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Katoh K. Effects of Mechanical Stress on Endothelial Cells In Situ and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16518. [PMID: 38003708 PMCID: PMC10671803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and mediate several pathological and physiological processes. Mechanical stresses generated by blood flow and other biomechanical factors significantly affect endothelial cell activity. Here, we review how mechanical stresses, both in situ and in vitro, affect endothelial cells. We review the basic principles underlying the cellular response to mechanical stresses. We also consider the implications of these findings for understanding the mechanisms of mechanotransducer and mechano-signal transduction systems by cytoskeletal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba 305-8521, Japan
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2
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Li Z, Cong X, Kong W. Matricellular proteins: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic factors in aortic aneurysms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 169:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yan H, Hu Y, Akk A, Wickline SA, Pan H, Pham CTN. Peptide-siRNA nanoparticles targeting NF-κB p50 mitigate experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm progression and rupture. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213009. [PMID: 35891603 PMCID: PMC9378586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive vascular condition associated with high risk of mortality if left untreated. AAA is an inflammatory process with excessive local production of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, leading to dilatation and rupture of the abdominal aorta. We posit that targeting NF-κB, a signaling pathway that controls inflammation, will halt AAA progression and prevent rupture. In an elastase-induced AAA model we observed that NF-κB activation increased progressively post-elastase perfusion. Unexpectedly, we found that AAA progression was marked by predominant nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB p50 subunit at the exclusion of p65. Using the amphipathic peptide p5RHH to form nanocomplexes with siRNA, we sought to mitigate AAA progression by knocking down the expression of different NF-κB subunits. We found that the administration of NF-κB p65 siRNA was only beneficial when given early (day 3 post-elastase perfusion) while p50 siRNA was still effective in mitigating elastase-induced AAA even when delivery was delayed until day 5. Additionally, systemic delivery of p50 siRNA, but not p65 siRNA decreased the risk of aortic rupture and sudden death in the transforming growth factor-beta blockade model of AAA. In both murine models, knockdown of NF-κB was accompanied by a significant decrease in leukocyte infiltrates, inflammatory cytokine release, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and cell apoptosis. These results suggest that the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits contribute differentially at different stages of disease and the timing of in vivo siRNA delivery was of critical importance. The results also provide a rationale for selective targeting of p50 for more specific therapeutic intervention in the medical treatment of small AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- The John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; The Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- The John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; The Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Antonina Akk
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Hua Pan
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Christine T N Pham
- The John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; The Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America.
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D'Oria M, Di Girolamo FG, Calvagna C, Gorgatti F, Altamura N, Lepidi S, Biolo G, Fiotti N. Remodeling of abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Sac following EndoVascular Aortic Repair: Association with Clinical, Surgical, and Genetic factors. Cardiovasc Pathol 2021; 58:107405. [PMID: 34968687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2021.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After successful EndoVascular Aortic Repair (EVAR), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) sac will undergo negative remodeling (i.e. shrinkage) as a measure of successful exclusion. Determinants of shrinkage after EVAR are not fully known. In 84 post-EVAR patients, time course of AAA diameter after repair and occurrence of endoleaks (ELs) have been correlated with clinical history, medications, anthropometric data, vascular anatomy, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) genetic variants (namely MMP-1 rs1799750, MMP-3 rs35068180, MMP-9 rs2234681, rs917576, rs917577, MMP-12 rs652438, and TIMP1 rs4898). During follow-up, 41 ELs were detected in 37 patients (44%, 10.4 events/100 pt./y), accounting for AAA dilation or reduced shrinkage (P<0.001). High-flow ELs (type 1 and/or 3) occurrence was associated with warfarin use, MMP9 rs17577 polymorphism, and unfavorable anatomy, while low-flow type 2 ELs occurred more often in TIMP1 rs4898 non-T carriers. In EL-free patients, AAA diameter decreased for the first three years, (-4, -3 and - 2 mm/year respectively) and remained stable thereafter. Shrinkage between two measurements (n= 120) was associated with smaller AAA diameter at the baseline, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), patients' older age at intervention, and G-/G- genotype in MMP1 rs1799750 (binary logistic regression, P=0.0001). Aneurysmal sac shrinking occurs for few years after EVAR, only in patients without EL, and is related to older age, PAD, smaller aneurysm size and putative lower MMP1 expression while EL occurrence prevents such a remodeling and is mainly related to local-acting factors like unfavorable anatomy, anticoagulation, and MMP9 and TIMP1 genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D'Oria
- Unit of Chirurgia Vascolare, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Unit of Clinica Medica. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences of the University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Cristiano Calvagna
- Unit of Chirurgia Vascolare, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Filippo Gorgatti
- Unit of Chirurgia Vascolare, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Nicola Altamura
- Unit of Clinica Medica. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences of the University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Sandro Lepidi
- Unit of Chirurgia Vascolare, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Unit of Clinica Medica. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences of the University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Unit of Clinica Medica. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences of the University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Cattinara TRIESTE, ITALY.
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Bi Y, Guo J, Yi M, Gao Y, Ren J, Han X. Degeneration and Regeneration of Smooth Muscle Cells in Two Different Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Models in Rabbits. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 79:290-297. [PMID: 34648852 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the formation and self-healing process of rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by focus on the degeneration and regeneration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in elastase-induced AAA model and enlarging AAA model in rabbits. METHODS Sixty rabbits were equally divided into 2 aneurysm groups (Group A and Group B). Rabbits received a 10-min incubation of elastase in Group A (10 units/µL) and Group B (1 unit/µL). Rabbits underwent aortic stenosis above the incubated segment in Group B. Aortic diameter was measured and rabbits were sacrificed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The incubated aorta dilated immediately and ran up to maxima by day 21 in Group A. All aneurysms formed by day 21 and enlarged progressively in Group B. SMCs content, elastin content and intima-media thickness decreased significantly by day 0 in Group A. SMCs and elastic fibers were destroyed gradually in Group B, however, SMCs content was significantly lower than Group A by day 70. Intimal thickness increased significantly by day 70 in the Aneurysm groups. MMP2 maintained moderate expression in Group A, which decreased significantly by day 3 in Group B. MMP9 and RAM11 expressions were higher by day 1, but decreased significantly by day 3 in Group B. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible degeneration of SMCs is critical to a rapid formation of elastase-induced rabbit AAA model, and SMCs excessive regeneration accounts for the selfhealing process. SMCs degradation and regeneration remain relatively stable in an enlarging AAA model. SMCs should be the key target for studying the mechanism of AAA and intervention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Bi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Yi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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6
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Allosteric activation of PP2A inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2085-2097. [PMID: 34402501 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although extremely important, the molecular mechanisms that govern aortic aneurysm (AA) formation and progression are still poorly understood. This deficit represents a critical roadblock toward the development of effective pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of AA. While dysregulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is thought to play a role in cardiovascular disease, its role in aortic aneurysm is unknown. The objective of the present study is to test the hypothesis that PP2A regulates abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression in a murine model. In an angiotensin II-induced AAA murine model, the PP2A inhibitor, LB-100, markedly accelerated AAA progression as demonstrated by increased abdominal aortic dilation and mortality. AAA progression was associated with elevated inflammation and extracellular matrix fragmentation, concomitant with increases in both metalloproteinase activity and reactive oxygen species production. Conversely, administration of a novel class of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) resulted in an antithetical effect. SMAPs effectively reduced AAA incidence along with the corresponding pathologies that were increased with LB-100 treatment. Mechanistically, modulation of PP2A activities in vivo functioned in part via alteration of the ERK1/2 and NFκB signaling pathways, known regulators of AAA progression. These studies, for the first time, demonstrate a role of PP2A in AAA etiology and demonstrate that PP2A activation may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Atkin SL, Bezsonov EE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Decoys in Non-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8090103. [PMID: 34564121 PMCID: PMC8467637 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of global death, highlighting the fact that conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CVD patients are insufficient, and there is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, decoy technology, decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and decoy peptides show promising results for the future treatment of CVDs. Decoy ODN inhibits transcription by binding to the transcriptional factor, while decoy peptide neutralizes receptors by binding to the ligands. This review focused on studies that have investigated the effects of decoy ODN and decoy peptides on non-atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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Olson SL, Wijesinha MA, Panthofer AM, Blackwelder WC, Upchurch GR, Terrin ML, Curci JA, Baxter BT, Matsumura JS. Evaluating Growth Patterns of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Diameter With Serial Computed Tomography Surveillance. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:363-370. [PMID: 33595625 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.7190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Importance Small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are common in the elderly population. Their growth rates and patterns, which drive clinical surveillance, are widely disputed. Objective To assess the growth patterns and rates of AAAs as documented on serial computed tomography (CT) scans. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study and secondary analysis of the Non-Invasive Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Trial (N-TA3CT), a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted from 2013 to 2018, with CT imaging every 6 months for 2 years. The trial was a multicenter, observational secondary analysis, not related to treatment hypotheses of data collected in the N-TA3CT. Participants included 254 patients with baseline AAA diameter between 3.5 and 5.0 cm. Exposures Patients received serial CT scan measurements, analyzed for maximum transverse diameter, at 6-month intervals. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was AAA annual growth rate. Secondary analyses included characterizing AAA growth patterns, assessing likelihood of AAA diameter to exceed sex-specific intervention thresholds over 2 years. Results A total of 254 patients, 35 women with baseline AAA diameter 3.5 to 4.5 cm and 219 men with baseline diameter 3.5 to 5.0 cm, were included. Yearly growth rates of AAA diameters were a median of 0.17 cm/y (interquartile range [IQR], 0.16) and a mean (SD), 0.19 (0.14) cm/y. Ten percent of AAAs displayed minimal to no growth (<0.05 cm/y), 62% displayed low growth (0.05-0.25 cm/y), and 28% displayed high growth (>0.25 cm/y). Baseline AAA diameter accounted for 5.4% of variance of growth rate (P < .001; R2, 0.054). Most AAAs displayed linear growth (70%); large variations in interval growth rates occurred infrequently (3% staccato growth and 4% exponential growth); and some patients' growth patterns were not clearly classifiable (23% indeterminate). No patients with a maximum transverse diameter less than 4.25 cm exceeded sex-specific repair thresholds at 2 years (men, 0 of 92; 95% CI, 0.00-0.055; women, 0 of 25 ; 95% CI, 0.00-0.247). Twenty-six percent of patients with a maximum transverse diameter of at least 4.25 cm exceeded sex-specific repair thresholds at 2 years (n = 12 of 83 men with diameter ranging from 4.25 to <4.75 cm; 95% CI, 0.091-0.264; n = 21 of 44 men with diameter ranging from 4.75-5.0 cm; 95% CI, 0.362-0.669; n = 3 of 10 women with diameter ≥4.25 cm; 95% CI, 0.093-0.726). Conclusions and Relevance Most small AAAs showed linear growth; large intrapatient variations in interval growth rates were infrequently observed over 2 years. Linear growth modeling of AAAs in individual patients suggests smaller AAAs (<4.25 cm) can be followed up with a CT scan in at least 2 years with little chance of exceeding interventional thresholds. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01756833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Marniker A Wijesinha
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Annalise M Panthofer
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - William C Blackwelder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | - Michael L Terrin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - John A Curci
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - B Timothy Baxter
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha
| | - Jon S Matsumura
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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Que Y, Shu X, Wang L, Wang S, Li S, Hu P, Tong X. Inactivation of SERCA2 Cys 674 accelerates aortic aneurysms by suppressing PPARγ. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2305-2323. [PMID: 33591571 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inactivation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) causes intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, which activates calcineurin-mediated nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT)/NF-κB pathways, and results in the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to accelerate angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to mimic partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The aortas of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type mice were collected for RNA sequencing, cell culture, protein expression, luciferase activity and aortic aneurysm analysis. KEY RESULTS Inactivation of C674 inhibited the promoter activity and protein expression of PPARγ, which could be reversed by inhibitors of calcineurin or NF-κB. In SKI SMCs, inhibition of NF-κB by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid (PDTC) or overexpression of PPARγ2 reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-κB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers, and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs. Furthermore, pioglitazone also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of aortic aneurysms by disrupting the balance between PPARγ and NFAT/NF-κB. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in regulating PPARγ to maintain aortic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Langtao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Kurashiki T, Miyake T, Nakagami H, Nishimura M, Morishita R. Prevention of Progression of Aortic Aneurysm by Peptide Vaccine Against Ang II (Angiotensin II) in a Rat Model. Hypertension 2020; 76:1879-1888. [PMID: 33040618 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is no proven medical therapy to inhibit the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the clinical setting. To develop a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AAA, we focused on vaccination targeting Ang II (angiotensin II) and assessed the effect of an Ang II peptide vaccine on the progression of AAA using a rat model. Ang II peptide was conjugated with KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) carrier protein to induce a sufficient immune response. Male rats were subcutaneously immunized with Ang II-KLH with an adjuvant on days 0, 14, and 28. Aortic dilatation was induced by intraluminal incubation with elastase on day 35. Treatment with Ang II vaccine successfully induced the production of a high titer of anti-Ang II antibodies. Immunization with Ang II vaccine resulted in a significant reduction in expansion of the aortic diameter compared with control rats, without a blood pressure-lowering effect. Four weeks after operation, the increase in Ang II in the aneurysm wall was significantly inhibited by treatment with Ang II vaccine. Inhibition of Ang II action led to suppression of the inflammatory response in the AAA wall through attenuation of the NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) and c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling cascades. Treatment with Ang II vaccine inhibited accumulation of macrophages in the AAA wall. In addition, expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and activation of MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by treatment with Ang II vaccine, resulting in protection against the destruction of elastic fibers. This vaccine therapy could become a potent therapeutic option to treat patients with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kurashiki
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (T.K., T.M., R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Japan (T.K., M.N.)
| | - Takashi Miyake
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (T.K., T.M., R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine (H.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Motonobu Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Japan (T.K., M.N.)
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (T.K., T.M., R.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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11
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Li Z, Kong W. Cellular signaling in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109575. [PMID: 32088371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are highly lethal cardiovascular diseases without effective medications. However, the molecular and signaling mechanisms remain unclear. A series of pathological cellular processes have been shown to contribute to AAA formation, including vascular extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells. Each cellular process involves complex cellular signaling, such as NF-κB, MAPK, TGFβ, Notch and inflammasome signaling. In this review, we discuss how cellular signaling networks function in various cellular processes during the pathogenesis and progression of AAA. Understanding the interaction of cellular signaling networks with AAA pathogenesis as well as the crosstalk of different signaling pathways is essential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to and personalized treatments of AAA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Wu QY, Cheng Z, Zhou YZ, Zhao Y, Li JM, Zhou XM, Peng HL, Zhang GS, Liao XB, Fu XM. A novel STAT3 inhibitor attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in mice through modulating vascular inflammation and autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:131. [PMID: 32071300 PMCID: PMC7028955 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal Aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with chronic inflammation, cells apoptosis, and impairment of autophagy. BP-1-102, a novel potent STAT3 inhibitor, has been recently reported to significantly block inflammation-related signaling pathways of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB, as well as regulate autophagy. However, its role in vascular inflammation and AAA progression remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect and potential mechanisms of BP-1-102 on angiotensin II (AngII) induced AAA in ApoE−/− mice were investigated. AAA was induced in ApoE−/− mice with infusion of AngII for 28 days. BP-1-102 was administrated orally to mice every other day. Mice were sacrificed on day 7, day 14, and day 28 to evaluate the treatment effects. BP-1-102 markedly decreased AAA incidence and aortic diameter, maintained elastin structure and volume, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs, and inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration. Moreover, BP-1-102 dramatically reduced the expression of JAK2, p-STAT3, p-NF-κB, and Bcl-xL but maintained the expression of LC3B and Beclin in AAA tissues. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with AngII and/or BP-1-102 at indicated time and concentration. BP-1-102 inhibited AngII-induced JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling activation and maintained autophagy-related proteins expression in VSMCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that BP-1-102 inhibits vascular inflammation and AAA progression through decreasing JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB activation and maintaining autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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13
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Inactivation of cysteine 674 in the SERCA2 accelerates experimental aortic aneurysm. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:213-224. [PMID: 32035136 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is vital to maintain intracellular calcium homeostasis. SERCA2 cysteine 674 (C674) is highly conservative and its irreversible oxidation is upregulated in human and mouse aortic aneurysms, especially in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The contribution of SERCA2 and its redox C674 in the development of aortic aneurysm remains enigmatic. Objective: Our goal was to investigate the contribution of inactivation of C674 to the development of aortic aneurysm and the mechanisms involved. Approach and results: Using SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mouse line, in which half of C674 was substituted by serine 674 (S674) to represent partial irreversible oxidation of C674 in aortic aneurysm, we found that in aortic SMCs the replacement of C674 by S674 resulted in SMC phenotypic modulation. In SKI SMCs, the increased intracellular calcium activated calcium-dependent calcineurin, which promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), while inhibition of calcineurin blocked SMC phenotypic modulation. Besides, the replacement of C674 by S674 accelerated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the inactivation of C674 by causing the accumulation of intracellular calcium to activate calcineurin-mediated NFAT/NFκB pathways, resulted in SMC phenotypic modulation to accelerate aortic aneurysm, which highlights the importance of C674 redox state in the development of aortic aneurysms.
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14
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Zhang L, Wu JH, Huang TQ, Nepliouev I, Brian L, Zhang Z, Wertman V, Rudemiller NP, McMahon TJ, Shenoy SK, Miller FJ, Crowley SD, Freedman NJ, Stiber JA. Drebrin regulates angiotensin II-induced aortic remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1806-1815. [PMID: 29931051 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The actin-binding protein Drebrin is up-regulated in response to arterial injury and reduces smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation through its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that SMC Drebrin inhibits angiotensin II-induced remodelling of the proximal aorta. Methods and results Angiotensin II was administered via osmotic minipumps at 1000 ng/kg/min continuously for 28 days in SM22-Cre+/Dbnflox/flox (SMC-Dbn-/-) and control mice. Blood pressure responses to angiotensin II were assessed by telemetry. After angiotensin II infusion, we assessed remodelling in the proximal ascending aorta by echocardiography and planimetry of histological cross sections. Although the degree of hypertension was equivalent in SMC-Dbn-/- and control mice, SMC-Dbn-/- mice nonetheless exhibited 60% more proximal aortic medial thickening and two-fold more outward aortic remodelling than control mice in response to angiotensin II. Proximal aortas demonstrated greater cellular proliferation and matrix deposition in SMC-Dbn-/- mice than in control mice, as evidenced by a higher prevalence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei and higher levels of collagen I. Compared with control mouse aortas, SMC-Dbn-/- aortas demonstrated greater angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase activation and inflammation, evidenced by higher levels of Ser-536-phosphorylated NFκB p65 subunits and higher levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and adventitial macrophages. Conclusions We conclude that SMC Drebrin deficiency augments angiotensin II-induced inflammation and adverse aortic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiao-Hui Wu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tai-Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor Nepliouev
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leigh Brian
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhushan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Wertman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neil J Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Yao F, Yao Z, Zhong T, Zhang J, Wang T, Zhang B, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Imatinib prevents elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm progression by regulating macrophage-derived MMP9. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172559. [PMID: 31325435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized with progressive weakening and considerable dilation of the aortic wall. Despite the high risk of mortality in the elderly population, there are still no clinical pharmacological therapies to alleviate AAA progression. Macrophage-derived MMP9 acts as a key factor in extracellular matrix degradation and is crucial for aortic aneurysm development and aortic rupture. Here, we demonstrated that the transcription level of MMP9 was suppressed with a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages after Imatinib treatment, which was accompanied by the down-regulation of MMP9 protein expression and reduced MMP9 secretion in vitro. Imatinib administration (50 mg/kg/d, i.g.) was carried out one week after the establishment of elastase-induced AAA in rats, stabilizing aneurysm progression and improving survival rate via decreasing the aortic diameter and preventing elastin degradation. Expression and activity of MMP9 in the artery tissues were significantly suppressed after Imatinib treatment via in situ assessment like immunohistochemistry and zymography, although macrophage infiltration was not affected. Furthermore, we found that Imatinib inhibited MMP9 transcription through reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation and translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm. These observations indicated that Imatinib prevents aneurysm progression by inhibiting STAT3-mediated MMP9 expression and activation, suggesting a new application of Imatinib on AAA clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Yao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhangting Yao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Zhong
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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16
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Miyake T, Miyake T, Kurashiki T, Morishita R. Molecular Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Vasc Dis 2019; 12:137-146. [PMID: 31275464 PMCID: PMC6600097 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.18-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is considered to be a potent life-threatening disorder in elderly individuals. Although many patients with a small AAA are detected during routine abdominal screening, there is no effective therapeutic option to prevent the progression or regression of AAA in the clinical setting. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of several important molecules, including microRNA and transcription factor, in the process of AAA formation. Regulation of these factors using nucleic acid drugs is expected to be a novel therapeutic option for AAA. Nucleic acid drugs can bind to target factors, mRNA, microRNA, and transcription factors in a sequence-specific fashion, resulting in a loss of function of the target molecule at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Of note, inhibition of a transcription factor using a decoy strategy effectively suppresses experimental AAA formation, by regulating the expression of several genes associated with the disease progression. This review focuses on recent advances in molecular therapy of using nucleic acid drugs to treat AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyake
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Miyake
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurashiki
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Chen H, Bi Y, Ju S, Gu L, Zhu X, Han X. Hemodynamics and pathology of an enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205366. [PMID: 30312321 PMCID: PMC6185729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamics may play an essential role in the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We aimed to study the mechanism of self-healing process by the changes of hemodynamics and pathology in an enlarging AAA in rabbits. Seventy-two rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Rabbits underwent extrinsic coarctation and received a 10-minute elastase incubation in Group A and Group B. Absorbable suture used in Group A was terminated by balloon dilation at week 4. Diameter was measured after 1, 3, 5, and 15 weeks, computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed at week 3 and week 15. Rabbits were sacrificed after 1, 5, and 15 weeks for pathological and quantitative studies. The higher velocity magnitude, intensified bulk flow and obvious vortex formation were observed in Group A at week 3 instead of week 15. Both low wall shear stress and high relative residence time increased in Group B, however, high oscillatory shear index had relatively less increase compared with Group A. Aortic diameter reached a plateau at 5 weeks in Group A, which was significantly lower than in week 15 in Group B. Intimal hyperplasia, intima-media thickness increased significantly in Group A at week 5, significantly higher than in week 15 in Group B. Marked destruction of elastin fibers and smooth muscle cells occurred at week 1, and increased significantly at week 15 in Group A. Aneurysm exhibited strong expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and mouse anti-rabbit macrophage 11 at week 1, and showed a tendency to decrease. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression decreased significantly in Group B at week 15 compared with week 5 and Group A. In conclusion, the self-healing of rabbit AAA may attributed to the regeneration of smooth muscle cells. The turbulence flow caused by coarctation is associated with continuous growth of rabbit AAA and prevents the self-healing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Bi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyeong Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Linxia Gu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZXY); (HXW)
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZXY); (HXW)
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18
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Bi Y, Chen H, Li Y, Yu Z, Han X, Ren J. Rabbit aortic aneurysm model with enlarging diameter capable of better mimicking human aortic aneurysm disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198818. [PMID: 29889909 PMCID: PMC5995353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-healing phenomenon can be found in the elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) model, and an enlarging AAA model was successfully induced by coarctation. Unfortunately, aortic coarctation in these enlarging models is generally not found in human AAA disease. This study aimed to create an experiment model of enlarging AAA in rabbits to better mimic human aortic aneurysm disease. Eighty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups: two aneurysm groups (A and B) and a SHAM group. Aneurysm group rabbits underwent extrinsic aortic stenosis below the right renal artery and received a 10-minute incubation of 60 μl elastase (1 unit/μl). Absorbable suture was used in Group A and nonabsorbable cotton thread was used in Group B. A sham operation was performed in the SHAM group. Aortic diameter was measured after 1, 3, 7, and 15 weeks; thereafter animals were sacrificed for histopathological, immunohistochemical and quantitative studies. Two rabbits died at 29 and 48 days, respectively, after operation in Group B. All aneurysms formed and enlarged progressively by 3 weeks in the Aneurysm groups. However, diameter enlargement in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B at 7 weeks. Aneurysm groups developed intimal hyperplasia; intima-media thickness (IMT) increased significantly by week 7, and aortic media thickness and intima-media ratio (IMR) increased significantly by week 15. Marked destruction of elastin fibers and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) occurred 1 week later and increased progressively thereafter. Intimal hyperplasia and SMCs content in Group A increased significantly by week 15 compared with Group B. Aneurysm groups exhibited strong expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and RAM11 by week 1, and decreased progressively thereafter. In conclusion, this novel rabbit AAA model enlarges progressively without coarctation and is capable of better mimicking human aortic aneurysm disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Bi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Histology&Embryology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University; Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yahua Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zepeng Yu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XWH); (JZR)
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XWH); (JZR)
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19
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Miyake T, Miyake T, Sakaguchi M, Nankai H, Nakazawa T, Morishita R. Prevention of Asthma Exacerbation in a Mouse Model by Simultaneous Inhibition of NF-κB and STAT6 Activation Using a Chimeric Decoy Strategy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:159-169. [PMID: 29499930 PMCID: PMC5751966 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation of inflammatory and immune mediators in asthma is tightly regulated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB and STAT6 using a chimeric decoy strategy to prevent asthma exacerbation. The effects of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides were evaluated using an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice received intratracheal administration of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides 3 days before ovalbumin challenge. Fluorescent-dye-labeled decoy oligodeoxynucleotides could be detected in lymphocytes and macrophages in the lung, and activation of NF-κB and STAT6 was inhibited by chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide transfer. Consequently, treatment with chimeric or NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides protected against methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas the effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides was significantly greater than that of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Treatment with chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides suppressed airway inflammation through inhibition of overexpression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 and inflammatory infiltrates. Histamine levels in the lung were reduced via suppression of mast cell accumulation. A significant reduction in mucin secretion was observed due to suppression of MUC5AC gene expression. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects on IL-5, IL-13, and histamine secretion were achieved by transfer of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides only. This novel therapeutic approach could be useful to treat patients with various types of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Miyake
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyake
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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20
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Miyake T, Miyake T, Shimizu H, Morishita R. Inhibition of Aneurysm Progression by Direct Renin Inhibition in a Rabbit Model. Hypertension 2017; 70:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyake
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Miyake
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- From the Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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21
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Rowbotham SE, Pinchbeck JL, Anderson G, Bourke B, Bourke M, Gasser TC, Jaeggi R, Jenkins JS, Moran CS, Morton SK, Reid CM, Velu R, Yip L, Moxon JV, Golledge J. Inositol in the MAnaGemENt of abdominal aortic aneurysm (IMAGEN): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:547. [PMID: 29145894 PMCID: PMC5692794 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta and is associated with a risk of fatal rupture. Experimental studies suggest that myo-inositol may exert beneficial effects on AAAs through favourable changes to biological pathways implicated in AAA pathology. The aim of the Inositol in the MAnaGemENt of abdominal aortic aneurysm (IMAGEN) trial is to assess if myo-inositol will reduce AAA growth. Methods/design IMAGEN is a multi-centre, prospective, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 164 participants with an AAA measuring ≥ 30 mm will be randomised to either 2 g of myo-inositol or identical placebo twice daily for 12 months. The primary outcome measure will be AAA growth estimated by increase in total infrarenal aortic volume measured on computed tomographic scans. Secondary outcome measures will include AAA diameter assessed by computed tomography and ultrasound, AAA peak wall stress and peak wall rupture index, serum lipids, circulating AAA biomarkers, circulating RNAs and health-related quality of life. All analysis will be based on the intention-to-treat principle at the time of randomisation. All patients who meet the eligibility criteria, provide written informed consent and are enrolled in the study will be included in the primary analysis, regardless of adherence to dietary allocation. Discussion Currently, there is no known medical therapy to limit AAA progression. The IMAGEN trial will be the first randomised trial, to our knowledge, to assess the value of myo-inositol in limiting AAA growth. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12615001209583. Registered on 6 November 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2304-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Rowbotham
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jenna L Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Georgina Anderson
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Bernie Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia
| | - Michael Bourke
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia
| | - T Christian Gasser
- Department of Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jason S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Susan K Morton
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ramesh Velu
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Lisan Yip
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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22
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The role of IL-6 in pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185923. [PMID: 28982132 PMCID: PMC5628902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unclear, evidence is accumulating to support a central role for inflammation. Inflammatory responses are coordinated by various soluble cytokines of which IL-6 is one of the major proinflammatory cytokines. In this study we examined the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of experimental AAA induced by a periaortic exposure to CaCl2 in mice. We now report that the administration of MR16-1, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific for the mouse IL-6 receptor, mildly suppressed the development of AAA. The inhibition of IL-6 signaling provoked by MR16-1 also resulted in a suppression of Stat3 activity. Conversely, no significant changes in either NFκB activity, Jnk activity or the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp) -2 and -9 were identified. Transcriptome analyses revealed that MR16-1-sensitive genes encode chemokines and their receptors, as well as factors that regulate vascular permeability and cell migration. Imaging cytometric analyses then consistently demonstrated reduced cellular infiltration for MR16-1-treated AAA. These results suggest that IL-6 plays an important but limited role in AAA pathogenesis, and primarily regulates cell migration and infiltration. These data would also suggest that IL-6 activity may play an important role in scenarios of continuous cellular infiltration, possibly including human AAA.
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23
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Transauricular intra-arterial and intravenous digital subtraction angiography for abdominal aortic aneurysm imaging in a rabbit model. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 18:24-27. [PMID: 28560032 PMCID: PMC5440755 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate transauricular digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as an alternative to conventional intra-arterial DSA for rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Materials and methods AAA models were created in 8 New Zealand white rabbits by sewing vein patch. The diameters of aortic arteries were measured by DSA via ear vein and ear central artery. The common carotid artery (CCA) was exposed and cannulated for DSA as conventional angiography. Diameter size was measured and compared. Results Aortic diameters, tested by DSA via ear vein, ear central artery and CCA were 7.9 ± 1.2 mm, 7.8 ± 1.0 mm and 7.9 ± 1.1 mm respectively, with no significant differences. Angiography via CCA as standard procedure, correlation in aneurysm neck diameter was r = 0.93 for IVDSA and r = 0.96 for angiography via central artery (P < 0.01); Correlation in AAA diameter was r = 0.99 for IVDSA and r = 0.99 for angiography via central artery (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Transauricular DSA shows good correlation to conventional DSA, can be used repeatedly with less invasiveness, and suitable for rabbit AAA follow-up study. Correlations of DSA via ear vein and ear central artery to conventional DSA were good. Transauricular DSA shows good correlation to conventional DSA. Transauricular DSA can be used repeatedly with less invasiveness, and suitable for rabbit AAA follow-up study.
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Effect of Low-Pressurized Perfusion with Different Concentration of Elastase on the Aneurysm Formation Rate in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model in Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6875731. [PMID: 27965979 PMCID: PMC5124638 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6875731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Establishing an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the key to study the pathogenesis and the pathophysiological features of AAAs. We investigated the effects of low-pressurized perfusion with different concentrations of elastase on aneurysm formation rate in the AAA model. Fifty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into A, B, C, D, and E groups. 10 μL of normal saline was perfused into the abdominal aorta in group A and 1 U/mL, 10 U/mL, 100 U/mL, or 200 U/mL of elastase was, respectively, perfused for the other four groups. All the animals were perfused for 7 min. Doppler ultrasound examinations of the abdominal aorta were performed before surgery and on day 14 after surgery. The rabbits were sacrificed and the perfused segment of the abdominal aorta was observed visually and after staining. The aneurysm formation rate of group A, group B, group C, group D, and group E was, respectively, 0%, 0%, 33.3%, 102.5–146.8%, and 241.5–255.2%. The survival rate of five groups was 90%, 90%, 90%, 90%, and 40%, respectively. So, we concluded that low-pressurized perfusion with 100 U/mL of elastase can effectively establish AAAs in rabbits with a high aneurysm formation rate.
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25
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Harada T, Yoshimura K, Yamashita O, Ueda K, Morikage N, Sawada Y, Hamano K. Focal Adhesion Kinase Promotes the Progression of Aortic Aneurysm by Modulating Macrophage Behavior. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:156-165. [PMID: 27856458 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease that is associated with persistent inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the macrophage-mediated progression of AAA remain largely unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and activity are enhanced in macrophages that are recruited to AAA tissue. FAK potentiates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes and chemokines by cultured macrophages. FAK also promotes macrophage chemotaxis. In mice, the administration of a FAK inhibitor that tempers local macrophage accumulation markedly suppresses the development and progression of chemically induced AAA. CONCLUSIONS FAK plays a key role in macrophage behavior, which underlies the chronic progression of AAA. These findings provide insights into AAA progression and identify FAK as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takasuke Harada
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.).
| | - Osamu Yamashita
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Koshiro Ueda
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
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26
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Zhang C, van der Voort D, Shi H, Zhang R, Qing Y, Hiraoka S, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Moxon JV, Norman P, Rittié L, Kuivaniemi H, Atkins GB, Gerson SL, Shi GP, Golledge J, Dong N, Perbal B, Prosdocimo DA, Lin Z. Matricellular protein CCN3 mitigates abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1282-99. [PMID: 26974158 DOI: 10.1172/jci82337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; however, the mechanisms that are involved in disease initiation and progression are incompletely understood. Extracellular matrix proteins play an integral role in modulating vascular homeostasis in health and disease. Here, we determined that the expression of the matricellular protein CCN3 is strongly reduced in rodent AAA models, including angiotensin II-induced AAA and elastase perfusion-stimulated AAA. CCN3 levels were also reduced in human AAA biopsies compared with those in controls. In murine models of induced AAA, germline deletion of Ccn3 resulted in severe phenotypes characterized by elastin fragmentation, vessel dilation, vascular inflammation, dissection, heightened ROS generation, and smooth muscle cell loss. Conversely, overexpression of CCN3 mitigated both elastase- and angiotensin II-induced AAA formation in mice. BM transplantation experiments suggested that the AAA phenotype of CCN3-deficient mice is intrinsic to the vasculature, as AAA was not exacerbated in WT animals that received CCN3-deficient BM and WT BM did not reduce AAA severity in CCN3-deficient mice. Genetic and pharmacological approaches implicated the ERK1/2 pathway as a critical regulator of CCN3-dependent AAA development. Together, these results demonstrate that CCN3 is a nodal regulator in AAA biology and identify CCN3 as a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease.
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27
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Pafili K, Gouni-Berthold I, Papanas N, Mikhailidis DP. Abdominal aortic aneurysms and diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1330-6. [PMID: 26440573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that risk profiles differ between coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, diabetes mellitus (DM) appears to be negatively associated with AAA formation. The underlying mechanisms for this negative relationship are far from defined, but may include: increased arterial wall matrix formation via advanced glycation end products; suppression of plasmin and reduction of levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and 9; diminished aortic wall macrophage infiltration, elastolysis and neovascularization. In addition, the effect of pharmacological agents used for the treatment of patients with DM on AAA formation has been studied with rather controversial results. Statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, fenofibrate, antibiotics and some hypoglycemic agents are beginning to be appreciated for a potential modest protection from AAAs, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Diabetes Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK
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28
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Ren J, Liu Z, Wang Q, Giles J, Greenberg J, Sheibani N, Kent KC, Liu B. Andrographolide Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Inhibiting Inflammatory Cell Infiltration through Downregulation of Cytokine and Integrin Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:137-47. [PMID: 26483397 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.227934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), characterized by exuberant inflammation and tissue deterioration, is a common aortic disease associated with a high mortality rate. There is currently no established pharmacological therapy to treat this progressive disease. Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component of the herbaceous plant Andrographis paniculata, has been found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity in several disease models. In this study, we investigated the ability of Andro to suppress inflammation associated with aneurysms, and whether it may be used to block the progression of AAA. Whereas diseased aortae continued to expand in the solvent-treated group, daily administration of Andro to mice with small aneurysms significantly attenuated aneurysm growth, as measured by the diminished expansion of aortic diameter (165.68 ± 15.85% vs. 90.62 ± 22.91%, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that Andro decreased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and T cells. Mechanistically, Andro inhibited arterial NF-κB activation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines [CCL2, CXCL10, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ] in the treated aortae. Furthermore, Andro suppressed α4 integrin expression and attenuated the ability of monocytes/macrophages to adhere to activated endothelial cells. These results indicate that Andro suppresses progression of AAA, likely through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration via downregulation of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production and α4 integrin expression. Thus, Andro may offer a pharmacological therapy to slow disease progression in patients with small aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Jasmine Giles
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Jason Greenberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - K Craig Kent
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
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29
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Bi Y, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X, Zhang Z, Wu G, Han X. Novel experimental model of enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm in rabbits. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:1054-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Adovasio R, Calvagna C, Sgorlon G, Zamolo F, Mearelli F, Biolo G, Grassi G, Fiotti N. Growth Rate of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Genetic Polymorphisms of Matrix MetalloProteases-1, -3, and -9. Int J Angiol 2015; 25:93-8. [PMID: 27231424 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)-1, -3, and 9, together with clinical variables, might predict the growth rate (GR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Genotyping of MMP-1 (-1,607 G+/G-), MMP-3 (- 1,171 6A/5A), and MMP-9 microsatellite (13-26 cytosine-adenosine repeats around -90) from peripheral blood was performed in 137 AAA patients with two AAA diameter measurements (at least 3 months to 1 year apart). When the same technique (either ultrasound or computed tomography) was used for the two measurements, yearly GR was estimated and compared with MMP genotype and clinical features by linear and binary logistic regression. Collectively, 36 patients provided 94 observations, with a median GR of 3 mm/year (interquartile range, 0-5.8); GRs in carriers of MMP-1 polymorphism G-/G-, G-/G+, and G+/G+ genotype were 0.3, 3.5, and 4.7mm/year, respectively (p = 0.008). In linear logistic regression, the main determinant of GR was growth arrest (GA, i.e., GR = 0, occurring in 32 observations, 34%). In turn, GA occurred mainly in G-/G- MMP-1 genotype (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-9.7; p = 0.002), while variables accounting for GR > 0 were MMP-1 G + /G+ genotype, intake of any antihypertensive drug, and MMP-3 6A/6A genotype. Carriers of none, one, or two/three of these conditions accounted for a GR of 3, 4, and 9 mm/year, respectively (p = 0.001). MMP-1 (-1,607 G+/-) variant is associated to differential GR in AAA: homozygous G deletion variant shows higher GA prevalence and lower GR, while carriers of G + /G+ MMP-1 genotype, together with intake of antihypertensive drugs, and 6A/6A in MMP-3 present cumulative GR increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Adovasio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristiano Calvagna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giada Sgorlon
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Zamolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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31
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Yoshimura K, Nagasawa A, Kudo J, Onoda M, Morikage N, Furutani A, Aoki H, Hamano K. Inhibitory effect of statins on inflammation-related pathways in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11213-28. [PMID: 25993292 PMCID: PMC4463697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been suggested to attenuate abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. However, the effects of statins in human AAA tissues are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of statins on proinflammatory molecules in human AAA walls in ex vivo culture. Simvastatin strongly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human AAA walls, but showed little effect on c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Simvastatin, as well as pitavastatin significantly reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-2 and epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (CXCL5) under both basal and TNF-α-stimulated conditions. Similar to statins, the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB, accompanied by a decreased secretion of MMP-9, MCP-2 and CXCL5. Moreover, the effect of simvastatin and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 was additive in inhibiting the secretion of MMP-9, MCP-2 and CXCL5. These findings indicate that statins preferentially inhibit the Rac1/NF-κB pathway to suppress MMP-9 and chemokine secretion in human AAA, suggesting a mechanism for the potential effect of statins in attenuating AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoshimura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi 753-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nagasawa
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kudo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Onoda
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Furutani
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
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32
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Yan H, Cui B, Zhang X, Fu X, Yan J, Wang X, Lv X, Chen Z, Hu Z. Antagonism of toll-like receptor 2 attenuates the formation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:176-87. [PMID: 26579444 PMCID: PMC4629243 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammatory vascular disorder with high mortality. Accumulating evidence shows that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a critical role in the regulation of wound-repairing process after tissue injury. We wondered if TLR2 signaling contributed to the pathogenesis of AAA and that targeting TLR2 would attenuate AAA development and progression. In this study, enhanced expression of TLR2 and its ligands were observed in human AAA tissue. Neutralization of TLR2 protected against AAA development and caused established AAA to regress in mouse models of AAA. In addition, TLR2-deficient mice also failed to develop AAA. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of blocking TLR2 were accompanied by a significant resolution of inflammation and vascular remodeling, as indicated by the decreased expression or activity of MMP-2/9, α-SMA, inflammatory cytokines, and transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT1/3 in AAA tissue. Mechanistically, blocking TLR2 decreased the expression and interaction of TLR2 and several endogenous ligands, which diminished chronic inflammation and vascular remodeling in the vascular tissue of AAA. Our studies indicate that the interactions between TLR2 and its endogenous ligands contribute to the pathogenesis of AAA and that targeting TLR2 offers great potential toward the development of therapeutic agents against AAA.
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Key Words
- AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- DAMPs
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- HMGB1, high mobility group B-1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- IOD, integrated optical density
- Immune microenvironment
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- RAMPs, resolution-associated molecular patterns
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT1/3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TLR2
- Th2, type 2 T help
- VVG, Verhoeff van Gieson
- Vascular remodeling
- WT, wide-type
- bip, binding immunoglobulin protein
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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33
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Emrich FC, Okamura H, Dalal AR, Penov K, Merk DR, Raaz U, Hennigs JK, Chin JT, Miller MO, Pedroza AJ, Craig JK, Koyano TK, Blankenberg FG, Connolly AJ, Mohr FW, Alvira CM, Rabinovitch M, Fischbein MP. Enhanced Caspase Activity Contributes to Aortic Wall Remodeling and Early Aneurysm Development in a Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:146-54. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Rupture and dissection of aortic root aneurysms remain the leading causes of death in patients with the Marfan syndrome, a hereditary connective tissue disorder that affects 1 in 5000 individuals worldwide. In the present study, we use a Marfan mouse model (
Fbn1
C1039G/+
) to investigate the biological importance of apoptosis during aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome.
Approach and Results—
Using in vivo single-photon emission computed tomographic-imaging and ex vivo autoradiography for Tc99m-annexin, we discovered increased apoptosis in the
Fbn1
C1039G/+
ascending aorta during early aneurysm development peaking at 4 weeks. Immunofluorescence colocalization studies identified smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as the apoptotic cell population. As biological proof of concept that early aortic wall apoptosis plays a role in aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome,
Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice were treated daily from 2 to 6 weeks with either (1) a pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-V
D
-OPh (20 mg/kg), or (2) vehicle control intraperitoneally. Q-V
D
-OPh treatment led to a significant reduction in aneurysm size and decreased extracellular matrix degradation in the aortic wall compared with control mice. In vitro studies using
Fbn1
C1039G/+
ascending SMCs showed that apoptotic SMCs have increased elastolytic potential compared with viable cells, mostly because of caspase activity. Moreover, in vitro (1) cell membrane isolation, (2) immunofluorescence staining, and (3) scanning electron microscopy studies illustrate that caspases are expressed on the exterior cell surface of apoptotic SMCs.
Conclusions—
Caspase inhibition attenuates aneurysm development in an
Fbn1
C1039G/+
Marfan mouse model. Mechanistically, during apoptosis, caspases are expressed on the cell surface of SMCs and likely contribute to elastin degradation and aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C. Emrich
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Homare Okamura
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Alex R. Dalal
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Kiril Penov
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Denis R. Merk
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Jan K. Hennigs
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Jocelyn T. Chin
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Miquell O. Miller
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Juliana K. Craig
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Tiffany K. Koyano
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Francis G. Blankenberg
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Andrew J. Connolly
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Friedrich W. Mohr
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Cristina M. Alvira
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
| | - Michael P. Fischbein
- From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.C.E., H.O., A.R.D., K.P., D.R.M., J.T.C., M.O.M., A.J.P., J.K.C., T.K.K, M.P.F.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R.), Department of Pediatrics (J.K.H., C.M.A, M.R.), Department of Radiology (F.G.B.), and Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (F.C.E., K.P., D.R.M., F.W.M.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical
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Bi Y, Han X, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X, Zhang Z, Li W. Different long-term outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm models: hemodynamic change may also play an essential role in the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in rabbits. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:819-22. [PMID: 24801772 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing phenomenon was found in the periarterial elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in rabbit. This kind of aneurysm model does not progress and heals spontaneously in the long term, which is quite different from the performance of AAA disease in human. In order to better mimic human AAA and overcome this shortcoming of traditional AAA model in rabbit, we studied the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm (CA) model in small animal, which shows an excellent long-term patency and progressive enlargement. We found that hemodynamic conditions, such as turbulence flow, high blood flow, and shear stress, play an important role in the formation and progression of CA. So, we hypothesize that hemodynamic change may also play an essential role in the initiation and progression of rabbit AAA, and self-healing will be overcome if hemodynamic condition changes by coarctation of infra-renal aorta after elastase incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Bi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rouer M, Xu BH, Xuan HJ, Tanaka H, Fujimura N, Glover KJ, Furusho Y, Gerritsen M, Dalman RL. Rapamycin limits the growth of established experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 47:493-500. [PMID: 24629569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 4-8% of men older than 60 years. No pharmacologic strategies limit disease progression, aneurysm rupture, or aneurysm-related death. We examined the ability of rapamycin to limit the progression of established experimental AAAs. METHODS AAAs were created in 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion method. Beginning 4 days after PPE infusion, mice were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg/day) or an equal volume of vehicle for 10 days. AAA progression was monitored by serial ultrasound examination. Aortae were harvested for histological analyses at sacrifice. RESULTS Three days after PPE infusion, prior to vehicle or rapamycin treatment, aneurysms were enlarging at an equal rate between groups. In the rapamycin group, treatment reduced aortic enlargement by 38%, and 53% at 3 and 10 days, respectively. On histological analysis, medial elastin and smooth muscle cell populations were relatively preserved in the rapamycin group. Rapamycin treatment also reduced mural macrophage density and neoangiogenesis. CONCLUSION Rapamycin limits the progression of established experimental aneurysms, increasing the translational potential of mechanistic target of rapamycin-related AAA inhibition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rouer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B H Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H J Xuan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - N Fujimura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K J Glover
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Furusho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Gerritsen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R L Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Peng C, Gu P, Zhou J, Huang J, Wang W. Inhibition of rho-kinase by fasudil suppresses formation and progression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80145. [PMID: 24244631 PMCID: PMC3828185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cell infiltration is crucial pathogenesis during the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Given Rho-kinase (ROCK), an important kinase control the actin cytoskeleton, regulates the inflammatory cell infiltration, thus, we investigate the possibility and mechanism of preventing experimental AAA progression via targeting ROCK in mice porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model. Methods and Results AAA was created in 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice by transient intraluminal porcine pancreatic elastase infusion into the infrarenal aorta. The mRNA level of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1 and ROCK2 were elevated in aneurismal aorta. Next, PPE infusion mice were orally administrated with vehicle or ROCK inhibitor (Fasudil at dose of 200 mg/kg/day) during the period of day 1 prior to PPE infusion to day 14 after PPE infusion. PPE infusion mice treated with Fasudil produced significantly smaller aneurysms as compare to PPE infusion mice treated with vehicle. AAAs developed in all vehicle-treated groups within 14 days, whereas AAAs developed in six mice (66%, 6/9) treated with Fasudil within 14 days. Furthermore, our semi-quantitative histological analysis revealed that blood vessels and macrophages were significantly reduced in Fasudil treated mice during the AAA progression. Finally, when mice with existing AAAs were treated with Fasudil, the enlargement was nearly completely suppressed. Conclusion Fasudil inhibits experimental AAA progression and stabilize existing aneurysms, through mechanisms likely related to impaired mural macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that ROCK inhibitor may hold substantial translational value for AAA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Stomatolog, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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Bi Y, Zhong H, Xu K, Zhang Z, Qi X, Xia Y, Ren L. Development of a novel rabbit model of abdominal aortic aneurysm via a combination of periaortic calcium chloride and elastase incubation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68476. [PMID: 23844207 PMCID: PMC3699498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel, simple and effective technique for creating a reliable rabbit model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) via a combination of periaortic calcium chloride (CaCl2) and elastase incubation. Methods Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. The AAA model was developed via a 20-minute periaortic incubation of CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and elastase (1 Unit/µL) in a 1.5-cm aortic segment (Group CE). A single incubation of CaCl2 (Group C) or elastase (Group E) and a sham operation group (Sham Group) were used for the controls. Diameter was measured by serial digital subtraction angiography imaging on days 5, 15 and 30. Animals were sacrificed on day 5 and day 30 for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Results All animals in Group CE developed aneurysm, with an average dilation ratio of 65.3%±8.9% on day 5, 86.5%±28.7% on day 15 and 203.6%±39.1% on day 30. No aneurysm was found in Group C, and only one aneurysm was seen on day 5 in Group E. Group CE exhibited less intima-media thickness, endothelial recovery, elastin and smooth muscle cell (SMC) content, but stronger expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and RAM11 compared to the controls. Conclusions The novel rabbit model of AAA created by using a combination of periaortic CaCl2 and elastase incubation is simple and effective to perform and is valuable for elucidating AAA mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Bi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Qi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghui Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Kim KH, Park JH, Lee WR, Park JS, Kim HC, Park KK. The inhibitory effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against NF-κB and Sp1 in renal interstitial fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:573-86. [PMID: 23114611 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic renal disease is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function and deposition of the extracellular matrix, leading to widespread tissue fibrosis. Much of the matrix in chronic renal disease is synthesized by interstitial myofibroblasts, recruited from resident fibroblasts and circulating precursors. These changes are believed to be derived from epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubuloepithelial cells. To develop a novel therapeutic approach for treating renal fibrosis, we examined the simultaneous inhibition of the transcription factors NF-κB and Sp1 in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). To simultaneously inhibit both NF-κB and Sp1, we developed chimeric (Chi) decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) which contained binding sequences for both NF-κB and Sp1 in a single decoy molecule to enhance the effective use of decoy ODN strategy. Chi decoy ODN significantly attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of UUO compared to scrambled decoy ODN, as demonstrated by the reduced interstitial volume, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis-related gene expression. Interestingly, Chi decoy ODN also regulated EMT-related gene expression, leading to the inhibition of renal fibrotic changes in vivo and in vitro. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of Chi decoy ODN treatment for preventing renal fibrosis and EMT processes. This strategy might be useful to improve the clinical outcome after chronic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-dong, Daegu, Nam-gu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
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A Novel In Vivo Rabbit Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by Periarterial Incubation of Papain. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:1529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Aoki T, Kataoka H, Nishimura M, Ishibashi R, Morishita R, Miyamoto S. Regression of intracranial aneurysms by simultaneous inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and Ets with chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:1534-43; discussion 1543. [PMID: 22186838 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318246a390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a high mortality and morbidity of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an intracranial aneurysm (IA), there is no effective medical treatment to prevent the rupture of IAs. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of the transactivation of proinflammatory genes by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Ets-1 in the pathogenesis of IA formation and enlargement. OBJECTIVE To examine the regressive effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which simultaneously inhibit NF-κB and Ets-1, on IA development in the rat model. METHODS One month after IA induction, rats were treated with NF-κB decoy ODNs or chimeric decoy ODNs. Size, media thickness, macrophage infiltration, and collagen biosynthesis in IA walls were analyzed in both groups. RESULTS The treatment with chimeric decoy ODNs decreased IA size and thickened IA walls of preexisting IAs induced in the rat model, although the treatment with NF-κB decoy ODNs failed to regress preexisting IAs. Chimeric decoy ODN-treated rats exhibited decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage infiltration in IA walls. In addition, decreased collagen biosynthesis in IA walls was ameliorated in the chimeric decoy ODN-treated group. CONCLUSION The results suggest the possibility of a minimally invasive molecular therapy targeting the inhibition of NF-κB and ets-1 for IAs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
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Recent advances in pharmacotherapy development for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:648167. [PMID: 22957259 PMCID: PMC3432368 DOI: 10.1155/2012/648167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease causing segmental expansion and rupture of the aorta with a high mortality rate. The lack of nonsurgical treatment represents a large and unmet need in terms of pharmacotherapy. Advances in AAA research revealed that activation of inflammatory signaling pathways through proinflammatory mediators shifts the balance of extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism toward tissue degradation. This idea is supported by experimental evidence in animal models that pharmacologic intervention at each pathological step can prevent AAA development. Previously, we identified c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a pro-inflammatory signaling molecule, as a therapeutic target for AAA. Abnormal activation of JNK in AAA tissue regulates multiple pathological processes in a coordinated manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK tips the ECM balance back towards repair rather than degradation. Interventions targeting signaling molecules such as JNK in order to manipulate multiple pathological processes may be an ideal therapeutic strategy for AAA. Furthermore, the development of biomarkers as well as appropriate drug delivery systems is essential to produce clinically practical pharmacotherapy for AAA.
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Liao M, Xu J, Clair AJ, Ehrman B, Graham LM, Eagleton MJ. Local and systemic alterations in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) associated with human abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Surg Res 2011; 176:321-8. [PMID: 21764069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins are transcription factors that, when activated by phosphorylation, regulate gene expression and cellular activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic expression and activation of STAT proteins associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). METHODS Expression and activation of STAT proteins were assessed in aortic wall samples obtained from patients undergoing repair of AAA (n = 9) and from non-aneurysmal (NA) donors (n = 17). Aortic samples were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression for STAT1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, and 5b using RT-PCR and immunoblot (WB) assays and normalized to ß-actin (expressed as arbitrary units). STAT activation was assessed with WB assays using phosphorylated (p)-STAT-specific antibodies. Alterations in STAT activation were calculated by normalizing pSTAT proteins to corresponding total STAT levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed on AAA and NA samples using the total and pSTAT antibodies. Systemic alterations in STAT activation were assessed by evaluating circulating leukocytes for the presence of pSTAT from patients with AAA (AAA, n = 8), repaired aneurysm (RA, n = 8), or age/gender matched controls with no AAA (CT, n = 8). Flow cytometry was performed to assess for circulating levels of STAT1 (pY701), STAT3 (pY705), and STAT5a (pY694) in monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Assessments were made at baseline and in response to in vitro stimulation with IFN-γ (50 ng/mL) or IL-6 (100 ng/mL). Results were analyzed using Student's t-test and are expressed as mean ± SEM. RESULTS In AAA tissue compared with NA, STAT-1 (1.08 ± 0.09 versus 0.62 ± 0.07), -2 (0.98 ± 0.07 versus 0.55 ± 0.08), and -4 (0.89 ± 0.12 versus 0.35 ± 0.11) mRNA levels were elevated (P < 0.01, all). Corresponding increases in STAT protein were only observed for STAT1 (2.77 ± 0.93 versus 0.93 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Increases in activation were observed in AAA compared with NA in pSTAT2 (0.77 ± 0.1 versus 0.1 ± 0.02, P < 0.01), pSTAT3 (1.6 ± 0.3 versus 0.2 ± 0.06, P < 0.02) and pSTAT5 (0.57 ± 0.03 versus 0.2 ± 0.03, P < 0.05) levels. Phosphorylated STAT1, 2, 3, and 5 were observed in inflammatory cells invading the AAA adventitia. In addition, STAT3 was observed in the media of AAA and NA, but pSTAT3 was only observed in the media of AAA. There were no differences in baseline levels of pSTAT-positive circulating leukocytes. IFN-γ stimulation decreased STAT-5a (pY694)-positive CT lymphocytes to 40% ± 13% of baseline, but had no effect on AAA or RA lymphocytes (116% ± 35%, 102% ± 19%, respectively; P = 0.01). STAT-5a (pY694)-positive CT granulocytes also decreased to 62% ± 18% of baseline compared with AAA or RA granulocytes (122% ± 25%, 126% ± 17%, respectively; P = 0.01). Alterations in STAT1 (pY701) and STAT3 (pY705) were not observed in leukocytes following cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSIONS STAT proteins are important regulators of transcriptional activity and have been linked to cardiovascular disease. The present data suggest that altered levels of phosphorylated STATs are associated with AAA. Understanding their role may provide further insight into the mechanisms of AAA formation and allow for the development of medical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Liao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine-CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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43
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Kurki MI, Häkkinen SK, Frösen J, Tulamo R, von und zu Fraunberg M, Wong G, Tromp G, Niemelä M, Hernesniemi J, Jääskeläinen JE, Ylä-Herttuala S. Upregulated Signaling Pathways in Ruptured Human Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Wall: An Emerging Regulative Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Nuclear Factor-κB, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1A, and ETS Transcription Factors. Neurosurgery 2011; 68:1667-75; discussion 1675-6. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318210f001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, almost always from saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA), is a devastating form of stroke that affects the working-age population. Cellular and molecular mechanisms predisposing to the rupture of the sIA wall are largely unknown. This knowledge would facilitate the design of novel diagnostic tools and therapies for the sIA disease.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate gene expression patterns distinguishing ruptured and unruptured sIA.
METHODS:
We compared the whole-genome expression profile of 11 ruptured sIA wall samples with that of 8 unruptured ones using oligonucleotide microarrays. Signaling pathways enriched in the ruptured sIA walls were identified with bioinformatic analyses. Their transcriptional control was predicted in silico by seeking the enrichment of conserved transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes.
RESULTS:
Overall, 686 genes were significantly upregulated and 740 were downregulated in the ruptured sIA walls. Significantly upregulated biological processes included response to turbulent blood flow, chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling; and extracellular matrix degradation. Toll-like receptor signaling and nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1A, and ETS transcription factor binding sites were significantly enriched among the upregulated genes.
CONCLUSION:
We identified pathways and candidate genes associated with the rupture of human sIA wall. Our results may provide clues to the molecular mechanism in sIA wall rupture and insight for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja I. Kurki
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Biosciences
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Häkkinen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhana Frösen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Tulamo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Garry Wong
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Biosciences
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Current address: Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Hernesniemi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang Q, Huang JH, Xia RP, Duan XH, Jiang YB, Jiang Q, Sun WJ. Suppression of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Rat Model by the Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor Cilostazol. J Surg Res 2011; 167:e385-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Dai Y, Diao Z, Sun H, Li R, Qiu Z, Hu Y. MicroRNA-155 is involved in the remodelling of human-trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by lipopolysaccharides. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1882-91. [PMID: 21515911 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low dose injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) may induce pre-eclampsia-like symptoms in rats, and microRNA-155 (miR-155) is elevated in the placentas of patients with pre-eclampsia. Our goal was to investigate the association of miR-155 with pre-eclampsia and the pathways involved using human-trophoblast-derived cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) stimulated with LPS. METHODS We measured miR-155 in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with LPS (25-800 ng/ml) using real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to study transcription factor activated protein 1 (AP-1) (JunB and FosB subunits) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in the HTR-8/SVneo cells and placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia. DNA precipitation assays and luciferase reporter analysis were used to evaluate the regulation of miR-155 by AP-1 and NF-κB. Cell migration was determined by scratch assay. Syncytialization of HTR-8/SVneo cells was analysed following transfection with miR-155. RESULTS miR-155 was increased together with AP-1 and NF-κB in HTR-8/SVneo cells incubated with low dose of LPS (≤100 ng/ml; P < 0.05 versus baseline). Both JunB/FosB and p65 were increased in placenta from women with severe pre-eclampsia versus a normal pregnancy, with elevated expression of miR-155 (P < 0.05). For specific DNA-binding sites upstream of BIC/miR-155 gene promoter, the AP-1 site was more important than the NF-κB site for increasing miR-155 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. The cells with enforced expression of miR-155 showed a reduced ability to migrate (P < 0.05) and an increased number of syncytiotrophoblast-like multinuclear cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LPS may induce remodelling of the human-trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells by increasing miR-155, acting in part through the AP-1 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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46
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Kaneko H, Anzai T, Takahashi T, Kohno T, Shimoda M, Sasaki A, Shimizu H, Nagai T, Maekawa Y, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Yoshikawa T, Okada Y, Yozu R, Ogawa S, Fukuda K. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:358-67. [PMID: 21436157 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation are the major pathological features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We sought to elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a potent angiogenic and proinflammatory factor, in the development of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS Human AAA samples showed increased VEGF-A expression, neovascularization, and macrophage infiltration compared with normal aortic walls. AAA was induced in mice by periaortic application of CaCl(2). AAA mice were treated with soluble VEGF-A receptor (sFlt)-1 or phosphate-buffered saline and sacrificed 6 weeks after the operation. Treatment with sFlt-1 resulted in reduced aneurysm size, restored wavy structure of the elastic lamellae, reduced Mac-2(+) monocytes/macrophages, CD3(+) T-lymphocytes, and CD31(+) vessels, and attenuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9 activity in periaortic tissue of AAA. Increased aortic mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in AAA was attenuated by sFlt-1 treatment. CONCLUSION VEGF-A was overexpressed in the aortic wall of human and experimental AAA. Treatment with sFlt-1 inhibited AAA development in mice, in association with reduced neoangiogenesis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, MMP activity, and extracellular matrix degradation. These findings suggest a crucial role of VEGF-A in the development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ashton J, Mertz J, Harper J, Slepian M, Mills J, McGrath D, Vande Geest J. Polymeric endoaortic paving: Mechanical, thermoforming, and degradation properties of polycaprolactone/polyurethane blends for cardiovascular applications. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:287-94. [PMID: 20832506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric endoaortic paving (PEAP) is a process by which a polymer is endovascularly delivered and thermoformed to coat or "pave" the lumen of the aorta. This method may offer an improvement to conventional endoaortic therapy in allowing conformal graft application with reduced risk of endoleak and customization to complex patient geometries. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyurethane (PU) blends of various blend ratios were assessed as a potential material for PEAP by characterizing their mechanical, thermoforming and degradation properties. Biaxial tension testing revealed that the blends' stiffness is similar to that of aortic tissue, is higher for blends with more PCL content, and may be affected by thermoforming and degradation. Tubes of blends were able to maintain a higher diameter increase after thermoforming at higher PCL content and higher heating temperatures; 50/50 blend tubes heated to 55 °C were able to maintain 90% of the diameter increase applied. Delamination forces of the blends ranged from 41 to 235 N m⁻². In a Pseudomonas lipase solution, the 50/50 blend had a 94% lower degradation rate than pure PCL, and the 10/90 blend exhibited no degradation. These results indicate that PEAP, consisting of a PCL/PU blend, may be useful in developing the next generation of endoaortic therapy.
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Systemic administration of ribbon-type decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against nuclear factor κB and ets prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm in rat model. Mol Ther 2010; 19:181-7. [PMID: 20877343 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective clinical treatment to prevent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). To develop a novel therapeutic approach, we modified decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) against nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and ets, to a ribbon-shaped circular structure without chemical modification, to increase its resistance to endonuclease for systemic administration. Intraperitoneal administration of ribbon-type decoy ODNs (R-ODNs) was performed in an elastase-induced rat AAA model. Fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled R-ODNs could be detected in macrophages migrating into the aneurysm wall, and NFκB and ets activity were simultaneously inhibited by chimeric R-ODN. Treatment with chimeric R-ODN significantly inhibited aortic dilatation, whereas conventional phosphorothioate decoy ODN failed to prevent aneurysm formation. Significant preservation of elastic fibers was observed with chimeric R-ODN, accompanied by a reduction of secretion of several proteases from macrophages. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-12, but not MMP-2, was suppressed in the aneurysm wall by chimeric R-ODN, whereas recruitment of macrophages was not inhibited. Treatment with chimeric R-ODN also inhibited the secretion of cathepsin B and K from macrophages. Overall, the present study demonstrated that systemic administration of chimeric R-ODNs prevented aneurysm formation in a rat model. Further modification of the decoy strategy would provide a means of less invasive molecular therapy for human AAA.
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Aoki T, Kataoka H, Nishimura M, Ishibashi R, Morishita R, Miyamoto S. Ets-1 promotes the progression of cerebral aneurysm by inducing the expression of MCP-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1117-23. [PMID: 20428211 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) rupture is one of the leading causes of stroke death. Recent experimental studies suggest that the pathophysiology of CA is closely associated with inflammation. A transcription factor, Ets-1, has been shown to regulate vascular inflammation and remodeling in a physiological and pathological condition. The expression and role of Ets-1 in CA development has been investigated in this study. Ets-1 was expressed and activated mainly in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in both experimentally induced rat CAs and human CA walls by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked mobility shift assay. The downstream target of Ets-1 in CA development was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) analysis. CHIP analysis revealed that Ets-1 transactivated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in CA walls. Treatment with ets decoy oligodeoxynucleotides resulted in the prevention of CA enlargement, upregulation of MCP-1 expression and increase in macrophage accumulation in CA walls. In conclusion, Ets-1 mediates MCP-1 expression in VSMCs in CA walls, thus promoting the progression of CAs. Inhibition of DNA-binding activity of Ets-1 may lead to the prevention of human CA enlargement and rupture. Results of this study will provide us a clue to a novel therapeutic strategy for CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Eagleton MJ, Xu J, Liao M, Parine B, Chisolm GM, Graham LM. Loss of STAT1 is associated with increased aortic rupture in an experimental model of aortic dissection and aneurysm formation. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51:951-61; discussion 961. [PMID: 20347693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 has been linked to a variety of pathologic states involved with matrix remodeling, but its role in aortic pathology has not been previously described. The current study hypothesized that STAT1 regulates aneurysmal degeneration and its role was evaluated in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and in a mouse model of aortic dissection. METHODS Apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) or ApoE/STAT1 double knockout mice (ApoE/STAT1-/-) were infused with 1000 ng/kg/min of angiotensin II. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in the rodent tail. At sacrifice, aortic diameters and extent of aneurysm formation were measured by digital microscopy. STAT1 and phosphorylated-STAT1 protein levels were assessed in ApoE-/- mice at 0, 7, 14, and 28 days (n = 8/time point) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histology was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Movat stains. Statistical analyses included chi(2) test, t test, and analysis of variance. RESULTS STAT1 messenger RNA and total protein were greater in human AAA vs non-AAA controls. In addition, aneurysms occurred in 8%, 50%, and 80% of ApoE-/- mice at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. Total STAT1 levels were not altered during the course of angiotensin II infusion. Phosphorylated STAT1 levels peaked at 7 days with a 1.4-fold increase over baseline (P < .05). Aneurysms occurred in 0%, 100%, and 100% of ApoE/STAT1-/- mice at 3, 5, and 28 days. In mice infused with angiotensin II for >3 days, aortic rupture occurred more frequently in ApoE/STAT-/- mice (53% vs 19%, P < .05) and at earlier time points (4.0 +/- 0.5 vs 9.2 +/- 0.77 days, P < .05) vs ApoE-/- mice. SBP did not differ between the groups during angiotensin II infusion. By 28 days, aneurysms were larger in ApoE/STAT1-/- mice compared with ApoE-/- mice (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs 1.9 +/- 0.1 mm, P < .05) and were more extensive. H&E and Movat stain did not reveal differences in aortic wall structural content at baseline between ApoE-/- and ApoE/STAT1-/- mice. Both groups demonstrated equal disorganization in the aneurysmal state. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylated STAT1 is elevated during aneurysmal degeneration. Its loss is associated with a higher rate of acute aortic rupture and more extensive aneurysms in a mouse model of aortic dissection. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether these observations are secondary to an underlying aortic wall abnormality or alterations in vessel wall matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Eagleton
- Deparment of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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