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Norris EG, Pan XS, Hocking DC. Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional αv-integrin agonist. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102922. [PMID: 36669646 PMCID: PMC9846890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. Here, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to bind to cell surface integrins and trigger downstream signaling pathways was assessed and compared with RGD-containing, integrin-binding fragments of fibronectin. We determined that S1-RBD supported adhesion of fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as primary human small airway epithelial cells, while RBD-coated microparticles attached to epithelial monolayers in a cation-dependent manner. Cell adhesion to S1-RBD was RGD dependent and inhibited by blocking antibodies against αv and β3 but not α5 or β1 integrins. Similarly, we observed direct binding of S1-RBD to recombinant human αvβ3 and αvβ6 integrins, but not α5β1 integrins, using surface plasmon resonance. S1-RBD adhesion initiated cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and actin stress fiber organization to a similar extent as fibronectin. Moreover, S1-RBD stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adhesion mediators FAK, Src, and paxillin; triggered Akt activation; and supported cell proliferation. Thus, the RGD sequence of S1-RBD can function as an αv-selective integrin agonist. This study provides evidence that cell surface αv-containing integrins can respond functionally to spike protein and raises the possibility that S1-mediated dysregulation of extracellular matrix dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
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2
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Stecco A, Giordani F, Fede C, Pirri C, De Caro R, Stecco C. From Muscle to the Myofascial Unit: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054527. [PMID: 36901958 PMCID: PMC10002604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The "motor unit" or the "muscle" has long been considered the quantal element in the control of movement. However, in recent years new research has proved the strong interaction between muscle fibers and intramuscular connective tissue, and between muscles and fasciae, suggesting that the muscles can no longer be considered the only elements that organize movement. In addition, innervation and vascularization of muscle is strongly connected with intramuscular connective tissue. This awareness induced Luigi Stecco, in 2002, to create a new term, the "myofascial unit", to describe the bilateral dependent relationship, both anatomical and functional, that occurs between fascia, muscle and accessory elements. The aim of this narrative review is to understand the scientific support for this new term, and whether it is actually correct to consider the myofascial unit the physiological basic element for peripheral motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Stecco
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Federico Giordani
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Padova University, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Fede
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-9827-2315
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Murrant CL, Fletcher NM. Capillary communication: the role of capillaries in sensing the tissue environment, coordinating the microvascular, and controlling blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1019-H1036. [PMID: 36149771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Historically, capillaries have been viewed as the microvascular site for flux of nutrients to cells and removal of waste products. Capillaries are the most numerous blood vessel segment within the tissue, whose vascular wall consists of only a single layer of endothelial cells and are situated within microns of each cell of the tissue, all of which optimizes capillaries for the exchange of nutrients between the blood compartment and the interstitial space of tissues. There is, however, a growing body of evidence to support that capillaries play an important role in sensing the tissue environment, coordinating microvascular network responses, and controlling blood flow. Much of our growing understanding of capillaries stems from work in skeletal muscle and more recent work in the brain, where capillaries can be stimulated by products released from cells of the tissue during increased activity and are able to communicate with upstream and downstream vascular segments, enabling capillaries to sense the activity levels of the tissue and send signals to the microvascular network to coordinate the blood flow response. This review will focus on the emerging role that capillaries play in communication between cells of the tissue and the vascular network required to direct blood flow to active cells in skeletal muscle and the brain. We will also highlight the emerging central role that disruptions in capillary communication may play in blood flow dysregulation, pathophysiology, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral L Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole M Fletcher
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Yang Y, Nourian Z, Li M, Sun Z, Zhang L, Davis MJ, Meininger GA, Wu J, Braun AP, Hill MA. Modification of Fibronectin by Non-Enzymatic Glycation Impairs K + Channel Function in Rat Cerebral Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:871968. [PMID: 35832482 PMCID: PMC9272009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.871968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) enhances K+ channel activity by integrin-mediated mechanisms. As vascular smooth muscle (VSM) K+ channels mediate vasodilation, we hypothesized that modification of fibronectin, via advanced non-enzymatic glycation, would alter signaling of this extracellular matrix protein through these channels. Bovine FN (1 mg/ml) was glycated (gFN) for 5 days using methylglyoxal (50 mM), and albumin was similarly glycated as a non-matrix protein control. VSM cells were isolated from rat cerebral arteries for measurement of macroscopic K+ channel activity using whole cell patch clamp methodology. Pharmacological inhibitors, iberiotoxin (0.1 μM) and 4-aminopyridine (0.1 mM), were used to identify contributions of large-conductance, Ca2+-activated, K+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels, respectively. Compared with baseline, native FN enhanced whole cell K+ current in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas gFN inhibited basal current. Furthermore, native albumin did not enhance basal K+ current, but the glycated form (gAlb) caused inhibition. gFN was shown to impair both the Kv and BKCa components of total macroscopic K+ current. Anti-integrin α5 and β1 antibodies attenuated the effects of both FN and gFN on macroscopic K+ current at +70 mV. Consistent with an action on BKCa activity, FN increased, whereas gFN decreased the frequency of spontaneous transient outward current (STOCs). In contrast, gAlb inhibited whole cell K+ current predominantly through Kv, showing little effect on STOCs. A function-blocking, anti-RAGE antibody partially reversed the inhibitory effects of gFN, suggesting involvement of this receptor. Further, gFN caused production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by isolated VSMCs as revealed by the fluorescent indicator, DHE. Evoked ROS production was attenuated by the RAGE blocking antibody. Collectively, these studies identify ion channel-related mechanisms (integrin and ROS-mediated) by which protein glycation may modify VSMC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zahra Nourian
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Min Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Michael J. Davis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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5
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Norris EG, Pan XS, Hocking DC. Receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional αv-integrin agonist. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.04.11.487882. [PMID: 35441172 PMCID: PMC9016641 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.11.487882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar respiratory coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. In the present study, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to bind to cell surface integrins and trigger downstream signaling pathways was assessed and compared to RGD-containing, integrin-binding fragments of fibronectin. S1-RBD supported adhesion of both fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cell adhesion to S1-RBD was cation- and RGD-dependent, and was inhibited by blocking antibodies against α v and β 3 , but not α 5 or β 1 , integrins. Similarly, direct binding of S1-RBD to recombinant human α v β 3 and α v β 6 integrins, but not α 5 β 1 integrins, was observed by surface plasmon resonance. Adhesion to S1-RBD initiated cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and actin stress fiber organization to a similar extent as fibronectin. Moreover, S1-RBD stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adhesion mediators FAK, Src, and paxillin, Akt activation, and supported cell proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that the RGD sequence within S1-RBD can function as an α v -selective integrin agonist. This study provides evidence that cell surface α v -containing integrins can respond functionally to spike protein and raise the possibility that S1-mediated dysregulation of ECM dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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6
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Fernandes NRJ, Reilly NS, Schrock DC, Hocking DC, Oakes PW, Fowell DJ. CD4 + T Cell Interstitial Migration Controlled by Fibronectin in the Inflamed Skin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1501. [PMID: 32793204 PMCID: PMC7393769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is extensively remodeled during inflammation providing essential guidance cues for immune cell migration and signals for cell activation and survival. There is increasing interest in the therapeutic targeting of ECM to mitigate chronic inflammatory diseases and enhance access to the tumor microenvironment. T cells utilize the ECM as a scaffold for interstitial migration, dependent on T cell expression of matrix-binding integrins αVβ1/αVβ3 and tissue display of the respective RGD-containing ligands. The specific ECM components that control T cell migration are unclear. Fibronectin (FN), a canonical RGD-containing matrix component, is heavily upregulated in inflamed tissues and in vitro can serve as a substrate for leukocyte migration. However, limited by lack of tools to intravitally visualize and manipulate FN, the specific role of FN in effector T cell migration in vivo is unknown. Here, we utilize fluorescently-tagged FN to probe for FN deposition, and intravital multiphoton microscopy to visualize T cell migration relative to FN in the inflamed ear dermis. Th1 cells were found to migrate along FN fibers, with T cells appearing to actively push or pull against flexible FN fibers. To determine the importance of T cell interactions with FN, we used a specific inhibitor of FN polymerization, pUR4. Intradermal delivery of pUR4 (but not the control peptide) to the inflamed skin resulted in a local reduction in FN deposition. We also saw a striking attenuation of Th1 effector T cell movement at the pUR4 injection site, suggesting FN plays a key role in T cell interstitial migration. In mechanistic studies, pUR4 incubation with FN in vitro resulted in enhanced tethering of T cells to FN matrix, limiting productive migration. In vivo, such tethering led to increased Th1 accumulation in the inflamed dermis. Enhanced Th1 accumulation exacerbated inflammation with increased Th1 activation and IFNγ cytokine production. Thus, our studies highlight the importance of ECM FN fibrils for T cell migration in inflamed tissues and suggest that manipulating local levels of ECM FN may prove beneficial in promoting T cell accumulation in tissues and enhancing local immunity to infection or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka R. J. Fernandes
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Reilly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dillon C. Schrock
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Patrick W. Oakes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah J. Fowell
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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7
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A Matricryptic Conformation of the Integrin-Binding Domain of Fibronectin Regulates Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Intracellular Calcium Release. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111351. [PMID: 31671632 PMCID: PMC6912537 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is dysregulated in a wide variety of diseases, making PDGF an attractive therapeutic target. However, PDGF also affects numerous signaling cascades essential for tissue homeostasis, limiting the development of PDGF-based therapies that lack adverse side-effects. Recent studies showed that fibroblast-mediated assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin fibrils attenuates PDGF-induced intracellular calcium release by selectively inhibiting phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation while leaving other PDGF-mediated signaling cascades intact. In the present study, a series of recombinant fibronectin-derived fusion proteins were used to localize the sequences in fibronectin that are responsible for this inhibition. Results demonstrate that attenuation of PDGF-induced intracellular calcium release by the fibronectin matrix mimetic, FNIII1H,8-10 requires α5β1 integrin ligation, but is not dependent upon the matricryptic, heparin-binding site of FNIII1. Intact cell-binding fibronectin fragments were also unable to attenuate PDGF-induced intracellular calcium release. In contrast, a novel integrin-binding fragment that adopts an extended and aligned conformational state, inhibited both PI3K activation and intracellular calcium release in response to PDGF. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that attenuation of PDGF-induced intracellular calcium release by fibronectin is mediated by a novel conformation of the α5β1 integrin-binding, FNIII9-10 modules, that is expressed by fibrillar fibronectin.
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8
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Prasad A, Lin F, Clark RAF. Fibronectin-derived Epiviosamines enhance PDGF-BB-stimulated human dermal fibroblast migration in vitro and granulation tissue formation in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:634-649. [PMID: 31219655 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a multimodular glycoprotein that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) anlage during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair. Our laboratory has previously described a family of FN-derived peptides collectively called "epiviosamines" that enhance platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-driven tissue cell survival, speed burn healing, and reduce scarring. In this study, we used an agarose drop outmigration assay to report that epiviosamines can enhance PDGF-BB-stimulated adult human dermal fibroblast (AHDF) outmigration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these peptides can, when delivered topically, stimulate granulation tissue formation in vivo. A thiol-derivatized hyaluronan hydrogel cross-linked with polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was used to topically deliver a cyclized epiviosamine: cP12 and a cyclized engineered variant of cP12 termed cNP8 to porcine, full-thickness, excisional wounds. Both cP12 and cNP8 exhibited dose-dependent increases in granulation tissue formation at day 4, with 600 μM cNP8 significantly enhancing new granulation tissue compared to vehicle alone. In contrast to previous studies, this study suggests that epiviosamines can be used to increase granulation tissue formation without an exogenous supply of PDGF-BB or any cell-binding peptides. Thus, epiviosamine may be useful topically to increase granulation tissue formation in acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atulya Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,NeoMatrix Therapeutics, Inc., 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York, 11790
| | - Fubao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,NeoMatrix Therapeutics, Inc., 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York, 11790
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,Department of Dermatology, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,Department of Medicine, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165
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9
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Cancer invasion into musculature: Mechanics, molecules and implications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:36-45. [PMID: 30009945 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor invasion along structural interphases of surrounding tumor-free tissue represents a key process during tumor progression. Much attention has been devoted to mechanisms of tumor cell migration within extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich connective tissue, however a comprehensive understanding of tumor invasion into tissue of higher structural complexity, such as muscle tissue, is lacking. Muscle invasion in cancer patients is often associated with destructive growth and worsened prognosis. Here, we review biochemical, geometrical and mechanical cues of smooth and skeletal muscle tissues and their relevance for guided invasion of cancer cells. As integrating concept, muscle-organizing ECM-rich surfaces of the epi-, peri- and endomysium provide cleft-like confined spaces along interfaces between dynamic muscle cells, which provide molecular and physical cues that guide migrating cancer cells, forming a possible contribution to cancer progression.
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10
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Frame MD, Lin F, Dewar AM, Clark RAF. Vasoactive effect of fibronectin-derived epiviosamine-1 and related peptides in quiescent and stress models. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28296053 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following thermal burn injury, plasma fibronectin degrades within the interstitium; one possible product is EVA-1, PSHISKYILRWRPK found within the FNIII1 . EVA-1 ameliorates thermal burn injury progression, and binds to and enhances PDGF-BB in promoting cell metabolism, growth and survival; shorter related peptides lose these abilities. Here we study the effect of EVA-1 and shorter peptides for their vasoactivity under quiescent and stress conditions. METHODS Using the hamster cheek pouch intravital microscopy model, five EVA-1 related peptides were applied to small arterioles via micropipette (10-16 -10-4 mol L-1 ) in quiescent tissue and after defined stress: nitric oxide or heat. RESULTS Peak dilation occurred with nanomolar doses (longer peptides) or below (shorter peptides), blocked by propranolol (beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist). Micromolar doses of the same peptides induced only constriction, not antagonized by phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist). Scrambled variants of two peptides yielded only constriction, suggesting constriction might be due peptide charge. Each stressor caused a left shift in dilation response, blocked by carazolol. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this important region of FNIII1 contains sequences that have a gradation of biological functions dependent on the length of the peptide sequence, with increased efficacy for dilation following stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Frame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fubao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anthony M Dewar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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11
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Turner CJ, Badu-Nkansah K, Hynes RO. Endothelium-derived fibronectin regulates neonatal vascular morphogenesis in an autocrine fashion. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:519-531. [PMID: 28667352 PMCID: PMC5660148 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin containing alternatively spliced EIIIA and EIIIB domains is largely absent from mature quiescent vessels in adults, but is highly expressed around blood vessels during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The precise functions of fibronectin and its splice variants during developmental angiogenesis however remain unclear due to the presence of cardiac, somitic, mesodermal and neural defects in existing global fibronectin KO mouse models. Using a rare family of surviving EIIIA EIIIB double KO mice, as well as inducible endothelial-specific fibronectin-deficient mutant mice, we show that vascular development in the neonatal retina is regulated in an autocrine manner by endothelium-derived fibronectin, and requires both EIIIA and EIIIB domains and the RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins for its function. Exogenous sources of fibronectin do not fully substitute for the autocrine function of endothelial fibronectin, demonstrating that fibronectins from different sources contribute differentially to specific aspects of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Turner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Kwabena Badu-Nkansah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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12
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Hong KS, Kim K. Skeletal muscle contraction-induced vasodilation in the microcirculation. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:502-507. [PMID: 29114523 PMCID: PMC5667595 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735114.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximal whole body exercise leads skeletal muscle blood flow to markedly increase to match metabolic demands, a phenomenon termed exercise hyperaemia that is accomplished by increasing vasodilation. However, local vasodilatory mechanisms in response to skeletal muscle contraction remain uncertain. This review highlights metabolic vasodilators released from contracting skeletal muscle, endothelium, or blood cells. As a considerable skeletal muscle vasodilation potentially results in hypotension, sympathetic nerve activity needs to be augmented to elevate cardiac output and blood pressure during dynamic exercise. However, since the enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction restrains skeletal muscle blood flow, intramuscular arteries have an indispensable ability to blunt sympathetic activity for exercise hyperaemia. In addition, we discuss that mechanical compression of the intramuscular vasculature contributes to causing the initial phase of increasing vasodilation following a single muscle contraction. We have also chosen to focus on conducted (or ascending) electrical signals that evoke vasodilation of proximal feed arteries to elevate blood flow in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle. Endothelial hyperpolarization originating within distal arterioles ascends into the proximal feed arteries, thereby increasing total blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle. This brief review summarizes molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow to a single or sustained muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kijeong Kim
- School of Exercise & Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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13
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Mortimer GM, Minchin RF. Cryptic epitopes and functional diversity in extracellular proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Hocking DC, Brennan JR, Raeman CH. A Small Chimeric Fibronectin Fragment Accelerates Dermal Wound Repair in Diabetic Mice. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:495-506. [PMID: 27867754 PMCID: PMC5105350 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: During wound repair, soluble fibronectin is converted into biologically active, insoluble fibrils via a cell-mediated process. This fibrillar, extracellular matrix (ECM) form of fibronectin stimulates cell processes critical to tissue repair. Nonhealing wounds show reduced levels of ECM fibronectin fibrils. The objective of this study was to produce a small, recombinant wound supplement with the biological activity of insoluble fibronectin fibrils. Approach: A chimeric fibronectin fragment was produced by inserting the integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) loop from the tenth type III repeat of fibronectin (FNIII10) into the analogous site within the heparin-binding, bioactive fragment of the first type III repeat (FNIII1H). FNIII1HRGD was tested for its ability to support cell functions necessary for wound healing, and then evaluated for its capacity to accelerate healing of full-thickness dermal wounds in diabetic mice. Results:In vitro, FNIII1HRGD supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and ECM fibronectin deposition. Application of FNIII1HRGD to dermal wounds of diabetic mice significantly enhanced wound closure compared with controls (73.9% ±4.1% vs. 58.1% ±4.7% closure on day 9, respectively), and significantly increased granulation tissue thickness (2.88 ± 0.75-fold increase over controls on day 14). Innovation: Recombinant proteins designed to functionally mimic the ECM form of fibronectin provide a novel therapeutic approach to circumvent diminished fibronectin fibril formation by delivering ECM fibronectin signals in a soluble form to chronic wounds. Conclusion: A small, chimeric fibronectin protein was developed. FNIII1HRGD demonstrated enhanced bioactivity in vitro and stimulated wound repair in a murine model of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - James R. Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Carol H. Raeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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15
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Okech W, Abberton KM, Kuebel JM, Hocking DC, Sarelius IH. Extracellular matrix fibronectin mediates an endothelial cell response to shear stress via the heparin-binding, matricryptic RWRPK sequence of FNIII1H. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1063-H1071. [PMID: 27521419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00126.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) respond to mechanical forces such as shear stress in a variety of ways, one of which is cytoskeletal realignment in the direction of flow. Our earlier studies implicated the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in mechanosensory signaling to ECs in intact arterioles, via a signaling pathway dependent on the heparin-binding region of the first type III repeat of fibrillar fibronectin (FNIII1H). Here we test the hypothesis that FNIII1H is required for EC stress fiber realignment under flow. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) exposed to defined flow conditions were used as a well-characterized model of this stress fiber alignment response. Our results directly implicate FNIII1H in realignment of stress fibers in HUVECs and, importantly, show that the matricryptic heparin-binding RWRPK sequence located in FNIII1 is required for the response. Furthermore, we show that flow-mediated stress fiber realignment in ECs adhered via α5β1-integrin-specific ligands does not occur in the absence of FHIII1H, whereas, in contrast, αvβ3-integrin-mediated stress fiber realignment under flow does not require FNIII1H. Our findings thus indicate that there are two separate mechanosignaling pathways mediating the alignment of stress fibers after exposure of ECs to flow, one dependent on αvβ3-integrins and one dependent on FNIII1H. This study strongly supports the conclusion that the RWRPK region of FNIII1H may have broad capability as a mechanosensory signaling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Okech
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Keren M Abberton
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Julia M Kuebel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Ingrid H Sarelius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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16
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The fibronectin III-1 domain activates a PI3-Kinase/Akt signaling pathway leading to αvβ5 integrin activation and TRAIL resistance in human lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:574. [PMID: 27484721 PMCID: PMC4970220 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibronectin is a mechanically sensitive protein which is organized in the extracellular matrix as a network of interacting fibrils. The lung tumor stroma is enriched for fibronectin which is thought to contribute to metastasis and drug resistance. Fibronectin is an elastic, multi-modular protein made up of individually folded domains, some of which can stretch in response to increased mechanical tension. Very little is known about the relationship of fibronectin’s unfolded domains to lung cancer resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of unfolding the first Type III domain of fibronectin (FnIII-1c) on TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance. Methods NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated with FnIII-1c then assessed for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Subsequent analysis of FnIII-1c-mediated signaling pathways was also completed. Human non-small cell lung cancer tissue sections were assessed for the expression of vitronectin by immunohistochemistry. Results FnIII-1c inhibited TRAIL-induced activation of caspase 8 and subsequent apoptosis in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. FnIII-1c treatment was associated with the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/alpha serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway and the αvβ5 integrin receptor for vitronectin, both of which were required for TRAIL resistance. Immunohistochemical staining of sections from non-small cell lung cancers showed that vitronectin was localized around blood vessels and in the tumor-stroma interface. Conclusions Unfolding of Type III domains within the fibronectin matrix may promote TRAIL resistance through the activation of a PI3K/Akt/αvβ5 signaling axis and point to a novel mechanism by which changes in secondary structure of fibronectin contribute to cancer cell resistance to apoptosis.
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17
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Petriz BA, Gomes CPC, Almeida JA, de Oliveira GP, Ribeiro FM, Pereira RW, Franco OL. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Proteome. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:257-269. [PMID: 27381298 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plasticity and its adaptation to exercise is a topic that is widely discussed and investigated due to its primary role in the field of exercise performance and health promotion. Repetitive muscle contraction through exercise stimuli leads to improved cardiovascular output and the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity. Considerable improvements in proteomic tools and data analysis have broth some new perspectives in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation in response to physical activity. In this sense, this review updates the main relevant studies concerning muscle proteome adaptation to acute and chronic exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, as well as the proteomic profile of natural inbred high running capacity animal models. Also, some promising prospects in the muscle secretome field are presented, in order to better understand the role of physical activity in the release of extracellular microvesicles and myokines activity. Thus, the present review aims to update the fast-growing exercise-proteomic scenario, leading to some new perspectives about the molecular events under skeletal muscle plasticity in response to physical activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 257-269, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.,S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Cat ólica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Getulio P de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular-Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Filipe M Ribeiro
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Cat ólica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.,Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de P os-Graduacão em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat ólica de Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brasil
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18
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Eisa E. Cellular fibronectin response to supervised moderate aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1092-9. [PMID: 27190433 PMCID: PMC4868193 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Physical activity is one of the most pivotal targets for the prevention and
management of vascular complications, especially endothelial dysfunctions. Cellular
fibronectin is an endothelium-derived protein involved in subendothelial matrix assembly.
Its plasma levels reflect matrix alterations and vessel wall destruction in patients with
type II diabetes. This study investigated the influence of 12 weeks of supervised aerobic
training on cellular fibronectin and its relationship with insulin resistance and body
weight in type II diabetic subjects. [Subjects and Methods] This study included 50 men
with type II diabetes who had a mean age of 48.8 ± 14.6 years and were randomly divided
into two groups: an aerobic exercise group (12 weeks, three 50 minutes sessions per week)
and control group. To examine changes in cellular fibronectin, glycosylated hemoglobin,
insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile, 5 ml of blood
was taken from the brachial vein of patients before and 48 hours after completion of the
exercise period and after 12 hours of fasting at rest. Data analysis was performed using
the SPSS-16 software with the independent and paired t-tests. [Results] A significant
decrease was observed in body mass index and body fat percentage in the experimental
group. Compared with the control group, the aerobic exercise group showed a significant
decrease in cellular fibronectin, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, fasting
insulin, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. The
change in cellular fibronectin showed positive significant correlation with body mass
index, diabetic biomarkers, and physical activity level. [Conclusion] The results showed
that supervised aerobic exercise as a stimulus can change the levels of cellular
fibronectin as matrix metalloproteinase protein a long with improvement of insulin
sensitivity and glycosylated hemoglobin in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases in men
with diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Einas Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
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19
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Brennan JR, Hocking DC. Cooperative effects of fibronectin matrix assembly and initial cell-substrate adhesion strength in cellular self-assembly. Acta Biomater 2016; 32:198-209. [PMID: 26712598 PMCID: PMC4754160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell-dependent polymerization of intercellular fibronectin fibrils can stimulate cells to self-assemble into multicellular structures. The local physical cues that support fibronectin-mediated cellular self-assembly are largely unknown. Here, fibronectin matrix analogs were used as synthetic adhesive substrates to model cell-matrix fibronectin fibrils having different integrin-binding specificity, affinity, and/or density. We utilized this model to quantitatively assess the relationship between adhesive forces derived from cell-substrate interactions and the ability of fibronectin fibril assembly to induce cellular self-assembly. Results indicate that the strength of initial, rather than mature, cell-substrate attachments correlates with the ability of substrates to support fibronectin-mediated cellular self-assembly. The cellular response to soluble fibronectin was bimodal and independent of the integrin-binding specificity of the substrate; increasing soluble fibronectin levels above a critical threshold increased aggregate cohesion on permissive substrates. Once aggregates formed, continuous fibronectin polymerization was necessary to maintain cohesion. During self-assembly, soluble fibronectin decreased cell-substrate adhesion strength and induced aggregate cohesion via a Rho-dependent mechanism, suggesting that the balance of contractile forces derived from fibronectin fibrils within cell-cell versus cell-substrate adhesions controls self-assembly and aggregate cohesion. Thus, initial cell-substrate attachment strength may provide a quantitative basis with which to build predictive models of fibronectin-mediated microtissue fabrication on a variety of substrates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cellular self-assembly is a process by which cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins spontaneously organize into three-dimensional (3D) tissues in the absence of external forces. Cellular self-assembly can be initiated in vitro, and represents a potential tool for tissue engineers to organize cells into modular building blocks for artificial tissue fabrication. Fibronectin is an ECM protein that plays a key role in tissue formation during embryonic development. Additionally, the cell-mediated process of converting soluble fibronectin into insoluble, ECM-associated fibrils has been shown to initiate cellular self-assembly in vitro. In this study, we examine the relationship between the strength of cell-substrate adhesions and the ability of fibronectin fibril assembly to induce cellular self-assembly. Our results indicate that substrate composition and density play cooperative roles with cell-mediated fibronectin matrix assembly to control the transition of cells from 2D monolayers into 3D multicellular aggregates. Results of this study provide a quantitative approach to build predictive models of cellular self-assembly, as well as a simple cell-culture platform to produce biomimetic units for modular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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20
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Sarelius IH, Titus PA, Maimon N, Okech W, Wilke-Mounts SJ, Brennan JR, Hocking DC. Extracellular matrix fibronectin initiates endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilatation via the heparin-binding, matricryptic RWRPK sequence of the first type III repeat of fibrillar fibronectin. J Physiol 2016; 594:687-97. [PMID: 26661689 DOI: 10.1113/jp271478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The local arteriolar dilatation produced by contraction of skeletal muscle is dependent upon multiple signalling mechanisms. In addition to the many metabolic signals that mediate this vasodilatation, we show here that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin also contributes to the response. This vasodilatory signal requires the heparin-binding matricryptic RWRPK sequence in the first type III repeat of fibrillar fibronectin. The fibronectin-dependent component of the integrated muscle contraction-dependent arteriolar vasodilatation is coupled through an endothelial cell-dependent signalling pathway. Recent studies in contracting skeletal muscle have shown that functional vasodilatation in resistance arterioles has an endothelial cell (EC)-dependent component, and, separately have shown that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) contributes to functional dilatation in these arterioles. Here we test the hypotheses that (i) the matricryptic heparin-binding region of the first type III repeat of fibrillar FN (FNIII1H) mediates vasodilatation, and (ii) this response is EC dependent. Engineered FN fragments with differing (defined) heparin- and integrin-binding capacities were applied directly to resistance arterioles in cremaster muscles of anaesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 65 mg kg(-1)) mice. Both FNIII1H,8-10 and FNIII1H induced dilatations (12.2 ± 1.7 μm, n = 12 and 17.2 ± 2.4 μm, n = 14, respectively) whereas mutation of the active sequence (R(613) WRPK) of the heparin binding region significantly diminished the dilatation (3.2 ± 1.8 μm, n = 10). Contraction of skeletal muscle fibres via electrical field stimulation produced a vasodilatation (19.4 ± 1.2 μm, n = 12) that was significantly decreased (to 7.0 ± 2.7 μm, n = 7, P < 0.05) in the presence of FNIII1Peptide 6, which blocks extracellular matrix (ECM) FN and FNIII1H signalling. Furthermore, FNIII1H,8-10 and FNIII1H applied to EC-denuded arterioles failed to produce any dilatation indicating that endothelium was required for the response. Finally, FNIII1H significantly increased EC Ca(2+) (relative fluorescence 0.98 ± 0.02 in controls versus 1.12 ± 0.05, n = 17, P < 0.05). Thus, we conclude that ECM FN-dependent vasodilatation is mediated by the heparin-binding (RWRPK) sequence of FNIII1 in an EC-dependent manner. Importantly, blocking this signalling sequence decreased the dilatation to skeletal muscle contraction, indicating that there is a physiological role for this FN-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Titus
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nir Maimon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - William Okech
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan J Wilke-Mounts
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James R Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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21
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Abstract
Aerobic exercise training leads to cardiovascular changes that markedly increase aerobic power and lead to improved endurance performance. The functionally most important adaptation is the improvement in maximal cardiac output which is the result of an enlargement in cardiac dimension, improved contractility, and an increase in blood volume, allowing for greater filling of the ventricles and a consequent larger stroke volume. In parallel with the greater maximal cardiac output, the perfusion capacity of the muscle is increased, permitting for greater oxygen delivery. To accommodate the higher aerobic demands and perfusion levels, arteries, arterioles, and capillaries adapt in structure and number. The diameters of the larger conduit and resistance arteries are increased minimizing resistance to flow as the cardiac output is distributed in the body and the wall thickness of the conduit and resistance arteries is reduced, a factor contributing to increased arterial compliance. Endurance training may also induce alterations in the vasodilator capacity, although such adaptations are more pronounced in individuals with reduced vascular function. The microvascular net increases in size within the muscle allowing for an improved capacity for oxygen extraction by the muscle through a greater area for diffusion, a shorter diffusion distance, and a longer mean transit time for the erythrocyte to pass through the smallest blood vessels. The present article addresses the effect of endurance training on systemic and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations with a focus on humans, but also covers animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Murrant CL, Sarelius IH. Local control of blood flow during active hyperaemia: what kinds of integration are important? J Physiol 2015; 593:4699-711. [PMID: 26314391 DOI: 10.1113/jp270205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is on local mechanisms modifying arteriolar resistance to match blood flow to metabolism. In skeletal muscle many local mediators are known, including K(+) , nitric oxide (NO), purines and prostaglandins. Each accounts for about 30% of the response; it is widely held that these act redundantly: this concept awaits systematic testing. Understanding signal integration also requires consideration of microvascular network morphology in relation to local communication pathways between endothelial and smooth muscle cells (which are critical for many local responses, including dilatation to skeletal muscle contraction) and in relation to the spread of vasodilator signals up- and downstream throughout the network. Mechanisms mediating the spread of dilatation from local to remote sites have been well studied using acetylcholine (ACh), but remote dilatations to contraction of skeletal muscle fibres also occur. Importantly, these mechanisms clearly differ from those initiated by ACh, but much remains undefined. Furthermore, capillaries contribute to metabolic dilatation as they dilate arterioles directly upstream in response to vasoactive agents or contraction of adjacent muscle fibres. Given the dispersed arrangement of motor units, precise matching of flow to metabolism is not attainable unless signals are initiated only by 'active' capillaries. As motor units are recruited, signals that direct blood flow towards these active fibres will eventually be supported by local and spreading responses in the arterioles associated with those fibres. Thus, mechanisms of integration of vasodilator signalling across elements of the microvasculature remain an important area of focus for new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral L Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid H Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Wang K, Seo BR, Fischbach C, Gourdon D. Fibronectin Mechanobiology Regulates Tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26900407 PMCID: PMC4746220 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) is an essential extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The structure–function relationship of Fn has been and is still being studied, as changes in its molecular structure are integral in regulating (or dysregulating) its biological activities via its cell, matrix component, and growth factor binding sites. Fn comprises three types of repeating modules; among them, FnIII modules are mechanically unstable domains that may be extended/unfolded upon cell traction and either uncover cryptic binding sites or disrupt otherwise exposed binding sites. Cells assemble Fn into a fibrillar network; its conformational flexibility implicates Fn as a critical mechanoregulator of the ECM. Fn has been shown to contribute to altered stroma remodeling during tumorigenesis. This review will discuss (i) the significance of the structure–function relationship of Fn at both the molecular and the matrix scales, (ii) the role of Fn mechanobiology in the regulation of tumorigenesis, and (iii) Fn-related advances in cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 327 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 327 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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24
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Kubow KE, Vukmirovic R, Zhe L, Klotzsch E, Smith ML, Gourdon D, Luna S, Vogel V. Mechanical forces regulate the interactions of fibronectin and collagen I in extracellular matrix. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8026. [PMID: 26272817 PMCID: PMC4539566 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in directing cell fate in healthy and diseased tissues--particularly in development, wound healing, tissue regeneration and cancer--the mechanisms that direct the assembly and regulate hierarchical architectures of ECM are poorly understood. Collagen I matrix assembly in vivo requires active fibronectin (Fn) fibrillogenesis by cells. Here we exploit Fn-FRET probes as mechanical strain sensors and demonstrate that collagen I fibres preferentially co-localize with more-relaxed Fn fibrils in the ECM of fibroblasts in cell culture. Fibre stretch-assay studies reveal that collagen I's Fn-binding domain is responsible for the mechano-regulated interaction. Furthermore, we show that Fn-collagen interactions are reciprocal: relaxed Fn fibrils act as multivalent templates for collagen assembly, but once assembled, collagen fibres shield Fn fibres from being stretched by cellular traction forces. Thus, in addition to the well-recognized, force-regulated, cell-matrix interactions, forces also tune the interactions between different structural ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher E. Kubow
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Radmila Vukmirovic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Zhe
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Vascular Research, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sheila Luna
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Maurer E, Schaff M, Receveur N, Bourdon C, Mercier L, Nieswandt B, Dubois C, Jandrot-Perrus M, Goetz JG, Lanza F, Gachet C, Mangin PH. Fibrillar cellular fibronectin supports efficient platelet aggregation and procoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1175-88. [PMID: 26245230 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cellular fibronectin, found in the vessel wall in a fibrillar conformation, to regulate platelet functions and trigger thrombus formation remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated how parietal cellular fibronectin can modulate platelet responses under flow conditions. A fibrillar network was formed by mechanically stretching immobilised dimeric cellular fibronectin. Perfusion of anticoagulated whole blood over this surface resulted in efficient platelet adhesion and thrombus growth. The initial steps of platelet adhesion and activation, as evidenced by filopodia extension and an increase in intracellular calcium levels (419 ± 29 nmol/l), were dependent on integrins α5β1 and αIIbβ3. Subsequent thrombus growth was mediated by these integrins together with the GPIb-V-IX complex, GPVI and Toll-like receptor 4. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 could be conveyed via its binding to the EDA region of cellular fibronectin. Upon thrombus formation, the platelets became procoagulant and generated fibrin as revealed by video-microscopy. This work provides evidence that fibrillar cellular fibronectin is a strong thrombogenic surface which supports efficient platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation and procoagulant activity through the interplay of a series of receptors including integrins α5β1 and αIIbβ3, the GPIb-V-IX complex, GPVI and Toll-like receptor 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre H Mangin
- Pierre H. Mangin, UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), 10, rue Spielmann, BP 36, F-67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France, Tel.: +33 3 88 21 25 25, Fax: +33 3 88 21 25 21, E-mail:
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Sawicka KM, Seeliger M, Musaev T, Macri LK, Clark RA. Fibronectin Interaction and Enhancement of Growth Factors: Importance for Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:469-478. [PMID: 26244103 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: This critical review focuses on interactions between cells, fibronectin (FN), and growth factors (GF). Recent Advances: Initially, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was thought to serve simply as a reservoir for GFs that would be released as soluble ligands during proteolytic degradation of ECM. This view was rather quickly extended by the observation that ECM could concentrate GFs to the pericellular matrix for more efficient presentation to cell surface receptors. However, recent reports support much more complex interactions among GFs and ECM molecules, particularly FN, and the way these interactions can fine-tune cell responses to the microenvironment. Critical Issues: Wounds that are unable to synthesize and sustain a functional ECM cannot optimally benefit from endogenous or exogenous GFs. Therefore, GF treatments have recently focused on utilizing ECM molecules as delivery vehicles. Thus, ECM can influence GF stability and activity, and GFs can modulate the ECM activity. Hence, both individually and together, ECM and GFs modulate cells that in turn control the type and level of GFs and ECM in the pericellular environment that ultimately results in new tissue generation. Although many ECM components are important for optimal tissue regeneration and wound healing, FN stands out as absolutely critical not only for wound healing and tissue regeneration but also for embryogenesis and morphogenesis. Future Directions: Understanding ECM/GF interactions will greatly facilitate our understanding of normal wound repair and regeneration, the failure of wounds to heal, and how the latter can be salvaged with proper ECM/GF combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M. Sawicka
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Markus Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Tagai Musaev
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Lauren K. Macri
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Richard A.F. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Kelsh R, You R, Horzempa C, Zheng M, McKeown-Longo PJ. Regulation of the innate immune response by fibronectin: synergism between the III-1 and EDA domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102974. [PMID: 25051083 PMCID: PMC4106844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a critical component of the extracellular matrix and alterations to its structure will influence cellular behavior. Matrix fibronectin is subjected to both mechanical and biochemical regulation. The Type III domains of fibronectin can be unfolded in response to increased cellular contractility, included or excluded from the molecule by alternative splicing mechanisms, or released from the matrix by proteolysis. Using Inflammatory Cytokine microarrays we found that the alternatively spliced fibronectin Type III domain, FnEDA, and the partially unfolded III-1 domain, FnIII-1c, induced the expression of a multitude of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts, most notably CXCL1-3, IL-8 and TNF-α. FnIII-1c, a peptide representing an unfolded intermediate structure of the first Type III domain has been shown to initiate the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-NFκB-dependent release of cytokines from human dermal fibroblasts (You, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2010). Here we demonstrate that FnIII-1c and the alternatively spliced FnEDA domain induce a TLR4 dependent activation of p38 MAP kinase and its downstream effector, MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK-2), to regulate cytokine expression in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the p38-MK-2 pathway regulates IL-8 mRNA stability. Interestingly, addition of FnIII-1c and FnEDA synergistically enhanced TLR4-dependent IL-8 release. These data indicate that Fn contains two Type III domains which can activate TLR signaling to induce an inflammatory response in fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data identifies the NF-κB and p38/MK2 signaling pathways as transducers of signals initiated in response to structural changes in fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Kelsh
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ran You
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingzhe Zheng
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leppert PC, Jayes FL, Segars JH. The extracellular matrix contributes to mechanotransduction in uterine fibroids. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014:783289. [PMID: 25110476 PMCID: PMC4106177 DOI: 10.1155/2014/783289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mechanotransduction as an important signaling factor in the human uterus is just beginning to be appreciated. The ECM is not only the substance that surrounds cells, but ECM stiffness will either compress cells or stretch them resulting in signals converted into chemical changes within the cell, depending on the amount of collagen, cross-linking, and hydration, as well as other ECM components. In this review we present evidence that the stiffness of fibroid tissue has a direct effect on the growth of the tumor through the induction of fibrosis. Fibrosis has two characteristics: (1) resistance to apoptosis leading to the persistence of cells and (2) secretion of collagen and other components of the ECM such a proteoglycans by those cells leading to abundant disposition of highly cross-linked, disoriented, and often widely dispersed collagen fibrils. Fibrosis affects cell growth by mechanotransduction, the dynamic signaling system whereby mechanical forces initiate chemical signaling in cells. Data indicate that the structurally disordered and abnormally formed ECM of uterine fibroids contributes to fibroid formation and growth. An appreciation of the critical role of ECM stiffness to fibroid growth may lead to new strategies for treatment of this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H. Segars
- Unit on Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Program on Pediatric and Adult Endocrinology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA
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29
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Extracellular matrix as an inductive scaffold for functional tissue reconstruction. Transl Res 2014; 163:268-85. [PMID: 24291155 PMCID: PMC4203714 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a meshwork of both structural and functional proteins assembled in unique tissue-specific architectures. The ECM both provides the mechanical framework for each tissue and organ and is a substrate for cell signaling. The ECM is highly dynamic, and cells both receive signals from the ECM and contribute to its content and organization. This process of "dynamic reciprocity" is key to tissue development and for homeostasis. Based upon these important functions, ECM-based materials have been used in a wide variety of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches to tissue reconstruction. It has been demonstrated that ECM-based materials, when appropriately prepared, can act as inductive templates for constructive remodeling. Specifically, such materials act as templates for the induction of de novo functional, site-appropriate, tissue formation. Herein, the diverse structural and functional roles of the ECM are reviewed to provide a rationale for the use of ECM scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Translational examples of ECM scaffolds in regenerative are provided, and the potential mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds elicit constructive remodeling are discussed. A better understanding of the ability of ECM scaffold materials to define the microenvironment of the injury site will lead to improved clinical outcomes associated with their use.
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Lin F, Zhu J, Tonnesen MG, Taira BR, McClain SA, Singer AJ, Clark RAF. Fibronectin peptides that bind PDGF-BB enhance survival of cells and tissue under stress. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1119-1127. [PMID: 24126844 PMCID: PMC3961564 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stressors after injury from a multitude of factors can lead to cell death. We have identified four fibronectin (FN) peptides: two from the first FN type III repeat (FNIII1), one from the 13th FN type III repeat (FNIII13), and one from FN variable region (IIICS), which when tethered to a surface acted as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) enhancers to promote cell survival. One of the FNIII1 peptides and its smallest (14-mer) bioactive form (P12) were also active in solution. Specifically, P12 bound PDGF-BB (KD=200 nM), enhanced adult human dermal fibroblast (AHDF) survival under serum starvation, oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stressors, and limited burn-injury progression in a rat hot comb model. Furthermore, P12 inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Although many growth factors have been found to bind FN directly or indirectly, here we identify peptide sequences of growth factor-binding sites in FN. The finding of these peptides further delineated how the extracellular matrix protein FN can support cell survival. As the peptide P12 is active in either soluble form or tethered to a substrate, it will have multifactorial uses as a bioactive peptide by itself or in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Marcia G Tonnesen
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | | | - Steve A McClain
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Adam J Singer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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Opposing effects of collagen I and vitronectin on fibronectin fibril structure and function. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:33-45. [PMID: 24509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils serve as passive structural supports for the organization of cells into tissues, yet can also actively stimulate a variety of cell and tissue functions, including cell proliferation. Factors that control and coordinate the functional activities of fibronectin fibrils are not known. Here, we compared effects of cell adhesion to vitronectin versus type I collagen on the assembly of and response to, extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils. The amount of insoluble fibronectin matrix fibrils assembled by fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts adherent to collagen- or vitronectin-coated substrates was not significantly different 20 h after fibronectin addition. However, the fibronectin matrix produced by vitronectin-adherent cells was ~10-fold less effective at enhancing cell proliferation than that of collagen-adherent cells. Increasing insoluble fibronectin levels with the fibronectin fragment, anastellin did not increase cell proliferation. Rather, native fibronectin fibrils polymerized by collagen- and vitronectin-adherent cells exhibited conformational differences in the growth-promoting, III-1 region of fibronectin, with collagen-adherent cells producing fibronectin fibrils in a more extended conformation. Fibronectin matrix assembly on either substrate was mediated by α5β1 integrins. However, on vitronectin-adherent cells, α5β1 integrins functioned in a lower activation state, characterized by reduced 9EG7 binding and decreased talin association. The inhibitory effect of vitronectin on fibronectin-mediated cell proliferation was localized to the cell-binding domain, but was not a general property of αvβ3 integrin-binding substrates. These data suggest that adhesion to vitronectin allows for the uncoupling of fibronectin fibril formation from downstream signaling events by reducing α5β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibril extension.
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32
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Snoeck O, Lefèvre P, Sprio E, Beslay R, Feipel V, Rooze M, Van Sint Jan S. The lacertus fibrosus of the biceps brachii muscle: an anatomical study. Surg Radiol Anat 2014; 36:713-9. [PMID: 24414231 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lacertus fibrosus (LF) is involved in various surgical procedures. However, the anatomy, morphometry, topography and biomechanical involvements of LF are not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and morphometric variations of LF, and to correlate this with anthropometric and morphometric measurements of the upper limb. Furthermore, the presence or absence of a deep layer of LF was verified using forearm cross-sections and dissections. METHODS This anatomical study was performed by observation of dissections and transverse sections obtained from 50 cadavers. Morphometric analyses [length and width of LF and biceps tendon, stature, length of upper limb, forearm, bi-epicondylar width, forearm perimeter, biceps brachii muscle perimeter (BBm)] were also performed. RESULTS The results demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between LF morphology and morphometric upper limb measurements. The deep layer of LF was observed in all specimens. CONCLUSION Results of this paper indicate that the LF presents individual characteristics such as length and width. The deeper layer of LF was observed on all specimens. The possible role of LF in force transmission during flexion, BBm moment arm adjustment and supination reduction is discussed in view of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Snoeck
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium,
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Fontes-Oliveira CC, Busquets S, Fuster G, Ametller E, Figueras M, Olivan M, Toledo M, López-Soriano FJ, Qu X, Demuth J, Stevens P, Varbanov A, Wang F, Isfort RJ, Argilés JM. A differential pattern of gene expression in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats reveals dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling together with additional muscle alterations. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:233-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibely Cristine Fontes-Oliveira
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Elisabet Ametller
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Maite Figueras
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Francisco J. López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Jeffrey Demuth
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Paula Stevens
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Alex Varbanov
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Robert J. Isfort
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Sevilla CA, Dalecki D, Hocking DC. Regional fibronectin and collagen fibril co-assembly directs cell proliferation and microtissue morphology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77316. [PMID: 24116223 PMCID: PMC3792918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin stimulates cells to self-assemble into three-dimensional multicellular structures by a mechanism that requires the cell-dependent conversion of soluble fibronectin molecules into insoluble fibrils. Fibronectin also binds to collagen type I and mediates the co-assembly of collagen fibrils into the extracellular matrix. Here, the role of collagen-fibronectin binding in fibronectin-induced cellular self-assembly was investigated using fibronectin-null fibroblasts in an in vitro model of tissue formation. High resolution, two-photon immunofluorescence microscopy was combined with second harmonic generation imaging to examine spatial and temporal relationships among fibronectin and collagen fibrils, actin organization, cell proliferation, and microtissue morphology. Time course studies coupled with simultaneous 4-channel multiphoton imaging identified regional differences in fibronectin fibril conformation, collagen fibril remodeling, actin organization, and cell proliferation during three-dimensional cellular self-assembly. Regional differences in cell proliferation and fibronectin structure were dependent on both soluble fibronectin concentration and fibronectin-collagen interactions. Fibronectin-collagen binding was not necessary for either fibronectin matrix formation or intercellular cohesion. However, inhibiting fibronectin binding to collagen reduced collagen fibril remodeling, decreased fibronectin fibril extension, blocked fibronectin-induced cell proliferation, and altered microtissue morphology. Furthermore, continual fibronectin-collagen binding was necessary to maintain both cell proliferation and microtissue morphology. Collectively, these data suggest that the complex changes in extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal remodeling that mediate tissue assembly are driven, in part, by regional variations in cell-mediated fibronectin-collagen co-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Sevilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Roy DC, Mooney NA, Raeman CH, Dalecki D, Hocking DC. Fibronectin matrix mimetics promote full-thickness wound repair in diabetic mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2517-26. [PMID: 23808793 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During tissue repair, fibronectin is converted from a soluble, inactive form into biologically active extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils through a cell-dependent process. ECM fibronectin promotes numerous cell processes that are critical to tissue repair and regulates the assembly of other proteins into the matrix. Nonhealing wounds show reduced levels of ECM fibronectin. To functionally mimic ECM fibronectin, a series of fibronectin matrix mimetics was developed by directly coupling the matricryptic, heparin-binding fragment of the first type III repeat of fibronectin (FNIII1H) to various sequences from the integrin-binding domain (FNIII8-10). The recombinant proteins were produced as glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged fusion proteins for ease of production and purification. Full-thickness, excisional wounds were produced in genetically diabetic mice, and fibronectin matrix mimetics were applied directly to the wounds. A significant enhancement of wound closure was observed by day 9 in response to GST/III1H,8-10 versus GST-treated controls (73.9%±4.1% vs. 58.1%±4.7% closure, respectively). Two weeks after injury, fibronectin matrix mimetic-treated wounds had developed a multi-layered epithelium that completely covered the wound space. Furthermore, significant increases in granulation tissue thickness were observed in response to treatment with GST/III1H,8-10 (4.05±0.93-fold), GST/III1H,8,10 (2.91±0.49-fold), or GST/III1H,8(RGD) (3.55±0.59-fold) compared with GST controls, and was accompanied by dense collagen deposition, the presence of myofibroblasts, and functional vasculature. Thus, the recombinant fibronectin matrix analogs normalized the impairment in repair observed in this chronic wound model and may provide a new approach to accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Roy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
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36
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Fascia Research Congress evidence from the 100 year perspective of Andrew Taylor Still. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2013; 17:356-64. [PMID: 23768282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 years ago A.T. Still MD founded osteopathic medicine, and specifically described fascia as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts. Fascia assists gliding and fluid flow and is highly innervated. Fascia is intimately involved with respiration and with nourishment of all cells of the body, including those of disease and cancer. This paper reviews information presented at the first three International Fascia Research Congresses in 2007, 2009 and 2012 from the perspective of Dr Still, that fascia is vital for organism's growth and support, and it is where disease is sown.
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37
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Ledro G, Turrina A, Picelli A, Stecco C, Principe F, Cacciatori C, Smania N. Brachial artery blood flow during submaximal isometric contraction of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii in humans: A preliminary observation. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2013; 17:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Roy DC, Hocking DC. Recombinant fibronectin matrix mimetics specify integrin adhesion and extracellular matrix assembly. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:558-70. [PMID: 23020251 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering seeks to create functional tissues and organs by integrating natural or synthetic scaffolds with bioactive factors and cells. Creating biologically active scaffolds that support key aspects of tissue regeneration, including the re-establishment of a functional extracellular matrix (ECM), is a challenge currently facing this field. During tissue repair, fibronectin is converted from an inactive soluble form into biologically active ECM fibrils through a cell-dependent process. ECM fibronectin promotes cell processes critical to tissue regeneration and regulates the deposition and organization of other ECM proteins. We previously developed biomimetics of ECM fibronectin by directly coupling the heparin-binding fragment of the first type III repeat of fibronectin (FNIII1H) to the integrin-binding repeats (FNIII8-10). As adhesive substrates, fibronectin matrix mimetics promote cell growth, migration, and contractility through a FNIII1H-dependent mechanism. Here, we analyzed fibronectin matrix mimetic variants designed to include all or part of the integrin-binding domain for their ability to support new ECM assembly. We found that specific modifications of the integrin-binding domain produced adhesive substrates that selectively engage different integrin receptors to, in turn, regulate the amount of fibronectin and collagen deposited into the ECM. The ability of fibronectin matrix mimetics to direct cell-substrate interactions and regulate ECM assembly makes them promising candidates for use as bioactive surfaces, where precise control over integrin-binding specificity and ECM deposition are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Payrau B, Quéré N, Bois D. Vascular fasciatherapy danis bois method: a study on mechanism concerning the supporting point applied on arteries. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork 2012; 4:10-9. [PMID: 22211153 PMCID: PMC3242644 DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v4i4.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A first study on vascular fasciatherapy enabled us to observe the turning of a turbulent blood flow into a laminar one, and a questioning on the process involved in this transformation emerged. The first question was: What is the nature of artery from the point of view of fascia? And a second question was: Which is the link permitting the observed process working in our first study? So this time, we are investigating a specific aspect of the big question that polarizes the interest of many researchers: “What is fascia?” Methods Following Donald Ingber’s statement, “It is necessary to understand how tissues and organs are structured across multiple size scales”, our research methods have been established in order to collect information on what is artery and what is fascia. Concerning these two organs, we have questioned science across the scales of embryology, anatomy, histology and cytology. Beyond the knowledge on structure, the functional link between artery and fascia is the necessary complement of this study whose starting point is in fact a questioning on process. As an application of this study, vascular fasciatherapy Danis-Bois Method and mechanotransduction have been investigated in theoretical and in research aspects to improve the understanding of how they work. Results The embryological approach points out a common origin and a histofunctional community of connective tissue and artery. As organs, arteries are sheathed by the adventia-fascia, and are penetrated by connective tissue extensions in media and intima. Furthermore, the functional point of view of this study reports the knowledge on mechanotransduction involving artery, both from the connective side and from the luminal side. Functional anatomy, surgery, histology, and cytology integrating the theory of the extended cytoskeleton, underline continuity from the static and functional points of view, with tensegrity being the architectural principle linking molecules to the entire body. Conclusion By answering these questions, we are attempting a better understanding of the mechanisms occurring in the progress of the arterial supporting point. One could presume that it relaxes adventitia and media, locally and all along the arterial network. Its action could also extend inward to the intima and on blood, as well as outwards to the neighboring connective tissue. By its local and remote action, it may be useful when diseases associate general perturbations and arterial disorders, like in high blood pressure or in aging.
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Norheim F, Raastad T, Thiede B, Rustan AC, Drevon CA, Haugen F. Proteomic identification of secreted proteins from human skeletal muscle cells and expression in response to strength training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E1013-21. [PMID: 21828336 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity protects against several types of diseases. This may involve altered secretion of signaling proteins from skeletal muscle. Our aim was to identify the most abundantly secreted proteins in cultures of human skeletal muscle cells and to monitor their expression in muscles of strength-training individuals. A total of 236 proteins were detected by proteome analysis in medium conditioned by cultured human myotubes, which was narrowed down to identification of 18 classically secreted proteins expressed in skeletal muscle, using the SignalP 3.0 and Human Genome Expression Profile databases together with a published mRNA-based reconstruction of the human skeletal muscle secretome. For 17 of the secreted proteins, expression was confirmed at the mRNA level in cultured human myotubes as well as in biopsies of human skeletal muscles. RT-PCR analyses showed that 15 of the secreted muscle proteins had significantly enhanced mRNA expression in m. vastus lateralis and/or m. trapezius after 11 wk of strength training among healthy volunteers. For example, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, a secretory protein in the membrane fraction of skeletal muscle fibers, was increased 3- and 10-fold in m. vastus lateralis and m. trapezius, respectively. Identification of proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells in vitro facilitated the discovery of novel responses in skeletal muscles of strength-training individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Regulation of fluid and material movement between the vascular space of microvessels penetrating functioning organs and the cells therein has been studied extensively. Unanswered questions as to the regulatory mechanisms and routes remain. Significantly less is known about the lymphatic vascular system given the difficulties in seeing, no less isolating, these vessels lying deeper in these same tissues. It has become evident that the exchange microvasculature is not simply a passive biophysical barrier separating the vascular and interstitial compartments but a dynamic, multicellular structure subject to acute regulation and chronic adaptation to stimuli including inflammation, sepsis, diabetes, injury, hypoxia and exercise. Similarly lymphatic vessels range, in their simplest form, from lymphatic endothelium attached to the interstitial matrix, to endothelia and phasic lymphatic smooth muscle that act as Starling resistors. Recent work has demonstrated that among the microvascular lymphatic elements, the collecting lymphatics have barrier properties similar to venules, and thus participate in exchange. As with venules, vasoactive agents can alter both the permeability and contractile properties thereby setting up previously unanticipated gradients in the tissue space and providing potential targets for the pharmacological prevention and/or resolution of oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Huxley
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, MA 415 Medical Sciences Bldg, Columbia, MO 65212-0001, USA.
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Abstract
Lymph formation is driven by hydraulic pressure gradients developing between the interstitial tissue and the lumen of initial lymphatics. While in vessels equipped with lymphatic smooth muscle cells these gradients are determined by well-synchronized spontaneous contractions of vessel segments, initial lymphatics devoid of smooth muscles rely on tissue motion to form lymph and propel it along the network. Lymphatics supplying highly moving tissues, such as skeletal muscle, diaphragm or thoracic tissues, undergo cyclic compression and expansion of their lumen imposed by local stresses arising in the tissue as a consequence of cardiac and respiratory activities. Active muscle contraction and not passive tissue displacement is required to support an efficient lymphatic drainage, as suggested by the fact that the respiratory activity promotes lymph formation during spontaneous, but not mechanical ventilation. The mechanical properties of the lymphatic wall and of the surrounding tissue also play an important role in lymphatic function. Modelling of stress distribution in the lymphatic wall suggests that compliant vessels behave as reservoirs accommodating absorbed interstitial fluid, while lymphatics with stiffer walls, taking advantage of a more efficient transmission of tissue stresses to the lymphatic lumen, propel fluid through the lumen of the lymphatic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Negrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Roy DC, Wilke-Mounts SJ, Hocking DC. Chimeric fibronectin matrix mimetic as a functional growth- and migration-promoting adhesive substrate. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2077-87. [PMID: 21185596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic protein engineering combines genetic, biochemical, and functional information to improve existing proteins or invent new protein technologies. Using these principles, we developed an approach to deliver extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin-specific signals to cells. Fibronectin matrix assembly is a cell-dependent process that converts the inactive, soluble form of fibronectin into biologically-active ECM fibrils. ECM fibronectin stimulates cell functions required for normal tissue regeneration, including cell growth, spreading, migration, and collagen reorganization. We have developed recombinant fibronectin fragments that mimic the effects of ECM fibronectin on cell function by coupling the cryptic heparin-binding fragment of fibronectin's first type III repeat (FNIII1H) to the integrin-binding domain (FNIII8-10). GST/III1H,8-10 supports cell adhesion and spreading and stimulates cell proliferation to a greater extent than plasma fibronectin. Deletion and site-specific mutant constructs were generated to identify the active regions in GST/III1H,8-10 and reduce construct size. A chimeric construct in which the integrin-binding, RGDS loop was inserted into the analogous site in FNIII8 (GST/III1H,8(RGD)), supported cell adhesion and migration, and enhanced cell proliferation and collagen gel contraction. GST/III1H,8(RGD) was expressed in bacteria and purified from soluble lysate fractions by affinity chromatography. Fibronectin matrix assembly is normally up-regulated in response to tissue injury. Decreased levels of ECM fibronectin are associated with non-healing wounds. Engineering fibronectin matrix mimetics that bypass the need for cell-dependent fibronectin matrix assembly in chronic wounds is a novel approach to stimulating cellular activities critical for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Goetsch KP, Kallmeyer K, Niesler CU. Decorin modulates collagen I-stimulated, but not fibronectin-stimulated, migration of C2C12 myoblasts. Matrix Biol 2010; 30:109-17. [PMID: 21059388 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix factors, specifically fibronectin and collagen I, are essential for structural support during muscle regeneration. Decorin has been identified as an anti-fibrotic agent with binding sites located on both fibronectin and collagen I. Upon injury, activated myoblasts are required to migrate through the extracellular matrix factors deposited by the myofibroblasts to facilitate skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study we looked at the effects decorin on fibronectin- and collagen I-stimulated myoblast migration. Dose response studies demonstrated 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml as the optimal stimulatory concentrations of decorin (1.2 fold increase), fibronectin (3.5 fold increase) and collagen I (2.4 fold increase), when compared with control respectively. A synergistic effect was identified when decorin and collagen I were added in combination; this effect was not evident when decorin was added with fibronectin. The effects of these factors on the ROCK signalling pathway were also analyzed. ROCK-2 was identified as the key Rho-activated kinase isoform involved in migration, due to its higher expression levels and localisation to focal points within migrating C2C12 myoblasts. Decorin and collagen I in combination stimulated an increase in the number of ROCK-2 localized focal points when compared with control, decorin and collagen I added separately. Fibronectin did not show any increase in ROCK-2 focal points when compared with control. These results show for the first time that decorin can modify collagen I-stimulated, but not fibronectin-stimulated myoblast migration in vitro. Furthermore, the synergistic, rather than additive, effect observed suggests a direct modification of collagen I signalling by decorin mediated, at least in part, by ROCK-2 rather than ROCK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Goetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
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Adhikari N, Basi DL, Carlson M, Mariash A, Hong Z, Lehman U, Mullegama S, Weir EK, Hall JL. Increase in GLUT1 in smooth muscle alters vascular contractility and increases inflammation in response to vascular injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:86-94. [PMID: 20947823 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to test the contributing role of increasing glucose uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vascular complications and disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A murine genetic model was established in which glucose trasporter 1 (GLUT1), the non-insulin-dependent glucose transporter protein, was overexpressed in smooth muscle using the sm22α promoter. Overexpression of GLUT1 in smooth muscle led to significant increases in glucose uptake (n=3, P<0.0001) as measured using radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids were unchanged. Contractility in aortic ring segments was decreased in sm22α-GLUT1 mice (n=10, P<0.04). In response to vascular injury, sm22α-GLUT1 mice exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype, including a significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the lesion (n=4, P<0.04) and an increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) immunofluorescence. Circulating haptoglobin and glutathione/total glutathione were significantly higher in the sm22α-GLUT1 mice postinjury compared with controls (n=4, P<0.05), suggesting increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. sm22α-GLUT1 mice exhibited significant medial hypertrophy following injury that was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of VSMCs in the media staining positive for nuclear phosphoSMAD2/3 (n=4, P<0.003). CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings suggest that increased glucose uptake in VSMCs impairs vascular contractility and accelerates a proinflammatory, neutrophil-rich lesion in response to injury, as well as medial hypertrophy, which is associated with enhanced transforming growth factor-β activity.
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You R, Zheng M, McKeown-Longo PJ. The first type III repeat in fibronectin activates an inflammatory pathway in dermal fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36255-9. [PMID: 20923762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c110.176990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the fibronectin matrix occurs during a variety of pathological and regenerative processes. Cellular generated tensional forces can alter the secondary and tertiary structure of the fibronectin matrix and regulate the exposure of cryptic activities that directly impact cell behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the partially unfolded Type III fibronectin module, FnIII-1c, on gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. Microarray and PCR analysis indicated that the addition of FnIII-1c to human dermal fibroblasts induced the expression of several inflammatory genes including the cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α. ELISA analysis indicated that the increased gene expression was accompanied by the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α protein. FnIII-1c-induced gene expression was preceded by increased phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκBα as well as the nuclear translocation of NFκB. PCR and ELISA analysis showed that inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway completely blocked the induction of IL-8 and TNF-α. Blocking antibodies to Toll-like receptor 4 inhibited both the activation of the NFκB signaling pathway as well as cytokine expression in response to FnIII-1c. These data suggest that fibronectin matrix remodeling can induce the expression of cytokines by stromal cells present in the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran You
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Sarelius I, Pohl U. Control of muscle blood flow during exercise: local factors and integrative mechanisms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 199:349-65. [PMID: 20353492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the control mechanisms of blood flow within the vasculature of skeletal muscle is clearly fascinating from a theoretical point of view due to the extremely tight coupling of tissue oxygen demands and blood flow. It also has practical implications as impairment of muscle blood flow and its prevention/reversal by exercise training has a major impact on widespread diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Here we analyse the role of mediators generated by skeletal muscle activity on smooth muscle relaxation in resistance vessels in vitro and in vivo. We summarize their cellular mechanisms of action and their relative roles in exercise hyperaemia with regard to early and late responses. We also discuss the consequences of interactions among mediators with regard to identifying their functional significance. We focus on (potential) mechanisms integrating the action of the mediators and their effects among the cells of the intact arteriolar wall. This integration occurs both locally, partly due to myoendothelial communication, and axially along the vascular tree, thus enabling the local responses to be manifest along an entire functional vessel path. Though the concept of signal integration is intriguing, its specific role on the control of exercise hyperaemia and the consequences of its modulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions still await additional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Shi F, Harman J, Fujiwara K, Sottile J. Collagen I matrix turnover is regulated by fibronectin polymerization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C1265-75. [PMID: 20107040 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling occurs during normal homeostasis and also plays an important role during development, tissue repair, and in various disease processes. ECM remodeling involves changes in the synthesis, deposition, and degradation of ECM molecules. ECM molecules can be degraded extracellularly, as well as intracellularly following endocytosis. Our data show that the ECM protein fibronectin is an important regulator of ECM remodeling. We previously showed that agents that inhibit the polymerization of fibronectin into ECM fibrils promote the loss of preexisting fibronectin matrix and accelerate fibronectin endocytosis and degradation. In this paper we show that inhibition of fibronectin polymerization leads to the loss of collagen I matrix fibrils and a corresponding increase in the levels of endocytosed collagen I. In contrast, manipulations that stabilize fibronectin matrix fibrils, such as caveolin-1 depletion, stabilize collagen I matrix fibrils and cause a decrease in ECM collagen I endocytosis. Our data also show that endocytosis of ECM collagen I is regulated by both beta1 integrins and Endo180/urokinase plasminogen activator associated protein (uPARAP). Unexpectedly, Endo180/uPARAP was also shown to promote the endocytosis of fibronectin from the ECM. These data demonstrate that fibronectin polymerization regulates the remodeling of ECM collagen I, in part, by regulating collagen I endocytosis. Furthermore, these data show that processes that regulate ECM deposition coordinately regulate the removal of proteins from the ECM. These data highlight the complexity of ECM remodeling. This multifaceted regulatory process may be important to ensure tight regulation of ECM fibronectin and collagen I levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Univ. of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Kubow KE, Klotzsch E, Smith ML, Gourdon D, Little WC, Vogel V. Crosslinking of cell-derived 3D scaffolds up-regulates the stretching and unfolding of new extracellular matrix assembled by reseeded cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:635-48. [PMID: 20027372 DOI: 10.1039/b914996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of tissue crosslinking are associated with numerous diseases (cancer stroma, organ fibrosis), and also eliminate the otherwise remarkable clinical successes of tissue-derived scaffolds, instead eliciting a foreign body reaction. Nevertheless, it is not well understood how the initial physical and biochemical properties of cellular microenvironments, stem cell niches, or of 3D tissue scaffolds guide the assembly and remodeling of new extracellular matrix (ECM) that is ultimately sensed by cells. Here, we incorporated FRET-based mechanical strain sensors, either into cell-derived ECM scaffolds or into the fibronectin (Fn) matrix assembled by reseeded fibroblasts, and demonstrated the following. Cell-generated tensile forces change the conformation of Fn in both 3D scaffolds and new matrix over time. The time course by which new matrix fibers are stretched by reseeded cells is accelerated by scaffold crosslinking. Importantly, stretching Fn fibers increases their elastic modulus (rigidity) and alters their biochemical display. Regulated by Fn fiber unfolding, more soluble Fn binds to the native than to the crosslinked scaffolds. Additionally, matrix assembly of fibroblasts is decreased by scaffold crosslinking. Taken together, scaffold crosslinking has a multifactorial impact on the microenvironment that reseeded cells assemble and respond to, with far-reaching implications for tissue engineering and disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher E Kubow
- Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI F 443 ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Findley T. Fascia Research II: Second International Fascia Research Congress. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork 2009; 2:4-9. [PMID: 21589733 PMCID: PMC3091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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