D, Hassager C, Combes A, Gramegna M, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Kunadian V, Maly J, Møller J, Pappalardo F, Tarantini G, Tavazzi G, Thiele H, Vandenbriele C, Van Mieghem NM, Vranckx P, Werner N, Price S. Joint EAPCI/ACVC expert consensus document on percutaneous ventricular assist devices. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 17:e274-e286. [PMID: 34057071 PMCID: PMC9709772 DOI: 10.4244/eijy21m05_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in the use of short-term percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs) as acute circulatory support in cardiogenic shock and to provide haemodynamic support during interventional procedures, including high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions. Although frequently considered together, pVADs differ in their haemodynamic effects, management, indications, insertion techniques, and monitoring requirements. This consensus document summarizes the views of an expert panel by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and the Association for Acute Cardiovascular Care (ACVC) and appraises the value of short-term pVAD. It reviews the pathophysiological context and possible indications for pVAD in different clinical settings and provides guidance regarding the management of pVAD based on existing evidence and best current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit San Raffaele Scientific Institute - Milan, Italy
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alain Combes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cardiology Institute, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University Medical School, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mario Gramegna
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Montleartstrasse 37, A-1160 Vienna, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Freudplatz 3, A-1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jiri Maly
- Cardiac Center, IKEM Prague, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC Italy, Via Ernesto Triconi 5, 94100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantini
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Struempellstr 30, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Vandenbriele
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK
| | - Nicolas M. Van Mieghem
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vranckx
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Hasselt Martelarenplein 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nikos Werner
- Heart Center Trier,Department of Internal Medicine III, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Nordallee 1, 54292 Trier, Germany
| | - Susanna Price
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK
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22
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Baljepally R, Tahir H. Effect of Atrioventricular Dyssynchrony on Impella Hemodynamics: Mechanism and Its Clinical Implications. Cardiol Res 2021; 12:219-224. [PMID: 34349862 PMCID: PMC8297037 DOI: 10.14740/cr1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiologic importance of atrial systole and atrioventricular (AV) synchrony in maintaining cardiac performance is well established. However, the role of AV synchrony in maintaining adequate Impella output has not been fully evaluated. Despite the common belief that AV dyssynchrony does not affect Impella output, given that Impella is a continuous flow device, recent reports indicate that AV dyssynchrony can lead to low Impella output in patients with cardiogenic shock complicated by complete heart block. Temporary transvenous pacing without establishing AV synchrony may fail to improve Impella hemodynamics; therefore, understanding the mechanism of low Impella output in AV dyssynchrony and promptly restoring AV synchrony may improve Impella output in such cases and lead to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Baljepally
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Vascular Institute, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hassan Tahir
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Vascular Institute, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
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23
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McKenzie A, Zhou C, Svendsen C, Anketell R, Behroozi A, Jessa D, Piehl C, Rayson R, Yeung M, Stouffer GA. Ability of a novel shock index that incorporates invasive hemodynamics to predict mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:87-94. [PMID: 33421279 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the use of invasively measured hemodynamics improves the prognostic ability of a shock index (SI). BACKGROUND SI such as Admission-SI, Age-SI, Modified SI (MSI), and Age-MSI predict short-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS Single-center study of 510 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. STEMI SI was defined as age × heart rate (HR) divided by coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). RESULTS The mean age was 62 ± 14 years, 66% were males with hypertension (69%), tobacco use (38%), diabetes (28%) and chronic kidney disease (6%). The mean HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and CPP were 81 ± 18 bpm, 124 ± 28 mmHg, and 52.8 ± 16.3 mmHg, respectively. Patients with STEMI SI ≥182 (n = 51) were more likely to experience a cardiac arrest in the catheterization laboratory (9.8% vs. 2.0%; p = .001), require mechanical circulatory support (47.1% vs. 8.5%; p < .0001) and be treated with vasopressors (56.9% vs. 10.7%; p < .0001) compared to STEMI SI < 182 (n = 459). After multivariate adjustment, patients with STEMI SI ≥182 were 10, 10.1 and 4.8 times more likely to die during hospitalization, at 30 days and at 5 years, respectively. The C statistic of STEMI SI was 0.870, similar to GRACE score (AUC = 0.902; p = .29) and TIMI STEMI score (AUC = 0.895; p = .36). CONCLUSION STEMI SI is an easy to calculate risk score that identifies STEMI patients at high risk of in-hospital death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McKenzie
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia Zhou
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Svendsen
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca Anketell
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arash Behroozi
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dafe Jessa
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert Rayson
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Yeung
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - George A Stouffer
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Chieffo A, Dudek D, Hassager C, Combes A, Gramegna M, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Kunadian V, Maly J, Møller JE, Pappalardo F, Tarantini G, Tavazzi G, Thiele H, Vandenbriele C, van Mieghem N, Vranckx P, Werner N, Price S. Joint EAPCI/ACVC expert consensus document on percutaneous ventricular assist devices. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2021; 10:570-583. [PMID: 34057173 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in the use of short-term percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs) as acute circulatory support in cardiogenic shock and to provide haemodynamic support during interventional procedures, including high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions. Although frequently considered together, pVADs differ in their haemodynamic effects, management, indications, insertion techniques, and monitoring requirements. This consensus document summarizes the views of an expert panel by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and the Association for Acute Cardiovascular Care (ACVC) and appraises the value of short-term pVAD. It reviews the pathophysiological context and possible indications for pVAD in different clinical settings and provides guidance regarding the management of pVAD based on existing evidence and best current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland and Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alain Combes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cardiology Institute, Pitieé Salpeêtrieère Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University Medical School, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mario Gramegna
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Montleartstrasse 37, A-1160 Vienna, and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Freudplatz 3, A-1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jiri Maly
- Cardiac Center, IKEM Prague, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC Italy, Via Ernesto Triconi 5, 94100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantini
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Struempellstr 30, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Vandenbriele
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK
| | - Nicolas van Mieghem
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vranckx
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Hasselt Martelarenplein 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nikos Werner
- Heart Center Trier, Department of Internal Medicine III, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Nordallee 1, 54292 Trier, Germany
| | - Susanna Price
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK
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25
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Abstract
Despite advances in cardiovascular care, managing cardiogenic shock caused by structural heart disease is challenging. Patients with cardiogenic shock are critically ill upon presentation and require early disease recognition and rapid escalation of care. Temporary mechanical circulatory support provides a higher level of care than current medical therapies such as vasopressors and inotropes. This review article focuses on the role of hemodynamic monitoring, mechanical circulatory support, and device selection in patients who present with cardiogenic shock due to structural heart disease. Early initiation of appropriate mechanical circulatory support may reduce morbidity and mortality.
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26
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Simonton C, Thompson C, Wollmuth JR, Morris DL, Dahle TG. The Role of Hemodynamic Support in High-risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. US CARDIOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.15420/usc.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced age, complex coronary anatomy, and multiple comorbidities are often unsuitable for surgical revascularization. In this setting, hemodynamic support devices are used as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention to maintain hemodynamic stability and enable optimal revascularization. This article provides an overview of percutaneous hemodynamic support devices currently used in clinical practice for high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. These include the intra-aortic balloon pump, centrifugal pumps (TandemHeart, venous arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), and micro-axial Impella pump. The hemodynamic effects, clinical evidence supporting improved outcomes and recovery of heart function, and associated complications with these devices are highlighted, with a special focus on Impella pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D Lynn Morris
- East Carolina Heart Institute Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC
| | - Thom G Dahle
- Centracare Heart and Vascular Center, St Cloud, MN
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27
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Seto AH, Yu J, Iwaz J, Kern MJ. Effects of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation on translesional coronary hemodynamics. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 96:871-877. [PMID: 32562439 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) provides counterpulsation by displacing a 40-50 cc blood volume during diastole augmenting diastolic pressure. The rapid deflation of the balloon timed to the initiation of systole reduces the afterload of ventricular ejection and thus peak systolic pressure. As a direct result, IABP increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and peak diastolic pressure while reducing systolic pressure and myocardial work. IABP increases coronary flow velocity in non-obstructed vessels, but does not increase flow across a severe obstruction as shown by intracoronary Doppler flow studies (Kern et al., Circulation, 1993;87:500-511 and Kern et al., Circulation 1991;84:II-485). There are few studies using pressure sensor guidewires to confirm these responses. We present a case illustrating the translesional hemodynamics using an angioplasty sensor pressure wire across a severe stenosis and the unique influence of the IABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold H Seto
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jeannie Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - James Iwaz
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Morton J Kern
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, California, USA
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28
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Kariya T, Yamada KP, Bikou O, Tharakan S, Miyashita S, Ishikawa K. Novel Porcine Model of Coronary Dissection Reveals the Impact of Impella on Dissected Coronary Arterial Hemodynamics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:162. [PMID: 33110912 PMCID: PMC7522595 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery dissection (CAD) sometimes accompanies unstable hemodynamics and requires mechanical cardiac support. Meanwhile, mechanical cardiac support may influence coronary hemodynamics in CAD. No study has examined the impact of Impella left ventricular (LV) support on CAD. Materials and Methods: CAD was induced in eight Yorkshire pigs by injuring the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using a 0.018-in. stiff guidewire and/or deep engagement of a blunt-cut coronary guiding catheter. After the creation of CAD, hemodynamic parameters, coronary pressure, and flow as well as coronary angiograms were acquired before and after maximum LV support using the Impella CP. Result: CADs with a large flap were successfully created by deep engagement of a blunt-tip guiding catheter with forceful contrast injection. One animal (#8) exhibited thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-1 flow, while the others (animals #1-#7) showed TIMI-2/3 flow. In TIMI-2/3 animals, maximal Impella support increased mean coronary pressure (108.4 ± 22.5 to 124.7 ± 28.0 mmHg, P < 0.001) with unchanged mean coronary flow velocity (63.50 ± 28.66 to 48.32 ± 13.30 cm/s, P = 0.17) of the LAD distal to the dissection. The LV end-diastolic pressure (20.6 ± 6.6 vs. 12.0 ± 3.4 mmHg, P = 0.032), LV end-diastolic volume (127 ± 32 vs. 97 ± 26 ml, P = 0.015), stroke volume (68 ± 16 vs. 48 ± 14 ml, P = 0.003), stroke work (5,744 ± 1,866 vs. 4,424 ± 1,650 mmHg·ml, P = 0.003), and heart rate (71.4 ± 6.6 vs. 64.9 ± 9.3/min, P = 0.014) were all significantly reduced by Impella support, indicating effective unloading of the LV. In the TIMI-1 animal (animal #8), maximal Impella support resulted in further delay in angiographic coronary flow and reduced distal coronary pressure (22.9-17.1 mmHg), together with increased false-lumen pressure. Conclusion: Impella support effectively unloaded the LV and maintained the hemodynamics in a novel porcine model of CAD. Coronary pressure distal to the dissection was increased in TIMI-2/3 animals after Impella support but decreased in the animal with initial TIMI-1 flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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29
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Tehrani BN, Basir MB, Kapur NK. Acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock: Should we unload the ventricle before percutaneous coronary intervention? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:607-622. [PMID: 32920027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite early reperfusion and coordinated systems of care, cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the number one cause of morbidity and in-hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). CS is a complex clinical syndrome that begins with hemodynamic instability and can progress to multi-organ failure and profound hemo-metabolic compromise. To improve outcomes, a clear understanding of the treatment objectives in CS and developing time-sensitive management strategies aimed at stabilizing hemodynamics and restoring myocardial perfusion are critical. Left ventricular (LV) load has been identified as an independent predictor of heart failure and mortality following AMI. Decades of preclinical and clinical research have identified several effective LV unloading strategies. Recent initiatives from single and multi-center registries and more recently the Door to Unload (DTU)-STEMI pilot study have provided valuable insight to developing a standardized treatment approach to AMI, based on early invasive hemodynamics and tailored circulatory support to unload the LV. To follow is a review of the pathophysiology and prevalence of shock, limitations of current therapies, and the pre-clinical and translational basis for incorporating LV unloading into contemporary AMI and shock care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam N Tehrani
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
| | - Mir B Basir
- Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Navin K Kapur
- The CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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30
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Lemor A, Basir MB, Patel K, Kolski B, Kaki A, Kapur NK, Riley R, Finley J, Goldsweig A, Aronow HD, Belford PM, Tehrani B, Truesdell AG, Lasorda D, Bharadwaj A, Hanson I, LaLonde T, Gorgis S, O'Neill W, Lemor A, Basir MB, O'Neill WW, Patel K, Kolski B, Schreiber T, Kaki A, Tehrani B, Truesdell AG, Lasorda D, Bharadwaj A, Hanson I, Almany S, Timmis S, Dixon S, Lalonde T, Attallah A, Todd J, Marso S, Wilkins C, Patel N, Senter S, McRae T, Rahman A, Gelormini J, Kapur N, Singh IM, Riley R, O'Neill B, Overly T, Sharma R, Dupont A, Green M, Lim M, Khuddus M, Caputo C, Larkin T, Askari R, Marso S, Nsair A, Akhtar Y, Hanson I, Lin L, McAllister D, Finley J, Goldsweig A, Park J, Gorwara S, Nazir R, Martin S, Foster M, Smith C, Rangaswamy C, Zuberi O, Federici R, Baker J, Cawich I, Korpas D, Srivastava N, Aronow HD, Schaeffer M, Wohns D, Belford PM, Mehra A, Blank N, Alraies MC, Ashbrook M, Abdel-Hafez O, Khandelwal A, Alaswad K, Gorgis S, Johnson T, Hacala M. Multivessel Versus Culprit-Vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Cardiogenic Shock. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:1171-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Azzalini L, Johal GS, Baber U, Bander J, Moreno PR, Bazi L, Kapur V, Barman N, Kini AS, Sharma SK. Outcomes of Impella‐supported high‐risk nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention in a large single‐center registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 97:E26-E33. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Azzalini
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Gurpreet S. Johal
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Usman Baber
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Jeffrey Bander
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Pedro R. Moreno
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Lucas Bazi
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Vishal Kapur
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Nitin Barman
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Annapoorna S. Kini
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Samin K. Sharma
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
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32
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Kern MJ, Seto AH, Piek JJ, van de Hoef T, Davies J. Letter by Kern et al Regarding Article, "Effects of Impella on Coronary Perfusion in Patients With Critical Coronary Artery Stenosis". Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e007751. [PMID: 30722690 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.118.007751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morton J Kern
- Department of Medicine (M.J.K.), Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, University of California, Irvine
| | - Arnold H Seto
- Department of Cardiology (A.H.S.), Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.P., T.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.P., T.v.d.H.)
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33
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Alqarqaz M, Basir M, Alaswad K, O’Neill W. Response by Alqarqaz et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Effects of Impella on Coronary Perfusion in Patients With Critical Coronary Artery Stenosis”. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e007771. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alqarqaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Mir Basir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Khaldoon Alaswad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - William O’Neill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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34
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Buchanan KD, Kolm P, Iantorno M, Gajanana D, Rogers T, Gai J, Torguson R, Ben-Dor I, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Waksman R. Coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular hemodynamics as predictors of cardiovascular collapse following percutaneous coronary intervention. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 20:11-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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