1
|
Fransén K, Hiyoshi A, Paramel GV, Hurtig-Wennlöf A. Association between C10X polymorphism in the CARD8 gene and inflammatory markers in young healthy individuals in the LBA study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38350853 PMCID: PMC10863129 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Caspase activation and recruitment domain 8 (CARD8) protein is a component of innate immunity as a negative regulator of NF- ĸB, and has been associated with regulation of proteins involved in inflammation. Expression of CARD8 mRNA and protein has been identified in human atherosclerotic lesions, and the truncated T30A variant (rs2043211) of CARD8 has been associated with lower C-reactive (CRP) and MCP-1 levels in myocardial infarction patients. The present study examines the role of a genetic variation in the CARD8 gene in relation to a selection of markers of inflammation. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of young healthy individuals (18.0-25.9 yrs, n = 744) the association between the rs2043211 variant in the CARD8 gene and protein markers of inflammation was assessed. Genotyping of the CARD8 C10X (rs2043211) polymorphism was performed with TaqMan real time PCR on DNA from blood samples. Protein levels were studied via Olink inflammation panel ( https://olink.com/ ). Using linear models, we analyzed men and two groups of women with and without estrogen containing contraceptives separately, due to previous findings indicating differences between estrogen users and non-estrogen using women. Genotypes were analyzed by additive, recessive and dominant models. RESULTS The minor (A) allele of the rs2043211 polymorphism in the CARD8 gene was associated with lower levels of CCL20 and IL-6 in men (CCL20, Additive model: p = 0.023; Dominant model: p = 0.016. IL-6, Additive model: p = 0.042; Dominant model: p = 0.039). The associations remained significant also after adjustment for age and potential intermediate variables. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CARD8 may be involved in the regulation of CCL20 and IL-6 in men. No such association was observed in women. These findings strengthen and support previous in vitro data on IL-6 and CCL20 and highlight the importance of CARD8 as a factor in the regulation of inflammatory proteins. The reason to the difference between sexes is however not clear, and the influence of estrogen as a possible factor important for the inflammatory response needs to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fransén
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ayako Hiyoshi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Geena V Paramel
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. Alterations in Th17 Cells and Non-Classical Monocytes as a Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis during ART-Treated HIV-1 Infection. Cells 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38247848 PMCID: PMC10813976 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important comorbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed in the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) > 5%) revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as the total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV), in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4+ T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1, and triglyceride levels; lower Th17/Treg ratios; and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV+, TPV+ versus TPV- exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocytes, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9lowHLADRhigh monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Annie Gosselin
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Natalia Fonseca Rosario
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Madeleine Durand
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Cécile L. Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (T.R.W.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.T.)
- CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A2, Canada; (A.G.); (N.F.R.); (M.E.-F.); (A.F.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wiche Salinas TR, Zhang Y, Gosselin A, Do Rosario NF, El-Far M, Filali-Mouhim A, Routy JP, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Landay AL, Durand M, Tremblay CL, Ancuta P. A Blood Immunological Signature of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in People Living with HIV-1 Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571922. [PMID: 38187644 PMCID: PMC10769180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important co-morbidity in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our previous studies performed on the Canadian HIV/Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) (>40 years-old; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) >5%), revealed a 2-3-fold increase in non-calcified coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) plaque burden, measured by Computed tomography angiography scan (CTAScan) as total (TPV) and low attenuated plaque volume (LAPV) in ART-treated PLWH (HIV+) versus uninfected controls (HIV-). In an effort to identify novel correlates of subclinical CAA, markers of intestinal damage (sCD14, LBP, FABP2); cell trafficking/inflammation (CCL20, CX3CL1, MIF, CCL25); subsets of Th17-polarized and regulatory (Tregs) CD4 + T-cells, classical/intermediate/non-classical monocytes, and myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells, were studied in relationship with HIV and TPV/LAPV status. The TPV detection/values coincided with higher plasma sCD14, FABP2, CCL20, MIF, CX3CL1 and triglyceride levels, lower Th17/Treg ratios, and classical monocyte expansion. Among HIV + , TPV + versus TPV - exhibited lower Th17 frequencies, reduced Th17/Treg ratios, higher frequencies of non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte, and increased plasma fibrinogen levels. Finally, Th17/Treg ratios and non-classical CCR9 low HLADR high monocyte frequencies remained associated with TPV/LAPV after adjusting for FRS and HIV/ART duration in a logistic regression model. These findings point to Th17 paucity and non-classical monocyte abundance as novel immunological correlates of subclinical CAA that may fuel the CVD risk in ART-treated PLWH.
Collapse
|
4
|
Geelen IGP, Gullaksen SE, Ilander MM, Olssen-Strömberg U, Mustjoki S, Richter J, Blijlevens NMA, Smit WM, Gjertsen BT, Gedde-Dahl T, Markevärn B, Koppes MMA, Westerweel PE, Hjorth-Hansen H, Janssen JJWM. Switching from imatinib to nilotinib plus pegylated interferon-α2b in chronic phase CML failing to achieve deep molecular response: clinical and immunological effects. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1395-1408. [PMID: 37119314 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve molecular response for a discontinuation attempt in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase, who had not achieved at least a molecular response <0.01% BCR-ABL1IS (MR4.0) after at least 2 years of imatinib therapy, we prospectively evaluated whether they could attain MR4.0 after a switch to a combination of nilotinib and 9 months of pegylated interferon-α2b (PegIFN). The primary endpoint of confirmed MR4.0 at month 12 (a BCR-ABL1IS level ≤ 0.01% both at 12 and 15 months) was reached by 44% (7/16 patients, 95% confidence interval (CI): 23- 67%) of patients, with 81% (13/16 patients, 95% CI: 57-93%) of patients achieving an unconfirmed MR4.0. The scheduled combination was completed by 56% of the patients, with premature discontinuations, mainly due to mood disturbances after the introduction of PegIFN, questioning the feasibility of the combination of nilotinib and PegIFN for this patient population and treatment goal. A comprehensive clinical substudy program was implemented to characterize the impact of the treatment changes on the immunological profile. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01866553.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge G P Geelen
- Department of Internal Medicine / Hematology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stein-Erik Gullaksen
- Centre of Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology section, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mette M Ilander
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Richter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Willem M Smit
- Department of Hematology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn T Gjertsen
- Centre of Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology section, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Markevärn
- Department of Hematology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malika M A Koppes
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter E Westerweel
- Department of Internal Medicine / Hematology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Hjorth-Hansen
- Department of Hematology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeroen J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernández-Gallego N, Castillo-González R, Méndez-Barbero N, López-Sanz C, Obeso D, Villaseñor A, Escribese MM, López-Melgar B, Salamanca J, Benedicto-Buendía A, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Ibañez B, Sastre J, Belver MT, Vega F, Blanco C, Barber D, Sánchez-Madrid F, de la Fuente H, Martín P, Esteban V, Jiménez-Saiz R. The impact of type 2 immunity and allergic diseases in atherosclerosis. Allergy 2022; 77:3249-3266. [PMID: 35781885 DOI: 10.1111/all.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are allergen-induced immunological disorders characterized by the development of type 2 immunity and IgE responses. The prevalence of allergic diseases has been on the rise alike cardiovascular disease (CVD), which affects arteries of different organs such as the heart, the kidney and the brain. The underlying cause of CVD is often atherosclerosis, a disease distinguished by endothelial dysfunction, fibrofatty material accumulation in the intima of the artery wall, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and Th1 inflammation. The opposed T-cell identity of allergy and atherosclerosis implies an atheroprotective role for Th2 cells by counteracting Th1 responses. Yet, the clinical association between allergic disease and CVD argues against it. Within, we review different phases of allergic pathology, basic immunological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the clinical association between allergic diseases (particularly asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and food allergy) and CVD. Then, we discuss putative atherogenic mechanisms of type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation including acute allergic reactions (IgE, IgG1, mast cells, macrophages and allergic mediators such as vasoactive components, growth factors and those derived from the complement, contact and coagulation systems) and late phase inflammation (Th2 cells, eosinophils, type 2 innate-like lymphoid cells, alarmins, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia López-Sanz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Obeso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Escribese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Salamanca
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Benedicto-Buendía
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Belver
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu PH, Glerup RI, Svensson MHS, Eriksson N, Christensen JH, de Laval P, Soveri I, Westerlund M, Linde T, Ljunggren Ö, Fellström B. Novel Biomarkers Detected by Proteomics Predict Death and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040740. [PMID: 35453489 PMCID: PMC9026983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease increases mortality and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. It is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to predict CV disease in the complex setting of patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). This study investigated the association between 92 targeted proteins with all-cause death, CV death, and composite vascular events (CVEs) in HD patients. From December 2010 to March 2011, 331 HD patients were included and followed prospectively for 5 years. Serum was analyzed for 92 CV-related proteins using Proseek Multiplex Cardiovascular I panel, a high-sensitivity assay based on proximity extension assay (PEA) technology. The association between biomarkers and all-cause death, CV death, and CVEs was evaluated using Cox-regression analyses. Of the PEA-based proteins, we identified 20 proteins associated with risk of all-cause death, 7 proteins associated with risk of CV death, and 17 proteins associated with risk of CVEs, independent of established risk factors. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1), and C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20) were associated with increased risk of all-cause death, CV death, and CVE in multivariable-adjusted models. Stem cell factor (SCF) and Galanin peptides (GAL) were associated with both decreased risk of all-cause death and CV death. In conclusion, IL-8, TIM-1, and CCL20 predicted death and CV outcomes in HD patients. Novel findings were that SCF and GAL were associated with a lower risk of all-cause death and CV death. The SCF warrants further study with regard to its possible biological effect in HD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Rie Io Glerup
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.I.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - My Hanna Sofia Svensson
- Division of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Philip de Laval
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Inga Soveri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Magnus Westerlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Torbjörn Linde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-6114348
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monocyte subset redistribution from blood to kidneys in patients with Puumala virus caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009400. [PMID: 33690725 PMCID: PMC7984619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells like monocytes patrol the vasculature and mucosal surfaces, recognize pathogens, rapidly redistribute to affected tissues and cause inflammation by secretion of cytokines. We previously showed that monocytes are reduced in blood but accumulate in the airways of patients with Puumala virus (PUUV) caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). However, the dynamics of monocyte infiltration to the kidneys during HFRS, and its impact on disease severity are currently unknown. Here, we examined longitudinal peripheral blood samples and renal biopsies from HFRS patients and performed in vitro experiments to investigate the fate of monocytes during HFRS. During the early stages of HFRS, circulating CD14-CD16+ nonclassical monocytes (NCMs) that patrol the vasculature were reduced in most patients. Instead, CD14+CD16- classical (CMs) and CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes (IMs) were increased in blood, in particular in HFRS patients with more severe disease. Blood monocytes from patients with acute HFRS expressed higher levels of HLA-DR, the endothelial adhesion marker CD62L and the chemokine receptors CCR7 and CCR2, as compared to convalescence, suggesting monocyte activation and migration to peripheral tissues during acute HFRS. Supporting this hypothesis, increased numbers of HLA-DR+, CD14+, CD16+ and CD68+ cells were observed in the renal tissues of acute HFRS patients compared to controls. In vitro, blood CD16+ monocytes upregulated CD62L after direct exposure to PUUV whereas CD16- monocytes upregulated CCR7 after contact with PUUV-infected endothelial cells, suggesting differential mechanisms of activation and response between monocyte subsets. Together, our findings suggest that NCMs are reduced in blood, potentially via CD62L-mediated attachment to endothelial cells and monocytes are recruited to the kidneys during HFRS. Monocyte mobilization, activation and functional impairment together may influence the severity of disease in acute PUUV-HFRS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Srikakulapu P, Upadhye A, Drago F, Perry HM, Bontha SV, McSkimming C, Marshall MA, Taylor AM, McNamara CA. Chemokine Receptor-6 Promotes B-1 Cell Trafficking to Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Local IgM Production and Atheroprotection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636013. [PMID: 33679793 PMCID: PMC7933012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor-6 (CCR6) mediates immune cell recruitment to inflammatory sites and has cell type-specific effects on diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Previously we showed that loss of CCR6 in B cells resulted in loss of B cell-mediated atheroprotection, although the B cell subtype mediating this effect was unknown. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) harbors high numbers of B cells including atheroprotective IgM secreting B-1 cells. Production of IgM antibodies is a major mechanism whereby B-1 cells limit atherosclerosis development. Yet whether CCR6 regulates B-1 cell number and production of IgM in the PVAT is unknown. In this present study, flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that both B-1 and B-2 cells express CCR6, albeit at a higher frequency in B-2 cells in both humans and mice. Nevertheless, B-2 cell numbers in peritoneal cavity (PerC), spleen, bone marrow and PVAT were no different in ApoE -/- CCR6 -/- compared to ApoE -/- CCR6 +/+ mice. In contrast, the numbers of atheroprotective IgM secreting B-1 cells were significantly lower in the PVAT of ApoE -/- CCR6 -/- compared to ApoE -/- CCR6 +/+ mice. Surprisingly, adoptive transfer (AT) of CD43- splenic B cells into B cell-deficient μMT -/- ApoE -/- mice repopulated the PerC with B-1 and B-2 cells and reduced atherosclerosis when transferred into ApoE -/- CCR6 +/+ sIgM -/- mice only when those cells expressed both CCR6 and sIgM. CCR6 expression on circulating human B cells in subjects with a high level of atherosclerosis in their coronary arteries was lower only in the putative human B-1 cells. These results provide evidence that B-1 cell CCR6 expression enhances B-1 cell number and IgM secretion in PVAT to provide atheroprotection in mice and suggest potential human relevance to our murine findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Heather M Perry
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sai Vineela Bontha
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melissa A Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Angela M Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elnabawi YA, Garshick MS, Tawil M, Barrett TJ, Fisher EA, Lo Sicco K, Neimann AL, Scher JU, Krueger J, Berger JS. CCL20 in psoriasis: A potential biomarker of disease severity, inflammation, and impaired vascular health. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:913-920. [PMID: 33259876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is associated with increased cardiovascular risk that is not captured by traditional proinflammatory biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, circulating proinflammatory biomarkers, and vascular health in psoriasis. METHODS In patients with psoriasis and in age and sex-matched controls, 273 proteins were analyzed with the Proseek Multiplex Cardiovascular disease reagents kit and Inflammatory reagents kit (Olink Bioscience), whereas vascular endothelial inflammation and health were measured via direct transcriptomic analysis of brachial vein endothelial cells. RESULTS In psoriasis, chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17A were the top 3 circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Vascular endothelial inflammation correlated with CCL20 (r = 0.55; P < .001) and less so with IL-6 (r = 0.36; P = .04) and IL-17A (r = 0.29; P = .12). After adjustment for potential confounders, the association between CCL20 and vascular endothelial inflammation remained significant (β = 1.71; P = .02). In nested models, CCL20 added value (χ2 = 79.22; P < .001) to a model already incorporating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Framingham risk, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Il-17A, and IL-6 (χ2 = 48.18; P < .001) in predicting vascular endothelial inflammation. LIMITATIONS Our study was observational and did not allow for causal inference in the relationship between CCL20 and cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that CCL20 expression has a strong association with vascular endothelial inflammation, reflects systemic inflammation, and may serve as a potential biomarker of impaired vascular health in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Elnabawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael S Garshick
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Michael Tawil
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Lo Sicco
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrea L Neimann
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jose U Scher
- Psoriatic Arthritis Center, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - James Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Hematology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tawaraishi T, Sakauchi N, Hidaka K, Yoshikawa K, Okui T, Kuno H, Chisaki I, Aso K. Identification of a novel series of potent and selective CCR6 inhibitors as biological probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3067-3072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Qiao L, Chen W. Atheroprotective effects and molecular targets of bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:212-229. [PMID: 30107203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has served the Chinese people since antiquity, and is playing an important role in today's healthcare. However, there has been controversy in the use of these traditional herbs due to unclear components and absence of scientific proof. As China plans to modernize traditional medicine, successful attempts to better understand the molecular mechanisms of TCM have been made by focusing on isolating active ingredients from these remedies. In this review, we critically examined the current evidence on atheroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from TCM using in vitro or in vivo models in the past two decades. A total of 47 active compounds were included in our review, which were introduced in the order of chemical structures, source, model, efficacy and mechanism. Notablely, this review highlighted the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these active compounds in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Two compounds were also involved in double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Besides, we introduced the legislations of the People's Republic of China ensuring quality and safety of products used in TCM. In summary, studies on bioactive compounds from TCM will provide a new approach for better management of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin YL, Ip PP, Liao F. CCR6 Deficiency Impairs IgA Production and Dysregulates Antimicrobial Peptide Production, Altering the Intestinal Flora. Front Immunol 2017; 8:805. [PMID: 28744287 PMCID: PMC5504188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity exists as a complex relationship among immune cells, epithelial cells, and microbiota. CCR6 and its ligand-CCL20 are highly expressed in intestinal mucosal tissues, such as Peyer's patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). In this study, we investigated the role of the CCR6-CCL20 axis in intestinal immunity under homeostatic conditions. CCR6 deficiency intrinsically affects germinal center reactions in PPs, leading to impairments in IgA class switching, IgA affinity, and IgA memory B cell production and positioning in PPs, suggesting an important role for CCR6 in T-cell-dependent IgA generation. CCR6 deficiency impairs the maturation of ILFs. In these follicles, group 3 innate lymphoid cells are important components and a major source of IL-22, which stimulates intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We found that CCR6 deficiency reduces IL-22 production, likely due to diminished numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells within small-sized ILFs. The reduced IL-22 levels subsequently decrease the production of AMPs, suggesting a critical role for CCR6 in innate intestinal immunity. Finally, we found that CCR6 deficiency impairs the production of IgA and AMPs, leading to increased levels of Alcaligenes in PPs, and segmented filamentous bacteria in IECs. Thus, the CCR6-CCL20 axis plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal symbiosis by limiting the overgrowth of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Lin
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Peng Ip
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang Liao
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen J, Martindale JL, Cramer C, Gorospe M, Atasoy U, Drew PD, Yu S. The RNA-binding protein HuR contributes to neuroinflammation by promoting C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) expression on Th17 cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14532-14543. [PMID: 28684423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In both multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is critical for pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cell migration to the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas many cytokines and their receptors are potently regulated via post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to various stimuli, how CCR6 expression is post-transcriptionally regulated in Th17 cells is unknown. Here, using RNA-binding protein HuR conditional knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, we present evidence that HuR post-transcriptionally regulates CCR6 expression by binding to and stabilizing Ccr6 mRNA and by promoting CCR6 translation. We also found that HuR down-regulates several microRNA expressions, which could target the 3'-UTR of Ccr6 mRNA for decay. Accordingly, knock-out of HuR reduced CCR6 expression on Th17 cells and impaired their migration to CNS compared with the response of WT Th17 cells and thereby ameliorated EAE. Together, these findings highlight how HuR contributes to Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation and support the notion that targeting HuR might be a potential therapeutic intervention for managing autoimmune disorders of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- From the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467, .,the Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Carole Cramer
- From the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Ulus Atasoy
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Paul D Drew
- the Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Shiguang Yu
- the Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, .,the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McEvoy C, de Gaetano M, Giffney HE, Bahar B, Cummins EP, Brennan EP, Barry M, Belton O, Godson CG, Murphy EP, Crean D. NR4A Receptors Differentially Regulate NF-κB Signaling in Myeloid Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28167941 PMCID: PMC5256039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of inflammatory responses is a hallmark of multiple diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. As constitutively active transcription factors, NR4A nuclear receptors function to control the magnitude of inflammatory responses and in chronic inflammatory disease can be protective or pathogenic. Within this study, we demonstrate that TLR4 stimulation using the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly enhances NR4A1–3 expression in human and murine, primary and immortalized myeloid cells with concomitant gene transcription and protein secretion of MIP-3α, a central chemokine implicated in numerous pathologies. Deficiency of NR4A2 and NR4A3 in human and murine myeloid cells reveals that both receptors function as positive regulators of enhanced MIP-3α expression. In contrast, within the same cell types and conditions, altered NR4A activity leads to suppression of LPS-induced MCP-1 gene and protein expression. An equivalent pattern of inflammatory gene regulation is replicated in TNFα-treated myeloid cells. We show that NF-κB is the critical regulator of NR4A1–3, MIP-3α, and MCP-1 during TLR4 stimulation in myeloid cells and highlight a parallel mechanism whereby NR4A activity can repress or enhance NF-κB target gene expression simultaneously. Mechanistic insight reveals that NR4A2 does not require DNA-binding capacity in order to enhance or repress NF-κB target gene expression simultaneously and establishes a role for NF-κB family member Relb as a novel NR4A target gene involved in the positive regulation of MIP-3α. Thus, our data reveal a dynamic role for NR4A receptors concurrently enhancing and repressing NF-κB activity in myeloid cells leading to altered transcription of key inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona McEvoy
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh E Giffney
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Barry
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Catherine G Godson
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evelyn P Murphy
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Diabetes and Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giannarelli C, Rodriguez DT, Zafar MU, Christoffel D, Vialou V, Peña C, Badimon A, Hodes GF, Mury P, Rabkin J, Alique M, Villa G, Argmann C, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Badimon JJ. Susceptibility to chronic social stress increases plaque progression, vulnerability and platelet activation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:816-818. [PMID: 28078352 DOI: 10.1160/th16-10-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannarelli
- Chiara Giannarelli, MD, PhD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA, Tel.: +1 212 241 4984, Fax: +1 212 426 6962, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan J Badimon
- Juan J. Badimon, PhD, AtheroThrombosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA, Tel.: +1 212 241 8484, Fax: +1 212 426 6962, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Odukanmi OA, Salami AT, Koda K, Morakinyo OL, Olaleye SB. Trivalent Chromium Promotes Healing of Experimental Colitis in Mice by Suppression of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2017.58009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Singh TP, Zhang HH, Borek I, Wolf P, Hedrick MN, Singh SP, Kelsall BL, Clausen BE, Farber JM. Monocyte-derived inflammatory Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells mediate psoriasis-like inflammation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13581. [PMID: 27982014 PMCID: PMC5171657 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis but the roles for specific DC subsets are not well defined. Here we show that DCs are required for psoriasis-like changes in mouse skin induced by the local injection of IL-23. However, Flt3L-dependent DCs and resident Langerhans cells are dispensable for the inflammation. In epidermis and dermis, the critical DCs are TNF-producing and IL-1β-producing monocyte-derived DCs, including a population of inflammatory Langerhans cells. Depleting Ly6Chi blood monocytes reduces DC accumulation and the skin changes induced either by injecting IL-23 or by application of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod. Moreover, we find that IL-23-induced inflammation requires expression of CCR6 by DCs or their precursors, and that CCR6 mediates monocyte trafficking into inflamed skin. Collectively, our results imply that monocyte-derived cells are critical contributors to psoriasis through production of inflammatory cytokines that augment the activation of skin T cells.
Imiquimod exacerbates IL-23-induced skin inflammation and models psoriasis in mice. Here the authors show that this pathology is not dependent on resident dendritic cells, but on CCR6-induced immigration of monocyte-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Howard H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Izabela Borek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael N Hedrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bjorn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qun L, Wenda X, Weihong S, Jianyang M, Wei C, Fangzhou L, Zhenyao X, Pingjin G. miRNA-27b modulates endothelial cell angiogenesis by directly targeting Naa15 in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:184-192. [PMID: 27755984 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The CCL20/CCR6 axis has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we studied the miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of the CCL20/CCR6 axis in atherogenesis. METHODS CCR6+/+ApoE-/- and CCR6-/-ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. Plaque size was evaluated via ultrasound biomicroscope and hematoxylin and eosin. Protein expression were measured by Western blotting or immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry or ELISA, and gene mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Seven hundred and sixty miRNAs were screened via miRNA profiling. miRNA-27b target genes were predicted using software and verified with a dual luciferase reporter assay. The tube formation of mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) was performed on Matrigel. RESULTS In contrast to wild-type ApoE-/- mice, CCR6 deficiency led to a significantly decreased plaque size, CD31, CCR6, CCL20 expression and number of CCL20+ macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Stimulation of mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPPMs) resulted in increased IL-23 release. miRNA-27b was the most highly expressed (5.19-fold increase) miRNA among the 760 miRNAs screened in the vessel. Naa15 was verified as miRNA-27b target gene, which was diminished in the plaques. Transfection of siRNA Naa15 or miRNA-27b mimic into MAECs caused an increase tube formation. CONCLUSIONS CCR6 deletion effectively ameliorates atherosclerosis progression by reducing macrophage accumulation, resulting in reduced secretion of CCL20 and IL-23. Mechanistically, the decreased miRNA-27b regulates the activity of the CCL20/CCR6 axis by targeting Naa15, and promotes plaque stability in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xi Wenda
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sun Weihong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ma Jianyang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20001, China
| | - Cai Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lou Fangzhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xu Zhenyao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gao Pingjin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nandi B, Shapiro M, Samur MK, Pai C, Frank NY, Yoon C, Prabhala RH, Munshi NC, Gold JS. Stromal CCR6 drives tumor growth in a murine transplantable colon cancer through recruitment of tumor-promoting macrophages. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1189052. [PMID: 27622061 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1189052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the inflammatory chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 have been implicated in promoting colon cancer; however, the mechanisms behind this effect are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of CCR6 is associated with decreased tumor macrophage accumulation in a model of sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of stromal CCR6 expression in a murine syngeneic transplantable colon cancer model. We show that deficiency of host CCR6 is associated with decreased growth of syngeneic CCR6-expressing colon cancers. Colon cancers adoptively transplanted into CCR6-deficient mice have decreased tumor-associated macrophages without alterations in the number of monocytes in blood or bone marrow. CCL20, the unique ligand for CCR6, promotes migration of monocytes in vitro and promotes accumulation of macrophages in vivo. Depletion of tumor-associated macrophages decreases the growth of tumors in the transplantable tumor model. Macrophages infiltrating the colon cancers in this model secrete the inflammatory mediators CCL2, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNFα. Ccl2, Il1α and Il6 are consequently downregulated in tumors from CCR6-deficient mice. CCL2, IL-1α and IL-6 also promote proliferation of colon cancer cells, linking the decreased macrophage migration into tumors mediated by CCL20-CCR6 interactions to the delay in tumor growth in CCR6-deficient hosts. The relevance of these findings in human colon cancer is demonstrated through correlation of CCR6 expression with that of the macrophage marker CD163 as well as that of CCL2, IL1α and TNFα. Our findings support the exploration of targeting the CCL20-CCR6 pathway for the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bisweswar Nandi
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia Shapiro
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Pai
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System , West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Yoon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Jason S Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Surgery Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Butcher MJ, Wu CI, Waseem T, Galkina EV. CXCR6 regulates the recruitment of pro-inflammatory IL-17A-producing T cells into atherosclerotic aortas. Int Immunol 2015; 28:255-61. [PMID: 26614640 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and IL-17A(+) cells play a role in this disease. Although elevated number of CD4(+) IL-17A(+) (Th17) and IL-17A(+)TCRγδ(+) T cells are found within murine atherosclerotic aortas and human plaques, the mechanisms governing IL-17A(+) T-cell migration to atherosclerotic lesions are unclear. The chemokine receptor CXCR6 is expressed on several T-cell subsets and plays a pro-atherogenic role in atherosclerosis. Here, we used CXCR6-deficient (Cxcr6 (GFP/GFP) ) apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe (-/-) ) mice to investigate the involvement of CXCR6 in the recruitment IL-17A(+) T cells to atherosclerotic aortas. Flow cytometric analyses revealed reductions in Th17 and IL-17A(+)TCRγδ(+) T cells within aged Cxcr6 (GFP/GFP) Apoe (-/-) aortas, in comparison with age-matched Cxcr6 (GFP/+) Apoe (-/-) aortas. Although CXCR6-sufficient IL-17A(+) T cells efficiently migrated toward CXCL16, the migration of CXCR6-deficient IL-17A(+) T cells was abolished in transwell assays. Importantly, the recruitment of Cxcr6 (GFP/GFP) Apoe (-/-) IL-17A(+) T cells into the aortas of Apoe (-/-) recipients was markedly reduced in short-term adoptive transfer experiments. Altogether these results demonstrate an important role of CXCR6 in the regulation of pathological Th17 and IL-17A(+)TCRγδ(+) T-cell recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butcher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1969, USA
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1969, USA
| | - Tayab Waseem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1969, USA
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1969, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The immune reactions that regulate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation involve chemokines, lipid mediators and costimulatory molecules. Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate immune cell recruitment and control cell homeostasis and activation of different immune cell types and subsets. Chemokine production and activation of chemokine receptors form a positive feedback mechanism to recruit monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes into the atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, chemokine signalling affects immune cell mobilization from the bone marrow. Targeting several of the chemokines and/or chemokine receptors reduces experimental atherosclerosis, whereas specific chemokine pathways appear to be involved in plaque regression. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that are formed locally in atherosclerotic lesions from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes mediate immune cell recruitment and activation within the plaque as well as smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial dysfunction. Antileukotrienes decrease experimental atherosclerosis, and recent observational data suggest beneficial clinical effects of leukotriene receptor antagonism in cardiovascular disease prevention. By contrast, other lipid mediators, such as lipoxins and metabolites of omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with the resolution of inflammation. Costimulatory molecules play a central role in fine-tuning immunological reactions and mediate crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Targeting these interactions is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but immunological side effects are still a concern. In summary, targeting chemokines, leukotriene receptors and costimulatory molecules could represent potential therapeutic strategies to control atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salvianolic acid A suppresses CCL-20 expression in TNF-α-treated macrophages and ApoE-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:318-25. [PMID: 24853487 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The CC chemokine ligand-20 (CCL-20)/macrophage inflammatory protein-3α has been seen as one of the most important chemokines and played a key role in atherogenesis, but the mechanism that underlies the regulation of CCL-20 has not been established clearly yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on the expression of CCL-20 in macrophages and ApoE-deficient (ApoE) mice. METHODS The expression of CCL-20 was detected both at protein and messenger RNA levels in RAW264.7 cells. We validated the result in ApoE mice that were intraperitoneally injected with SAA. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was detected with Western blot, and inhibitor of p38 was used to investigate the mechanism of regulation of CCL-20. Hematoxylin and eosin and Oil-Red-O staining were used to evaluate the atherosclerotic lesions and lipid accumulation in ApoE mice. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expressions of CCL-20 and CCR6 in the atherosclerotic lesions. Immunofluorescent analysis was used to certify the origination of CCL-20. RESULTS Recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upregulated CCL-20 production in dose- and time-dependent manners in RAW264.7 cells. The activity of TNF-α-induced CCL-20 production seemed to be significantly suppressed by SAA. Using p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, we found that p38 mediated the effects of TNF-α- and SAA-induced CCL-20 expression changes. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of aortic root of ApoE mice also demonstrated that the expressions of CCL-20 and CCR6 were both downregulated significantly with SAA treatment. Furthermore, treatment of SAA inhibited the progression of the atherosclerotic plaques and lipid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TNF-α increased but SAA suppressed CCL-20 production significantly via a novel mechanism.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wan W, Liu Q, Lionakis MS, Marino APMP, Anderson SA, Swamydas M, Murphy PM. Atypical chemokine receptor 1 deficiency reduces atherogenesis in ApoE-knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:478-87. [PMID: 25858253 PMCID: PMC4447808 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Ackr1; previously known as the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines or Darc) is thought to regulate acute inflammatory responses in part by scavenging inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines; however, evidence for a role in chronic inflammation has been lacking. Here we investigated the role of Ackr1 in chronic inflammation, in particular in the setting of atherogenesis, using the apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Ackr1(-/-)ApoE(-/-) and Ackr1(+/+)ApoE(-/-) littermates were obtained by crossing ApoE(-/-) mice and Ackr1(-/-) mice on a C57BL/6J background. Ackr1 (+/+)ApoE(-/-)mice fed a Western diet up-regulated Ackr1 expression in the aorta and had markedly increased atherosclerotic lesion size compared with Ackr1(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice. This difference was observed in both the whole aorta and the aortic root in both early and late stages of the model. Ackr1 deficiency did not affect serum cholesterol levels or macrophage, collagen or smooth muscle cell content in atherosclerotic plaques, but significantly reduced the expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl1 in the whole aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice. In addition, Ackr1 deficiency resulted in a modest decrease in T cell subset frequency and inflammatory mononuclear phagocyte content in aorta and blood in the model. CONCLUSIONS Ackr1 deficiency appears to be protective in the ApoE knockout model of atherogenesis, but it is associated with only modest changes in cytokine and chemokine expression as well as T-cell subset frequency and inflammatory macrophage content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Wan
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Paula M P Marino
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stasia A Anderson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Animal MRI Core, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cytokines in atherosclerosis: Key players in all stages of disease and promising therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:673-85. [PMID: 26005197 PMCID: PMC4671520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arteries, is responsible for most deaths in westernized societies with numbers increasing at a marked rate in developing countries. The disease is initiated by the activation of the endothelium by various risk factors leading to chemokine-mediated recruitment of immune cells. The uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages along with defective cholesterol efflux gives rise to foam cells associated with the fatty streak in the early phase of the disease. As the disease progresses, complex fibrotic plaques are produced as a result of lysis of foam cells, migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and continued inflammatory response. Such plaques are stabilized by the extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and destabilized by matrix metalloproteinase from macrophages. Rupture of unstable plaques and subsequent thrombosis leads to clinical complications such as myocardial infarction. Cytokines are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis and have a profound influence on the pathogenesis of this disease. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles of different cytokines in atherosclerosis together with therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating their actions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Roles of the chemokine system in development of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:181450. [PMID: 24741577 PMCID: PMC3987870 DOI: 10.1155/2014/181450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating epidemic of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-induced complications to historically high levels. Adipose tissue is a dynamic energy depot, which stores energy and mobilizes it during nutrient deficiency. Excess nutrient intake resulting in adipose tissue expansion triggers lipid release and aberrant adipokine, cytokine and chemokine production, and signaling that ultimately lead to adipose tissue inflammation, a hallmark of obesity. This low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to link obesity to insulin resistance and the associated comorbidities of metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, which increase risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on and discuss members of the chemokine system for which there is clear evidence of participation in the development of obesity and obesity-induced pathologies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Chemokines play important roles in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Expressed by not only cells of the vessel wall but also emigrated leukocytes, chemokines were initially discovered to direct leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, chemokines can also exert multiple functions beyond cell recruitment. Here, we discuss novel and recently emerging aspects of chemokines and their involvement in atherosclerosis. While reviewing newly identified roles of chemokines and their receptors in monocyte and neutrophil recruitment during atherogenesis and atheroregression, we also revisit homeostatic functions of chemokines, including their roles in cell homeostasis and foam cell formation. The functional diversity of chemokines in atherosclerosis warrants a clear-cut mechanistic dissection and stage-specific assessment to better appreciate the full scope of their actions in vascular inflammation and to identify pathways that harbor the potential for a therapeutic targeting of chemokines in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany (A.Z.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.Z., C.W.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fredman
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology (M.S.), Diabetes and Obesity Center (M.S.), and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.S.), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (G.F.)
| | - Matthew Spite
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology (M.S.), Diabetes and Obesity Center (M.S.), and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.S.), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recent Developments in Cardiovascular Genetics. Circ Res 2013; 113:e88-91. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Manthey HD, Cochain C, Barnsteiner S, Karshovska E, Pelisek J, Koch M, Chaudhari SM, Busch M, Eckstein HH, Weber C, Koenen RR, Zernecke A. CCR6 selectively promotes monocyte mediated inflammation and atherogenesis in mice. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:1267-77. [PMID: 24114205 DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed by various cell subsets implicated in atherogenesis, such as monocytes, Th17 and regulatory T cells. In order to further define the role of CCR6 in atherosclerosis, CCR6-deficient (Ccr6-/-) mice were crossed with low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice to generate atherosclerosis-prone mice deficient in CCR6. Compared to Ldlr-/- controls, atherosclerotic burden in the aortic sinus and aorta were reduced in Ccr6-/-Ldlr-/- mice fed a high fat diet, associated with a profound depression in lesional macrophage accumulation. Local and systemic distributions of T cells, including frequencies of Th1, Th17 and regulatory T cells were unaltered. In contrast, circulating counts of both Gr-1(high) and Gr1(low) monocytes were reduced in Ccr6-/-Ldlr-/- mice. Moreover, CCR6 was revealed to promote monocyte adhesion to inflamed endothelium in vitro and leukocyte adhesion to carotid arteries in vivo. Finally, CCR6 selectively recruited monocytes but not T cells in an acute inflammatory air pouch model. We here show that CCR6 functions on multiple levels and regulates the mobilisation, adhesion and recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to the inflamed vessel, thereby promoting atherosclerosis, but is dispensable for hypercholesterolaemia-associated adaptive immune priming. Targeting CCR6 or its ligand CCL20 may therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helga D Manthey
- Univ.-Prof. Dr. Alma Zernecke, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany, Tel: +49 89 4140 2167, Fax: +49 89 4140 4861, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li Q, Laumonnier Y, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Recruitment of CCR6-expressing Th17 cells by CCL20 secreted from plasmin-stimulated macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:593-600. [PMID: 23681234 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, monocyte-derived human macrophages were differentiated from buffy coats. Naïve CD4⁺ T-cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using anti-CD4 magnetic beads and the autoMACS separation system were polarized under T-helper 17 (Th17)-promoting conditions for 6 days to get Th17 cells. The frequency of Th17 cell differentiation and the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) on Th17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Plasmin-triggered induction of macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha/C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) genes in macrophages was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and secreted protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Th17 cell migration induced by CCL20 secreted from plasmin-stimulated macrophages was tested in vitro by chemotaxis using a transwell system. These results demonstrate that plasmin triggers the expression of chemokine CCL20 messenger RNA and the release of CCL20 protein in human monocyte-derived macrophages, which critically depend on the proteolytic activity of plasmin and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. Expression of CCR6 was detected on 87.23 ± 8.6% of Th17 cells in vitro. Similar to chemotaxis triggered by recombinant human CCL20, supernatants collected from plasmin-stimulated macrophage-induced chemotactic migration of Th17 cells, which could be inhibited by an anti-CCL20 neutralizing antibody. These results suggest that plasmin generated in inflamed tissues might elicit production of chemokine CCL20 by human macrophages leading to the recruitment of CCR6 positive Th17 cells to the inflammatory sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Joint Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
White GE, Iqbal AJ, Greaves DR. CC chemokine receptors and chronic inflammation--therapeutic opportunities and pharmacological challenges. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:47-89. [PMID: 23300131 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins with an essential role in leukocyte trafficking during both homeostasis and inflammation. The CC class of chemokines consists of at least 28 members (CCL1-28) that signal through 10 known chemokine receptors (CCR1-10). CC chemokine receptors are expressed predominantly by T cells and monocyte-macrophages, cell types associated predominantly with chronic inflammation occurring over weeks or years. Chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome are characterized by continued leukocyte infiltration into the inflammatory site, driven in large part by excessive chemokine production. Over years or decades, persistent inflammation may lead to loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability or, in the case of atherosclerosis, fatal outcomes such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Despite the existence of several clinical strategies for targeting chronic inflammation, these diseases remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with a concomitant economic impact. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease continues to be a priority. In this review we introduce CC chemokine receptors as critical mediators of chronic inflammatory responses and explore their potential role as pharmacological targets. We discuss functions of individual CC chemokine receptors based on in vitro pharmacological data as well as transgenic animal studies. Focusing on three key forms of chronic inflammation--rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome--we describe the pathologic function of CC chemokine receptors and their possible relevance as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E White
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Regulation of atherogenesis by chemokines and chemokine receptors. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 61:1-14. [PMID: 23224338 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and metabolic disorder affecting large- and medium-sized arteries, and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves accumulation of lipids and leukocytes in the intima of blood vessel walls creating plaque. How leukocytes accumulate in plaque remains poorly understood; however, chemokines acting at specific G protein-coupled receptors appear to be important. Studies using knockout mice suggest that chemokine receptor signaling may either promote or inhibit atherogenesis, depending on the receptor. These proof of concept studies have spurred efforts to develop drugs targeting the chemokine system in atherosclerosis, and several have shown beneficial effects in animal models. This study will review key discoveries in basic and translational research in this area.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wan W, Lionakis MS, Liu Q, Roffê E, Murphy PM. Genetic deletion of chemokine receptor Ccr7 exacerbates atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [PMID: 23180724 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests that both Ccr7 and its ligands, Ccl19 and Ccl21, are present in mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques; however, the role of Ccr7 in atherogenesis is still controversial. Here, we addressed this question by using the classic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) double knockout mice and Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) littermates were generated and maintained on a high-fat Western diet for 8 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice showed an ~80% increase in atherosclerotic lesion size in the whole aorta and a two-fold increase in the aortic root compared with Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice. Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice had increased T cells in the blood, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as in atherosclerotic lesions. Competitive repopulation experiments revealed that T cells from Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice migrated poorly into lymph nodes but better into mouse aortas compared with T cells from Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice. Transplantation of the bone marrow from Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice into lethally irradiated Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice resulted in ~60% more atherosclerotic lesions compared with Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) donor bone marrow, suggesting that exacerbation was mediated by a Ccr7(+) bone marrow-derived cell(s). Furthermore, in Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice the serum level of IL-12 was markedly increased, whereas the level of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was significantly decreased, suggesting an imbalance of T cell responses in these mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic deletion of Ccr7 exacerbates atherosclerosis by increasing T cell accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 10, Rm11N113, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang W, Lee Y, Lee CH. Review: the physiological and computational approaches for atherosclerosis treatment. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:1664-76. [PMID: 23103138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease has long been an issue that causes severe loss in population, especially those conditions associated with arterial malfunction, being attributable to atherosclerosis and subsequent thrombotic formation. This article reviews the physiological mechanisms that underline the transition from plaque formation in atherosclerotic process to platelet aggregation and eventually thrombosis. The physiological and computational approaches, such as percutaneous coronary intervention and stent design modeling, to detect, evaluate and mitigate this malicious progression were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lipinski MJ, Campbell KA, Duong SQ, Welch TJ, Garmey JC, Doran AC, Skaflen MD, Oldham SN, Kelly KA, McNamara CA. Loss of Id3 increases VCAM-1 expression, macrophage accumulation, and atherogenesis in Ldlr-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2855-61. [PMID: 23042815 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibitor of differention-3 (Id3) promotes B cells homing to the aorta and atheroprotection in Apoe(-/-) mice. We sought to determine the impact of loss of Id3 in the Ldlr((-/-)) mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis and identify novel Id3 targets in the vessel wall. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo optical imaging confirmed that Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice have significantly fewer aortic B cells than Id3((+/+)) Ldlr(-/-) mice. After 8 and 16 weeks of Western diet, Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice developed significantly more atherosclerosis than Id3((+/+)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice, with Id3(+/-) Ldlr(-/-) mice demonstrating an intermediate phenotype. There were no differences in serum lipid levels between genotypes. Immunostaining demonstrated that aortas from Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice had greater intimal macrophage density and C-C chemokine ligand 20 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression compared with Id3((+/+)) Ldlr(-/-) mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated increased VCAM-1 mRNA levels in the aortas of Id3(-/-) Ldlr(-/-) mice. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells from Id3((-/-)) mice expressed greater amounts of VCAM-1 protein compared with control. Gain and loss of function studies in primary vascular smooth muscle cells identified a role for Id3 in repressing VCAM-1 promoter activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated interaction of E12 with the VCAM-1 promoter, which is inhibited by Id3. CONCLUSIONS Id3 is an atheroprotective transcription regulator with targets in both B cells and vessel wall cells leading to reduced macrophage accumulation and reduced atherosclerosis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lipinski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Alexander MR, Murgai M, Moehle CW, Owens GK. Interleukin-1β modulates smooth muscle cell phenotype to a distinct inflammatory state relative to PDGF-DD via NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:417-29. [PMID: 22318995 PMCID: PMC3339851 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00160.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation in atherosclerosis and in response to PDGF in vitro involves repression of differentiation marker genes and increases in SMC proliferation, migration, and matrix synthesis. However, SMCs within atherosclerotic plaques can also express a number of proinflammatory genes, and in cultured SMCs the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β represses SMC marker gene expression and induces inflammatory gene expression. Studies herein tested the hypothesis that IL-1β modulates SMC phenotype to a distinct inflammatory state relative to PDGF-DD. Genome-wide gene expression analysis of IL-1β- or PDGF-DD-treated SMCs revealed that although both stimuli repressed SMC differentiation marker gene expression, IL-1β distinctly induced expression of proinflammatory genes, while PDGF-DD primarily induced genes involved in cell proliferation. Promoters of inflammatory genes distinctly induced by IL-1β exhibited over-representation of NF-κB binding sites, and NF-κB inhibition in SMCs reduced IL-1β-induced upregulation of proinflammatory genes as well as repression of SMC differentiation marker genes. Interestingly, PDGF-DD-induced SMC marker gene repression was not NF-κB dependent. Finally, immunofluorescent staining of mouse atherosclerotic lesions revealed the presence of cells positive for the marker of an IL-1β-stimulated inflammatory SMC, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20), but not the PDGF-DD-induced gene, regulator of G protein signaling 17 (RGS17). Results demonstrate that IL-1β- but not PDGF-DD-induced phenotypic modulation of SMC is characterized by NF-κB-dependent activation of proinflammatory genes, suggesting the existence of a distinct inflammatory SMC phenotype. In addition, studies provide evidence for the possible utility of CCL20 and RGS17 as markers of inflammatory and proliferative state SMCs within atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Alexander
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Calvayrac O, Rodríguez-Calvo R, Alonso J, Orbe J, Martín-Ventura JL, Guadall A, Gentile M, Juan-Babot O, Egido J, Beloqui O, Paramo JA, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. CCL20 is increased in hypercholesterolemic subjects and is upregulated by LDL in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of NF-κB. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2733-41. [PMID: 21852561 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.235721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the regulation of CC Chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) by LDL in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS AND RESULTS In asymptomatic subjects, circulating CCL20 levels were higher in patients with hypercholesterolemia (18.5±3.2 versus 9.1±1.3 pg/mL; P<0.01). LDL induced the expression of CCL20 in VSMC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Increased levels of CCL20 secreted by LDL-treated VSMC significantly induced human lymphocyte migration, an effect reduced by CCL20 silencing. The upregulation of CCL20 by LDL was dependent on the activation of kinase signaling pathways and NF-κB. By site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified a NF-κB site (-80/-71) in CCL20 promoter critical for LDL responsiveness. Lysophosphatidic acid mimicked the upregulation of CCL20 induced by LDL, and minimal oxidation of LDL increased the ability of LDL to induce CCL20 through a mechanism that involves lysophosphatidic acid receptors. CCL20 was overexpressed in atherosclerotic lesions from coronary artery patients, colocalizing with VSMC. CCL20 was detected in conditioned media from healthy human aorta and its levels were significantly higher in secretomes from carotid endarterectomy specimens. CONCLUSION This study identifies CCL20 in atherosclerotic lesions and recognizes this chemokine as a mediator highly sensitive to the inflammatory response elicited by LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Calvayrac
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Koenen RR, Weber C. Chemokines: established and novel targets in atherosclerosis. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:713-25. [PMID: 22038924 PMCID: PMC3377113 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In their role as small chemotactic cytokines, chemokines are crucial mediators and regulators of leukocyte trafficking during immune surveillance and inflammation. Their involvement in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases has been subject of intense investigation. Concordantly, the chemokine system has been explored in search for therapeutic targets to prevent or treat inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Targeting the chemokine system offers various entry points for a causative treatment of this widespread and chronic illness. Although this approach has encountered some setbacks, several innovative compounds are currently in an advanced stage of development. In this review, the current standing of this dynamic field is highlighted and the potential advantages and drawbacks of particular strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory R Koenen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Doran AC, Lipinski MJ, Oldham SN, Garmey JC, Campbell KA, Skaflen MD, Cutchins A, Lee DJ, Glover DK, Kelly KA, Galkina EV, Ley K, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Bender TP, McNamara CA. B-cell aortic homing and atheroprotection depend on Id3. Circ Res 2011; 110:e1-12. [PMID: 22034493 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.256438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE B cells are abundant in the adventitia of normal and diseased vessels. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating homing of B cells to the vessel wall and B-cell effects on atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Inhibitor of differentiation-3 (Id3) is important for atheroprotection in mice and polymorphism in the human ID3 gene has been implicated as a potential risk marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Yet, the role of Id3 in B-cell regulation of atherosclerosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if Id3 regulates B-cell homing to the aorta and atheroprotection and identify molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Loss of Id3 in Apoe(-/-) mice resulted in early and increased atherosclerosis. Flow cytometry revealed a defect in Id3(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice in the number of B cells in the aorta but not the spleen, lymph nodes, and circulation. Similarly, B cells transferred from Id3(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice into B-cell-deficient mice reconstituted spleen, lymph node, and blood similarly to B cells from Id3(+/+) Apoe(-/-) mice, but aortic reconstitution and B-cell-mediated inhibition of diet-induced atherosclerosis was significantly impaired. In addition to retarding initiation of atherosclerosis, B cells homed to regions of existing atherosclerosis, reduced macrophage content in plaque, and attenuated progression of disease. The chemokine receptor CCR6 was identified as an important Id3 target mediating aortic homing and atheroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results are the first to identify the Id3-CCR6 pathway in B cells and demonstrate its role in aortic B-cell homing and B-cell-mediated protection from early atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Doran
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801394, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular pathology characterized in part by accumulation of innate and adaptive inflammatory cells in arterial plaque. Molecular mediators responsible for inflammatory cell accumulation in plaque include specific members of the chemokine family of leukocyte chemoattractants and their G protein-coupled receptors. Studies using the ApoE knockout mouse model have recently implicated chemokine receptor Ccr6 and its ligand Ccl20 as a nonredundant ligand-receptor pair in atherosclerosis, potentially operating at several stages of cell recruitment and on several leukocyte subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|