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Schnitzler GR, Kang H, Fang S, Angom RS, Lee-Kim VS, Ma XR, Zhou R, Zeng T, Guo K, Taylor MS, Vellarikkal SK, Barry AE, Sias-Garcia O, Bloemendal A, Munson G, Guckelberger P, Nguyen TH, Bergman DT, Hinshaw S, Cheng N, Cleary B, Aragam K, Lander ES, Finucane HK, Mukhopadhyay D, Gupta RM, Engreitz JM. Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs. Nature 2024; 626:799-807. [PMID: 38326615 PMCID: PMC10921916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge1-3. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway1-6. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes. Here we introduce a method to connect GWAS variants to functions. This method links variants to genes using epigenomics data, links genes to pathways de novo using Perturb-seq and integrates these data to identify convergence of GWAS loci onto pathways. We apply this approach to study the role of endothelial cells in genetic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), and discover 43 CAD GWAS signals that converge on the cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) signalling pathway. Two regulators of this pathway, CCM2 and TLNRD1, are each linked to a CAD risk variant, regulate other CAD risk genes and affect atheroprotective processes in endothelial cells. These results suggest a model whereby CAD risk is driven in part by the convergence of causal genes onto a particular transcriptional pathway in endothelial cells. They highlight shared genes between common and rare vascular diseases (CAD and CCM), and identify TLNRD1 as a new, previously uncharacterized member of the CCM signalling pathway. This approach will be widely useful for linking variants to functions for other common polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Schnitzler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Kang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurelie E Barry
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Sias-Garcia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Bloemendal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tung H Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Cleary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Biological Design Center, and Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Ahmad SMS, Nazar H, Rahman MM, Rusyniak RS, Ouhtit A. ITGB1BP1, a Novel Transcriptional Target of CD44-Downstream Signaling Promoting Cancer Cell Invasion. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:373-380. [PMID: 37252376 PMCID: PMC10225144 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s404565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy worldwide and has a poor prognosis, because it begins in the breast and disseminates to lymph nodes and distant organs. While invading, BC cells acquire aggressive characteristics from the tumor microenvironment through several mechanisms. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying the process of BC cell invasion can pave the way towards the development of targeted therapeutics focused on metastasis. We have previously reported that the activation of CD44 receptor with its major ligand hyaluronan (HA) promotes BC metastasis to the liver in vivo. Next, a gene expression profiling microarray analysis was conducted to identify and validate CD44-downstream transcriptional targets mediating its pro-metastatic function from RNA samples collected from Tet CD44-induced versus control MCF7-B5 cells. We have already validated a number of novel CD44-target genes and published their underlying signaling pathways in promoting BC cell invasion. From the same microarray analysis, Integrin subunit beta 1 binding protein 1 (ITGB1BP1) was also identified as a potential CD44-target gene that was upregulated (2-fold) upon HA activation of CD44. This report will review the lines of evidence collected from the literature to support our hypothesis, and further discuss the possible mechanisms linking HA activation of CD44 to its novel potential transcriptional target ITGB1BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M S Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Nazar
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radoslaw Stefan Rusyniak
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Wang Y, Li J, Hao P, Li J, Han R, Lin J, Li X. Integrated Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Indicated Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36735267 PMCID: PMC9907373 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the molecular background of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas (SCs), we conducted the integrated whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing for eyelid SCs in this study. Methods The genetic alterations were studied by whole-exome sequencing, and the messenger RNA expression was studied using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) in five paired fresh eyelid SC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Integrated analysis of exome and transcriptomic information was conducted for filtering candidate driver genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of filtered candidate genes was analyzed by STRING. The protein expression was verified by immunohistochemistry in 29 eyelid SCs and 17 compared normal sebaceous gland tissues. Results The average numbers of pathogenic somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in eyelid SCs were 75 and 28, respectively. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750), filaggrin 2 (FLG2), valosin-containing protein (VCP), and zinc finger protein 717 (ZNF717) were recurrent mutated genes. A mean of 844 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 1401 DEGs were downregulated in SC samples. The intersection of DEG-based pathways and mutation-based pathways was mainly involved in microbial infection and inflammation, immunodeficiency, cancer, lipid metabolism, and the other pathways. The intersection of DEGs and mutated genes consisted of 55 genes, of which 15 genes formed a PPI network with 4 clusters. The PPI cluster composed of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A) was involved in cholesterol metabolism. The expression of SCARB1 protein was found to be increased, whereas that of PPARG protein was decreased in eyelid SCs compared to that in the normal sebaceous glands. Conclusions Increased SCARB1 and decreased PPARG indicated that dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism might be involved in carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs. Translational Relevance The malfunction in cholesterol metabolism might advance our knowledge of the carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyong Lin
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Bakr S, Brennan K, Mukherjee P, Argemi J, Hernaez M, Gevaert O. Identifying key multifunctional components shared by critical cancer and normal liver pathways via SparseGMM. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100392. [PMID: 36814838 PMCID: PMC9939431 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of multimodal data, suitable statistical models that can improve our understanding of diseases with genetic underpinnings are challenging to develop. Here, we present SparseGMM, a statistical approach for gene regulatory network discovery. SparseGMM uses latent variable modeling with sparsity constraints to learn Gaussian mixtures from multiomic data. By combining coexpression patterns with a Bayesian framework, SparseGMM quantitatively measures confidence in regulators and uncertainty in target gene assignment by computing gene entropy. We apply SparseGMM to liver cancer and normal liver tissue data and evaluate discovered gene modules in an independent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset. SparseGMM identifies PROCR as a regulator of angiogenesis and PDCD1LG2 and HNF4A as regulators of immune response and blood coagulation in cancer. Furthermore, we show that more genes have significantly higher entropy in cancer compared with normal liver. Among high-entropy genes are key multifunctional components shared by critical pathways, including p53 and estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Bakr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pritam Mukherjee
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Xu X, Wang Y, Bai Y, Lu J, Guo Y, Wang X, Rong L, Tang J, Ma X, Ma J, Zhang L. Identifying key mutations of radioresponsive genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001173. [PMID: 36119057 PMCID: PMC9478485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy plays an important effect on the standard therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the efficacy of the therapy is limited and a few patients do not achieve satisfactory treatment results due to the existence of radiation resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the potential predictive biomarkers and treatment targets for ESCC. Methods We performed the whole-exome sequencing to determine the germline and somatic mutations in ESCC. Functional enrichment and pathway-based protein-protein interaction analyses were used to ascertain potential regulatory networks. Cell survival and cell death after treatment with radiotherapy were determined by CCK-8 and LDH release assays in ESCC cells. The correlations of NOTCH1 and tumor immune infiltration were also analyzed in ESCC. Results Our results showed that 344 somatic and 65 germline differentially mutated genes were detected to be radiosensitivity-related loci. The tumor mutational burdens (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI) were not significantly correlated with the response to radiotherapy in ESCC patients. Pathway-based protein-protein interaction analyses implied several hub genes with most nodes (such as PIK3CA, NOTCH1, STAT3 and KDR). The in vitro studies showed that the knockdown of NOTCH1 inhibited cell survival and rendered more cell death after the treatment with radiotherapy in ESCC cells, while NOTCH1 overexpression had the opposite effects. Moreover, NOTCH1, frequently up-regulated in ESCC, was negatively correlated with activated B cell and immature dendritic cell in ESCC. High expression of NOTCH1 was accompanied with the low levels of some immunotherapy-related cells, including CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. Conclusions These results indicate the differences of the germline mutations and somatic mutations between the radiosensitive and radioresistence groups in ESCC and imply that NOTCH1 plays important roles in regulating the radiosensitivity of ESCC. The findings might provide the biomarkers and potential treatment targets for improving the sensitivity to radiotherapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Research, Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntao Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Eye Institute, Eye & Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bucşan AN, Veatch A, Singh DK, Akter S, Golden NA, Kirkpatrick M, Threeton B, Moodley C, Ahmed M, Doyle LA, Russell-Lodrigue K, Norton EB, Didier PJ, Roy CJ, Abramovitch RB, Mehra S, Khader SA, Kaushal D. Response to Hypoxia and the Ensuing Dysregulation of Inflammation Impacts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenicity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:94-104. [PMID: 35412961 PMCID: PMC9718519 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2747oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains exhibit variable degrees of virulence in humans and animal models. Differing stress response strategies used by different strains of Mtb could influence virulence. Objectives: We compared the virulence of two strains of Mtb with use in animal model research: CDC1551 and Erdman. Methods: Rhesus macaques, which develop human-like tuberculosis attributes and pathology, were infected with a high dose of either strain via aerosol, and virulence was compared by bacterial burden and pathology. Measurements and Main Results: Infection with Erdman resulted in significantly shorter times to euthanasia and higher bacterial burdens and greater systemic inflammation and lung pathology relative to those infected with CDC1551. Macaques infected with Erdman also exhibited significantly higher early inflammatory myeloid cell influx to the lung, greater macrophage and T cell activity, and higher expression of lung remodeling (extracellular matrix) genes, consistent with greater pathology. Expression of NOTCH4 (neurogenic locus notch homolog 4) signaling, which is induced in response to hypoxia and promotes undifferentiated cellular state, was also higher in Erdman-infected lungs. The granulomas generated by Erdman, and not CDC1551, infection appeared to have larger regions of necrosis, which is strongly associated with hypoxia. To better understand the mechanisms of differential hypoxia induction by these strains, we subjected both to hypoxia in vitro. Erdman induced higher concentrations of DosR regulon relative to CDC1551. The DosR regulon is the global regulator of response to hypoxia in Mtb and critical for its persistence in granulomas. Conclusions: Our results show that the response to hypoxia is a critical mediator of virulence determination in Mtb, with potential impacts on bacillary persistence, reactivation, and efficiency of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Bucşan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Ashley Veatch
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nadia A. Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Melanie Kirkpatrick
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Breanna Threeton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lara A. Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Peter J. Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert B. Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana;,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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7
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Chmielowiec J, Szlachcic WJ, Yang D, Scavuzzo MA, Wamble K, Sarrion-Perdigones A, Sabek OM, Venken KJT, Borowiak M. Human pancreatic microenvironment promotes β-cell differentiation via non-canonical WNT5A/JNK and BMP signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1952. [PMID: 35414140 PMCID: PMC9005503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro derivation of pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells holds promise as diabetes treatment. Despite recent progress, efforts to generate physiologically competent β-cells are still hindered by incomplete understanding of the microenvironment's role in β-cell development and maturation. Here, we analyze the human mesenchymal and endothelial primary cells from weeks 9-20 fetal pancreas and identify a time point-specific microenvironment that permits β-cell differentiation. Further, we uncover unique factors that guide in vitro development of endocrine progenitors, with WNT5A markedly improving human β-cell differentiation. WNT5A initially acts through the non-canonical (JNK/c-JUN) WNT signaling and cooperates with Gremlin1 to inhibit the BMP pathway during β-cell maturation. Interestingly, we also identify the endothelial-derived Endocan as a SST+ cell promoting factor. Overall, our study shows that the pancreatic microenvironment-derived factors can mimic in vivo conditions in an in vitro system to generate bona fide β-cells for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wojciech J Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katrina Wamble
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koen J T Venken
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Wu N, Cheng CJ, Zhong JJ, He JC, Zhang ZS, Wang ZG, Sun XC, Liu H. Essential role of MALAT1 in reducing traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1776-1784. [PMID: 35017438 PMCID: PMC8820691 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly evolutionary conserved long non-coding RNA, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was first demonstrated to be related to lung tumor metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the role of MALAT1 in traumatic brain injury, we established mouse models of controlled cortical impact and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic traumatic brain injury in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that MALAT1 silencing in vitro inhibited endothelial cell viability and tube formation but increased migration. In MALAT1-deficient mice, endothelial cell proliferation in the injured cortex, functional vessel density and cerebral blood flow were reduced. Bioinformatic analyses and RNA pull-down assays validated enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a downstream factor of MALAT1 in endothelial cells. Jagged-1, the Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1) agonist, reversed the MALAT1 deficiency-mediated impairment of angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that MALAT1 controls the key processes of angiogenesis following traumatic brain injury in an EZH2/NOTCH1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Chi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Song M, Finley SD. Mechanistic characterization of endothelial sprouting mediated by pro-angiogenic signaling. Microcirculation 2021; 29:e12744. [PMID: 34890488 PMCID: PMC9285777 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aim to quantitatively characterize the crosstalk between VEGF‐ and FGF‐mediated angiogenic signaling and endothelial sprouting, to gain mechanistic insights and identify novel therapeutic strategies. Methods We constructed an experimentally validated hybrid agent‐based mathematical model that characterizes endothelial sprouting driven by FGF‐ and VEGF‐mediated signaling. We predicted the total sprout length, number of sprouts, and average length by the mono‐ and co‐stimulation of FGF and VEGF. Results The experimentally fitted and validated model predicts that FGF induces stronger angiogenic responses in the long‐term compared with VEGF stimulation. Also, FGF plays a dominant role in the combination effects in endothelial sprouting. Moreover, the model suggests that ERK and Akt pathways and cellular responses contribute differently to the sprouting process. Last, the model predicts that the strategies to modulate endothelial sprouting are context‐dependent, and our model can identify potential effective pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic targets under different conditions and study their efficacy. Conclusions The model provides detailed mechanistic insight into VEGF and FGF interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence angiogenic signaling leading to endothelial sprouting and to study the effects of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Padarti A, Abou-Fadel J, Zhang J. Resurgence of phosphotyrosine binding domains: Structural and functional properties essential for understanding disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129977. [PMID: 34391832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphotyrosine Binding (PTB) Domains, usually found on scaffold proteins, are pervasive in many cellular signaling pathways. These domains are the second-largest family of phosphotyrosine recognition domains and since their initial discovery, dozens of PTB domains have been structurally determined. SCOPE OF REVIEW Due to its signature sequence flexibility, PTB domains can bind to a large variety of ligands including phospholipids. PTB peptide binding is divided into classical binding (canonical NPXY motifs) and non-classical binding (all other motifs). The first atypical PTB domain was discovered in cerebral cavernous malformation 2 (CCM2) protein, while only one third in size of the typical PTB domain, it remains functionally equivalent. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS PTB domains are involved in numerous signaling processes including embryogenesis, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, while dysfunction is linked to major disorders including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer's disease, and strokes. PTB domains may also be essential in infectious processes, currently responsible for the global pandemic in which viral cellular entry is suspected to be mediated through PTB and NPXY interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We summarize the structural and functional updates in the PTB domain over the last 20 years in hopes of resurging interest and further analyzing the importance of this versatile domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Padarti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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11
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Girard R, Li Y, Stadnik A, Shenkar R, Hobson N, Romanos S, Srinath A, Moore T, Lightle R, Shkoukani A, Akers A, Carroll T, Christoforidis GA, Koenig JI, Lee C, Piedad K, Greenberg SM, Kim H, Flemming KD, Ji Y, Awad IA. A Roadmap for Developing Plasma Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Cavernous Angioma With Symptomatic Hemorrhage (CASH). Neurosurgery 2021; 88:686-697. [PMID: 33469662 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous angioma (CA) is a capillary microangiopathy predisposing more than a million Americans to premature risk of brain hemorrhage. CA with recent symptomatic hemorrhage (SH), most likely to re-bleed with serious clinical sequelae, is the primary focus of therapeutic development. Signaling aberrations in CA include proliferative dysangiogenesis, blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability, inflammatory/immune processes, and anticoagulant vascular domain. Plasma levels of molecules reflecting these mechanisms and measures of vascular permeability and iron deposition on magnetic resonance imaging are biomarkers that have been correlated with CA hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE To optimize these biomarkers to accurately diagnose cavernous angioma with symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH), prognosticate the risk of future SH, and monitor cases after a bleed and in response to therapy. METHODS Additional candidate biomarkers, emerging from ongoing mechanistic and differential transcriptome studies, would further enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis and prediction of CASH. Integrative combinations of levels of plasma proteins and characteristic micro-ribonucleic acids may further strengthen biomarker associations. We will deploy advanced statistical and machine learning approaches for the integration of novel candidate biomarkers, rejecting noncorrelated candidates, and determining the best clustering and weighing of combined biomarker contributions. EXPECTED OUTCOMES With the expertise of leading CA researchers, this project anticipates the development of future blood tests for the diagnosis and prediction of CASH to clinically advance towards precision medicine. DISCUSSION The project tests a novel integrational approach of biomarker development in a mechanistically defined cerebrovascular disease with a relevant context of use, with an approach applicable to other neurological diseases with similar pathobiologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yan Li
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois.,Bioinformatics core, Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Agnieszka Stadnik
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abdallah Shkoukani
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Timothy Carroll
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory A Christoforidis
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kristina Piedad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Watanabe M, Horie H, Kurata Y, Inoue Y, Notsu T, Wakimizu T, Adachi M, Yamamoto K, Morikawa K, Kuwabara M, Sakaguchi T, Morisaki T, Miake J, Nishimura M, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Ito S, Kitakaze M, Ninomiya H, Yamamoto K, Hisatome I. Esm1 and Stc1 as Angiogenic Factors Responsible for Protective Actions of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Sheets on Chronic Heart Failure After Rat Myocardial Infarction. Circ J 2021; 85:657-666. [PMID: 33716265 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets improve the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI), underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the fate of transplanted ADSC sheets and candidate angiogenic factors released from ADSCs for their cardiac protective actions.Methods and Results:MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sheets of transgenic (Tg)-ADSCs expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) and luciferase or wild-type (WT)-ADSCs were transplanted 1 week after MI. Both WT- and Tg-ADSC sheets improved cardiac functions evaluated by echocardiography at 3 and 5 weeks after MI. Histological examination at 5 weeks after MI demonstrated that either sheet suppressed fibrosis and increased vasculogenesis. Luciferase signals from Tg-ADSC sheets were detected at 1 and 2 weeks, but not at 4 weeks, after transplantation. RNA sequencing of PKH (yellow-orange fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails)-labeled Tg-ADSCs identified mRNAs of 4 molecules related to angiogenesis, including those of Esm1 and Stc1 that increased under hypoxia. Administration of Esm1 or Stc1 promoted tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS ADSC sheets improved cardiac contractile functions after MI by suppressing cardiac fibrosis and enhancing neovascularization. Transplanted ADSCs existed for >2 weeks on MI hearts and produced the angiogenic factors Esm1 and Stc1, which may improve cardiac functions after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Watanabe
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Hiromu Horie
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | | | - Yumiko Inoue
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Takayuki Wakimizu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Maya Adachi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Kenshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital
| | - Takuki Sakaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology/Department of Internal Medicine IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Motonobu Nishimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Shin Ito
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
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13
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular abnormalities characterized by thin, leaky blood vessels resulting in lesions that predispose to haemorrhages, stroke, epilepsy and focal neurological deficits. CCMs arise due to loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding one of three CCM complex proteins, KRIT1, CCM2 or CCM3. These widely expressed, multi-functional adaptor proteins can assemble into a CCM protein complex and (either alone or in complex) modulate signalling pathways that influence cell adhesion, cell contractility, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. Recent advances, including analysis of the structures and interactions of CCM proteins, have allowed substantial progress towards understanding the molecular bases for CCM protein function and how their disruption leads to disease. Here, we review current knowledge of CCM protein signalling with a focus on three pathways which have generated the most interest—the RhoA–ROCK, MEKK3–MEK5–ERK5–KLF2/4 and cell junctional signalling pathways—but also consider ICAP1-β1 integrin and cdc42 signalling. We discuss emerging links between these pathways and the processes that drive disease pathology and highlight important open questions—key among them is the role of subcellular localization in the control of CCM protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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14
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Huang G, Zhang G, Yu Z. Computational prediction and analysis of histone H3k27me1-associated miRNAs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140539. [PMID: 32947024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mono-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me1) plays key roles in the cellular processes. The H3K27me1 interacts with the DNA sequence of the miRNAs and regulates the transcription of miRNAs. Therefore, biological roles of the H3K27me1 are closely related to the downstream miRNAs. We proposed a machine learning-based computational method to predict H3K27me1-associated miRNAs and obtained AUCs of 0.6866 and 0.6849 on the leave-one-out and five-fold cross validation, respectively. We also performed enrichment analysis of the transcript factors, GO terms and pathways of H3K27me1-associated miRNAs. Among the top 10 significantly enriched transcription factors, five were unfavorable prognostic marker in renal cancer. The enrichment analysis of molecular function showed that the H3K27me1-associated miRNAs were linked to RNA binding and protein binding which were involved in the transcription and translation regulation. The enrichment of pathway showed that H3K27me1-associated miRNAs were mainly involved in pathways related to cancers, signaling and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Zuguo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education and Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
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15
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Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Tournier-Lasserve E, Derry WB. Blocking Signalopathic Events to Treat Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:874-887. [PMID: 32692314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are pathologies of the brain vasculature characterized by capillary-venous angiomas that result in recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Familial forms are caused by a clonal loss of any of three CCM genes in endothelial cells, which causes the activation of a novel pathophysiological pathway involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF2/4 signaling. Recent work has shown that cavernomas can undergo strong growth when CCM-deficient endothelial cells recruit wild-type neighbors through the secretion of cytokines. This suggests a treatment strategy based on targeting signalopathic events between CCM-deficient endothelial cells and their environment. Such approaches will have to consider recent evidence implicating 'third hits' from hypoxia-induced angiogenesis signaling or the microbiome in modulating the development of cerebral hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- INSERM UMR-1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Service de génétique moléculaire neuro-vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - W Brent Derry
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Developmental and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
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16
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Hasan SS, Jabs M, Taylor J, Wiedmann L, Leibing T, Nordström V, Federico G, Roma LP, Carlein C, Wolff G, Ekim-Üstünel B, Brune M, Moll I, Tetzlaff F, Gröne HJ, Fleming T, Géraud C, Herzig S, Nawroth PP, Fischer A. Endothelial Notch signaling controls insulin transport in muscle. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e09271. [PMID: 32187826 PMCID: PMC7136962 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the endothelium is not just limited to acting as an inert barrier for facilitating blood transport. Endothelial cells (ECs), through expression of a repertoire of angiocrine molecules, regulate metabolic demands in an organ‐specific manner. Insulin flux across the endothelium to muscle cells is a rate‐limiting process influencing insulin‐mediated lowering of blood glucose. Here, we demonstrate that Notch signaling in ECs regulates insulin transport to muscle. Notch signaling activity was higher in ECs isolated from obese mice compared to non‐obese. Sustained Notch signaling in ECs lowered insulin sensitivity and increased blood glucose levels. On the contrary, EC‐specific inhibition of Notch signaling increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance and glucose uptake in muscle in a high‐fat diet‐induced insulin resistance model. This was associated with increased transcription of Cav1, Cav2, and Cavin1, higher number of caveolae in ECs, and insulin uptake rates, as well as increased microvessel density. These data imply that Notch signaling in the endothelium actively controls insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis and may therefore represent a therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S Hasan
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jabs
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wiedmann
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viola Nordström
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gretchen Wolff
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim-Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Chohan MO, Marchiò S, Morrison LA, Sidman RL, Cavenee WK, Dejana E, Yonas H, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Emerging Pharmacologic Targets in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation and Potential Strategies to Alter the Natural History of a Difficult Disease: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:492-500. [PMID: 30476961 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions of the brain that may lead to hemorrhage, seizures, and neurologic deficits. Most are linked to loss-of-function mutations in 1 of 3 genes, namely CCM1 (originally called KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607), or CCM3 (PDCD10), that can either occur as sporadic events or are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance. Familial forms originate from germline mutations, often have multiple intracranial lesions that grow in size and number over time, and cause an earlier and more severe presentation. Despite active preclinical research on a few pharmacologic agents, clinical translation has been slow. Open surgery and, in some cases, stereotactic radiosurgery remain the only effective treatments, but these options are limited by lesion accessibility and are associated with nonnegligible rates of morbidity and mortality. Observations We discuss the limits of CCM management and introduce findings from in vitro and in vivo studies that provide insight into CCM pathogenesis and indicate molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. These studies report dysregulated cellular pathways shared between CCM, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They also suggest the potential effectiveness of proper drug repurposing in association with, or as an alternative to, targeted interventions. Conclusions and Relevance We propose methods to exploit specific molecular pathways to design patient-tailored therapeutic approaches in CCM, with the aim to alter its natural progression. In this scenario, the lack of effective pharmacologic options remains a critical barrier that poses an unfulfilled and urgent medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad O Chohan
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque
| | - Serena Marchiò
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Leslie A Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology Fondazione, Milan, Italy.,Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, School of Sciences and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Milano University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Howard Yonas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, Newark.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, Newark.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
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18
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Su VL, Simon B, Draheim KM, Calderwood DA. Serine phosphorylation of the small phosphoprotein ICAP1 inhibits its nuclear accumulation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3269-3284. [PMID: 32005669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear accumulation of the small phosphoprotein integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (ICAP1) results in recruitment of its binding partner, Krev/Rap1 interaction trapped-1 (KRIT1), to the nucleus. KRIT1 loss is the most common cause of cerebral cavernous malformation, a neurovascular dysplasia resulting in dilated, thin-walled vessels that tend to rupture, increasing the risk for hemorrhagic stroke. KRIT1's nuclear roles are unknown, but it is known to function as a scaffolding or adaptor protein at cell-cell junctions and in the cytosol, supporting normal blood vessel integrity and development. As ICAP1 controls KRIT1 subcellular localization, presumably influencing KRIT1 function, in this work, we investigated the signals that regulate ICAP1 and, hence, KRIT1 nuclear localization. ICAP1 contains a nuclear localization signal within an unstructured, N-terminal region that is rich in serine and threonine residues, several of which are reportedly phosphorylated. Using quantitative microscopy, we revealed that phosphorylation-mimicking substitutions at Ser-10, or to a lesser extent at Ser-25, within this N-terminal region inhibit ICAP1 nuclear accumulation. Conversely, phosphorylation-blocking substitutions at these sites enhanced ICAP1 nuclear accumulation. We further demonstrate that p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) can phosphorylate ICAP1 at Ser-10 both in vitro and in cultured cells and that active PAK4 inhibits ICAP1 nuclear accumulation in a Ser-10-dependent manner. Finally, we show that ICAP1 phosphorylation controls nuclear localization of the ICAP1-KRIT1 complex. We conclude that serine phosphorylation within the ICAP1 N-terminal region can prevent nuclear ICAP1 accumulation, providing a mechanism that regulates KRIT1 localization and signaling, potentially influencing vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Bertrand Simon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Kyle M Draheim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
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19
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Ma H, Zeng R, Liu R, Wang P, Jin X, Zhao Y. Epitranscriptomic profiling of N6-methyladenosine-related RNA methylation in rat cerebral cortex following traumatic brain injury. Mol Brain 2020; 13:11. [PMID: 31992337 PMCID: PMC6986156 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA. It has been reported that there is a stimulus-dependent regulation of m6A in the mammalian central nervous system in response to sensory experience, learning, and injury. The mRNA m6A methylation pattern in rat cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been investigated. Results In this study, we conducted a genome-wide profiling of mRNA m6A methylation in rat cortex via methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq). After TBI, the expressions of METTL14 and FTO were significantly down-regulated in rat cerebral cortex. Using MeRIP-Seq, we identified a total of 2165 significantly changed peaks, of which 1062 were significantly up-regulated and 1103 peaks were significantly down-regulated. These m6A peaks were located across 1850 genes. The analysis of both m6A peaks and mRNA expression revealed that there were 175 mRNA significantly altered methylation and expression levels after TBI. Moreover, it was found that functional FTO is necessary to repair neurological damage caused by TBI but has no effect on the spatial learning and memory abilities of TBI rats by using FTO inhibitor FB23–2. Conclusion This study explored the m6A methylation pattern of mRNA after TBI in rat cortex and identified FTO as possible intervention targets in the epigenetic modification of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruining Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Wang Q, Ren H, Xu Y, Jiang J, Wudu M, Liu Z, Su H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Qiu X. GRWD1 promotes cell proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer by activating the Notch pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111806. [PMID: 31891681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GRWD1 is a member of the WD repeat protein family that is over-expressed in various cancer cell lines and associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. However, its biological function and mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of GRWD1 in NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry on tumor specimens from 170 patients showed that GRWD1 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and P-TNM stage, but negatively correlated with differentiation and prognosis. We found that GRWD1 promotes cell colony formation by affecting the expression of Cyclin B1, CDK1, and p27 and inducing G2/M transition. GRWD1 was also found to stimulate cell migration through RhoA, RhoC, and CDC42, and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by affecting the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Zeb1, and ZO-1. Our results indicated that the GRWD1 can activate the Notch signaling pathway by affecting the Notch intracellular domain and promoting the expression of Hes1. Our use of DAPT to suppress Notch signaling confirmed that GRWD1 promotes the progression of NSCLC through the Notch signaling pathway and may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzi Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongjiu Ren
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Muli Wudu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zongang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao St., Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xizi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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21
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Otten C, Knox J, Boulday G, Eymery M, Haniszewski M, Neuenschwander M, Radetzki S, Vogt I, Hähn K, De Luca C, Cardoso C, Hamad S, Igual Gil C, Roy P, Albiges-Rizo C, Faurobert E, von Kries JP, Campillos M, Tournier-Lasserve E, Derry WB, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Systematic pharmacological screens uncover novel pathways involved in cerebral cavernous malformations. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809155. [PMID: 30181117 PMCID: PMC6180302 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions in the central nervous system causing strokes and seizures which currently can only be treated through neurosurgery. The disease arises through changes in the regulatory networks of endothelial cells that must be comprehensively understood to develop alternative, non-invasive pharmacological therapies. Here, we present the results of several unbiased small-molecule suppression screens in which we applied a total of 5,268 unique substances to CCM mutant worm, zebrafish, mouse, or human endothelial cells. We used a systems biology-based target prediction tool to integrate the results with the whole-transcriptome profile of zebrafish CCM2 mutants, revealing signaling pathways relevant to the disease and potential targets for small-molecule-based therapies. We found indirubin-3-monoxime to alleviate the lesion burden in murine preclinical models of CCM2 and CCM3 and suppress the loss-of-CCM phenotypes in human endothelial cells. Our multi-organism-based approach reveals new components of the CCM regulatory network and foreshadows novel small-molecule-based therapeutic applications for suppressing this devastating disease in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Otten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gwénola Boulday
- INSERM UMR-1161, Génétique et physiopathologie des maladies cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Eymery
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Haniszewski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Silke Radetzki
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Vogt
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Hähn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Coralie De Luca
- INSERM UMR-1161, Génétique et physiopathologie des maladies cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cardoso
- INSERM UMR-1161, Génétique et physiopathologie des maladies cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sabri Hamad
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carla Igual Gil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Jens P von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mónica Campillos
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- INSERM UMR-1161, Génétique et physiopathologie des maladies cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Service de génétique moléculaire neuro-vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - W Brent Derry
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany .,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Proteomic analysis of heart failure hospitalization among patients with chronic kidney disease: The Heart and Soul Study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208042. [PMID: 30557359 PMCID: PMC6296511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate differences in proteins associated with HF hospitalizations among patients with and without CKD in the Heart and Soul Study. Methods and results We measured 1068 unique plasma proteins from baseline samples of 974 participants in The Heart and Soul Study who were followed for HF hospitalization over a median of 7 years. We sequentially applied forest regression and Cox survival analyses to select prognostic proteins. Among participants with CKD, four proteins were associated with HF at Bonferroni-level significance (p<2.5x10-4): Angiopoietin-2 (HR[95%CI] 1.45[1.33, 1.59]), Spondin-1 (HR[95%CI] 1.13 [1.06, 1.20]), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (HR[95%CI] 0.65[0.53, 0.78]) and neurogenis locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1) (HR[95%CI] 0.67[0.55, 0.80]). These associations persisted at p<0.01 after adjustment for age, estimated glomerular filtration and history of HF. CKD was a significant interaction term in the associations of NOTCH1 and Spondin-1 with HF. Pathway analysis showed a trend for higher representation of the Cardiac Hypertrophy and Complement/Coagulation pathways among proteins prognostic of HF in the CKD sub-group. Conclusions These results suggest that markers of heart failure differ between patients with and without CKD. Further research is needed to validate novel markers in cohorts of patients with CKD and adjudicated HF events.
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23
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are manifested by microvascular lesions characterized by leaky endothelial cells with minimal intervening parenchyma predominantly in the central nervous system predisposed to hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in focal neurological defects. Till date, three proteins are implicated in this condition: CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607), and CCM3 (PDCD10). These multi-domain proteins form a protein complex via CCM2 that function as a docking site for the CCM signaling complex, which modulates many signaling pathways. Defects in the formation of this signaling complex have been shown to affect a wide range of cellular processes including cell-cell contact stability, vascular angiogenesis, oxidative damage protection and multiple biogenic events. In this review we provide an update on recent advances in structure and function of these CCM proteins, especially focusing on the signaling cascades involved in CCM pathogenesis and the resultant CCM cellular phenotypes in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Padarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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24
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Pekkonen P, Alve S, Balistreri G, Gramolelli S, Tatti-Bugaeva O, Paatero I, Niiranen O, Tuohinto K, Perälä N, Taiwo A, Zinovkina N, Repo P, Icay K, Ivaska J, Saharinen P, Hautaniemi S, Lehti K, Ojala PM. Lymphatic endothelium stimulates melanoma metastasis and invasion via MMP14-dependent Notch3 and β1-integrin activation. eLife 2018; 7:e32490. [PMID: 29712618 PMCID: PMC5929907 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis correlate with poor clinical outcome in melanoma. However, the mechanisms of lymphatic dissemination in distant metastasis remain incompletely understood. We show here that exposure of expansively growing human WM852 melanoma cells, but not singly invasive Bowes cells, to lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in 3D co-culture facilitates melanoma distant organ metastasis in mice. To dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms, we established LEC co-cultures with different melanoma cells originating from primary tumors or metastases. Notably, the expansively growing metastatic melanoma cells adopted an invasively sprouting phenotype in 3D matrix that was dependent on MMP14, Notch3 and β1-integrin. Unexpectedly, MMP14 was necessary for LEC-induced Notch3 induction and coincident β1-integrin activation. Moreover, MMP14 and Notch3 were required for LEC-mediated metastasis of zebrafish xenografts. This study uncovers a unique mechanism whereby LEC contact promotes melanoma metastasis by inducing a reversible switch from 3D growth to invasively sprouting cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirita Pekkonen
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanni Alve
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Giuseppe Balistreri
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Centre for BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Otso Niiranen
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Krista Tuohinto
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nina Perälä
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Adewale Taiwo
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nadezhda Zinovkina
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pauliina Repo
- Genome-Scale BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Katherine Icay
- Genome-Scale BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Kaisa Lehti
- Genome-Scale BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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25
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Klose R, Adam MG, Weis EM, Moll I, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Tetzlaff F, Oka C, Ehrmann M, Fischer A. Inactivation of the serine protease HTRA1 inhibits tumor growth by deregulating angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4260-4272. [PMID: 29713059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease HTRA1 is involved in several vascular diseases and its expression is often deregulated in cancer. We aimed at identifying how HTRA1 in the vasculature affects tumor growth. Here we report that silencing of HTRA1 in cultured endothelial cells increased migration rate and tube formation, whereas forced HTRA1 expression impaired sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, endothelial HTRA1 expression enhanced Delta/Notch signaling by reducing the amount of the weak Notch ligand JAG1. HTRA1 physically interacted with JAG1 and cleaved it within the intracellular domain, leading to protein degradation. Expression of a constitutive active Notch1 prevented the hypersprouting phenotype upon silencing of HTRA1. In HtrA1-deficient mice, endothelial Notch signaling was diminished and isolated endothelial cells had increased expression of VEGF receptor-2. Growth of syngeneic tumors was strongly impaired in HtrA1-/- mice. The tumor vasculature was much denser in HtrA1-/- mice and less covered with mural cells. This chaotic and immature vascular network was poorly functional as indicated by large hypoxic tumor areas and low tumor cell proliferation rates. In summary, inhibition of HTRA1 in the tumor stroma impaired tumor progression by deregulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Weis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Joycelyn Wüstehube-Lausch
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Chio Oka
- Laboratory of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany. .,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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26
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Tetzlaff F, Adam MG, Feldner A, Moll I, Menuchin A, Rodriguez-Vita J, Sprinzak D, Fischer A. MPDZ promotes DLL4-induced Notch signaling during angiogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:e32860. [PMID: 29620522 PMCID: PMC5933922 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is coordinated by VEGF and Notch signaling. DLL4-induced Notch signaling inhibits tip cell formation and vessel branching. To ensure proper Notch signaling, receptors and ligands are clustered at adherens junctions. However, little is known about factors that control Notch activity by influencing the cellular localization of Notch ligands. Here, we show that the multiple PDZ domain protein (MPDZ) enhances Notch signaling activity. MPDZ physically interacts with the intracellular carboxyterminus of DLL1 and DLL4 and enables their interaction with the adherens junction protein Nectin-2. Inactivation of the MPDZ gene leads to impaired Notch signaling activity and increased blood vessel sprouting in cellular models and the embryonic mouse hindbrain. Tumor angiogenesis was enhanced upon endothelial-specific inactivation of MPDZ leading to an excessively branched and poorly functional vessel network resulting in tumor hypoxia. As such, we identified MPDZ as a novel modulator of Notch signaling by controlling ligand recruitment to adherens junctions.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Amitai Menuchin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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27
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Poulsen LLC, Edelmann RJ, Krüger S, Diéguez-Hurtado R, Shah A, Stav-Noraas TE, Renzi A, Szymanska M, Wang J, Ehling M, Benedito R, Kasprzycka M, Bækkevold E, Sundnes O, Midwood KS, Scott H, Collas P, Siebel CW, Adams RH, Haraldsen G, Sundlisæter E, Hol J. Inhibition of Endothelial NOTCH1 Signaling Attenuates Inflammation by Reducing Cytokine-Mediated Histone Acetylation at Inflammatory Enhancers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:854-869. [PMID: 29449332 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial upregulation of adhesion molecules serves to recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and appears to be promoted by NOTCH1; however, current models based on interactions between active NOTCH1 and NF-κB components cannot explain the transcriptional selectivity exerted by NOTCH1 in this context. APPROACH AND RESULTS Observing that Cre/Lox-induced conditional mutations of endothelial Notch modulated inflammation in murine contact hypersensitivity, we found that IL (interleukin)-1β stimulation induced rapid recruitment of RELA (v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A) to genomic sites occupied by NOTCH1-RBPJ (recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region) and that NOTCH1 knockdown reduced histone H3K27 acetylation at a subset of NF-κB-directed inflammatory enhancers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that NOTCH1 signaling supports the expression of a subset of inflammatory genes at the enhancer level and demonstrate how key signaling pathways converge on chromatin to coordinate the transition to an infla mmatory endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars la Cour Poulsen
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Reidunn Jetne Edelmann
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Stig Krüger
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Diéguez-Hurtado
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Akshay Shah
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Tor Espen Stav-Noraas
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Anastasia Renzi
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Monika Szymanska
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Junbai Wang
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Manuel Ehling
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Rui Benedito
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Monika Kasprzycka
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Espen Bækkevold
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Olav Sundnes
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Kim S Midwood
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Helge Scott
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Philippe Collas
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Christian W Siebel
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.).
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
| | - Johanna Hol
- From the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet (L.l.C.P., R.J.E., S.K., T.E.S.-N., A.R., M.S., J.W., M.K., E.B., O.S., H.S., G.H., E.S., J.H.), Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medical Sciences (H.S., G.H.) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basal Medical Sciences (A.S., P.C.), University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., M.E., R.B., R.H.A.); Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.S.M.); and Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (C.W.S.)
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Jin R, Luo X, Luan K, Liu L, Sun LD, Yang S, Zhang SQ, Zhang XJ. Disorder of the mevalonate pathway inhibits calcium-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4811-4816. [PMID: 28765912 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of genes encoding the enzymes of the mevalonate pathway cause a variety of diseases, including skin disorders. Mutation of four genes in this pathway, including mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase, have demonstrated to be responsible for porokeratosis (PK). However, the pathogenesis of PK remains unclear. In the present study, specific enzyme inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, including pravastatin (PRA), alendronate (ALD), farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI‑277) and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI‑298), were used to investigate the effect on differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs). Western blotting demonstrated that PRA, ALD, FTI‑277 or GGTI‑298 alone, or in combination, inhibited the expression level of calcium‑induced differentiation maker involucrin (INV) in KCs. ALD and PRA induced greater inhibition of INV compared with FTI‑277 and GGTI‑298 treatment. These inhibitors additionally influenced the expression levels of keratin1. Mechanistic studies revealed that treatment of cells with inhibitors decreased the expression levels of p53 and Notch1, and regulated activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. The results of the present study suggested that regulation of the mevalonate pathway may be necessary for differentiation of KCs, and the pathogenesis of disseminated superficial actinic PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Kang Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Abstract
The disease known as cerebral cavernous malformations mostly occurs in the central nervous system, and their typical histological presentations are multiple lumen formation and vascular leakage at the brain capillary level, resulting in disruption of the blood-brain barrier. These abnormalities result in severe neurological symptoms such as seizures, focal neurological deficits and hemorrhagic strokes. CCM research has identified ‘loss of function’ mutations of three ccm genes responsible for the disease and also complex regulation of multiple signaling pathways including the WNT/β-catenin pathway, TGF-β and Notch signaling by the ccm genes. Although CCM research is a relatively new and small scientific field, as CCM research has the potential to regulate systemic blood vessel permeability and angiogenesis including that of the blood-brain barrier, this field is growing rapidly. In this review, I will provide a brief overview of CCM pathogenesis and function of ccm genes based on recent progress in CCM research. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(5): 255-262]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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30
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Jenny Zhou H, Qin L, Zhang H, Tang W, Ji W, He Y, Liang X, Wang Z, Yuan Q, Vortmeyer A, Toomre D, Fuh G, Yan M, Kluger MS, Wu D, Min W. Endothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation. Nat Med 2016; 22:1033-1042. [PMID: 27548575 PMCID: PMC5014607 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that affect the central nervous system and result in cerebral hemorrhage, seizure and stroke. CCMs arise from loss-of-function mutations in one of three genes: KRIT1 (also known as CCM1), CCM2 or PDCD10 (also known as CCM3). PDCD10 mutations in humans often result in a more severe form of the disease relative to mutations in the other two CCM genes, and PDCD10-knockout mice show severe defects, the mechanistic basis for which is unclear. We have recently reported that CCM3 regulates exocytosis mediated by the UNC13 family of exocytic regulatory proteins. Here, in investigating the role of endothelial cell exocytosis in CCM disease progression, we found that CCM3 suppresses UNC13B- and vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3)-dependent exocytosis of angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) in brain endothelial cells. CCM3 deficiency in endothelial cells augments the exocytosis and secretion of ANGPT2, which is associated with destabilized endothelial cell junctions, enlarged lumen formation and endothelial cell-pericyte dissociation. UNC13B deficiency, which blunts ANGPT2 secretion from endothelial cells, or treatment with an ANGPT2-neutralizing antibody normalizes the defects in the brain and retina caused by endothelial-cell-specific CCM3 deficiency, including the disruption of endothelial cell junctions, vessel dilation and pericyte dissociation. Thus, enhanced secretion of ANGPT2 in endothelial cells contributes to the progression of CCM disease, providing a new therapeutic approach for treating this devastating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Darron Medscience, Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun He
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Yuan
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alexander Vortmeyer
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Germaine Fuh
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Minghong Yan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Martin S. Kluger
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Darron Medscience, Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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Yang WJ, Hu J, Uemura A, Tetzlaff F, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Semaphorin-3C signals through Neuropilin-1 and PlexinD1 receptors to inhibit pathological angiogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2016. [PMID: 26194913 PMCID: PMC4604683 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity causes visual impairment due to destructive neoangiogenesis after degeneration of the retinal microvasculature. This study was aimed at analyzing whether local delivery of Semaphorin-3C (Sema3C) suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis. Sema3C exerted potent inhibiting effects in cellular models of angiogenesis. In an endothelial cell xenotransplantation assay, Sema3C acted primarily on immature microvessels by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. Intravitreal administration of recombinant Sema3C disrupted endothelial tip cell formation and cell–cell contacts, which led to decreased vascular bed expansion and vessel branching in the growing retinal vasculature of newborn mice, while not affecting mature vessels in the adult retina. Sema3C administration strongly inhibited the formation of pathological pre-retinal vascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy. Mechanistically, Sema3C signaled through the receptors Neuropilin-1 and PlexinD1, which were strongly expressed on vascular tufts, induced VE-cadherin internalization, and abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced activation of the kinases AKT, FAK, and p38MAPK. This disrupted endothelial cell junctions, focal adhesions, and cytoskeleton assembly resulted in decreased cell migration and survival. Thus, this study identified Sema3C as a potent and selective inhibitor of pathological retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jen Yang
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM) Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM) Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM) Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Haack T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. The force within: endocardial development, mechanotransduction and signalling during cardiac morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:373-86. [PMID: 26839341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial cells are cardiac endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart tube. Historically, their contribution to cardiac development has mainly been considered from a morphological perspective. However, recent studies have begun to define novel instructive roles of the endocardium, as a sensor and signal transducer of biophysical forces induced by blood flow, and as an angiocrine signalling centre that is involved in myocardial cellular morphogenesis, regeneration and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss how the endocardium develops, how endocardial-myocardial interactions influence the developing embryonic heart, and how the dysregulation of blood flow-responsive endocardial signalling can result in pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Haack
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
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33
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Kar S, Baisantry A, Nabavi A, Bertalanffy H. Role of Delta-Notch signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 39:581-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-015-0699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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ANKS1B Interacts with the Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Protein-1 and Controls Endothelial Permeability but Not Sprouting Angiogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145304. [PMID: 26698571 PMCID: PMC4699217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are fragile blood vessel conglomerates in the central nervous system that are caused by mutations in the CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2 or CCM3 genes. The gene products form a protein complex at adherens junctions and loss of either CCM protein disrupts endothelial cell quiescence leading to increased permeability and excessive angiogenesis. We performed a yeast 2-hybrid screen to identify novel proteins directly interacting with KRIT1. The ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1B (ANKS1B) was identified as a novel binding partner of KRIT1. Silencing of ANKS1B or the related gene ANKS1A in primary human endothelial cells had no significant effects on cellular proliferation, migration and sprouting angiogenesis. However, silencing of ANKS1B expression disturbed endothelial cell barrier functions leading to increased permeability. Forced ANKS1B expression reduced permeability. This was independent of Rho kinase activity and the presence of KRIT1. Taken together, ANKS1B was identified as a novel KRIT1-interacting protein that selectively controls endothelial permeability but not angiogenesis.
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35
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White MP, Theodoris CV, Liu L, Collins WJ, Blue KW, Lee JH, Meng X, Robbins RC, Ivey KN, Srivastava D. NOTCH1 regulates matrix gla protein and calcification gene networks in human valve endothelium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:13-23. [PMID: 25871831 PMCID: PMC4468000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Valvular and vascular calcification are common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Developing effective treatments requires understanding the molecular underpinnings of these processes. Shear stress is thought to play a role in inhibiting calcification. Furthermore, NOTCH1 regulates vascular and valvular endothelium, and human mutations in NOTCH1 can cause calcific aortic valve disease. Here, we determined the genome-wide impact of altering shear stress and NOTCH signaling on human aortic valve endothelium. mRNA-sequencing of primary human aortic valve endothelial cells (HAVECs) with or without knockdown of NOTCH1, in the presence or absence of shear stress, revealed NOTCH1-dependency of the atherosclerosis-related gene connexin 40 (GJA5), and numerous repressors of endochondral ossification. Among these, matrix gla protein (MGP) is highly expressed in aortic valve and vasculature, and inhibits soft tissue calcification by sequestering bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Altering NOTCH1 levels affected MGP mRNA and protein in HAVECs. Furthermore, shear stress activated NOTCH signaling and MGP in a NOTCH1-dependent manner. NOTCH1 positively regulated endothelial MGP in vivo through specific binding motifs upstream of MGP. Our studies suggest that shear stress activates NOTCH1 in primary human aortic valve endothelial cells leading to downregulation of osteoblast-like gene networks that play a role in tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P White
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christina V Theodoris
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - William J Collins
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kathleen W Blue
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joon Ho Lee
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert C Robbins
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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van den Berg MCW, Burgering BMT. CCM1 and the second life of proteins in adhesion complexes. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:146-57. [PMID: 24714220 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that a number of proteins present within adhesion complexes perform discrete signaling functions outside these adhesion complexes, including transcriptional control. In this respect, β-catenin is a well-known example of an adhesion protein present both in cadherin complexes and in the nucleus where it regulates the TCF transcription factor. Here we discuss nuclear functions of adhesion complex proteins with a special focus on the CCM-1/KRIT-1 protein, which may turn out to be yet another adhesion complex protein with a second life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike C W van den Berg
- Center for Molecular Medicine; Dept. Molecular Cancer Research; University Medical Center Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine; Dept. Molecular Cancer Research; University Medical Center Utrecht; The Netherlands
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37
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Klose R, Berger C, Moll I, Adam MG, Schwarz F, Mohr K, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Soluble Notch ligand and receptor peptides act antagonistically during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:153-63. [PMID: 25975260 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Notch signalling is essential for blood vessel formation. During angiogenesis, the Notch ligand DLL4 on the leading tip cell activates Notch receptors on the adjacent stalk cells. DLL4-Notch signalling is impaired by the Notch ligand JAG1 in endothelial cells. The Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) domain of the Notch ligands binds to the EGF-like repeats 11-13 of the Notch receptor. This study aimed to elucidate how soluble proteins containing these short domains interfere with Notch signalling during angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenoviral vectors were generated to express the DSL domains of DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, and the Notch1 EGF-like repeats 11-13 fused to immunoglobulin-G heavy chain. These soluble ligand peptides inhibited Notch signalling in endothelial cells and this caused hyperbranching in cellular angiogenesis assays and in the neonatal mouse retina. The soluble Notch receptor peptides bound stronger to JAG1 than DLL4 ligands, resulting in increased signalling activity. This led to impaired tip cell formation and less vessel sprouting in the retina. CONCLUSION The minimal binding domains of Notch ligands are sufficient to interfere with Notch signalling. The corresponding soluble Notch1 EGF11-13 peptide binds stronger to inhibitory Notch ligands and thereby promotes Notch signalling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Caroline Berger
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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38
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Lee M, Kiefel H, LaJevic MD, Macauley MS, Kawashima H, O'Hara E, Pan J, Paulson JC, Butcher EC. Transcriptional programs of lymphoid tissue capillary and high endothelium reveal control mechanisms for lymphocyte homing. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:982-95. [PMID: 25173345 PMCID: PMC4222088 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are recruited from blood by high-endothelial venules (HEVs). We performed transcriptomic analyses and identified molecular signatures that distinguish HEVs from capillary endothelium and that define tissue-specific HEV specialization. Capillaries expressed gene programs for vascular development. HEV-expressed genes showed enrichment for genes encoding molecules involved in immunological defense and lymphocyte migration. We identify capillary and HEV markers and candidate mechanisms for regulated recruitment of lymphocytes, including a lymph node HEV-selective transmembrane mucin; transcriptional control of functionally specialized carbohydrate ligands for lymphocyte L-selectin; HEV expression of molecules for transendothelial migration; and metabolic programs for lipid mediators of lymphocyte motility and chemotaxis. We also elucidate a carbohydrate-recognition pathway that targets B cells to intestinal lymphoid tissues, defining CD22 as a lectin-homing receptor for mucosal HEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Helena Kiefel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa D LaJevic
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | | | - Edward O'Hara
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- 1] Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA. [3] The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Shi L, Fisslthaler B, Zippel N, Frömel T, Hu J, Elgheznawy A, Heide H, Popp R, Fleming I. MicroRNA-223 Antagonizes Angiogenesis by Targeting β1 Integrin and Preventing Growth Factor Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2013; 113:1320-30. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Endothelial cells in situ are largely quiescent, and their isolation and culture are associated with the switch to a proliferative phenotype.
Objective:
To identify antiangiogenic microRNAs expressed by native endothelial cells that are altered after isolation and culture, as well as the protein targets that regulate responses to growth factors.
Methods and Results:
Profiling studies revealed that miR-223 was highly expressed in freshly isolated human, murine, and porcine endothelial cells, but those levels decreased in culture. In primary cultures of endothelial cells, vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor further decreased miR-223 expression. The overexpression of precursor-miR-223 did not affect basal endothelial cell proliferation but abrogated vascular endothelial cell growth factor–induced and basic fibroblast growth factor–induced proliferation, as well as migration and sprouting. Inhibition of miR-223 in vivo using specific antagomirs potentiated postnatal retinal angiogenesis in wild-type mice, whereas recovery of perfusion after femoral artery ligation and endothelial sprouting from aortic rings from adult miR-223
−/y
animals were enhanced. MiR-223 overexpression had no effect on the growth factor–induced activation of ERK1/2 but inhibited the vascular endothelial cell growth factor–induced and basic fibroblast growth factor–induced phosphorylation of their receptors and activation of Akt. β1 integrin was identified as a target of miR-223 and its downregulation reproduced the defects in growth factor receptor phosphorylation and Akt signaling seen after miR-223 overexpression. Reintroduction of β1 integrin into miR-223–ovexpressing cells was sufficient to rescue growth factor signaling and angiogenesis.
Conclusions:
These results indicate that miR-223 is an antiangiogenic microRNA that prevents endothelial cell proliferation at least partly by targeting β1 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Nina Zippel
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Timo Frömel
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Jiong Hu
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Amro Elgheznawy
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Heinrich Heide
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (L.S., B.F., N.Z., T.F., J.H., A.E., R.P., I.F.); and Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.H.)
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Yu PH, Chou SF, Chen CL, Hung H, Lai CY, Yang PM, Jeng YM, Liaw SF, Kuo HH, Hsu HC, Chen JY, Wang WB. Upregulation of endocan by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and its clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82254. [PMID: 24340011 PMCID: PMC3855342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan (or called Esm-1) has been shown to have tumorigenic activities and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded oncoprotein and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To further understand the role of LMP1 in the pathogenesis of NPC, microarray analysis of LMP1-regulated genes in epithelial cells was performed. We found that endocan was one of the major cellular genes upregulated by LMP1. This induction of endocan by LMP1 was confirmed in several epithelial cell lines including an NPC cell line. Upregulation of endocan by LMP1 was found to be mediated through the CTAR1 and CTAR2 domains of LMP1 and through the LMP1-activated NF-κB, MEK-ERK and JNK signaling pathways. To study whether endocan was expressed in NPC and whether endocan expression was associated with LMP1 expression in NPC, the expression of endocan and LMP1 in tumor tissues from 42 NPC patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Expression of endocan was found in 52% of NPC specimens. Significant correlation between LMP1 and endocan expression was observed (p<0.0001). Moreover, NPC patients with endocan expression were found to have a shorter survival than NPC patients without endocan expression (p=0.0104, log-rank test). Univariate and Multivariate analyses revealed that endocan was a potential prognostic factor for NPC. Finally, we demonstrated that endocan could stimulate the migration and invasion ability of endothelial cells and this activity of endocan was dependent on the glycan moiety and the phenylalanine-rich region of endocan. Together, these studies not only identify a new molecular marker that may predict the survival of NPC patients but also provide a new insight to the pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medial University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung Hung
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fang Liaw
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Hsien Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hey-Chi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Won-Bo Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Fisher OS, Boggon TJ. Signaling pathways and the cerebral cavernous malformations proteins: lessons from structural biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1881-92. [PMID: 24287896 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are neurovascular dysplasias that result in mulberry-shaped lesions predominantly located in brain and spinal tissues. Mutations in three genes are associated with CCM. These genes encode for the proteins KRIT1/CCM1 (krev interaction trapped 1/cerebral cavernous malformations 1), cerebral cavernous malformations 2, osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3 (CCM2/malcavernin/OSM), and cerebral cavernous malformations 3/programmed cell death 10 (CCM3/PDCD10). There have been many significant recent advances in our understanding of the structure and function of these proteins, as well as in their roles in cellular signaling. Here, we provide an update on the current knowledge of the structure of the CCM proteins and their functions within cellular signaling, particularly in cellular adhesion complexes and signaling cascades. We go on to discuss subcellular localization of the CCM proteins, the formation and regulation of the CCM complex signaling platform, and current progress towards targeted therapy for CCM disease. Recent structural studies have begun to shed new light on CCM protein function, and we focus here on how these studies have helped inform the current understanding of these roles and how they may aid future studies into both CCM-related biology and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana S Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B-316A, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Faurobert E, Rome C, Lisowska J, Manet-Dupé S, Boulday G, Malbouyres M, Balland M, Bouin AP, Kéramidas M, Bouvard D, Coll JL, Ruggiero F, Tournier-Lasserve E, Albiges-Rizo C. CCM1-ICAP-1 complex controls β1 integrin-dependent endothelial contractility and fibronectin remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:545-61. [PMID: 23918940 PMCID: PMC3734079 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201303044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CCM1/2 leads to destabilization of ICAP-1 and up-regulation of β1 integrin, resulting in the destabilization of intercellular junctions due to increased cell contractility and aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling. The endothelial CCM complex regulates blood vessel stability and permeability. Loss-of-function mutations in CCM genes are responsible for human cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), which are characterized by clusters of hemorrhagic dilated capillaries composed of endothelium lacking mural cells and altered sub-endothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). Association of the CCM1/2 complex with ICAP-1, an inhibitor of β1 integrin, prompted us to investigate whether the CCM complex interferes with integrin signaling. We demonstrate that CCM1/2 loss resulted in ICAP-1 destabilization, which increased β1 integrin activation and led to increased RhoA-dependent contractility. The resulting abnormal distribution of forces led to aberrant ECM remodeling around lesions of CCM1- and CCM2-deficient mice. ICAP-1–deficient vessels displayed similar defects. We demonstrate that a positive feedback loop between the aberrant ECM and internal cellular tension led to decreased endothelial barrier function. Our data support that up-regulation of β1 integrin activation participates in the progression of CCM lesions by destabilizing intercellular junctions through increased cell contractility and aberrant ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Faurobert
- INSERM U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38042, France.
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Hein M, Graver S. Tumor cell response to bevacizumab single agent therapy in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:94. [PMID: 24059699 PMCID: PMC3849065 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis represents a highly multi-factorial and multi-cellular complex (patho-) physiologic event involving endothelial cells, tumor cells in malignant conditions, as well as bone marrow derived cells and stromal cells. One main driver is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), which is known to interact with endothelial cells as a survival and mitogenic signal. The role of VEGFA on tumor cells and /or tumor stromal cell interaction is less clear. Condition specific (e.g. hypoxia) or tumor specific expression of VEGFA, VEGF receptors and co-receptors on tumor cells has been reported, in addition to the expression on the endothelium. This suggests a potential paracrine/autocrine loop that could affect changes specific to tumor cells. Methods We used the monoclonal antibody against VEGFA, bevacizumab, in various in vitro experiments using cell lines derived from different tumor entities (non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC)) in order to determine if potential VEGFA signaling could be blocked in tumor cells. The experiments were done under hypoxia, a major inducer of VEGFA and angiogenesis, in an attempt to mimic the physiological tumor condition. Known VEGFA induced endothelial biological responses such as proliferation, migration, survival and gene expression changes were evaluated. Results Our study was able to demonstrate expression of VEGF receptors on tumor cells as well as hypoxia regulated angiogenic gene expression. In addition, there was a cell line specific effect in tumor cells by VEGFA blockade with bevacizumab in terms of proliferation; however overall, there was a limited measurable consequence of bevacizumab therapy detected by migration and survival. Conclusion The present study showed in a variety of in vitro experiments with several tumor cell lines from different tumor origins, that by blocking VEGFA with bevacizumab, there was a limited autocrine or cell-autonomous function of VEGFA signaling in tumor cells, when evaluating VEGFA induced downstream outputs known in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hein
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Adam MG, Berger C, Feldner A, Yang WJ, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Herberich SE, Pinder M, Gesierich S, Hammes HP, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Synaptojanin-2 binding protein stabilizes the Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL4 and inhibits sprouting angiogenesis. Circ Res 2013; 113:1206-18. [PMID: 24025447 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The formation of novel blood vessels is initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor. Subsequently, DLL4-Notch signaling controls the selection of tip cells, which guide new sprouts, and trailing stalk cells. Notch signaling in stalk cells is induced by DLL4 on the tip cells. Moreover, DLL4 and DLL1 are expressed in the stalk cell plexus to maintain Notch signaling. Notch loss-of-function causes formation of a hyperdense vascular network with disturbed blood flow. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at identifying novel modifiers of Notch signaling that interact with the intracellular domains of DLL1 and DLL4. METHODS AND RESULTS Synaptojanin-2 binding protein (SYNJ2BP, also known as ARIP2) interacted with the PDZ binding motif of DLL1 and DLL4, but not with the Notch ligand Jagged-1. SYNJ2BP was preferentially expressed in stalk cells, enhanced DLL1 and DLL4 protein stability, and promoted Notch signaling in endothelial cells. SYNJ2BP induced expression of the Notch target genes HEY1, lunatic fringe (LFNG), and ephrin-B2, reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and decreased expression of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. It inhibited the expression of genes enriched in tip cells, such as angiopoietin-2, ESM1, and Apelin, and impaired tip cell formation. SYNJ2BP inhibited endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. This could be rescued by blockade of Notch signaling or application of angiopoietin-2. SYNJ2BP-silenced human endothelial cells formed a functional vascular network in immunocompromised mice with significantly increased vascular density. CONCLUSIONS These data identify SYNJ2BP as a novel inhibitor of tip cell formation, executing its functions predominately by promoting Delta-Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordian Adam
- From Division of Vascular Signaling and Cancer (M.G.A., C.B., A.F., W.-J.Y., S.E.H., A.F.) and Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (S.G., H.G.A.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (M.G.A., C.B., W.-J.Y., J.W.-L., S.E.H., M.P., H.G.A., A.F.) and Fifth Medical Department (H.-P.H.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany (J.W.-L.)
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Schaafhausen MK, Yang WJ, Centanin L, Wittbrodt J, Bosserhoff A, Fischer A, Schartl M, Meierjohann S. Tumor angiogenesis is caused by single melanoma cells in a manner dependent on reactive oxygen species and NF-κB. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3862-72. [PMID: 23843609 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas have a high angiogenic potential, but respond poorly to medical treatment and metastasize very early. To understand the early events in tumor angiogenesis, animal models with high tumor resolution and blood vessel resolution are required, which provide the opportunity to test the ability of small molecule inhibitors to modulate the angiogenic tumor program. We have established a transgenic melanoma angiogenesis model in the small laboratory fish species Japanese medaka. Here, pigment cells are transformed by an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase in fish expressing GFP throughout their vasculature. We show that angiogenesis occurs in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and NF-κB-dependent, but hypoxia-independent manner. Intriguingly, we observed that blood vessel sprouting is induced even by single transformed pigment cells. The oncogenic receptor as well as human melanoma cells harboring other oncogenes caused the production of pro-angiogenic factors, most prominently angiogenin, through NF-κB signaling. Inhibiting NF-κB prevented tumor angiogenesis and led to the regression of existing tumor blood vessels. In conclusion, our high-resolution medaka melanoma model discloses that ROS and NF-κB signaling from single tumor cells causes hypoxia-independent angiogenesis, thus, demonstrating that the intrinsic malignant tumor cell features are sufficient to initiate and maintain a pro-angiogenic signaling threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian K Schaafhausen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
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Liu W, Boggon TJ. Cocrystal structure of the ICAP1 PTB domain in complex with a KRIT1 peptide. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:494-8. [PMID: 23695561 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113010762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (ICAP1) is a suppressor of integrin activation and directly binds to the cytoplasmic tail of β1 integrins; its binding suppresses integrin activation by competition with talin. Krev/Rap1 interaction trapped-1 (KRIT1) releases ICAP1 suppression of integrin activation by sequestering ICAP1 away from integrin cytoplasmic tails. Here, the cocrystal structure of the PTB domain of ICAP1 in complex with a 29-amino-acid fragment (residues 170-198) of KRIT1 is presented to 1.7 Å resolution [the resolution at which 〈I/σ(I)〉 = 2.9 was 1.83 Å]. In previous studies, the structure of ICAP1 with integrin β1 was determined to 3.0 Å resolution and that of ICAP1 with the N-terminal portion of KRIT1 (residues 1-198) was determined to 2.54 Å resolution; therefore, this study provides the highest resolution structure yet of ICAP1 and allows further detailed analysis of the interaction of ICAP1 with its minimal binding region in KRIT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Fischer A, Zalvide J, Faurobert E, Albiges-Rizo C, Tournier-Lasserve E. Cerebral cavernous malformations: from CCM genes to endothelial cell homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:302-8. [PMID: 23506982 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that can occur sporadically or as a consequence of inherited loss-of-function mutations, predominantly in the genes CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607, OSM, Malcavernin), or CCM3 (PDCD10, TFAR15). Inherited, familial CCM is characterized by the development of multiple lesions throughout a patient's life leading to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Recently, roles for the CCM proteins in maintaining vascular barrier functions and quiescence have been elucidated, and in this review we summarize the genetics and pathophysiology of this disease and discuss the molecular mechanisms through which CCM proteins may act within blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu W, Draheim KM, Zhang R, Calderwood DA, Boggon TJ. Mechanism for KRIT1 release of ICAP1-mediated suppression of integrin activation. Mol Cell 2013; 49:719-29. [PMID: 23317506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
KRIT1 (Krev/Rap1 Interaction Trapped-1) mutations are observed in ∼40% of autosomal-dominant cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), a disease occurring in up to 0.5% of the population. We show that KRIT1 functions as a switch for β1 integrin activation by antagonizing ICAP1 (Integrin Cytoplasmic Associated Protein-1)-mediated modulation of "inside-out" activation. We present cocrystal structures of KRIT1 with ICAP1 and ICAP1 with integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail to 2.54 and 3.0 Å resolution (the resolutions at which I/σI = 2 are 2.75 and 3.0 Å, respectively). We find that KRIT1 binds ICAP1 by a bidentate surface, that KRIT1 directly competes with integrin β1 to bind ICAP1, and that KRIT1 antagonizes ICAP1-modulated integrin activation using this site. We also find that KRIT1 contains an N-terminal Nudix domain, in a region previously designated as unstructured. We therefore provide insights to integrin regulation and CCM-associated KRIT1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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No evidence for a functional role of bi-directional Notch signaling during angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53074. [PMID: 23300864 PMCID: PMC3532505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Delta-Notch pathway is a signal exchanger between adjacent cells to regulate numerous differentiation steps during embryonic development. Blood vessel formation by sprouting angiogenesis requires high expression of the Notch ligand DLL4 in the leading tip cell, while Notch receptors in the trailing stalk cells are activated by DLL4 to achieve strong Notch signaling activity. Upon ligand binding, Notch receptors are cleaved by ADAM proteases and gamma-secretase. This releases the intracellular Notch domain that acts as a transcription factor. There is evidence that also Notch ligands (DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, JAG2) are processed upon receptor binding to influence transcription in the ligand-expressing cell. Thus, the existence of bi-directional Delta-Notch signaling has been proposed. We report here that the Notch ligands DLL1 and JAG1 are processed in endothelial cells in a gamma-secretase-dependent manner and that the intracellular ligand domains accumulate in the cell nucleus. Overexpression of JAG1 intracellular domain (ICD) as well as DLL1-ICD, DLL4-ICD and NOTCH1-ICD inhibited endothelial proliferation. Whereas NOTCH1-ICD strongly repressed endothelial migration and sprouting angiogenesis, JAG1-ICD, DLL1-ICD and DLL4-ICD had no significant effects. Consistently, global gene expression patterns were only marginally affected by the processed Notch ligands. In addition to its effects as a transcription factor, NOTCH1-ICD promotes cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix in a transcription-independent manner. However, JAG1-ICD, DLL1-ICD and DLL4-ICD did not influence endothelial cell adhesion. In summary, reverse signaling of Notch ligands appears to be dispensable for angiogenesis in cellular systems.
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012; 111:e205-29. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.280941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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