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Wu Q, Li Y, Ye R, Wang H, Ge Y. Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) protects against cerebral ischemic injury through NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107666. [PMID: 38423152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) has been shown to play important roles in the immune and nervous systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of VAP on cerebral ischemic injury with the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC-12 cells stimulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to mimic cerebral ischemic injury in vitro. The levels of ROS, SOD, and intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ were measured by the relevant kits. Meanwhile, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were determined by ELISA kit assay. In addition, MTT, EdU, and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the cell proliferation and apoptosis. Besides which, the related proteins of NF-κB signaling pathway were measured by western blotting assay. RESULTS VAP alleviated cerebral ischemic injury by reducing OGD/R-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in PC-12 cells in a time dependent manner. Mechanistically, VAP inhibited the levels of p-p65 and p-IkB-α in a time dependent manner, which was induced by OGD/R operation. Moreover, NF-κB agonist diprovocim overturned the suppression effects of VAP on OGD/R-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in PC-12 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that VAP may alleviate cerebral ischemic injury by suppressing the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yutao Li
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ru Ye
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Ge
- Physical Examination Center, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Zhang Q, Huang S, Liu X, Wang W, Zhu Z, Chen L. Innovations in Breaking Barriers: Liposomes as Near-Perfect Drug Carriers in Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3715-3735. [PMID: 38681090 PMCID: PMC11046314 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s462194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, noted for their tunable particle size, surface customization, and varied drug delivery capacities, are increasingly acknowledged in therapeutic applications. These vesicles exhibit surface flexibility, enabling the incorporation of targeting moieties or peptides to achieve specific targeting and avoid lysosomal entrapment. Internally, their adaptable architecture permits the inclusion of a broad spectrum of drugs, contingent on their solubility characteristics. This study thoroughly reviews liposome fabrication, surface modifications, and drug release mechanisms post-systemic administration, with a particular emphasis on drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to address lesions. Additionally, the review delves into recent developments in the use of liposomes in ischemic stroke models, offering a comparative evaluation with other nanocarriers like exosomes and nano-micelles, thereby facilitating their clinical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Kargiotis O, Psychogios K, Safouris A, Andrikopoulou A, Eleftheriou A, Spiliopoulos S, Magoufis G, Tsivgoulis G. Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Accurate Interpretation Matters. Stroke 2023; 54:e104-e108. [PMID: 36756889 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Kargiotis
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.)
| | - Klearchos Psychogios
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.)
| | - Apostolos Safouris
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.).,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece (A.S., A.E., G.T.)
| | - Athina Andrikopoulou
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.)
| | - Andreas Eleftheriou
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.).,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece (A.S., A.E., G.T.)
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- Second Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Unit, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (S.S.)
| | - Georgios Magoufis
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (O.K., K.P., A.S., A.A., A.E., G.M.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Greece (A.S., A.E., G.T.)
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4
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Quality Improvement in Neurocritical Care: a Review of the Current Landscape and Best Practices. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-022-00734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The field of neurocritical care (NCC) has grown such that there is now a substantial body of literature on quality improvement specific to NCC. This review will discuss the development of this literature over time and highlight current best practices with practical tips for providers.
Recent Findings
There is tremendous variability in patient care models for NCC patients, despite evidence showing that certain structural elements are associated with better outcomes. There now also exist evidence-based recommendations for neurocritical care unit (NCCU) structure and processes, as well as NCC-specific performance measure (PM) sets; however, awareness of these is variable among care providers. The evidence-based literature on NCC structure, staffing, training, standardized order sets and bundles, transitions of care including handoff, prevention of bounce backs, bed flow optimization, and inter-hospital transfers is growing and offers many examples of successful performance improvement initiatives in NCCUs.
Summary
NCC providers care for patients with life-threatening conditions like intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury, which are associated with high morbidity, complexity of treatment, and cost. Quality improvement initiatives have been successful in improving many aspects of NCC patient care, and NCC providers should continue to update and standardize their practices with consideration of this data. More research is needed to continue to identify high-risk and high-cost NCCU structures and processes and strategies to optimize them, validate current NCC PMs, and encourage clinical adoption of those that prove to be associated with improved outcomes.
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Choi HY, Cho Y, Kim W, Minn YK, Kang GH, Jang YS, Lee Y, Kim JG, Kim J, Cho Y, Shin H, Moon S, Ahn C, Lee J, Shin DG, Park JK. Analysis of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke Treated Using Thrombolytic Therapy: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in South Korea. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081260. [PMID: 36013209 PMCID: PMC9410217 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on the cumulative mortality of patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke. This population-based retrospective cohort study used claims data from the National Health Insurance Service customized database of South Korea. The recruitment period was 2005−2018. The study population included patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke who had received intravenous thrombolysis. The primary endpoint was 12-month cumulative mortality, which was analyzed in both the ICH and no-ICH groups. Of the 50,550 patients included, 2567 (5.1%) and 47,983 (94.9%) belonged to the ICH and no-ICH groups, respectively. In the univariable analysis for 12-month mortality, ICH patients were substantially more prevalent among dead patients than among patients who survived (11.6% versus 3.6%; p < 0.001). The overall 12-month cumulative mortality rate was 18.8%. Mortality in the ICH group was higher than that in the no-ICH group (42.8% versus 17.5%; p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the risk of 12-month cumulative mortality was 2.97 times higher in the ICH group than in the no-ICH group (95% confidence interval, 2.79−3.16). The risk of 12-month cumulative mortality in hyperacute ischemic stroke can increase approximately threefold after the occurrence of spontaneous ICH following intravenous thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yongil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Wonhee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-829-5119
| | - Yang-Ki Minn
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea;
| | - Gu-Hyun Kang
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yong-Soo Jang
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yoonje Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Jae-Guk Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Hallym Biomedical Informatics Convergence Research Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea;
| | - Youngsuk Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Korea;
| | - Hyungoo Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Shinje Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (S.M.); (D.-G.S.); (J.-K.P.)
| | - Chiwon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Juncheol Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dong-Geum Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (S.M.); (D.-G.S.); (J.-K.P.)
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (S.M.); (D.-G.S.); (J.-K.P.)
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Bergh E, Jahr SH, Rønning OM, Askim T, Thommessen B, Kristoffersen ES. Reasons and predictors of non-thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within 4.5 h. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:61-69. [PMID: 35445395 PMCID: PMC9323435 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Thrombolytic treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) reduces stroke‐related disability. Nearly 40% of all patients with AIS (<4.5 h) receive thrombolysis, but there is a large variation in the use between hospitals. Little is known about reasons and predictors for not giving thrombolytic treatment. Therefore, we aimed to investigate reasons for non‐thrombolysis in patients admitted within 4.5 h. Methods All patients with AIS (<4.5 h) admitted to Akershus University Hospital, Norway, between January 2015 and December 2017 were examined. Patient characteristics and reasons for not giving thrombolysis were registered. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Of 535 patients admitted with AIS (<4.5 h), 250 (47%) did not receive thrombolysis and of these only 26% had an absolute contraindication to treatment. Among the 74% with relative contraindications, the most common reasons given were mild and improving symptoms. Previous stroke (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.99–5.52), arriving between 3 h and 4.5 h after onset (OR 7.76, 95%CI 3.73–16.11) or having mild symptoms (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.56–3.49) were all significant predictors of not receiving thrombolytic treatment in the multivariable logistic regression model. Conclusion A large proportion of patients with AIS do not receive thrombolysis. This study highlights up‐to‐date findings that arriving late in the time window, mild symptoms, and previous stroke are strong predictors of non‐treatment. It is uncertain whether there is an underuse of thrombolysis in AIS. Increasing the utility of thrombolysis in the 4.5 h time window must be weighed against possible harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Bergh
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Silje Holt Jahr
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Nordbyhagen Norway
| | - Ole Morten Rønning
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Nordbyhagen Norway
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Bente Thommessen
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Department of General Practice University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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7
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Ferrone SR, Boltyenkov AT, Lodato Z, O'Hara J, Vialet J, Malhotra A, Katz JM, Wang JJ, Feizullayeva C, Sanelli PC. Clinical Outcomes and Costs of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106438. [PMID: 35397253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent stroke patients suffer significant morbidity and mortality, representing almost 30% of the stroke population. Our objective was to determine the clinical outcomes and costs of recurrent ischemic stroke (recurrent-IS). METHODS Our study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020192709). Following PRISMA guidelines, our medical librarian conducted a search in EMBASE, PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and CINAHL (last performed on August 25, 2020). INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) Studies reporting clinical outcomes and/or costs of recurrent-IS; (2) Original research published in English in year 2010 or later; (3) Study participants aged ≥18 years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) Case reports/studies, abstracts/posters, Editorial letters/reviews; (2) Studies analyzing interventions other than intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Four independent reviewers selected studies with review of titles/abstracts and full-text, and performed data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved by a senior independent arbitrator. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Initial search yielded 20,428 studies. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9 studies were selected, consisting of 24,499 recurrent-IS patients. In 5 studies, recurrent-IS ranged from 4.4-56.8% of the ischemic stroke cohorts at 3 or 12 months, or undefined follow-up. Mean age was 60-80 years and female proportions were 38.5-61.1%. Clinical outcomes included mortality 11.6-25.9% for in-hospital, 30-days, or 4-years (3 studies). In one study from the U.S., mean in-hospital costs were $17,121(SD-$53,693) and 1-year disability costs were $34,639(SD-$76,586) per patient. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the paucity of data on clinical outcomes and costs of recurrent-IS and identifies gaps in existing literature to direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Ferrone
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Artem T Boltyenkov
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., 40 Liberty Blvd, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Joseph O'Hara
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jaclyn Vialet
- Clinical Medical Library, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Katz
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jason J Wang
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Chinara Feizullayeva
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Pina C Sanelli
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to summarize available evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) using recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with specific comorbidities and potential contraindications to systemic reperfusion therapy. Recent advances in IVT implementation in wake-up stroke and in extended time window using advanced neuroimaging will also be highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS Despite theoretical concerns of a higher bleeding risk with IVT, there are no data showing increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) in patients with stroke mimics, including seizures, increasing age and dual antiplatelet pretreatment. In addition, recent randomized evidence allows us to expand the time window of IVT for AIS using advanced neuroimaging both in wake-up stroke patients and in patients presenting within 4.5-9 h from symptom onset fulfilling certain neuroimaging criteria (based on DWI/FLAIR mismatch or perfusion mismatch). SUMMARY IVT is a highly effective systemic reperfusion therapy that counts 25 years of everyday clinical experience but still presents several challenges in its application. Appropriate patient selection and adherence to rt-PA protocol is paramount in terms of safety. The effort to simplify the indications, expand the therapeutic time window and eliminate specific initial contraindications is continuously evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klearchos Psychogios
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique F Kilkenny
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (M.F.K.).,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (M.F.K.)
| | - Dawn M Bravata
- Precision Monitoring to Transform Care Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, Health Services Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Indianapolis, IN (D.M.B.).,Health Services Research and Development Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Indianapolis, IN (D.M.B.).,Medicine Service, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (D.M.B.).,Departments of Medicine and of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (D.M.B.).,William M. Tierney Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN (D.M.B.)
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10
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Tsivgoulis G, Kargiotis O, De Marchis G, Kohrmann M, Sandset EC, Karapanayiotides T, de Sousa DA, Sarraj A, Safouris A, Psychogios K, Vadikolias K, Leys D, Schellinger PD, Alexandrov AV. Off-label use of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: a critical appraisal of randomized and real-world evidence. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:1756286421997368. [PMID: 33737956 PMCID: PMC7934037 DOI: 10.1177/1756286421997368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) represents the only systemic reperfusion therapy able to reverse neurological deficit in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Despite its effectiveness in patients with or without large vessel occlusion, it can be offered only to a minority of them, because of the short therapeutic window and additional contraindications derived from stringent but arbitrary inclusion and exclusion criteria used in landmark randomized controlled clinical trials. Many absolute or relative contraindications lead to disparities between the official drug label and guidelines or expert recommendations. Based on recent advances in neuroimaging and evidence from cohort studies, off-label use of IVT is increasingly incorporated into the daily practice of many stroke centers. They relate to extension of therapeutic time windows, and expansion of indications in co-existing conditions originally listed in exclusion criteria, such as use of alternative thrombolytic agents, pre-treatment with antiplatelets, anticoagulants or low molecular weight heparins. In this narrative review, we summarize recent randomized and real-world data on the safety and efficacy of off-label use of IVT for AIS. We also make some practical recommendations to stroke physicians regarding the off-label use of thrombolytic agents in complex and uncommon presentations of AIS or other conditions mimicking acute cerebral ischemia. Finally, we provide guidance on the risks and benefits of IVT in numerous AIS subgroups, where equipoise exists and guidelines and treatment practices vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Iras 39, Gerakas Attikis, Athens 15344, Greece
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Gianmarco De Marchis
- Neurology and Stroke Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kohrmann
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolos Safouris
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistiran University of Athens, School of Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Didier Leys
- Department of Neurology (Stroke Unit), Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, INSERM (U-1172), Lille, France
| | - Peter D. Schellinger
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, UK RUB Minden, Germany
| | - Andrei V. Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Shi Y, Chen X, Liu J, Fan X, Jin Y, Gu J, Liang J, Liang X, Wang C. Isoquercetin Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats Following Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:555543. [PMID: 33633530 PMCID: PMC7900503 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.555543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response contributes to brain injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Our previous literature has shown isoquercetin plays an important role in protecting against cerebral I/R injury. The present study was conducted to further investigate the effect of isoquercetin on inflammation-induced neuronal injury in I/R rats with the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibitor of NF-κB (I-κB)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). In vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) neuron model were used. MCAO/R induced neurological deficits, cell apoptosis, and release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in ischemic brain in rats. Simultaneously, the expression of TLR4 and C5aR1 was significantly up-regulated in both MCAO/R rats and OGD/R neurons, accompanied with the inhibition of cAMP/PKA signaling and activation of I-κB/NF-κB signaling in the cortex of MCAO/R rats. Over-expression of C5aR1 in neurons induced decrease of cell viability, exerting similar effects with OGD/R injury. Isoquercetin acted as a neuroprotective agent against I/R brain injury to suppress inflammatory response and improve cell recovery by inhibiting TLR4 and C5aR1 expression, promoting cAMP/PKA activation, and inhibiting I-κB/NF-κB activation and Caspase 3 expression. TLR4 and C5aR1 contributed to inflammation and apoptosis via activating cAMP/PKA/I-κB/NF-κB signaling during cerebral I/R, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be a potent therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. Isoquercetin was identified as a neuroprotective agent, which maybe a promising therapeutic agent used for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingxiao Gu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Koutroulou I, Tsivgoulis G, Rafailidis V, Psoma E, Kouskouras K, Fotiadis P, Grigoriadis N, Karapanayiotides T. Off-label intravenous thrombolysis for early recurrent brain embolism associated with aortic arch thrombus. Neurol Res Pract 2021; 3:4. [PMID: 33499927 PMCID: PMC7811222 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety data of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in presence of aortic arch thrombus is scant. Furthermore, IVT is debatable in patients with prior recent stroke. We present a 51-year-old woman with recurrent major infarction 5 days after a minor left MCA territory stroke. She had a floating aortic arch thrombus and she was treated safely and effectively with off-label IVT. Patients with small infarct volumes and mild/no residual neurological deficits after an initial stroke might be considered for IVT in case of early recurrence. IVT may be reasonable in a context of acute severely disabling stroke associated with aortic arch thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Koutroulou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vasileios Rafailidis
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elissavet Psoma
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kouskouras
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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13
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Patel P, Yavagal D, Khandelwal P. Hyperacute Management of Ischemic Strokes: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1844-1856. [PMID: 32299596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability and among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator has been a cornerstone for treatment of acute ischemic stroke for more than 20 years; however, its use is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window, several contraindications, and low efficacy to recanalize the artery in large vessel occlusion. Recently, the addition of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy of large artery occlusion has revolutionized the stroke treatment for most disabling strokes. The paper reviews updates to the thrombolytic treatment as well as catheter-based treatment, and results from recent trials in the selection of patients in an extended time window using perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratit Patel
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dileep Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Jackson Memorial & University of Miami Hospitals, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Priyank Khandelwal
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
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