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Li P, Kurata Y, Taufiq F, Kuwabara M, Ninomiya H, Higaki K, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Lanaspa MA, Hisatome I. Kv1.5 channel mediates monosodium urate-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and arrhythmogenic effects of urate on cardiomyocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5939-5952. [PMID: 35368226 PMCID: PMC9270276 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is usually found in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). K+ efflux is a common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. We investigated the role of the K+ channel Kv1.5 in monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and electrical remodeling in mouse and human macrophages J774.1 and THP-1, and mouse atrial myocytes HL-1. METHODS AND RESULTS Macrophages, primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were stimulated by MSU. HL-1 cells were incubated with the conditioned medium (CM) from MSU-stimulated macrophages. Western blot, ELISA and patch clamp were used. MSU induced caspase-1 expression in LPS-primed J774.1 cells and IL-1β secretion, suggesting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A selective Kv1.5 inhibitor, diphenyl phosphine oxide-1 (DPO-1), and siRNAs against Kv1.5 suppressed the levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β. MSU reduced intracellular K+ concentration which was prevented by DPO-1 and siRNAs against Kv1.5. MSU increased expression of Hsp70, and Kv1.5 on the plasma membrane. siRNAs against Hsp70 were suppressed but heat shock increased the expression of Hsp70, caspase-1, IL-1β, and Kv1.5 in MSU-stimulated J774.1 cells. The CM from MSU-stimulated macrophages enhanced the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β and Kv1.5 with increased Kv1.5-mediated currents that shortened action potential duration in HL-1 cells. These responses were abolished by DPO-1 and a siRNA against Kv1.5. CONCLUSIONS Kv1.5 regulates MSU-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. MSUrelated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and electrical remodeling in HL-1 cells are via macrophages. Kv1.5 may have therapeutic value for diseases related to gout-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammsome, including AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Fikri Taufiq
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
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2
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Utami SB, Endo R, Hamada T, Notsu T, Minato H, Komatsu K, Nakayama Y, Shirayoshi Y, Yamamoto K, Okada S, Ninomiya H, Otuki A, Hisatome I. Hsp70 promotes maturation of uromodulin mutants that cause familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy and suppresses cellular damage. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:522-529. [PMID: 35212881 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in UMOD. Here we studied effects of genetic expression and pharmacological induction of Hsp70 on the UMOD mutants C112Y and C217G. METHODS We expressed wild type (WT), C112Y and C217G in HEK293 cells and studied their maturation and cellular damage using western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS Expression of C112Y or C217G increased pro-apoptotic proteins, decreased anti-apoptotic proteins, and induced cellular apoptosis as examined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Overexpression of Hsp70 or administration of an Hsp70 inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) promoted maturation of the mutant proteins, increased their secreted forms, normalized the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and suppressed apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that Hsp70 enhanced maturation of C112Y and C217G and reduced cellular apoptosis, suggesting that Hsp70 induction might be of a therapeutic value for treatment of FJHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulistiyati Bayu Utami
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koji Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Japan
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3
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Zheng Z, Cai D, Fu Y, Wang Y, Song Y, Lian J. Chronic Administration of COVID-19 Drugs Fluvoxamine and Lopinavir Shortens Action Potential Duration by Inhibiting the Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene and Cav1.2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889713. [PMID: 35873575 PMCID: PMC9301601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Old drugs for new indications in the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have raised concerns regarding cardiotoxicity, especially the development of drug-induced QT prolongation. The acute blocking of the cardiac hERG potassium channel is conventionally thought to be the primary mechanism of QT prolongation induced by COVID-19 drugs fluvoxamine (FLV) and lopinavir (LPV). The chronic impact of these medications on the hERG expression has yet to be determined. Methods: To investigate the effect of long-term incubation of FLV and LPV on the hERG channel, we used electrophysiological assays and molecular experiments, such as Western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence, in HEK-293 cells stably expressing hERG and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Results: Compared to the acute effects, chronic incubation for FLV and LPV generated much lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, along with a left-shifted activation curve and retarded channel activation. Inconsistent with the reduction in current, we unexpectedly found that the chronic effects of drugs promoted the maturation of hERG proteins, accompanied by the high expression of Hsp70 and low expression of Hsp90. Targeting Hsp70 using siRNA was able to reverse the effects of these drugs on hERG proteins. In addition, FLV and LPV resulted in a significant reduction of APD90 and triggered the early after-depolarizations (EADs), as well as inhibited the protein level of the L-type voltage-operated calcium channel (L-VOCC) in hiPSC-CMs. Conclusion: Chronic incubation with FLV and LPV produced more severe channel-blocking effects and contributed to altered channel gating and shortened action potential duration by inhibiting hERG and Cav1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dihui Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongfei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yongfei Song , ; Jiangfang Lian,
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yongfei Song , ; Jiangfang Lian,
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4
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Shaukat I, Bakhos-Douaihy D, Zhu Y, Seaayfan E, Demaretz S, Frachon N, Weber S, Kömhoff M, Vargas-Poussou R, Laghmani K. New insights into the role of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in Bartter Syndrome Type 1. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:947-968. [PMID: 33973684 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, NKCC2, lead to type I Bartter syndrome (BS1), a life-threatening kidney disease. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular regulation of NKCC2 mutants remains poor. Here, we aimed to identify the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of one novel and three previously reported missense NKCC2 mutations. Co-immunolocalization studies revealed that all NKCC2 variants are not functional because they are not expressed at the cell surface due to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cycloheximide chase assays together with treatment by protein degradation and mannose trimming inhibitors demonstrated that the defect in NKCC2 maturation arises from ER retention and associated degradation (ERAD). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down experiments revealed that the ER lectin OS9 is involved in the ERAD of NKCC2 mutants. 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) treatment mimicked OS9 knock-down effect on NKCC2 mutants by stabilizing their immature forms. Importantly, out of the four studied mutants, only one showed an increased protein maturation upon treatment with glycerol. In summary, our study reveals that BS1 is among diseases linked to the ERAD pathway. Moreover, our data open the possibility that maturation of some ER retained NKCC2 variants is correctable by chemical chaperones offering, therefore, promising avenues in elucidating the molecular pathways governing the ERAD of NKCC2 folding mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Shaukat
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Elie Seaayfan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Demaretz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Frachon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kömhoff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Kamel Laghmani
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL8228, Paris, France
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5
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Zhan G, Wang F, Ding YQ, Li XH, Li YX, Zhao ZR, Li JX, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yan CC, Li BX. Rutaecarpine targets hERG channels and participates in regulating electrophysiological properties leading to ventricular arrhythmia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4938-4949. [PMID: 33939251 PMCID: PMC8178274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-mediated or medical condition-mediated disruption of hERG function accounts for the main cause of acquired long-QT syndrome (acLQTs), which predisposes affected individuals to ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden death. Many Chinese herbal medicines, especially alkaloids, have risks of arrhythmia in clinical application. The characterized mechanisms behind this adverse effect are frequently associated with inhibition of cardiac hERG channels. The present study aimed to assess the potent effect of Rutaecarpine (Rut) on hERG channels. hERG-HEK293 cell was applied for evaluating the effect of Rut on hERG channels and the underlying mechanism. hERG current (IhERG ) was measured by patch-clamp technique. Protein levels were analysed by Western blot, and the phosphorylation of Sp1 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Optical mapping and programmed electrical stimulation were used to evaluate cardiac electrophysiological activities, such as APD, QT/QTc, occurrence of arrhythmia, phase singularities (PSs), and dominant frequency (DF). Our results demonstrated that Rut reduced the IhERG by binding to F656 and Y652 amino acid residues of hERG channel instantaneously, subsequently accelerating the channel inactivation, and being trapped in the channel. The level of hERG channels was reduced by incubating with Rut for 24 hours, and Sp1 in nucleus was inhibited simultaneously. Mechanismly, Rut reduced threonine (Thr)/ tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation of Sp1 through PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate hERG channels expression. Cell-based model unables to fully reveal the pathological process of arrhythmia. In vivo study, we found that Rut prolonged QT/QTc intervals and increased induction rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in guinea pig heart after being dosed Rut for 2 weeks. The critical reasons led to increased incidence of arrhythmias eventually were prolonged APD90 and APD50 and the increase of DF, numbers of PSs, incidence of early after-depolarizations (EADs). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Rut could reduce the IhERG by binding to hERG channels through F656 and Y652 instantaneously. While, the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 axis may play an essential role in the regulation of hERG channels, from the perspective of the long-term effects of Rut (incubating for 24 hours). Importantly, the changes of electrophysiological properties by Rut were the main cause of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun-Qi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai-Chuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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6
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Ghiboub M, Elfiky AMI, de Winther MPJ, Harker NR, Tough DF, de Jonge WJ. Selective Targeting of Epigenetic Readers and Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33922725 PMCID: PMC8145108 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) play a key role in chromatin remodeling. Based on their ability to regulate inducible gene expression in the context of inflammation and cancer, HDACs and BCPs have been the focus of drug discovery efforts, and numerous small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, dose-limiting toxicities of the first generation of inhibitors, which typically target multiple HDACs or BCPs, have limited translation to the clinic. Over the last decade, an increasing effort has been dedicated to designing class-, isoform-, or domain-specific HDAC or BCP inhibitors, as well as developing strategies for cell-specific targeted drug delivery. Selective inhibition of the epigenetic modulators is helping to elucidate the functions of individual epigenetic proteins and has the potential to yield better and safer therapeutic strategies. In accordance with this idea, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the ability of more selective HDAC/BCP inhibitors to recapitulate the beneficial effects of pan-inhibitors with less unwanted adverse events. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances with these strategies, discussing advantages and limitations of these approaches as well as some therapeutic perspectives, focusing on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Ahmed M. I. Elfiky
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola R. Harker
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - David F. Tough
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (N.R.H.); (D.F.T.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (A.M.I.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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7
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Differential Effects of STCH and Stress-Inducible Hsp70 on the Stability and Maturation of NKCC2. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 33672238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter NKCC2 lead to type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease. We previously showed that export from the ER constitutes the limiting step in NKCC2 maturation and cell surface expression. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain obscure. Here, we report the identification of chaperone stress 70 protein (STCH) and the stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as two novel binding partners of the ER-resident form of NKCC2. STCH knock-down increased total NKCC2 expression whereas Hsp70 knock-down or its inhibition by YM-01 had the opposite effect. Accordingly, overexpressing of STCH and Hsp70 exerted opposite actions on total protein abundance of NKCC2 and its folding mutants. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that in cells over-expressing STCH, NKCC2 stability and maturation are heavily impaired. In contrast to STCH, Hsp70 co-expression increased NKCC2 maturation. Interestingly, treatment by protein degradation inhibitors revealed that in addition to the proteasome, the ER associated degradation (ERAD) of NKCC2 mediated by STCH, involves also the ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation pathway. In summary, our data are consistent with STCH and Hsp70 having differential and antagonistic effects with regard to NKCC2 biogenesis. These findings may have an impact on our understanding and potential treatment of diseases related to aberrant NKCC2 trafficking and expression.
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8
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Differential Effects of STCH and Stress-Inducible Hsp70 on the Stability and Maturation of NKCC2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042207. [PMID: 33672238 PMCID: PMC7926544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter NKCC2 lead to type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease. We previously showed that export from the ER constitutes the limiting step in NKCC2 maturation and cell surface expression. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain obscure. Here, we report the identification of chaperone stress 70 protein (STCH) and the stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as two novel binding partners of the ER-resident form of NKCC2. STCH knock-down increased total NKCC2 expression whereas Hsp70 knock-down or its inhibition by YM-01 had the opposite effect. Accordingly, overexpressing of STCH and Hsp70 exerted opposite actions on total protein abundance of NKCC2 and its folding mutants. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that in cells over-expressing STCH, NKCC2 stability and maturation are heavily impaired. In contrast to STCH, Hsp70 co-expression increased NKCC2 maturation. Interestingly, treatment by protein degradation inhibitors revealed that in addition to the proteasome, the ER associated degradation (ERAD) of NKCC2 mediated by STCH, involves also the ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation pathway. In summary, our data are consistent with STCH and Hsp70 having differential and antagonistic effects with regard to NKCC2 biogenesis. These findings may have an impact on our understanding and potential treatment of diseases related to aberrant NKCC2 trafficking and expression.
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9
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Otani N, Kurata Y, Maharani N, Kuwabara M, Ikeda N, Notsu T, Li P, Miake J, Yoshida A, Sakaguchi H, Higaki K, Nakasone N, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Ouchi M, Ninomiya H, Yamamoto K, Anzai N, Hisatome I. Evidence for Urate Uptake Through Monocarboxylate Transporter 9 Expressed in Mammalian Cells and Its Enhancement by Heat Shock. Circ Rep 2020; 2:425-432. [PMID: 33693264 PMCID: PMC7819574 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-20-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Monocarboxylate transporter 9 (MCT9), an orphan transporter member of the solute carrier family 16 (SLC16), possibly reabsorbs uric acid in the renal tubule and has been suggested by genome-wide association studies to be involved in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study we investigated the mechanisms regulating the expression of human (h) MCT9, its degradation, and physiological functions. Methods and Results: hMCT9-FLAG was stably expressed in HEK293 cells and its degradation, intracellular localization, and urate uptake activities were assessed by pulse-chase analysis, immunofluorescence, and [14C]-urate uptake experiments, respectively. hMCT9-FLAG was localized on the plasma membrane as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystine increased levels of hMCT9-FLAG protein expression with enhanced ubiquitination, prolonged their half-life, and decreased [14C]-urate uptake. [14C]-urate uptake was increased by both heat shock (HS) and the HS protein inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA). Both HS and GGA restored the [14C]-urate uptake impaired by MG132. Conclusions: hMCT9 does transport urate and is degraded by a proteasome, inhibition of which reduces hMCT9 expression on the cell membrane and urate uptake. HS enhanced urate uptake through hMCT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine Oita Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University Ishikawa Japan
| | - Nani Maharani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhito Ikeda
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Peili Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Tottori Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Tottori Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University Research Center for Bioscience and Technology Tottori Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Tottori Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine Tochigi Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Tottori Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Tottori Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science Tottori Japan
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10
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Thioridazine Induces Cardiotoxicity via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated hERG Channel Deficiency and L-Type Calcium Channel Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3690123. [PMID: 32064022 PMCID: PMC6998749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3690123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioridazine (THIO) is a phenothiazine derivative that is mainly used for the treatment of psychotic disorders. However, cardiac arrhythmias especially QT interval prolongation associated with the application of this compound have received serious attention after its introduction into clinical practice, and the mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity induced by THIO have not been well defined. The present study was aimed at exploring the long-term effects of THIO on the hERG and L-type calcium channels, both of which are relevant to the development of QT prolongation. The hERG current (I hERG) and the calcium current (I Ca-L) were measured by patch clamp techniques. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blot, and channel-chaperone interactions were determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that THIO induced hERG channel deficiency but did not alter channel kinetics. THIO promoted ROS production and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the related proteins. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated hERG reduction induced by THIO and abolished the upregulation of ER stress marker proteins. Meanwhile, THIO increased the degradation of hERG channels via disrupting hERG-Hsp70 interactions. The disordered hERG proteins were degraded in proteasomes after ubiquitin modification. On the other hand, THIO increased I Ca-L density and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). The specific CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 attenuated the intracellular Ca2+ overload, indicating that ROS-mediated CaMKII activation promoted calcium channel activation induced by THIO. Optical mapping analysis demonstrated the slowing effects of THIO on cardiac repolarization in mouse hearts. THIO significantly prolonged APD50 and APD90 and increased the incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs). In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), THIO also resulted in APD prolongation. In conclusion, dysfunction of hERG channel proteins and activation of L-type calcium channels via ROS production might be the ionic mechanisms for QT prolongation induced by THIO.
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11
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Marinko J, Huang H, Penn WD, Capra JA, Schlebach JP, Sanders CR. Folding and Misfolding of Human Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease: From Single Molecules to Cellular Proteostasis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5537-5606. [PMID: 30608666 PMCID: PMC6506414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances over the past 25 years have revealed much about how the structural properties of membranes and associated proteins are linked to the thermodynamics and kinetics of membrane protein (MP) folding. At the same time biochemical progress has outlined how cellular proteostasis networks mediate MP folding and manage misfolding in the cell. When combined with results from genomic sequencing, these studies have established paradigms for how MP folding and misfolding are linked to the molecular etiologies of a variety of diseases. This emerging framework has paved the way for the development of a new class of small molecule "pharmacological chaperones" that bind to and stabilize misfolded MP variants, some of which are now in clinical use. In this review, we comprehensively outline current perspectives on the folding and misfolding of integral MPs as well as the mechanisms of cellular MP quality control. Based on these perspectives, we highlight new opportunities for innovations that bridge our molecular understanding of the energetics of MP folding with the nuanced complexity of biological systems. Given the many linkages between MP misfolding and human disease, we also examine some of the exciting opportunities to leverage these advances to address emerging challenges in the development of therapeutics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
T. Marinko
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Hui Huang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Wesley D. Penn
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John A. Capra
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37245, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Schlebach
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
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12
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Mutation-specific peripheral and ER quality control of hERG channel cell-surface expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6066. [PMID: 30988392 PMCID: PMC6465299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired functional plasma membrane (PM) expression of the hERG K+-channel is associated with Long-QT syndrome type-2 (LQT2) and increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Reduced PM-expression is primarily attributed to retention and degradation of misfolded channels by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein quality control (QC) systems. However, as the molecular pathogenesis of LQT2 was defined using severely-misfolded hERG variants with limited PM-expression, the potential contribution of post-ER (peripheral) QC pathways to the disease phenotype remains poorly established. Here, we investigate the cellular processing of mildly-misfolded Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS)-domain mutant hERGs, which display incomplete ER-retention and PM-expression defects at physiological temperature. We show that the attenuated PM-expression of hERG is dictated by mutation-specific contributions from both the ER and peripheral QC systems. At the ER, PAS-mutants experience inefficient conformational maturation coupled with rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. In post-ER compartments, they are rapidly endocytosed from the PM via a ubiquitin-independent mechanism and rapidly targeted for lysosomal degradation. Conformational destabilization underlies aberrant cellular processing at both ER- and post-ER compartments, since conformational correction by a hERG-specific pharmacochaperone or low-temperatures can restore WT-like trafficking. Our results demonstrate that the post-ER QC alone or jointly with the ER QC determines the loss-of-PM-expression phenotype of a subset of LQT2 mutations.
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13
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Inhibition of Hsp70 Suppresses Neuronal Hyperexcitability and Attenuates Epilepsy by Enhancing A-Type Potassium Current. Cell Rep 2019; 26:168-181.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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14
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Zhang X, Yu D, Geng H, Li F, Lv L, Zhao L, Yan C, Li B. Dual effects of arsenic trioxide on tumor cells and the potential underlying mechanisms. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3812-3820. [PMID: 30127993 PMCID: PMC6096270 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the rapid delayed rectifier K+ channel. hERG not only serves an important role in heart muscle and cardiomyocyte excitability by regulating action potential repolarization, but also represents a selective advantage for cancer cell proliferation. Arsenic trioxide is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been previously identified as an efficient tumor suppressor, particularly in the treatment of acute pro-myelocytic leukemia. However, studies have also reported that long-term exposure to arsenicals may lead to the formation of malignant tumors. In the present study, the effect of low-dose arsenic trioxide on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells was investigated, as were the potential underlying mechanisms of this effect. The data demonstrated that low-dose arsenic trioxide (0.1 µM) enhanced the viability and apoptosis of tumor cells expressing hERG channels following long-term incubation. However, in tumor cells lacking hERG channels, low-dose arsenic trioxide had no effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that this hormesis effect of low-dose arsenic trioxide on tumor cells may be associated with the hERG channel. Furthermore, low dose arsenic trioxide promoted the hERG-channel current by changing the kinetics of channel gating and prolonging the open-channel stage. Simultaneously, high-dose As2O3 (1 or 10 µM) significantly reduced the expression of hERG in tumor cells compared with the control group, which resulted in reduced proliferation rate and promotion of apoptotic rate. The results of the present study demonstrate that the dual effects of arsenic trioxide on hERG channels vary according to concentration, resulting in the dual effects on tumor cells. This provides a theoretical basis for the potential clinical application of arsenic trioxide, suggesting that hERG channels are an important target in preventing and treating tumorigenesis during arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Huaize Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Caichuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,The State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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15
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Bai X, Li K, Yao L, Kang XL, Cai SQ. A forward genetic screen identifies chaperone CNX-1 as a conserved biogenesis regulator of ERG K + channels. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1189-1201. [PMID: 29941431 PMCID: PMC6080891 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel that controls repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Accumulating evidence suggests that most disease-related hERG mutations reduce the function of the channel by disrupting protein biogenesis of the channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the biogenesis of ERG K+ channels is largely unknown. By forward genetic screening, we identified an ER-located chaperone CNX-1, the worm homologue of mammalian chaperone Calnexin, as a critical regulator for the protein biogenesis of UNC-103, the ERG-type K+ channel in Caenorhabditis elegans Loss-of-function mutations of cnx-1 decreased the protein level and current density of the UNC-103 K+ channel and suppressed the behavioral defects caused by a gain-of-function mutation in unc-103 Moreover, CNX-1 facilitated tetrameric assembly of UNC-103 channel subunits in a liposome-assisted cell-free translation system. Further studies showed that CNX-1 act in parallel to DNJ-1, another ER-located chaperone known to regulate maturation of UNC-103 channels, on controlling the protein biogenesis of UNC-103. Importantly, Calnexin interacted with hERG proteins in the ER in HEK293T cells. Deletion of calnexin reduced the expression and current densities of endogenous hERG K+ channels in SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, we reveal an evolutionarily conserved chaperone CNX-1/Calnexin controlling the biogenesis of ERG-type K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Lei Kang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li P, Kurata Y, Endang M, Ninomiya H, Higaki K, Taufiq F, Morikawa K, Shirayoshi Y, Horie M, Hisatome I. Restoration of mutant hERG stability by inhibition of HDAC6. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:158-169. [PMID: 29355491 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the α subunit of a rapidly activating delayed-rectifier potassium (IKr) channel. Mutations of the hERG cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Acetylation of lysine residues occurs in a subset of non-histone proteins and this modification is controlled by both histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HDACs). The aim of this study was to clarify effects of HDAC(s) on wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG proteins. WThERG and two trafficking-defective mutants (G601S and R752W) were transiently expressed in HEK293 cells, which were treated with a pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) or an isoform-selective HDAC6 inhibitor Tubastatin A (TBA). Both TSA and TBA increased protein levels of WThERG and induced expression of mature forms of the two mutants. Immunoprecipitation showed an interaction between HDAC6 and immature forms of hERG. Coexpression of HDAC6 decreased acetylation and, reciprocally, increased ubiquitination of hERG, resulting in its decreased expression. siRNA against HDAC6, as well as TBA, exerted opposite effects. Immunochemistry revealed that HDAC6 knockdown increased expression of the WThERG and two mutants both in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the cell surface. Electrophysiology showed that HDAC6 knockdown or TBA treatment increased the hERG channel current corresponding to the rapidly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKr) in HEK293 cells stably expressing the WT or mutants. Three lysine residues (K116, K495 and K757) of hERG were predicted to be acetylated. Substitution of these lysine residues with arginine eliminated HDAC6 effects. In HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes, TBA enhanced endogenous ERG expression, increased IKr, and shortened action potential duration. These results indicate that hERG is a substrate of HDAC6. HDAC6 inhibition induced acetylation of hERG which counteracted ubiquitination leading its stabilization. HDAC6 inhibition may be a novel therapeutic option for LQT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mahati Endang
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Fikri Taufiq
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, 86-1, Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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17
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Onohara T, Hisatome I, Kurata Y, Li P, Notsu T, Morikawa K, Otani N, Yoshida A, Iitsuka K, Kato M, Miake J, Ninomiya H, Higaki K, Shirayoshi Y, Nishihara T, Itoh T, Nakamura Y, Nishimura M. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pilsicainide-induced stabilization of hERG proteins in transfected mammalian cells. J Arrhythm 2017; 33:226-233. [PMID: 28607619 PMCID: PMC5459418 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pilsicainide, classified as a relatively selective Na+ channel blocker, also has an inhibitory action on the rapidly-activating delayed-rectifier K+ current (IKr) through human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels. We studied the effects of chronic exposure to pilsicainide on the expression of wild-type (WT) hERG proteins and WT-hERG channel currents, as well as on the expression of mutant hERG proteins, in a heterologous expression system. Methods HEK293 cells stably expressing WT or mutant hERG proteins were subjected to Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and patch-clamp experiments. Results Acute exposure to pilsicainide at 0.03–10 μM influenced neither the expression of WT-hERG proteins nor WT-hERG channel currents. Chronic treatment with 0.03–10 μM pilsicainide for 48 h, however, increased the expression of WT-hERG proteins and channel currents in a concentration-dependent manner. Chronic treatment with 3 μM pilsicainide for 48 h delayed degradation of WT-hERG proteins and increased the channels expressed on the plasma membrane. A cell membrane-impermeant pilsicainide derivative did not influence the expression of WT-hERG, indicating that pilsicainide stabilized the protein inside the cell. Pilsicainide did not influence phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B) or expression of heat shock protein families such as HSF-1, hsp70 and hsp90. E4031, a chemical chaperone for hERG, abolished the pilsicainide effect on hERG. Chronic treatment with pilsicainide could also increase the protein expression of trafficking-defective mutant hERG, G601S and R752W. Conclusions Pilsicainide penetrates the plasma membrane, stabilizes WT-hERG proteins by acting as a chemical chaperone, and enhances WT-hERG channel currents. This mechanism could also be applicable to modulations of certain mutant-hERG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Onohara
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokkyo Medical College, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Iitsuka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishichou 36-1, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motonobu Nishimura
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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18
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Hantouche C, Williamson B, Valinsky WC, Solomon J, Shrier A, Young JC. Bag1 Co-chaperone Promotes TRC8 E3 Ligase-dependent Degradation of Misfolded Human Ether a Go-Go-related Gene (hERG) Potassium Channels. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2287-2300. [PMID: 27998983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac long QT syndrome type 2 is caused by mutations in the human ether a go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel, many of which cause misfolding and degradation at the endoplasmic reticulum instead of normal trafficking to the cell surface. The Hsc70/Hsp70 chaperones assist the folding of the hERG cytosolic domains. Here, we demonstrate that the Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Bag1 promotes hERG degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system at the endoplasmic reticulum to regulate hERG levels and channel activity. Dissociation of hERG complexes containing Hsp70 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP requires the interaction of Bag1 with Hsp70, but this does not involve the Bag1 ubiquitin-like domain. The interaction with Bag1 then shifts hERG degradation to the membrane-anchored E3 ligase TRC8 and its E2-conjugating enzyme Ube2g2, as determined by siRNA screening. TRC8 interacts through the transmembrane region with hERG and decreases hERG functional expression. TRC8 also mediates degradation of the misfolded hERG-G601S disease mutant, but pharmacological stabilization of the mutant structure prevents degradation. Our results identify TRC8 as a previously unknown Hsp70-independent quality control E3 ligase for hERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hantouche
- From the Departments of Physiology and.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Brittany Williamson
- Biochemistry and.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - William C Valinsky
- From the Departments of Physiology and.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Joshua Solomon
- From the Departments of Physiology and.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Alvin Shrier
- From the Departments of Physiology and .,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- Biochemistry and .,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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Kondo T, Hisatome I, Yoshimura S, Mahati E, Notsu T, Li P, Iitsuka K, Kato M, Ogura K, Miake J, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Kurata Y, Sakata S, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Nakai A, Higaki K, Kawata Y, Shirayoshi Y, Yoshida A, Yamamoto K. Characterization of the novel mutant A78T-HERG from a long QT syndrome type 2 patient: Instability of the mutant protein and stabilization by heat shock factor 1. J Arrhythm 2016; 32:433-440. [PMID: 27761169 PMCID: PMC5063263 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes the α-subunit of rapidly activating delayed-rectifier potassium channels. Mutations in this gene cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). In most cases, mutations reduce the stability of the channel protein, which can be restored by heat shock (HS). METHODS We identified the novel mutant A78T-HERG in a patient with LQT2. The purpose of the current study was to characterize this mutant protein and test whether HS and heat shock factors (HSFs) could stabilize the mutant protein. A78T-HERG and wild-type HERG (WT-HERG) were expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and whole-cell patch clamping. RESULTS When expressed in HEK293 cells, WT-HERG gave rise to immature and mature forms of the protein at 135 and 155 kDa, respectively. A78T-HERG gave rise only to the immature form, which was heavily ubiquitinated. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased the expression of immature A78T-HERG and increased both the immature and mature forms of WT-HERG. WT-HERG, but not A78T-HERG, was expressed on the plasma membrane. In whole-cell patch clamping experiments, depolarizing pulses evoked E4031-sensitive HERG channel currents in cells transfected with WT-HERG, but not in cells transfected with A78T-HERG. The A78V mutant, but not A78G mutant, remained in the immature form similarly to A78T. Maturation of the A78T-HERG protein was facilitated by HS, expression of HSF-1, or exposure to geranyl geranyl acetone. CONCLUSIONS A78T-HERG was characterized by protein instability and reduced expression on the plasma membrane. The stability of the mutant was partially restored by HSF-1, indicating that HSF-1 is a target for the treatment for LQT2 caused by the A78T mutation in HERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shouichi Yoshimura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Endang Mahati
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Iitsuka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ogura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
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20
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Foo B, Williamson B, Young JC, Lukacs G, Shrier A. hERG quality control and the long QT syndrome. J Physiol 2016; 594:2469-81. [PMID: 26718903 DOI: 10.1113/jp270531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-QT syndrome type-2 (LQT2) is characterized by reduced functional expression of the human ether-à-go-go related (hERG) gene product, resulting in impaired cardiac repolarization and predisposition to fatal arrhythmia. Previous studies have implicated abnormal trafficking of misfolded hERG as the primary mechanism of LQT2, with misfolding being caused by mutations in the hERG gene (inherited) or drug treatment (acquired). More generally, environmental and metabolic stresses present a constant challenge to the folding of proteins, including hERG, and must be countered by robust protein quality control (QC) systems. Disposal of partially unfolded yet functional plasma membrane (PM) proteins by protein QC contributes to the loss-of-function phenotype in various conformational diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF) and long-QT syndrome type-2 (LQT2). The prevalent view has been that the loss of PM expression of hERG is attributed to biosynthetic block by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) QC pathways. However, there is a growing appreciation for protein QC pathways acting at post-ER cellular compartments, which may contribute to conformational disease pathogenesis. This article will provide a background on the structure and cellular trafficking of hERG as well as inherited and acquired LQT2. We will review previous work on hERG ER QC and introduce the more novel view that there is a significant peripheral QC at the PM and peripheral cellular compartments. Particular attention is drawn to the unique role of the peripheral QC system in acquired LQT2. Understanding the QC process and players may provide targets for therapeutic intervention in dealing with LQT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Foo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Brittany Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Gergely Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Alvin Shrier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
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Smith JL, Anderson CL, Burgess DE, Elayi CS, January CT, Delisle BP. Molecular pathogenesis of long QT syndrome type 2. J Arrhythm 2016; 32:373-380. [PMID: 27761161 PMCID: PMC5063260 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) are now beginning to be understood. New insights into the etiology and therapeutic strategies are emerging from heterologous expression studies of LQTS-linked mutant proteins, as well as inducible pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LQTS patients. This review focuses on the major molecular mechanism that underlies LQTS type 2 (LQT2). LQT2 is caused by loss of function (LOF) mutations in KCNH2 (also known as the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene or hERG). Most LQT2-linked mutations are missense mutations and functional studies suggest that ~90% of them disrupt the intracellular transport (trafficking) of KCNH2-encoded Kv11.1 proteins to the cell membrane. Trafficking deficient LQT2 mutations disrupt Kv11.1 protein folding and misfolded Kv11.1 proteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) until they are degraded in the ER associated degradation pathway (ERAD). This review focuses on the quality control mechanisms in the ER that contribute to the folding and ERAD of Kv11.1 proteins; the mechanism for ER export of Kv11.1 proteins in the secretory pathway; different subclasses of trafficking deficient LQT2 mutations; and strategies being developed to mitigate or correct trafficking deficient LQT2-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Smith
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Corey L Anderson
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Don E Burgess
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Claude S Elayi
- Department of Cardiology, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig T January
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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22
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Mahati E, Li P, Kurata Y, Maharani N, Ikeda N, Sakata S, Ogura K, Miake J, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Higaki K, Yamamoto K, Nakai A, Shirayoshi Y, Hisatome I. M3 Muscarinic Receptor Signaling Stabilizes a Novel Mutant Human Ether-a-Go-Go-Related Gene Channel Protein via Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Factor 1 in Transfected Cells. Circ J 2016; 80:2443-2452. [PMID: 27803431 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Endang Mahati
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
| | - Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | | | - Nani Maharani
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
- Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
| | - Nobuhito Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Shinji Sakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazuyoshi Ogura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science
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Li P, Kurata Y, Maharani N, Mahati E, Higaki K, Hasegawa A, Shirayoshi Y, Yoshida A, Kondo T, Kurozawa Y, Yamamoto K, Ninomiya H, Hisatome I. E3 ligase CHIP and Hsc70 regulate Kv1.5 protein expression and function in mammalian cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 86:138-46. [PMID: 26232501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Kv1.5 confers ultra-rapid delayed-rectifier potassium channel current (IKur) which contributes to repolarization of the atrial action potential. Kv1.5 proteins, degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, decreased in some atrial fibrillation patients. Carboxyl-terminus heat shock cognate 70-interacting protein (CHIP), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is known to ubiquitinate short-lived proteins. Here, we investigated the roles of CHIP in Kv1.5 degradation to provide insights into the mechanisms of Kv1.5 decreases and treatments targeting Kv1.5 for atrial fibrillation. Coexpression of CHIP with Kv1.5 in HEK293 cells increased Kv1.5 protein ubiquitination and decreased the protein level. Immunofluorescence revealed decreases of Kv1.5 proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the cell membrane. A siRNA against CHIP suppressed Kv1.5 protein ubiquitination and increased its protein level. CHIP mutants, lacking either the N-terminal tetratricopeptide region domain or the C-terminal U-box domain, failed to exert these effects on Kv1.5 proteins. Immunoprecipitation showed that CHIP formed complexes with Kv1.5 proteins and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). Effects of Hsc70 on Kv1.5 were similar to CHIP by altering interaction of CHIP with Kv1.5 protein. Coexpression of CHIP and Hsc70 with Kv1.5 additionally enhanced Kv1.5 ubiquitination. Kv1.5 currents were decreased by overexpression of CHIP or Hsc70 but were increased by knockdown of CHIP or Hsc70 in HEK 293 cells stably expressing Kv1.5. These effects of CHIP and Hsc70 were also observed on endogenous Kv1.5 in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes, decreasing IKur and prolonging action potential duration. These results indicate that CHIP decreases the Kv1.5 protein level and functional channel by facilitating its degradation in concert with chaperone Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nani Maharani
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
| | - Endang Mahati
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Department of Human Genome Science, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tatehito Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | - Youichi Kurozawa
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Nishichou 86, Yonago 683, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Nishimachi 36, Yonago, Japan
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Young JC. The role of the cytosolic HSP70 chaperone system in diseases caused by misfolding and aberrant trafficking of ion channels. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:319-29. [PMID: 24609033 PMCID: PMC3944492 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-folding diseases are an ongoing medical challenge. Many diseases within this group are genetically determined, and have no known cure. Among the examples in which the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are well understood are diseases driven by misfolding of transmembrane proteins that normally function as cell-surface ion channels. Wild-type forms are synthesized and integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane system and, upon correct folding, are trafficked by the secretory pathway to the cell surface. Misfolded mutant forms traffic poorly, if at all, and are instead degraded by the ER-associated proteasomal degradation (ERAD) system. Molecular chaperones can assist the folding of the cytosolic domains of these transmembrane proteins; however, these chaperones are also involved in selecting misfolded forms for ERAD. Given this dual role of chaperones, diseases caused by the misfolding and aberrant trafficking of ion channels (referred to here as ion-channel-misfolding diseases) can be regarded as a consequence of insufficiency of the pro-folding chaperone activity and/or overefficiency of the chaperone ERAD role. An attractive idea is that manipulation of the chaperones might allow increased folding and trafficking of the mutant proteins, and thereby partial restoration of function. This Review outlines the roles of the cytosolic HSP70 chaperone system in the best-studied paradigms of ion-channel-misfolding disease--the CFTR chloride channel in cystic fibrosis and the hERG potassium channel in cardiac long QT syndrome type 2. In addition, other ion channels implicated in ion-channel-misfolding diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Young
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
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25
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Zhang KP, Yang BF, Li BX. Translational toxicology and rescue strategies of the hERG channel dysfunction: biochemical and molecular mechanistic aspects. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1473-84. [PMID: 25418379 PMCID: PMC4261120 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel is an obligatory anti-target for drug development on account of its essential role in cardiac repolarization and its close association with arrhythmia. Diverse drugs have been removed from the market owing to their inhibitory activity on the hERG channel and their contribution to acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS). Moreover, mutations that cause hERG channel dysfunction may induce congenital LQTS. Recently, an increasing number of biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying hERG-associated LQTS have been reported. In fact, numerous potential biochemical and molecular rescue strategies are hidden within the biogenesis and regulating network. So far, rescue strategies of hERG channel dysfunction and LQTS mainly include activators, blockers, and molecules that interfere with specific links and other mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the rescue strategies based on hERG channel toxicology from the biochemical and molecular perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
| | - Bao-feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
| | - Bao-xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
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Roder K, Werdich AA, Li W, Liu M, Kim TY, Organ-Darling LE, Moshal KS, Hwang JM, Lu Y, Choi BR, MacRae CA, Koren G. RING finger protein RNF207, a novel regulator of cardiac excitation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33730-40. [PMID: 25281747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent studies (Newton-Cheh, C. et al. (2009) Common variants at ten loci influence QT interval duration in the QTGEN Study. Nat. Genet. 41, 399-406 and Pfeufer, A. et al. (2009) Common variants at ten loci modulate the QT interval duration in the QTSCD Study. Nat. Genet. 41, 407-414) identified an association, with genome-wide significance, between a single nucleotide polymorphism within the gene encoding RING finger protein 207 (RNF207) and the QT interval. We sought to determine the role of RNF207 in cardiac electrophysiology. Morpholino knockdown of RNF207 in zebrafish embryos resulted in action potential duration prolongation, occasionally a 2:1 atrioventricular block, and slowing of conduction velocity. Conversely, neonatal rabbit cardiomyocytes infected with RNF207-expressing adenovirus exhibited shortened action potential duration. Using transfections of U-2 OS and HEK293 cells, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry data demonstrate that RNF207 and the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel interact and colocalize. Furthermore, RNF207 overexpression significantly elevated total and membrane HERG protein and HERG-encoded current density by ∼30-50%, which was dependent on the intact N-terminal RING domain of RNF207. Finally, coexpression of RNF207 and HSP70 increased HERG expression compared with HSP70 alone. This effect was dependent on the C terminus of RNF207. Taken together, the evidence is strong that RNF207 is an important regulator of action potential duration, likely via effects on HERG trafficking and localization in a heat shock protein-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Roder
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Weiyan Li
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Man Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Louise E Organ-Darling
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Karni S Moshal
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Jung Min Hwang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Yichun Lu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Calum A MacRae
- the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Gideon Koren
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,
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Nakasone N, Nakamura YS, Higaki K, Oumi N, Ohno K, Ninomiya H. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of Niemann-Pick C1: evidence for the role of heat shock proteins and identification of lysine residues that accept ubiquitin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19714-25. [PMID: 24891511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases with Niemann-Pick disease type C carry mutations in NPC1. Some of the mutations, including the most frequent I1061T, give rise to unstable proteins selected for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. The purpose of the current study was to shed mechanistic insights into the degradation process. A proteasome inhibitor MG132 prolonged the life span of the wild-type NPC1 expressed in COS cells. The expressed protein associated with multiple chaperones including heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), Hsp70, heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), and calnexin. Accordingly, expression of an E3 ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) enhanced MG132-induced accumulation of ubiquitylated NPC1. Co-expression and RNAi knockdown experiments in HEK cells indicated that Hsp70/Hsp90 stabilized NPC1, whereas Hsc70 destabilized it. In human fibroblasts carrying the I1061T mutation, adenovirus-mediated expression of Hsp70 or treatment with an HSP-inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) increased the level of the mutant protein. In GGA-treated cells, the rescued protein was localized in the late endosome and ameliorated cholesterol accumulation. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed three lysine residues at amino acids 318, 792, and 1180 as potential ubiquitin-conjugation sites. Substitutions of the three residues with alanine yielded a mutant protein with a steady-state level more than three times higher than that of the wild-type. Introduction of the same substitutions to the I1061T mutant resulted in an increase in its protein level and functional restoration. These findings indicated the role of HSPs in quality control of NPC1 and revealed the role of three lysine residues as ubiquitin-conjugation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko S Nakamura
- Applied Biotechnology, Tottori Institute of Industrial Technology, Yonago 684-0041
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- the Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, and
| | - Nao Oumi
- the Tottori University Hospital Cancer Center, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohno
- Child Neurology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503
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Mohanan V, Grimes CL. The molecular chaperone HSP70 binds to and stabilizes NOD2, an important protein involved in Crohn disease. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18987-98. [PMID: 24790089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are detected by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns through specific host pattern recognition receptors. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes fragments of the bacterial cell wall. NOD2 is important to human biology; when it is mutated it loses the ability to respond properly to bacterial cell wall fragments. To determine the mechanisms of misactivation in the NOD2 Crohn mutants, we developed a cell-based system to screen for protein-protein interactors of NOD2. We identified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a protein interactor of both wild type and Crohn mutant NOD2. HSP70 has previously been linked to inflammation, especially in the regulation of anti-inflammatory molecules. Induced HSP70 expression in cells increased the response of NOD2 to bacterial cell wall fragments. In addition, an HSP70 inhibitor, KNK437, was capable of decreasing NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation in response to bacterial cell wall stimulation. We found HSP70 to regulate the half-life of NOD2, as increasing the HSP70 level in cells increased the half-life of NOD2, and down-regulating HSP70 decreased the half-life of NOD2. The expression levels of the Crohn-associated NOD2 variants were less compared with wild type. The overexpression of HSP70 significantly increased NOD2 levels as well as the signaling capacity of the mutants. Thus, our study shows that restoring the stability of the NOD2 Crohn mutants is sufficient for rescuing the ability of these mutations to signal the presence of a bacterial cell wall ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Leimkuhler Grimes
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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29
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Moein-Vaziri N, Phillips I, Smith S, Almiňana C, Maside C, Gil MA, Roca J, Martinez EA, Holt WV, Pockley AG, Fazeli A. Heat-shock protein A8 restores sperm membrane integrity by increasing plasma membrane fluidity. Reproduction 2014; 147:719-32. [PMID: 24501193 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive 70 kDa heat-shock protein, HSPA8, has previously been shown to contribute to the long-term survival of spermatozoa inside the mammalian female reproductive tract. Here, we show that a recombinant form of HSPA8 rapidly promotes the viability of uncapacitated spermatozoa, the ability of spermatozoa to bind to oviductal epithelial cells, enhances IVF performance, and decreases sperm mitochondrial activity. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that the repair of membrane damage is achieved by an almost instantaneous increase in sperm membrane fluidity. The ability of HSPA8 to influence membrane stability and fluidity, as well as its conserved nature among mammalian species, supports the idea that this protein protects sperm survival through membrane repair mechanisms. Free Persian abstract A Persian translation of the abstract is freely available online at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/5/719/suppl/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moein-Vaziri
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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SAKATA SHINJI, KURATA YASUTAKA, LI PEILI, NOTSU TOMOMI, MORIKAWA KUMI, MIAKE JUNICHIRO, HIGAKI KATSUMI, YAMAMOTO YASUTAKA, YOSHIDA AKIO, SHIRAYOSHI YASUAKI, YAMAMOTO KAZUHIRO, HORIE MINORU, NINOMIYA HARUAKI, KANZAKI SUSUMU, HISATOME ICHIRO. Instability of KCNE1-D85N that Causes Long QT Syndrome: Stabilization by Verapamil. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 37:853-63. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SHINJI SAKATA
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Tottori University; Yonago Japan
| | - YASUTAKA KURATA
- Department of Physiology; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada-machi Kahoku-gun Ishikawa Japan
| | - PEILI LI
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | - TOMOMI NOTSU
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | - KUMI MORIKAWA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | - JUNICHIRO MIAKE
- Division of Cardiology; Tottori University Hospital; Yonago Japan
| | | | - YASUTAKA YAMAMOTO
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | - AKIO YOSHIDA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | - YASUAKI SHIRAYOSHI
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
| | | | - MINORU HORIE
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine; Shiga University of Medical Science; Shiga Japan
| | - HARUAKI NINOMIYA
- Department of Biological Regulation; Faculty of Medicine; Tottori University; Yonago Japan
| | - SUSUMU KANZAKI
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Tottori University; Yonago Japan
| | - ICHIRO HISATOME
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics; Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction; Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science; Yonago Japan
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31
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Wang YJ, Han DY, Tabib T, Yates JR, Mu TW. Identification of GABA(C) receptor protein homeostasis network components from three tandem mass spectrometry proteomics approaches. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5570-86. [PMID: 24079818 DOI: 10.1021/pr400535z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid type C (GABA(C)) receptors inhibit neuronal firing primarily in retina. Maintenance of GABA(C) receptor protein homeostasis in cells is essential for its function. However, a systematic study of GABA(C) receptor protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network components is absent. Here coimmunoprecipitation of human GABA(C)-ρ1-receptor complexes was performed in HEK293 cells overexpressing ρ1 receptors. To enhance the coverage and reliability of identified proteins, immunoisolated ρ1-receptor complexes were subjected to three tandem mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analyses, namely, gel-based tandem MS (GeLC-MS/MS), solution-based tandem MS (SoLC-MS/MS), and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). From the 107 identified proteins, we assembled GABA(C)-ρ1-receptor proteostasis network components, including proteins with protein folding, degradation, and trafficking functions. We studied representative individual ρ1-receptor-interacting proteins, including calnexin, a lectin chaperone that facilitates glycoprotein folding, and LMAN1, a glycoprotein trafficking receptor, and global effectors that regulate protein folding in cells based on bioinformatics analysis, including HSF1, a master regulator of the heat shock response, and XBP1, a key transcription factor of the unfolded protein response. Manipulating selected GABA(C) receptor proteostasis network components is a promising strategy to regulate GABA(C) receptor folding, trafficking, degradation and thus function to ameliorate related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and ‡Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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32
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2013; 112:e157-79. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Su X, Theberge AB, January CT, Beebe DJ. Effect of microculture on cell metabolism and biochemistry: do cells get stressed in microchannels? Anal Chem 2013; 85:1562-70. [PMID: 23327437 DOI: 10.1021/ac3027228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is emerging as a promising platform for cell culture, enabling increased microenvironment control and potential for integrated analysis compared to conventional macroculture systems such as well plates and Petri dishes. To advance the use of microfluidic devices for cell culture, it is necessary to better understand how miniaturization affects cell behavior. In particular, microfluidic devices have significantly higher surface-area-to-volume ratios than conventional platforms, resulting in lower volumes of media per cell, which can lead to cell stress. We investigated cell stress under a variety of culture conditions using three cell lines: parental HEK (human embryonic kidney) cells and transfected HEK cells that stably express wild-type (WT) and mutant (G601S) human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel protein. These three cell lines provide a unique model system through which to study cell-type-specific responses in microculture because mutant hERG is known to be sensitive to environmental conditions, making its expression a particularly sensitive readout through which to compare macro- and microculture. While expression of WT-hERG was similar in microchannel and well culture, the expression of mutant G601S-hERG was reduced in microchannels. Expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) was upregulated in all three cell lines in microculture. Using BiP expression, glucose consumption, and lactate accumulation as readouts we developed methods for reducing ER stress including properly increasing the frequency of media replacement, reducing cell seeding density, and adjusting the serum concentration and buffering capacity of culture medium. Indeed, increasing the buffering capacity of culture medium or frequency of media replacement partially restored the expression of the G601S-hERG in microculture. This work illuminates how biochemical properties of cells differ in macro- and microculture and suggests strategies that can be used to modify cell culture protocols for future studies involving miniaturized culture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Zaarour N, Demaretz S, Defontaine N, Zhu Y, Laghmani K. Multiple evolutionarily conserved Di-leucine like motifs in the carboxyl terminus control the anterograde trafficking of NKCC2. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23105100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399162.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the apical Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, NKCC2, cause type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease. Yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of NKCC2 trafficking in renal cells are scarcely known. We previously showed that naturally occurring mutations depriving NKCC2 of its distal COOH-terminal tail and interfering with the (1081)LLV(1083) motif result in defects in the ER exit of the co-transporter. Here we show that this motif is necessary but not sufficient for anterograde trafficking of NKCC2. Indeed, we have identified two additional hydrophobic motifs, (1038)LL(1039) and (1048)LI(1049), that are required for ER exit and surface expression of the co-transporter. Double mutations of (1038)LL(1039) or (1048)LI(1049) to di-alanines disrupted glycosylation and cell surface expression of NKCC2, independently of the expression system. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that the absence of the terminally glycosylated form of NKCC2 was not due to reduced synthesis or increased rates of degradation of mutant co-transporters, but was instead caused by defects in maturation. Co-immunolocalization experiments revealed that (1038)AA(1039) and (1048)AA(1049) were trapped mainly in the ER as indicated by extensive co-localization with the ER marker calnexin. Remarkably, among several analyzed motifs present in the NKCC2 COOH terminus, only those required for ER exit and surface expression of NKCC2 are evolutionarily conserved in all members of the SLC12A family, a group of cation-chloride co-transporters that are targets of therapeutic drugs and mutated in several human diseases. Based upon these data, we propose abnormal anterograde trafficking as a common mechanism associated with mutations depriving NKCC2, and also all other members of the SLC12A family, of their COOH terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Zaarour
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS872, Paris, France
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35
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Zaarour N, Demaretz S, Defontaine N, Zhu Y, Laghmani K. Multiple evolutionarily conserved Di-leucine like motifs in the carboxyl terminus control the anterograde trafficking of NKCC2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42642-53. [PMID: 23105100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the apical Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, NKCC2, cause type I Bartter syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease. Yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of NKCC2 trafficking in renal cells are scarcely known. We previously showed that naturally occurring mutations depriving NKCC2 of its distal COOH-terminal tail and interfering with the (1081)LLV(1083) motif result in defects in the ER exit of the co-transporter. Here we show that this motif is necessary but not sufficient for anterograde trafficking of NKCC2. Indeed, we have identified two additional hydrophobic motifs, (1038)LL(1039) and (1048)LI(1049), that are required for ER exit and surface expression of the co-transporter. Double mutations of (1038)LL(1039) or (1048)LI(1049) to di-alanines disrupted glycosylation and cell surface expression of NKCC2, independently of the expression system. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that the absence of the terminally glycosylated form of NKCC2 was not due to reduced synthesis or increased rates of degradation of mutant co-transporters, but was instead caused by defects in maturation. Co-immunolocalization experiments revealed that (1038)AA(1039) and (1048)AA(1049) were trapped mainly in the ER as indicated by extensive co-localization with the ER marker calnexin. Remarkably, among several analyzed motifs present in the NKCC2 COOH terminus, only those required for ER exit and surface expression of NKCC2 are evolutionarily conserved in all members of the SLC12A family, a group of cation-chloride co-transporters that are targets of therapeutic drugs and mutated in several human diseases. Based upon these data, we propose abnormal anterograde trafficking as a common mechanism associated with mutations depriving NKCC2, and also all other members of the SLC12A family, of their COOH terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Zaarour
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS872, Paris, France
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36
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.280024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Gong X, Luo T, Deng P, Liu Z, Xiu J, Shi H, Jiang Y. Stress-induced interaction between p38 MAPK and HSP70. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Vandenberg JI, Perry MD, Perrin MJ, Mann SA, Ke Y, Hill AP. hERG K+ Channels: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1393-478. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ channel, Kv11.1, which are expressed in the heart, various brain regions, smooth muscle cells, endocrine cells, and a wide range of tumor cell lines. However, it is the role that Kv11.1 channels play in the heart that has been best characterized, for two main reasons. First, it is the gene product involved in chromosome 7-associated long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited disorder associated with a markedly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Second, blockade of Kv11.1, by a wide range of prescription medications, causes drug-induced QT prolongation with an increase in risk of sudden cardiac arrest. In the first part of this review, the properties of Kv11.1 channels, including biogenesis, trafficking, gating, and pharmacology are discussed, while the second part focuses on the pathophysiology of Kv11.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Perry
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark J. Perrin
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stefan A. Mann
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ying Ke
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adam P. Hill
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Guo J, Zhang X, Hu Z, Zhuang Z, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Chen W, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Zhang Z. A422T mutation in HERG potassium channel retained in ER is rescurable by pharmacologic or molecular chaperones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:305-10. [PMID: 22580281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized biologic and electrophysiologic consequences of A422T mutation in HERG K(+) channel and the role of pharmacologic or molecular chaperons by employing a heterogeneous expression system in HEK 293 cells. It was found that A422T mutation led to a marked decrease in whole-cell recording currents, and that a complexly glycosylated form protein band at 155 kDa was missing by Western blotting analysis compared to wild type (WT). And the mutant protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm as illustrated in immunocytochemical assay, indicating that the mutation underwent a trafficking defect. In addition, A422T mutation exerted remarkable dominant-negative suppression on WT, resulting in the alteration in the kinetic processes. Strikingly, trafficking-deficient A422T mutation was partially rescued by incubating the cells at a lower temperature, administration of pharmacologic chaperon, E4031 or overexpression of a chaperon molecule, Hsp90, but not Hsp70. In conclusion, missense A422T mutation in HERG K(+) channel results in its trafficking defect, which is rescurable by pharmacologic or molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Li P, Tanaka S, Ichiyanagi T, Ninomiya H, Ting Y, Utami SB, Aimi T, Shirayoshi Y, Miake J, Hisatome I. Novel effects of extracts from poisonous mushrooms on expression and function of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1474-80. [PMID: 21881236 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the α subunit of the potassium current I(Kr), which plays a pivotal role in cardiac action potential repolarization. Inherited mutations of this gene cause Long QT syndrome type 2. hERG expression is altered by several types of drugs as well as by temperature. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) have reciprocal effects on hERG proteins. We examined the effects of poisonous mushrooms on hERG protein expression and its channel function. METHODS We evaluated the effects of several types of poisonous mushrooms on the expression and function of wild-type hERG by Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and patch clamping in transfected HEK293 cells and mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Extracts of Gymnopilus junonius (junonius) increased expression of both hERG and Hsp70 in HEK293 cells with concomitant decrease in Hsc70, whereas extracts of Amanita ibotengutake (ibotengutake) decreased hERG proteins with increase in Hsc70. Knockdown of Hsp70 and Hsc70 by small interfering RNA abolished the effects of the two mushrooms on hERG, respectively. Certain fractions of junonius increased expression of hERG proteins. hERG currents were increased by extracts of junonius, resulting in shortening of action potential duration (APD). In contrast, hERG currents were decreased and APD was prolonged by extracts of ibotengutake. CONCLUSION junonius enhanced the expression and function of hERG by increasing Hsp70 and decreasing Hsc70. Ibotengutake decreased hERG expression via increase in Hsc70. Constituents of junonius may have the potential for use in treatment of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Japan
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41
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Bahrudin U, Morikawa K, Takeuchi A, Kurata Y, Miake J, Mizuta E, Adachi K, Higaki K, Yamamoto Y, Shirayoshi Y, Yoshida A, Kato M, Yamamoto K, Nanba E, Morisaki H, Morisaki T, Matsuoka S, Ninomiya H, Hisatome I. Impairment of Ubiquitin–Proteasome System by E334K cMyBPC Modifies Channel Proteins, Leading to Electrophysiological Dysfunction. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:857-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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