1
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Lunde IG, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Carlson CR, Tønnessen T. Calcineurin-NFAT dynamics correspond to cardiac remodeling during aortic banding and debanding, mimicking aortic valve replacement. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:980717. [PMID: 39086965 PMCID: PMC11285616 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.980717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a major health problem. Extensive myocardial remodeling increases operative risk and might lead to incomplete reverse remodeling with persistent symptoms after aortic valve replacement (AVR); this makes the optimal timing of AVR a clinical challenge. The pathogenesis behind incomplete reverse remodeling is unclear. Central among signaling pathways in the remodeling heart is the pro-hypertrophic Ca2+-activated calcineurin and its downstream nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATc1-c4) transcription factors. We investigated calcineurin-NFATc dynamics in patient and mouse hearts during remodeling and reverse remodeling. Myocardial biopsies were obtained from AS patients during AVR and left ventricles harvested from mice subjected to aortic banding (AB) and debanding (DB). The transcript and protein of the NFATc-responsive gene regulator of calcineurin 1-4 (RCAN1-4) and luciferase activity in NFAT-luciferase mice were used as read-outs for calcineurin-NFATc activity. Calcineurin-NFATc activation was sustained through AB 24 h to 18 weeks and elevated in AS patients. All four NFATc isoforms were elevated in AS, while NFATc4 was persistently elevated during chronic remodeling after AB in mice. NFAT activation remained reversible when 1 week's AB was followed by 1 week's DB and accompanied functional improvement. However, when DB for 1 week followed AB for 4 weeks, NFAT activation was not reversed. In conclusion, calcineurin-NFAT dynamics correspond with cardiac remodeling and reverse remodeling during experimental AB and DB. Our data suggest that calcineurin-NFATc attenuation is important for reverse remodeling and outcomes after AVR for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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2
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He X, Liu J, Gu F, Chen J, Lu YW, Ding J, Guo H, Nie M, Kataoka M, Lin Z, Hu X, Chen H, Liao X, Dong Y, Min W, Deng ZL, Pu WT, Huang ZP, Wang DZ. Cardiac CIP protein regulates dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:898-914. [PMID: 34400329 PMCID: PMC8822131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of fatality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Previously, we discovered that cardiac and skeletal-muscle-enriched CIP proteins play important roles in cardiac function. Here, we report that CIP, a striated muscle-specific protein, participates in the regulation of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Using a mouse model of human DMD, we found that deletion of CIP leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in young, non-syndromic mdx mice. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of CIP reduces pathological dystrophic cardiomyopathy in old, syndromic mdx mice. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal that molecular pathways involving fibrogenesis and oxidative stress are affected in CIP-mediated dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, we found that CIP interacts with dystrophin and calcineurin (CnA) to suppress the CnA-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, which results in decreased expression of Nox4, a key component of the oxidative stress pathway. Overexpression of Nox4 accelerates the development of dystrophic cardiomyopathy in mdx mice. Our study indicates CIP is a modifier of dystrophic cardiomyopathy and a potential therapeutic target for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiology, Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mao Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxue Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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3
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Chaanine AH, LeJemtel TH, Delafontaine P. Mitochondrial Pathobiology and Metabolic Remodeling in Progression to Overt Systolic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113582. [PMID: 33172082 PMCID: PMC7694785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are mostly abundant in the heart, a beating organ of high- energy demands. Their function extends beyond being a power plant of the cell including redox balance, ion homeostasis and metabolism. They are dynamic organelles that are tethered to neighboring structures, especially the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, they constitute a functional unit implicated in complex physiological and pathophysiological processes. Their topology in the cell, the cardiac myocyte in particular, places them at the hub of signaling and calcium homeostasis, making them master regulators of cell survival or cell death. Perturbations in mitochondrial function play a central role in the pathophysiology of myocardial remodeling and progression of heart failure. In this minireview, we summarize important pathophysiological mechanisms, pertaining to mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function, which take place in compensated hypertrophy and in progression to overt systolic heart failure. Published work in the last few years has expanded our understanding of these important mechanisms; a key prerequisite to identifying therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-988-1612; Fax: +504-995-2771
| | - Thierry H. LeJemtel
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Lei F, Wang XM, Deng KQ, Ji YX, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang XD, Lu Z, Zhang P. NULP1 Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing NFAT3 Transcriptional Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016419. [PMID: 32805187 PMCID: PMC7660797 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy involves the coordination of a series of transcription activators and repressors, while their interplay to trigger pathological gene reprogramming remains unclear. NULP1 (nuclear localized protein 1) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and its biological functions in pathological cardiac hypertrophy are barely understood. Methods and Results Immunoblot and immunostaining analyses showed that NULP1 expression was consistently reduced in the failing hearts of patients and hypertrophic mouse hearts and rat cardiomyocytes. Nulp1 knockout exacerbates aortic banding-induced cardiac hypertrophy pathology, which was significantly blunted by transgenic overexpression of Nulp1. Signal pathway screening revealed the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway to be dramatically suppressed by NULP1. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that NULP1 directly interacted with the topologically associating domain of NFAT3 via its C-terminal region, which was sufficient to suppress NFAT3 transcriptional activity. Inactivation of the NFAT pathway by VIVIT peptides in vivo rescued the aggravated pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy resulting from Nulp1 deficiency. Conclusions NULP1 is an endogenous suppressor of NFAT3 signaling under hypertrophic stress and thus negatively regulates the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting overactivated NFAT by NULP1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology College of Life Sciences Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan University Wuhan China.,Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology College of Life Sciences Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan University Wuhan China.,Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Medical Science Research Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Medical Science Research Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology College of Life Sciences Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology College of Life Sciences Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology College of Life Sciences Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan University Wuhan China.,Institute of Model Animal Wuhan University Wuhan China.,Medical Science Research Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
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5
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Meng Q, Guo Y, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Li Y, Bian H. Tongsaimai reverses the hypertension and left ventricular remolding caused by abdominal aortic constriction in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112154. [PMID: 31415848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Treating ventricular remodeling continues to be a clinical challenge. Studies have shown that hypertension is one of the most common causes of ventricular remodeling, and is a major cause of cardiovascular risk in adults. Here, we report that Tongsaimai (TSM), a Chinese traditional medicine, could inhibit arterial pressure and left ventricular pressure to improve hemodynamic abnormalities in rats impaired by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). Administration of TSM significantly reduced the heart mass index and the left ventricular mass index significantly in AAC rats. TSM could also markedly ameliorate cardiac collagen deposition and reduce the concentration of hydroxyproline in the heart of AAC rats. Moreover, TSM alleviated cardiac histomorphology injury resulting from AAC, including reducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, replacement fibrosis and the disorders of myocardial myofibrils, intercalated discs, mitochondria and mitochondrial crista. In addition, the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF) - β and inflammation-related molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which were over-expressed with AAC, were decreased by STM. In conclusion, STM could reverse the hypertension and left ventricular remolding caused by abdominal aortic constriction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Yao Guo
- Nanjing TechBoon Biotechnology Company Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211899, China.
| | - Dini Zhang
- Department of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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6
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Singh S, Torzewski M. Fibroblasts and Their Pathological Functions in the Fibrosis of Aortic Valve Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090472. [PMID: 31510085 PMCID: PMC6769553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are driven by inflammation induced by a variety of stimuli, including low-density lipoproteins (LDL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), infections, mechanical stress, and chemical insults. Fibrosis is the process of compensating for tissue injury caused by chronic inflammation. Fibrosis is initially beneficial and maintains extracellular homeostasis. However, in the case of AVS and atherosclerosis, persistently active resident fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) perpetually remodel the extracellular matrix under the control of autocrine and paracrine signaling from the immune cells. Myofibroblasts also produce pro-fibrotic factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiotensin II (Ang II), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which allow them to assist in the activation and migration of resident immune cells. Post wound repair, these cells undergo apoptosis or become senescent; however, in the presence of unresolved inflammation and persistence signaling for myofibroblast activation, the tissue homeostasis is disturbed, leading to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, disorganized ECM, and thickening of the affected tissue. Accumulating evidence suggests that diverse mechanisms drive fibrosis in cardiovascular pathologies, and it is crucial to understand the impact and contribution of the various mechanisms for the control of fibrosis before the onset of a severe pathological consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Singh
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
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7
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Structural and Mechanistic Bases of Nuclear Calcium Signaling in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8765752. [PMID: 31065282 PMCID: PMC6466844 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8765752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of nonregenerative, terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to aging or diseases is generally considered irreversible. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew while maintaining their pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types, including ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (CMs), to provide a potential unlimited ex vivo source of CMs for heart disease modeling, drug/cardiotoxicity screening, and cell-based therapies. In the human heart, cytosolic Ca2+ signals are well characterized but the contribution of nuclear Ca2+ is essentially unexplored. The present study investigated nuclear Ca2+ signaling in hPSC-VCMs. Calcium transient or sparks in hPSC-VCMs were measured by line scanning using a spinning disc confocal microscope. We observed that nuclear Ca2+, which stems from unitary sparks due to the diffusion of cytosolic Ca2+ that are mediated by RyRs on the nuclear reticulum, is functional. Parvalbumin- (PV-) mediated Ca2+ buffering successfully manipulated Ca2+ transient and stimuli-induced apoptosis in hPSC-VCMs. We also investigated the effect of Ca2+ on gene transcription in hPSC-VCMs, and the involvement of nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway was identified. The overexpression of Ca2+-sensitive, nuclear localized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δB (CaMKIIδB) induced cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear Ca2+/CaMKIIδB/HDAC4/MEF2 pathway. These findings provide insights into nuclear Ca2+ signal in hPSC-VCMs, which may lead to novel strategies for maturation as well as improved systems for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell-based therapies.
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8
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Martínez-Martínez S, Lozano-Vidal N, López-Maderuelo MD, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Armesilla ÁL, Redondo JM. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in adult mice. FEBS J 2018; 286:46-65. [PMID: 30548183 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of calcineurin induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH). In these studies, loss-of-function was mostly achieved by systemic administration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. The lack of conditional knockout models for calcineurin function has impeded progress toward defining the role of this protein during the onset and the development of CH in adults. Here, we exploited a mouse model of CH based on the infusion of a hypertensive dose of angiotensin II (AngII) to model the role of calcineurin in CH in adulthood. AngII-induced CH in adult mice was reduced by treatment with cyclosporin A, without affecting the associated increase in blood pressure, and also by induction of calcineurin deletion in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for AngII-induced CH. Surprisingly, cardiac-specific deletion of calcineurin, but not treatment of mice with cyclosporin A, significantly reduced AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Analysis of profibrotic genes revealed that AngII-induced expression of Tgfβ family members and Lox was not inhibited by cyclosporin A but was markedly reduced by cardiac-specific calcineurin deletion. These results show that AngII induces a direct, calcineurin-dependent prohypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, as well as a systemic hypertensive effect that is independent of calcineurin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Maderuelo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Armesilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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9
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Dandel M, Hetzer R. Recovery of failing hearts by mechanical unloading: Pathophysiologic insights and clinical relevance. Am Heart J 2018; 206:30-50. [PMID: 30300847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
By reduction of ventricular wall-tension and improving the blood supply to vital organs, ventricular assist devices (VADs) can eliminate the major pathophysiological stimuli for cardiac remodeling and even induce reverse remodeling occasionally accompanied by clinically relevant reversal of cardiac structural and functional alterations allowing VAD explantation, even if the underlying cause for the heart failure (HF) was dilated cardiomyopathy. Accordingly, a tempting potential indication for VADs in the future might be their elective implantation as a therapeutic strategy to promote cardiac recovery in earlier stages of HF, when the reversibility of morphological and functional alterations is higher. However, the low probability of clinically relevant cardiac improvement after VAD implantation and the lack of criteria which can predict recovery already before VAD implantation do not allow so far VAD implantations primarily designed as a bridge to cardiac recovery. The few investigations regarding myocardial reverse remodeling at cellular and sub-cellular level in recovered patients who underwent VAD explantation, the differences in HF etiology and pre-implant duration of HF in recovered patients and also the differences in medical therapy used by different institutions during VAD support make it currently impossible to understand sufficiently all the biological processes and mechanisms involved in cardiac improvement which allows even VAD explantation in some patients. This article aims to provide an overview of the existing knowledge about VAD-promoted cardiac improvement focusing on the importance of bench-to-bedside research which is mandatory for attaining the future goal to use long-term VADs also as therapy-devices for reversal of chronic HF.
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10
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Graziani F, Varone F, Crea F, Richeldi L. Treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: learning from pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1385-1391. [PMID: 30085383 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a poor prognosis, and an effective treatment is currently lacking. Increasing evidence suggests a prevailing pathogenic role of cardiac fibrosis in HFpEF, which generates the possibility of a mechanistic overlap with pulmonary fibrosis. Indeed, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis share some characteristics and molecular pathways, such as that of transforming growth factor-β. If pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis share common pathways, we can hypothesize a beneficial effect of anti-fibrotic drugs used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on cardiac outcomes. Of note, pirfenidone has been tested in animal models of cardiac fibrosis and was found to be effective in reducing ventricular remodelling. Yet, no results are hitherto available for humans. In this review article, we discuss the potential benefit of anti-fibrotic treatment in HFpEF. In particular, we propose to reappraise safety data collected in placebo-controlled trials of anti-fibrotic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, to explore the hypothesis that these might reduce cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Varone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Dewenter M, von der Lieth A, Katus HA, Backs J. Calcium Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2017; 121:1000-1020. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca
2+
) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes, Ca
2+
is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse signaling cascades and influences the regulation of gene expression, referred to as excitation–transcription coupling. Disturbances in cellular Ca
2+
-handling and alterations in Ca
2+
-dependent gene expression patterns are pivotal characteristics of failing cardiomyocytes, with several excitation–transcription coupling pathways shown to be critically involved in structural and functional remodeling processes. Thus, targeting Ca
2+
-dependent transcriptional pathways might offer broad therapeutic potential. In this article, we (1) review cytosolic and nuclear Ca
2+
dynamics in cardiomyocytes with respect to their impact on Ca
2+
-dependent signaling, (2) give an overview on Ca
2+
-dependent transcriptional pathways in cardiomyocytes, and (3) discuss implications of excitation–transcription coupling in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dewenter
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Albert von der Lieth
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Johannes Backs
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ding G, May HI, Xu J, Gillette TG, Wang H, Wang ZV. Temporal dynamics of cardiac hypertrophic growth in response to pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1119-H1129. [PMID: 28822967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00284.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors of heart failure. In response to high blood pressure, the left ventricle manifests hypertrophic growth to ameliorate wall stress, which may progress into decompensation and trigger pathological cardiac remodeling. Despite the clinical importance, the temporal dynamics of pathological cardiac growth remain elusive. Here, we took advantage of the puromycin labeling approach to measure the relative rates of protein synthesis as a way to delineate the temporal regulation of cardiac hypertrophic growth. We first identified the optimal treatment conditions for puromycin in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte culture. We went on to demonstrate that myocyte growth reached its peak rate after 8-10 h of growth stimulation. At the in vivo level, with the use of an acute surgical model of pressure-overload stress, we observed the maximal growth rate to occur at day 7 after surgery. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis supports that the most profound transcriptomic changes occur during the early phase of hypertrophic growth. Our results therefore suggest that cardiac myocytes mount an immediate growth response in reply to pressure overload followed by a gradual return to basal levels of protein synthesis, highlighting the temporal dynamics of pathological cardiac hypertrophic growth.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We determined the optimal conditions of puromycin incorporation in cardiac myocyte culture. We took advantage of this approach to identify the growth dynamics of cardiac myocytes in vitro. We went further to discover the protein synthesis rate in vivo, which provides novel insights about cardiac temporal growth dynamics in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Guanqiao Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;
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13
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Xiao L, Gu Y, Gao L, Shangguan J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li L. Sanggenon C protects against pressure overload‑induced cardiac hypertrophy via the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5338-5346. [PMID: 28849031 PMCID: PMC5647066 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Sanggenon C on oxidative stress and inflammation have previously been reported; however, little is currently known regarding the effects of Sanggenon C on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In the present study, aortic banding (AB) was performed on mice to induce cardiac hypertrophy. After 1 week AB surgery, mice were treated daily with 10 or 20 mg/kg Sanggenon C for 3 weeks. Subsequently, cardiac function was detected using echocardiography and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters. In addition, the extent of cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by pathological staining and molecular analysis of heart tissue in each group. After 4 weeks of AB, vehicle-treated mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and deteriorated systolic and diastolic function, whereas treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg Sanggenon C treatment ameliorated these alterations, as evidenced by attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and preserved cardiac function. Furthermore, AB-induced activation of calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) was reduced following Sanggenon C treatment. These results suggest that Sanggenon C may exert protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiahong Shangguan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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14
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Abdul-Ghani M, Suen C, Jiang B, Deng Y, Weldrick JJ, Putinski C, Brunette S, Fernando P, Lee TT, Flynn P, Leenen FHH, Burgon PG, Stewart DJ, Megeney LA. Cardiotrophin 1 stimulates beneficial myogenic and vascular remodeling of the heart. Cell Res 2017; 27:1195-1215. [PMID: 28785017 PMCID: PMC5630684 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-natal heart adapts to stress and overload through hypertrophic growth, a process that may be pathologic or beneficial (physiologic hypertrophy). Physiologic hypertrophy improves cardiac performance in both healthy and diseased individuals, yet the mechanisms that propagate this favorable adaptation remain poorly defined. We identify the cytokine cardiotrophin 1 (CT1) as a factor capable of recapitulating the key features of physiologic growth of the heart including transient and reversible hypertrophy of the myocardium, and stimulation of cardiomyocyte-derived angiogenic signals leading to increased vascularity. The capacity of CT1 to induce physiologic hypertrophy originates from a CK2-mediated restraining of caspase activation, preventing the transition to unrestrained pathologic growth. Exogenous CT1 protein delivery attenuated pathology and restored contractile function in a severe model of right heart failure, suggesting a novel treatment option for this intractable cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul-Ghani
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Colin Suen
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Baohua Jiang
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Yupu Deng
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Weldrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Charis Putinski
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Steve Brunette
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Pasan Fernando
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Tom T Lee
- Fate Therapeutics Inc., 3535 General Atomics Court Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Peter Flynn
- Fate Therapeutics Inc., 3535 General Atomics Court Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Patrick G Burgon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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15
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Hermida N, Michel L, Esfahani H, Dubois-Deruy E, Hammond J, Bouzin C, Markl A, Colin H, Steenbergen AV, De Meester C, Beauloye C, Horman S, Yin X, Mayr M, Balligand JL. Cardiac myocyte β3-adrenergic receptors prevent myocardial fibrosis by modulating oxidant stress-dependent paracrine signaling. Eur Heart J 2017; 39:888-898. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Hermida
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Michel
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Hammond
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Markl
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henri Colin
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Van Steenbergen
- Division of Cardiology, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Meester
- Division of Cardiology, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Division of Cardiology, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Division of Cardiology, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s British Heart Foundation Center, King’s College, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Center, King’s College, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Department of Medicine, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 52 avenue Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Liu J, Chen D, Liu X, Liu Z. Cyclosporine A attenuates cardiac dysfunction induced by sepsis via inhibiting calcineurin and activating AMPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3739-3746. [PMID: 28393192 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cyclosporine A (CSA) improved cardiac dysfunction at an early stage of sepsis. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the sham‑operated control group, the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) procedure‑induced sepsis group and the CSA intervention group. Cecal ligation was performed to generate a sepsis model. At different time points (2, 6, 12, 24 and 72 h) following sepsis induction, blood pressure, cardiac function, and non‑esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) levels in the plasma and myocardia were measured, and the expression levels of components associated with the AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK)‑acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)‑carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) signaling pathway were compared among the three groups. Sepsis induced a decrease in blood pressure and cardiac function at 24 h following sepsis induction in the CLP group, and CSA treatment ameliorated these pathophysiological alterations. In addition, rats in the CLP group exhibited significant increases in calcineurin activity and NEFA accumulation in the heart when compared with those in the sham group. These effects were attenuated by CSA treatment. Mechanistically, the activity of the AMPK‑ACC‑CPT1 pathway was enhanced by CSA treatment. The present study revealed that CSA treatment increases cardiac function at an early stage of sepsis in rats. This treatment partially suppresses calcineurin activity while activating the AMPK‑TCC‑CPT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmiao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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17
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van Opbergen CJM, Delmar M, van Veen TAB. Potential new mechanisms of pro-arrhythmia in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: focus on calcium sensitive pathways. Neth Heart J 2017; 25:157-169. [PMID: 28102477 PMCID: PMC5313453 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-017-0946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, or its most well-known subform arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), is a cardiac disease mainly characterised by a gradual replacement of the myocardial mass by fibrous and fatty tissue, leading to dilatation of the ventricular wall, arrhythmias and progression towards heart failure. ARVC is commonly regarded as a disease of the intercalated disk in which mutations in desmosomal proteins are an important causative factor. Interestingly, the Dutch founder mutation PLN R14Del has been identified to play an additional, and major, role in ARVC patients within the Netherlands. This is remarkable since the phospholamban (PLN) protein plays a leading role in regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load rather than in the establishment of intercellular integrity. In this review we outline the intracellular cardiac calcium dynamics and relate pathophysiological signalling, induced by disturbed calcium handling, with activation of calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin A (CnA). We postulate a thus far unrecognised role for Ca2+ sensitive signalling proteins in maladaptive remodelling of the macromolecular protein complex that forms the intercalated disk, during pro-arrhythmic remodelling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J M van Opbergen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Delmar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - T A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Berridge BR, Mowat V, Nagai H, Nyska A, Okazaki Y, Clements PJ, Rinke M, Snyder PW, Boyle MC, Wells MY. Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Cardiovascular System of the Rat and Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:1S-47S. [PMID: 27621537 PMCID: PMC5013710 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.3s-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria
for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic
Pathology from Japan (JSTP), Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP) and North America (STP)
to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The primary purpose of this publication
is to provide a standardized nomenclature for characterizing lesions observed in the
cardiovascular (CV) system of rats and mice commonly used in drug or chemical safety
assessment. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available
electronically for society members on the internet (http://goreni.org). Accurate and
precise morphologic descriptions of changes in the CV system are important for
understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of those changes, differentiation of natural
and induced injuries and their ultimate functional consequence. Challenges in nomenclature
are associated with lesions or pathologic processes that may present as a temporal or
pathogenic spectrum or when natural and induced injuries share indistinguishable features.
Specific nomenclature recommendations are offered to provide a consistent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hirofumi Nagai
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
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19
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20
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Riquelme JA, Chavez MN, Mondaca-Ruff D, Bustamante M, Vicencio JM, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in myocardial infarction and heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:1007-19. [PMID: 27308848 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death. When MI is not lethal, heart failure (HF) is a major consequence with high prevalence and poor prognosis. The targeting of autophagy represents a potentially therapeutic approach for the treatment of both pathologies. AREAS COVERED PubMed searches were performed to discuss the current state of the art regarding the role of autophagy in MI and HF. We review available and potential approaches to modulate autophagy from a pharmacological and genetic perspective. We also discuss the targeting of autophagy in myocardial regeneration. Expert commentary: The targeting of autophagy has potential for the treatment of MI and HF. Autophagy is a process that takes place in virtually all cells of the body and thus, in order to evaluate this therapeutic approach in clinical trials, strategies that specifically target this process in the myocardium is required to avoid unwanted effects in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Riquelme
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Myra N Chavez
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Division Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina , Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Vicencio
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,d Cancer Institute , University College London , London , UK
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,e Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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21
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Morales CR, Li DL, Pedrozo Z, May HI, Jiang N, Kyrychenko V, Cho GW, Kim SY, Wang ZV, Rotter D, Rothermel BA, Schneider JW, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Inhibition of class I histone deacetylases blunts cardiac hypertrophy through TSC2-dependent mTOR repression. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra34. [PMID: 27048565 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Altering chromatin structure through histone posttranslational modifications has emerged as a key driver of transcriptional responses in cells. Modulation of these transcriptional responses by pharmacological inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of chromatin remodeling enzymes, has been successful in blocking the growth of some cancer cell types. These inhibitors also attenuate the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac remodeling by blunting and even reversing pathological hypertrophy. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical sensor and regulator of cell growth that, as part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), drives changes in protein synthesis and metabolism in both pathological and physiological hypertrophy. We demonstrated through pharmacological and genetic methods that inhibition of class I HDACs suppressed pathological cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of mTOR activity. Mice genetically silenced for HDAC1 and HDAC2 had a reduced hypertrophic response to thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) and showed reduced mTOR activity. We determined that the abundance of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), an mTOR inhibitor, was increased through a transcriptional mechanism in cardiomyocytes when class I HDACs were inhibited. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, loss of TSC2 abolished HDAC-dependent inhibition of mTOR activity, and increased expression of TSC2 was sufficient to reduce hypertrophy in response to phenylephrine. These findings point to mTOR and TSC2-dependent control of mTOR as critical components of the mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors blunt pathological cardiac growth. These results also suggest a strategy to modulate mTOR activity and facilitate the translational exploitation of HDAC inhibitors in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi R Morales
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Dan L Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Viktoriia Kyrychenko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - David Rotter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Jay W Schneider
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
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22
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Lighthouse JK, Small EM. Transcriptional control of cardiac fibroblast plasticity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:52-60. [PMID: 26721596 PMCID: PMC4764462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts help maintain the normal architecture of the healthy heart and are responsible for scar formation and the healing response to pathological insults. Various genetic, biomechanical, or humoral factors stimulate fibroblasts to become contractile smooth muscle-like cells called myofibroblasts that secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. Unfortunately, unchecked myofibroblast activation in heart disease leads to pathological fibrosis, which is a major risk factor for the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control fibroblast plasticity and myofibroblast activation is essential to develop novel strategies to specifically target pathological cardiac fibrosis without disrupting the adaptive healing response. This review highlights the major transcriptional mediators of fibroblast origin and function in development and disease. The contribution of the fetal epicardial gene program will be discussed in the context of fibroblast origin in development and following injury, primarily focusing on Tcf21 and C/EBP. We will also highlight the major transcriptional regulatory axes that control fibroblast plasticity in the adult heart, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad signaling, the Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) axis, and Calcineurin/transient receptor potential channel (TRP)/nuclear factor of activated T-Cell (NFAT) signaling. Finally, we will discuss recent strategies to divert the fibroblast transcriptional program in an effort to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "Fibrosis and Myocardial Remodeling".
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA
| | - Eric M Small
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA.
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23
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Hirsh BJ, Copeland-Halperin RS, Halperin JL. Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and thromboembolism: mechanistic links and clinical inferences. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2239-51. [PMID: 25998669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with ischemic stroke has long been recognized; yet, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this relationship are incompletely understood. Clinical schemas, such as the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category) score, incompletely account for thromboembolic risk, and emerging evidence suggests that stroke can occur in patients with AF even after sinus rhythm is restored. Atrial fibrosis correlates with both the persistence and burden of AF, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is gaining utility for detection and quantification of the fibrotic substrate, but methodological challenges limit its use. Factors related to evolution of the thrombogenic fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy support the view that AF is a marker of stroke risk regardless of whether or not the arrhythmia is sustained. Antithrombotic therapy should be guided by a comprehensive assessment of intrinsic risk rather than the presence or absence of AF at a given time.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (G.G.S., J.A.H.) and Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (G.G.S., J.A.H.) and Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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25
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Sun R, Zhang D, Zhang J, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang W. Different effects of lysophosphatidic acid on L-type calcium current in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with and without H2O2 treatment. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 118-119:1-10. [PMID: 25841350 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) alterations are implicated in various cardiac diseases, and the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) level increases in several ischemic heart diseases. We investigated the effects of LPA on I(Ca-L) in normal and H2O2-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. LPA treatment (24h) increased the action potential duration (APD) and I(Ca-L) in normal ventricular myocytes, but it decreased these parameters in H2O2-treated myocytes. LPA increased the single-channel open probability of L-type calcium channels in both normal and H2O2-treated myocytes. LPA activated calcineurin (CaN) and induced the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. In H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes, LPA decreased Ca(v)1.2 mRNA and protein expression levels at 4 and 8h, respectively. A CaN inhibitor (FK-506) prevented LPA-induced APD, I(Ca-L), and Ca(v)1.2 mRNA and protein down-regulation. The LPA-induced I(Ca-L) increase in normal cardiomyocytes was CaN-NFAT signaling-independent, and LPA did not affect Ca(v)1.2 mRNA or protein expression. In conclusion, LPA increases the I(Ca-L) in normal ventricular myocytes by increasing the single-channel open probability of L-type calcium channels, and LPA decreases I(Ca-L) in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes via the CaN-NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renren Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuyan Feng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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26
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High throughput phenotyping of left and right ventricular cardiomyopathy in calcineurin transgene mice. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:669-79. [PMID: 25627778 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Consistent protocols for the assessment of diastolic and systolic cardiac function to assure the comparability of existing data on preclinical models are missing. Calcineurin transgene (CN) mice are a preclinical model for hypertrophic and failing hearts. We aimed at evaluating left and right ventricular structural and functional remodeling in CN hearts with an optimized phenotyping protocol. We developed a protocol using techniques and indices comparable to those from human diagnostics for comprehensive in vivo cardiac screening using high-frequency echocardiography, Doppler, electrocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques. We measured left and right ventricular dimensions and function, pulmonary and mitral flow pattern and the hearts electrophysiology non-invasively in <1 h per mouse. We found severe biventricular dilation and a drastic decline in performance in accordance with a condition of heart failure (HF), diastolic dysfunction and defects in electrical conduction in 8-week-old calcineurin transgenic mice. Echocardiography of the left ventricle was performed with and without anesthesia. In all cases absolute values on echocardiography compared with CMR were smaller for LV dimension and wall thickness, resulting in higher fractional shorting and ejection fraction. The study protocol described here opens opportunities to assess the added value of combined echocardiography, Doppler, CMR and ECG recording techniques for the diagnosis of biventricular cardiac pathologies i.e. of HF and to study symptom occurrence and disease progression non-invasively in high-throughput. Phenotyping CN hearts revealed new symptom occurrence and allowed insights into the diverse phenotype of hypertrophic failing hearts.
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Increased expression of NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 in the atria correlates with procollagen I carboxyl terminal peptide and TGF-β1 levels in serum of patients with atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:167. [PMID: 25422138 PMCID: PMC4251842 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms and sensitive serum biomarkers of atrial remodeling in AF remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of the transcription factors NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 correlate with atrial structural remodeling of atrial fibrillation and serum markers for collagen I and III synthesis. Methods Right and left atrial specimens were obtained from 90 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. The patients were divided into sinus rhythm (n = 30), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n = 30), and persistent atrial fibrillation (n = 30) groups. NF-AT3, NF-AT4, and collagen I and III mRNA and protein expression in atria were measured. We also tested the levels of the carboxyl-terminal peptide from pro-collagen I, the N-terminal type I procollagen propeptides, the N-terminal type III procollagen propeptides, and TGF-β1 in serum using an enzyme immunosorbent assay. Results NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 mRNA and protein expression were increased in the AF groups, especially in the left atrium. NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 expression in the right atrium was increased in the persistent atrial fibrillation group compared the sinus rhythm group with similar valvular disease. In patients with AF, the expression levels of nuclear NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 correlated with those of collagens I and III in the atria and with PICP and TGF-β1 in blood. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that nuclear NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 participates in atrial structural remodeling, and that PICP and TGF-β1 levels may be sensitive serum biomarkers to estimate atrial structural remodeling with atrial fibrillation.
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Disruption of histamine H2 receptor slows heart failure progression through reducing myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:435-48. [PMID: 24655024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H2 receptor (H2R) blockade has been reported to be beneficial for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but the mechanisms involved are not entirely clear. In the present study, we assessed the influences of H2R disruption on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and calcineurin-mediated myocardial fibrosis. H2R-knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham surgery. The influences of H2R activation or inactivation on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and fibrosis were evaluated in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts as well as in murine hearts. After 4 weeks, H2R-knockout mice had higher echocardiographic LV fractional shortening, a larger contractility index, a significantly lower LV end-diastolic pressure, and more importantly, markedly lower pulmonary congestion compared with the wild-type mice. Similar results were obtained in wild-type TAC mice treated with H2R blocker famotidine. Histological examinations showed a lower degree of cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in H2R-knockout mice. H2R activation increased mitochondrial permeability and induced cell apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes, and also enhanced the protein expression of calcineurin, nuclear factor of activated T-cell and fibronectin in fibroblasts rather than in cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that a lack of H2R generates resistance towards heart failure and the process is associated with the inhibition of cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis, adding to the rationale for using H2R blockers to treat patients with CHF.
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29
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Abstract
Cardinal pathological features of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) include not only hypertrophied cardiomyocytes and foci of scattered microscopic scarring, a footprint of prior necrosis, but also small myocytes ensnared by fibrillar collagen where disuse atrophy with protein degradation would be predicted. Whether atrophic signaling is concordant with the appearance of HHD and involves oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains unexplored. Herein, we examine these possibilities focusing on the left ventricle and cardiomyocytes harvested from hypertensive rats receiving 4 weeks aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) alone or together with ZnSO₄, a nonvasoactive antioxidant, with the potential to attenuate atrophy and optimize hypertrophy. Compared with untreated age-/sex-/strain-matched controls, ALDOST was accompanied by (1) left ventricle hypertrophy with preserved systolic function; (2) concordant cardiomyocyte atrophy (<1000 μm²) found at sites bordering on fibrosis where they were reexpressing β-myosin heavy chain; and (3) upregulation of ubiquitin ligases, muscle RING-finger protein-1 and atrogin-1, and elevated 8-isoprostane and unfolded protein ER response with messenger RNA upregulation of stress markers. ZnSO₄ cotreatment reduced lipid peroxidation, fibrosis, and the number of atrophic myocytes, together with a further increase in cell area and width of atrophied and hypertrophied myocytes, and improved systolic function but did not attenuate elevated blood pressure. We conclude that atrophic signaling, concordant with hypertrophy, occurs in the presence of a reparative fibrosis and induction of oxidative and ER stress at sites of scarring where myocytes are atrophied. ZnSO₄ cotreatment in HHD with ALDOST attenuates the number of atrophic myocytes, optimizes size of atrophied and hypertrophied myocytes, and improves systolic function.
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30
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Kreusser MM, Lehmann LH, Keranov S, Hoting MO, Oehl U, Kohlhaas M, Reil JC, Neumann K, Schneider MD, Hill JA, Dobrev D, Maack C, Maier LS, Gröne HJ, Katus HA, Olson EN, Backs J. Cardiac CaM Kinase II genes δ and γ contribute to adverse remodeling but redundantly inhibit calcineurin-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Circulation 2014; 130:1262-73. [PMID: 25124496 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ca(2+)-dependent signaling through CaM Kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin was suggested to contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the relative importance of CaMKII versus calcineurin for adverse cardiac remodeling remained unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated double-knockout mice (DKO) lacking the 2 cardiac CaMKII genes δ and γ specifically in cardiomyocytes. We show that both CaMKII isoforms contribute redundantly to phosphorylation not only of phospholamban, ryanodine receptor 2, and histone deacetylase 4, but also calcineurin. Under baseline conditions, DKO mice are viable and display neither abnormal Ca(2+) handling nor functional and structural changes. On pathological pressure overload and β-adrenergic stimulation, DKO mice are protected against cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. But surprisingly and paradoxically, DKO mice develop cardiac hypertrophy driven by excessive activation of endogenous calcineurin, which is associated with a lack of phosphorylation at the auto-inhibitory calcineurin A site Ser411. Likewise, calcineurin inhibition prevents cardiac hypertrophy in DKO. On exercise performance, DKO mice show an exaggeration of cardiac hypertrophy with increased expression of the calcineurin target gene RCAN1-4 but no signs of adverse cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSIONS We established a mouse model in which CaMKII's activity is specifically and completely abolished. By the use of this model we show that CaMKII induces maladaptive cardiac remodeling while it inhibits calcineurin-dependent hypertrophy. These data suggest inhibition of CaMKII but not calcineurin as a promising approach to attenuate the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kreusser
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Lorenz H Lehmann
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Marc-Oscar Hoting
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Ulrike Oehl
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Jan-Christian Reil
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Kay Neumann
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Michael D Schneider
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Lars S Maier
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Eric N Olson
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.)
| | - Johannes Backs
- From the Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.M.K., L.H.L., S.K., M.-O.H., U.O., J.B.); Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (M.K., J.-C.R., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (K.N., L.S.M.); British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.D.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.-J.G.); Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southwestern Texas Medical Center, Dallas (E.N.O.).
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Kapur NK, Qiao X, Paruchuri V, Mackey EE, Daly GH, Ughreja K, Morine KJ, Levine J, Aronovitz MJ, Hill NS, Jaffe IZ, Letarte M, Karas RH. Reducing endoglin activity limits calcineurin and TRPC-6 expression and improves survival in a mouse model of right ventricular pressure overload. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:jah3612. [PMID: 25015075 PMCID: PMC4310384 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular (RV) failure is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is often a consequence of RV pressure overload (RVPO). Endoglin is a coreceptor for the profibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). TGF-β1 signaling by the canonical transient receptor protein channel 6 (TRPC-6) was recently reported to stimulate calcineurin-mediated myofibroblast transformation, a critical component of cardiac fibrosis. We hypothesized that reduced activity of the TGF-β1 coreceptor, endoglin, limits RV calcineurin expression and improves survival in RVPO. METHODS AND RESULTS We first demonstrate that endoglin is required for TGF-β1-mediated calcineurin/TRPC-6 expression and up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle antigen (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast transformation, in human RV fibroblasts. Using endoglin haploinsufficient mice (Eng(+/-)) we show that reduced endoglin activity preserves RV function, limits RV fibrosis, and attenuates activation of the calcineurin/TRPC-6/α-SMA pathway in a model of angio-obliterative pulmonary hypertension. Next, using Eng(+/-) mice or a neutralizing antibody (Ab) against endoglin (N-Eng) in wild-type mice, we show that reduced endoglin activity improves survival and attenuates RV fibrosis in models of RVPO induced by pulmonary artery constriction. To explore the utility of targeting endoglin, we observed a reversal of RV fibrosis and calcineurin levels in wild-type mice treated with a N-Eng Ab, compared to an immunoglobulin G control. CONCLUSION These data establish endoglin as a regulator of TGF-β1 signaling by calcineurin and TRPC-6 in the RV and identify it as a potential therapeutic target to limit RV fibrosis and improve survival in RVPO, a common cause of death in cardiac and pulmonary disease.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Calcineurin/genetics
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoglin
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/cytology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- TRPC Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism
- TRPC6 Cation Channel
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K. Kapur
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Vikram Paruchuri
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Emily E. Mackey
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Gerard H. Daly
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Keshan Ughreja
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Kevin J. Morine
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Jonathan Levine
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Mark J. Aronovitz
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Nicholas S. Hill
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Michelle Letarte
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, Hospital for
Sick Children, and The Heart and Stroke Foundation Richard Lewar Center of Excellence, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.L.)
| | - Richard H. Karas
- The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Surgical
Research Laboratories, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA (N.K.K., X.Q., V.P., E.E.M., G.H.D., K.U., K.J.M., J.L., M.J.A.,
N.S.H., I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
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Merit of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure in type 1-like diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:484161. [PMID: 24745017 PMCID: PMC3976851 DOI: 10.1155/2014/484161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the merit of ginseng in the improvement of heart failure in diabetic rats and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ (PPAR δ ). We used streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (STZ-rat) to screen the effects of ginseng on cardiac performance and PPAR δ expression. Changes of body weight, water intake, and food intake were compared in three groups of age-matched rats; the normal control (Wistar rats) received vehicle, STZ-rats received vehicle and ginseng-treated STZ-rats. We also determined cardiac performances in addition to blood glucose level in these animals. The protein levels of PPAR δ in hearts were identified using Western blotting analysis. In STZ-rats, cardiac performances were decreased but the food intake, water intake, and blood glucose were higher than the vehicle-treated control. After a 7-day treatment of ginseng in STZ-rats, cardiac output was markedly enhanced without changes in diabetic parameters. This treatment with ginseng also increased the PPAR δ expression in hearts of STZ-rats. The related signal of cardiac contractility, troponin I phosphorylation, was also raised. Ginseng-induced increasing of cardiac output was reversed by the cotreatment with PPAR δ antagonist GSK0660. Thus, we suggest that ginseng could improve heart failure through the increased PPAR δ expression in STZ-rats.
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33
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Ginseng is useful to enhance cardiac contractility in animals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:723084. [PMID: 24689053 PMCID: PMC3932289 DOI: 10.1155/2014/723084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng has been shown to be effective on cardiac dysfunction. Recent evidence has highlighted the mediation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in cardiac function. Thus, we are interested to investigate the role of PPARδ in ginseng-induced modification of cardiac contractility. The isolated hearts in Langendorff apparatus and hemodynamic analysis in catheterized rats were applied to measure the actions of ginseng ex vivo and in vivo. In normal rats, ginseng enhanced cardiac contractility and hemodynamic dP/dt(max) significantly. Both actions were diminished by GSK0660 at a dose enough to block PPARδ. However, ginseng failed to modify heart rate at the same dose, although it did produce a mild increase in blood pressure. Data of intracellular calcium level and Western blotting analysis showed that both the PPARδ expression and troponin I phosphorylation were raised by ginseng in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte. Thus, we suggest that ginseng could enhance cardiac contractility through increased PPARδ expression in cardiac cells.
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Kong P, Christia P, Frangogiannis NG. The pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:549-74. [PMID: 23649149 PMCID: PMC3769482 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1112] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium, and contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses the cellular effectors and molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Although activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in the fibrotic heart, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also contribute to the fibrotic response by secreting key fibrogenic mediators. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reactive oxygen species, mast cell-derived proteases, endothelin-1, the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system, matricellular proteins, and growth factors (such as TGF-β and PDGF) are some of the best-studied mediators implicated in cardiac fibrosis. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggests that cardiac fibrotic alterations may be reversible. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis is crucial to design anti-fibrotic treatment strategies for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kong
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Panagiota Christia
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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The NO/ONOO-cycle as the central cause of heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22274-330. [PMID: 24232452 PMCID: PMC3856065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NO/ONOO-cycle is a primarily local, biochemical vicious cycle mechanism, centered on elevated peroxynitrite and oxidative stress, but also involving 10 additional elements: NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, mitochondrial dysfunction (lowered energy charge, ATP), NMDA activity, intracellular Ca(2+), TRP receptors and tetrahydrobiopterin depletion. All 12 of these elements have causal roles in heart failure (HF) and each is linked through a total of 87 studies to specific correlates of HF. Two apparent causal factors of HF, RhoA and endothelin-1, each act as tissue-limited cycle elements. Nineteen stressors that initiate cases of HF, each act to raise multiple cycle elements, potentially initiating the cycle in this way. Different types of HF, left vs. right ventricular HF, with or without arrhythmia, etc., may differ from one another in the regions of the myocardium most impacted by the cycle. None of the elements of the cycle or the mechanisms linking them are original, but they collectively produce the robust nature of the NO/ONOO-cycle which creates a major challenge for treatment of HF or other proposed NO/ONOO-cycle diseases. Elevated peroxynitrite/NO ratio and consequent oxidative stress are essential to both HF and the NO/ONOO-cycle.
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36
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Abstract
Despite declines in heart failure morbidity and mortality with current therapies, rehospitalization rates remain distressingly high, substantially affecting individuals, society, and the economy. As a result, the need for new therapeutic advances and novel medical devices is urgent. Disease-related left ventricular remodeling is a complex process involving cardiac myocyte growth and death, vascular rarefaction, fibrosis, inflammation, and electrophysiological remodeling. Because these events are highly interrelated, targeting a single molecule or process may not be sufficient. Here, we review molecular and cellular mechanisms governing pathological ventricular remodeling.
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37
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Nuclear tropomyosin and troponin in striated muscle: new roles in a new locale? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2013; 34:275-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-013-9356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Syndecan-4 signaling via NFAT regulates extracellular matrix production and cardiac myofibroblast differentiation in response to mechanical stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Davis J, Maillet M, Miano JM, Molkentin JD. Lost in transgenesis: a user's guide for genetically manipulating the mouse in cardiac research. Circ Res 2012; 111:761-77. [PMID: 22935533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.262717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The advent of modern mouse genetics has benefited many fields of diseased-based research over the past 20 years, none perhaps more profoundly than cardiac biology. Indeed, the heart is now arguably one of the easiest tissues to genetically manipulate, given the availability of an ever-growing tool chest of molecular reagents/promoters and "facilitator" mouse lines. It is now possible to modify the expression of essentially any gene or partial gene product in the mouse heart at any time, either gain or loss of function. This review is designed as a handbook for the nonmouse geneticist and/or junior investigator to permit the successful manipulation of any gene or RNA product in the heart, while avoiding artifacts. In the present review, guidelines, pitfalls, and limitations are presented so that rigorous and appropriate examination of cardiac genotype-phenotype relationships can be performed. This review uses examples from the field to illustrate the vast spectrum of experimental and design details that must be considered when using genetically modified mouse models to study cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, S4.409, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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40
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Hill JA. Hypertrophic reprogramming of the left ventricle: translation to the ECG. J Electrocardiol 2012; 45:624-9. [PMID: 22999493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic growth of the heart occurs in many clinical scenarios, and it confers substantially increased risk of untoward sequelae. Among them, transition to ventricular dilation, wall thinning, contractile dysfunction, and a clinical syndrome of heart failure are paramount. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is typically diagnosed by either electrocardiography or echocardiography. However, these two means of assessing hypertrophic transformation of the left ventricle can sometimes disagree. At one level, this may not be surprising as the two methodologies are based on entirely divergent signals: electrical potential between two places on the surface of the skin and ultrasound energy reflected from the ventricle itself. Echocardiography is an effective means of assessing ventricular mass, which is a cardinal feature of LVH. Importantly, however, LVH is characterized by a wide range of remodeling events beyond simple increases in muscle mass. Electrocardiographic changes in LVH are reflective of the electrophysiological aspects of hypertrophic transformation. Here, I present an overview of the complex biology of left ventricular hypertrophy with an eye toward enhancing our understanding of its ECG manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
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Abstract
Stress-induced hypertrophic growth of the heart predisposes the heart to arrhythmia, contractile dysfunction, and clinical heart failure. FHL2 (four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2) is expressed predominantly in the heart, and inactivation of the gene coding for FHL2 leads to exaggerated responsiveness to adrenergic stress. Activation of calcineurin occurs downstream of β-adrenergic signaling and is required for isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that FHL2 suppresses stress-induced activation of calcineurin. FHL2 is upregulated in mouse hearts exposed to isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, and isoproterenol-induced increases in the NFAT target genes RCAN1.4 and BNP were amplified significantly in FHL2 knockout (FHL2(-/-)) mice compared with levels in wild-type (WT) mice. To determine whether the effect of FHL2 on NFAT target gene transcript levels occurred at the level of transcription, HEK 293 cells and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were transfected with a luciferase reporter construct harboring the NFAT-dependent promoters of either RCAN1 or interleukin 2 (IL-2). Consistent with the in vivo data, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of FHL2 led to increased activation of these promoters by constitutively active calcineurin or the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Importantly, activation of the RCAN1 promoter by ionomycin, in control and FHL2 knockdown cells, was abolished by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine, confirming the calcineurin dependence of the response. Overexpression of FHL2 inhibited activation of both NFAT reporter constructs. Furthermore, NRVMs overexpressing FHL2 exhibited reduced hypertrophic growth in response to constitutively active calcineurin, as measured by cell cross-sectional area and fetal gene expression. Finally, immunostaining in isolated adult cardiomyocytes revealed colocalization of FHL2 and calcineurin predominantly at the sarcomere and activation of calcineurin by endothelin-1-facilitated interaction between FHL2 and calcineurin. FHL2 is an endogenous, agonist-dependent suppressor of calcineurin.
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George CH, Parthimos D, Silvester NC. A network-oriented perspective on cardiac calcium signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C897-910. [PMID: 22843795 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00388.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The normal contractile, electrical, and energetic function of the heart depends on the synchronization of biological oscillators and signal integrators that make up cellular signaling networks. In this review we interpret experimental data from molecular, cellular, and transgenic models of cardiac signaling behavior in the context of established concepts in cell network architecture and organization. Focusing on the cellular Ca(2+) handling machinery, we describe how the plasticity and adaptability of normal Ca(2+) signaling is dependent on dynamic network configurations that operate across a wide range of functional states. We consider how (mal)adaptive changes in signaling pathways restrict the dynamic range of the network such that it cannot respond appropriately to physiologic stimuli or perturbation. Based on these concepts, a model is proposed in which pathologic abnormalities in cardiac rhythm and contractility (e.g., arrhythmias and heart failure) arise as a consequence of progressive desynchronization and reduction in the dynamic range of the Ca(2+) signaling network. We discuss how a systems-level understanding of the network organization, cellular noise, and chaotic behavior may inform the design of new therapeutic modalities that prevent or reverse the disease-linked unraveling of the Ca(2+) signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H George
- Wales Heart Research Institute and Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff Univ., Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK CF14 4XN.
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.275891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moey M, Gan XT, Huang CX, Rajapurohitam V, Martínez-Abundis E, Lui EM, Karmazyn M. Ginseng Reverses Established Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Postmyocardial Infarction-Induced Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:504-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.967489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
A major challenge in the treatment of heart failure is the ability to reverse already-established myocardial remodeling and ventricular dysfunction, with few available pharmacological agents prescribed for the management of heart failure having demonstrated successful reversal of the remodeling and hypertrophic processes. North American ginseng (
Panax quinquefolius
) has previously been shown to effectively prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure. Here, we determined whether North American ginseng can reverse established cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured myocytes as well as hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure secondary to coronary artery occlusion.
Methods and Results—
Ginseng was administered in drinking water (0.9 g/L) ad libitum to rats after 4 weeks of sustained coronary artery ligation when heart failure was established or to angiotensin II- (100 nmol/L), endothelin-1- (10 nmol/L), or phenylephrine- (10 µmol/L) induced hypertrophic cultured neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes. Echocardiographic and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters 4 weeks after starting ginseng treatment (8 weeks postinfarction) revealed nearly complete reversibility of systolic and diastolic abnormalities. Similarly, ginseng administration to hypertrophic cardiomyocytes resulted in a complete reversal to a normal phenotype after 24 hours as determined by cell surface area and expression of molecular markers. The effects of ginseng both in vivo and in cultured cardiomyocytes were associated with reversal of calcineurin activation and reduced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFAT3 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 3) in cultured myocytes. Moreover, the beneficial effect of ginseng was associated with normalization in the gene expression of profibrotic markers, including collagen (I and III) and fibronectin.
Conclusions—
This study demonstrates a marked ability of ginseng to reverse cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure, which was associated with and likely mediated by reversal of calcineurin activation. Ginseng may offer a potentially effective approach to reverse the myocardial remodeling and heart failure processes, particularly in combination with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Moey
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaohong T. Gan
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cathy Xiaoling Huang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Rajapurohitam
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edmund M.K. Lui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Karmazyn
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Automated imaging reveals a concentration dependent delay in reversibility of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:282-90. [PMID: 22575844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is controlled by a dense signaling network with many pathways associated with cardiac myocyte growth. New large scale methodology is required to quantitatively characterize the pathways that distinguish reversible forms of hypertrophy from irreversible forms that lead to heart failure. Our automated image acquisition method records 5×5 mosaic images of fluorescent protein-labeled cardiac myocytes within each well of a 96-well plate using an automated stage and focus. Post-processing algorithms automatically identify cell edges, quantify cell phenotypes, and track cells. We uniquely applied our imaging platform to study hypertrophy reversibility in a scalable cell model. Cell area changes after washout of a dose response to the α-adrenergic receptor (αAR) agonist phenylephrine (PE) showed that hypertrophy reverses at low but not high levels of α-adrenergic signaling: a reversibility delay. Perturbations with specialized αAR antagonists, a mathematical model, and live imaging of αAR localization identify the mechanism for this reversibility delay: ligand trapping with internalized PE acting on intracellular αAR's.
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) involves changes in cardiac structure, myocardial composition, myocyte deformation, and multiple biochemical and molecular alterations that impact heart function and reserve capacity. Collectively, these changes have been referred to as 'cardiac remodeling'. Understanding the components of this process with the goal of stopping or reversing its progression has become a major objective. This concept is often termed 'reverse remodeling', and is successfully achieved by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, β-blockers, and device therapies such as cardiac resynchronization or ventricular assist devices. Not every method of reverse remodeling has long-lasting clinical efficacy. However, thus far, every successful clinical treatment with long-term benefits on the morbidity and mortality of patients with HF reverses remodeling. Reverse remodeling is defined by lower chamber volumes (particularly end-systolic volume) and is often accompanied by improved β-adrenergic and heart-rate responsiveness. At the cellular level, reverse remodeling impacts on myocyte size, function, excitation-contraction coupling, bioenergetics, and a host of molecular pathways that regulate contraction, cell survival, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and other features. Here, we review the current evidence for reverse remodeling by existing therapies, and discuss novel approaches that are rapidly moving from preclinical to clinical trials.
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Luo X, Hojayev B, Jiang N, Wang ZV, Tandan S, Rakalin A, Rothermel BA, Gillette TG, Hill JA. STIM1-dependent store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is required for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:136-47. [PMID: 22108056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis are an important trigger of pathological cardiac remodeling; however, mechanisms governing context-dependent changes in Ca(2+) influx are poorly understood. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism regulating Ca(2+) trafficking in numerous cell types, yet its prevalence in adult heart and possible role in physiology and disease are each unknown. The Ca(2+)-binding protein, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), is a Ca(2+) sensor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), capable of triggering SOCE by interacting with plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels. We report that SOCE is abundant and robust in neonatal cardiomyocytes; however, SOCE is absent from adult cardiomyocytes. Levels of STIM1 transcript and protein correlate with the amplitude of SOCE, and manipulation of STIM1 protein levels (via shRNA) or activity (via expression of constitutively active or dominant-negative mutants) reveals a critical role for STIM1 in activating SOCE in cardiac myocytes. In neonatal hearts a recently identified STIM1 splice variant (STIM1L) is predominant but diminishes with maturation, only to reemerge with agonist- or afterload-induced cardiac stress. To test for pathophysiological relevance, we evaluated both in vitro and in vivo models of cardiac hypertrophy, finding that STIM1 expression is re-activated by pathological stress to trigger significant SOCE-dependent Ca(2+) influx. STIM1 amplifies agonist-induced hypertrophy via activation of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Importantly, inhibition of STIM1 suppresses agonist-triggered hypertrophy, pointing to a requirement for SOCE in this remodeling response. Stress-triggered STIM1 re-expression, and consequent SOCE activation, are critical elements in the upstream, Ca(2+)-dependent control of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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