1
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Zubkova E, Dergilev K, Beloglazova I, Kalinin A, Guseva A, Andreev A, Partigulov S, Lepilin M, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Paracrine Responses of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells to Cytokines and TLR Ligands: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17278. [PMID: 38139105 PMCID: PMC10743612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. The effectiveness of transplanted CDCs is largely attributed to their ability to release beneficial soluble factors to enhance therapeutic effects. An emerging area of research is the pretreatment of stem cells, including CDCs, with various cytokines to improve their therapeutic properties. This strategy aims to enhance their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and paracrine activities after transplantation. In our study, we investigated the differential effects of various cytokines and TLR ligands on the secretory phenotype of human CDCs. Using a magnetic bead-based immunoassay, we analyzed the CDCs-conditioned media for 41 cytokines and growth factors and detected the presence of 21 cytokines. We found that CDC incubation with lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, and the cytokine combination of TNF/IFN significantly increased the secretion of most of the cytokines detected. Specifically, we observed an increased secretion and gene expression of IP10, MCP3, IL8, and VEGFA. In contrast, the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and TGF-beta had minimal effects on CDC cytokine secretion. Additionally, TNF/IFN, but not LPS, enhanced ICAM1 expression. Our findings offer new insights into the role of cytokines in potentially modulating the biology and regenerative potential of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zubkova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Konstantin Dergilev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexander Kalinin
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alika Guseva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexander Andreev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Stanislav Partigulov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mikhail Lepilin
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
- The Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Bryl R, Nawrocki MJ, Jopek K, Kaczmarek M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Regulating the Stemness in Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1223. [PMID: 37372403 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major cause of death worldwide. There is a need to establish new management options as current treatment is frequently suboptimal. Clinical approaches based on autologous stem cell transplant is potentially a good alternative. The heart was long considered an organ unable to regenerate and renew. However, several reports imply that it may possess modest intrinsic regenerative potential. To allow for detailed characterization of cell cultures, whole transcriptome profiling was performed after 0, 7, 15, and 30 days of in vitro cell cultures (IVC) from the right atrial appendage and right atrial wall utilizing microarray technology. In total, 4239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ratio > abs |2| and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 for the right atrial wall and 4662 DEGs for the right atrial appendage were identified. It was shown that a subset of DEGs, which have demonstrated some regulation of expression levels with the duration of the cell culture, were enriched in the following GO BP (Gene Ontology Biological Process) terms: "stem cell population maintenance" and "stem cell proliferation". The results were validated by RT-qPCR. The establishment and detailed characterization of in vitro culture of myocardial cells may be important for future applications of these cells in heart regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Dierick F, Solinc J, Bignard J, Soubrier F, Nadaud S. Progenitor/Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling during Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061338. [PMID: 34071347 PMCID: PMC8226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by an important occlusive vascular remodeling with the production of new endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. Identifying the cellular processes leading to vascular proliferation and dysfunction is a major goal in order to decipher the mechanisms leading to PAH development. In addition to in situ proliferation of vascular cells, studies from the past 20 years have unveiled the role of circulating and resident vascular in pulmonary vascular remodeling. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the different progenitor and stem cells that have been shown to participate in pulmonary vascular lesions and on the pathways regulating their recruitment during PAH. Finally, this review also addresses the therapeutic potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Dierick
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Julien Solinc
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Juliette Bignard
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Yellamilli A, Ren Y, McElmurry RT, Lambert JP, Gross P, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Elrod JW, Tolar J, Garry DJ, van Berlo JH. Abcg2-expressing side population cells contribute to cardiomyocyte renewal through fusion. FASEB J 2020; 34:5642-5657. [PMID: 32100368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, identification of endogenous cells and mechanisms that contribute to cardiac regeneration is essential for the development of targeted therapies. The side population (SP) phenotype has been used to enrich for stem cells throughout the body; however, SP cells isolated from the heart have been studied exclusively in cell culture or after transplantation, limiting our understanding of their function in vivo. We generated a new Abcg2-driven lineage-tracing mouse model with efficient labeling of SP cells. Labeled SP cells give rise to terminally differentiated cells in bone marrow and intestines. In the heart, labeled SP cells give rise to lineage-traced cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions with an increase in this contribution following cardiac injury. Instead of differentiating into cardiomyocytes like proposed cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac SP cells fuse with preexisting cardiomyocytes to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Our study is the first to show that fusion between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, identified by the SP phenotype, contribute to endogenous cardiac regeneration by triggering cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry in the adult mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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5
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Cardioprotective mechanisms of salvianic acid A sodium in rats with myocardial infarction based on proteome and transcriptome analysis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1513-1522. [PMID: 31253938 PMCID: PMC7468552 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) cause great morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating effective treatment. Salvianic acid A sodium (SAAS) is an active compound derived from the well-known herbal medicine Danshen, which has been widely used for clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. This study aimed to confirm the cardioprotective effects of SAAS in rats with myocardial infarction and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms based on proteome and transcriptome profiling of myocardial tissue. The results showed that SAAS effectively protected against myocardial injury and improved cardiac function. The differentially expressed proteins and genes included important structural molecules, receptors, transcription factors, and cofactors. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that SAAS participated in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, phagosome, focal adhesion, tight junction, apoptosis, MAPK signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, which are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. SAAS may exert its cardioprotective effect by targeting multiple pathways at both the proteome and transcriptome levels. This study has provided not only new insights into the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction but also a road map of the cardioprotective molecular mechanisms of SAAS, which may provide pharmacological evidence to aid in its clinical application.
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6
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Gorabi AM, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Regulation of cardiac stem cells by microRNAs: State-of-the-art. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109447. [PMID: 31580971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have a therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. In cases without sufficient response to conventional drug treatments, stem cells represent a next generation therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs), among a wide variety of stem cell sources, have been identified as a valid option for stem cell-based therapy in cardiovascular diseases. CSCs mainly act as a cell source to supply the physiological need for cardiovascular cells. However, they have been demonstrated to reproduce the myocardial cells under pathological settings. Despite their roles and functions have somewhat been clarified, molecular pathways underlying the regulatory mechanisms of CSCs are still not fully elucidated. Several studies have recently shown that different microRNAs (miRNAs) play a substantial role in regulating and controlling both the physiological and pathological proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and may undergo aberrant expression levels during pathological conditions. Understanding the way through which miRNAs regulate CSC behavior may open up new horizons in modulating these cells in vitro to devise sophisticated approaches for treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this review article, we tried to discuss available evidence about the role of miRNAs in regulating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Oldershaw R, Owens WA, Sutherland R, Linney M, Liddle R, Magana L, Lash GE, Gill JH, Richardson G, Meeson A. Human Cardiac-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells, a Novel Cell Population with Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:593-607. [PMID: 30803370 PMCID: PMC6486668 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem/progenitors are being used in the clinic to treat patients with a range of cardiac pathologies. However, improvements in heart function following treatment have been reported to be variable, with some showing no response. This discrepancy in response remains unresolved. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a regenerative tool as these cells display both immunomodulatory and proregenerative activities. The purpose of this study was to derive a cardiac MSC population to provide an alternative/support to current therapies. We derived human cardiac-mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (CMSCLC), so named as they share some MSC characteristics. However, CMSCLC lack the MSC trilineage differentiation capacity, being capable of only rare adipogenic differentiation and demonstrating low/no osteogenic or chondrogenic potential, a phenotype that may have advantages following transplantation. Furthermore, CMSCLC expressed low levels of p16, high levels of MHCI, and low levels of MHCII. A lack of senescent cells would also be advantageous for cells to be used therapeutically, as would the ability to modulate the immune response. Crucially, CMSCLC display a transcriptional profile that includes genes associated with cardioprotective/cardiobeneficial effects. CMSCLC are also secretory and multipotent, giving rise to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Our findings support CMSCLC as a novel cell population suitable for use for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Oldershaw
- 1 Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W Andrew Owens
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Linney
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Liddle
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lissette Magana
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- 4 Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason H Gill
- 5 The Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Richardson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Meeson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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Wang YL, Zhang G, Wang HJ, Tan YZ, Wang XY. Preinduction with bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances cardiomyogenic differentiation of c-kit + mesenchymal stem cells and repair of infarcted myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2019; 265:173-180. [PMID: 29885685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical trails show that c-kit+ cardiac stem cells can differentiate towards cardiovascular cells and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, survival and differentiation of the engrafted stem cells within ischemic and inflammatory microenvironment are poor. METHODS c-Kit+ cells were isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rat bone marrow. Reliability of preinduction with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in promotion of survival and differentiation of c-kit+ MSCs was assessed in vitro and after transplantation. RESULTS c-Kit+ MSCs have a potential to differentiate towards cardiomyocytes. BMP-2 promotes proliferation, migration and paracrine of the cells, and protects the cells to survive in the hypoxic condition. After induction with 10 ng/mL BMP-2 for 24 h, the cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes at four weeks. The electrophysiological characteristics of the differentiated cells are same as adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. In rat MI models, cardiac function was improved, the size of scar tissue was reduced, and regeneration of the myocardium and microvessels was enhanced significantly at four weeks after transplantation of BMP-2-preinduced cells. The survived cells and cardiomyocytes differentiated from the engrafted cells were increased greatly. CONCLUSION The results suggest that transient treatment with BMP-2 can induce c-kit+ MSCs to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes. Preinduction with BMP-2 enhances survival and differentiation of the cells. BMP-2-primed cells promote repair of the infarcted myocardium and improvement of cardiac function. Transplantation of BMP-2-preinduced c-kit+ MSCs is a feasible strategy for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guitao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Zhen Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin-Yan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Scalise M, Marino F, Cianflone E, Mancuso T, Marotta P, Aquila I, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:141-178. [PMID: 31487023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac biology and heart regeneration have been intensively investigated and debated in the last 15 years. Nowadays, the well-established and old dogma that the adult heart lacks of any myocyte-regenerative capacity has been firmly overturned by the evidence of cardiomyocyte renewal throughout the mammalian life as part of normal organ cell homeostasis, which is increased in response to injury. Concurrently, reproducible evidences from independent laboratories have convincingly shown that the adult heart possesses a pool of multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs or CPCs) capable of sustaining cardiomyocyte and vascular tissue refreshment after injury. CSC transplantation in animal models displays an effective regenerative potential and may be helpful to treat chronic heart failure (CHF), obviating at the poor/modest results using non-cardiac cells in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the degree/significance of cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart, which is insufficient to regenerate extensive damage from ischemic and non-ischemic origin, remains strongly disputed. Concurrently, different methodologies used to detect CSCs in situ have created the paradox of the adult heart harboring more than seven different cardiac progenitor populations. The latter was likely secondary to the intrinsic heterogeneity of any regenerative cell agent in an adult tissue but also to the confusion created by the heterogeneity of the cell population identified by a single cell marker used to detect the CSCs in situ. On the other hand, some recent studies using genetic fate mapping strategies claimed that CSCs are an irrelevant endogenous source of new cardiomyocytes in the adult. On the basis of these contradictory findings, here we critically reviewed the available data on adult CSC biology and their role in myocardial cell homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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10
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Insights from molecular signature of in vivo cardiac c-Kit(+) cells following cardiac injury and β-catenin inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:64-74. [PMID: 30171847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There is much interest over resident c-Kit(+) cells in tissue regeneration. Their role in cardiac regeneration has been controversial. In this study we aim to understand the in vivo behavior of cardiac c-Kit(+) cells at baseline and after myocardial infarction and in response to Sfrp2. This approach can accurately study the in vivo transcript expressions of these cells in temporal response to injury and overcomes the limitations of the in vitro approach. RNA-seq was performed with c-Kit(+) cells and cardiomyocytes from healthy non-injured mice as well as c-Kit(+) cells from 1 day post-MI and 12 days post-MI mice. When compared to in vivo c-Kit(+) cells isolated from a healthy non-injured mouse heart, cardiomyocytes were enriched in transcripts that express anion channels, cation channels, developmental/differentiation pathway components, as well as proteins that inhibit canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Myocardial infarction (MI) induced in vivo c-Kit(+) cells to transiently adopt the cardiomyocyte-specific signature: expression of a number of cardiomyocyte-specific transcripts was maximal 1 day post-MI and declined by 12 days post-MI. We next studied the effect of β-catenin inhibition on in vivo c-Kit(+) cells by administering the Wnt inhibitor Sfrp2 into the infarct border zone. Sfrp2 both enhanced and sustained cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression in the in vivo c-Kit(+) cells: expression of cardiomyocyte-specific transcripts was higher and there was no decline in expression by 12 days post-MI. Further analysis of the biology of c-Kit(+) cells identified that culture induced a significant and irreversible change in their molecular signature raising questions about reliability of in vitro studies. Our findings provide evidence that MI induces in vivo c-Kit(+) cells to adopt transiently a cardiomyocyte-specific pattern of gene expression, and Sfrp2 further enhances and induces sustained gene expression. Our approach is important for understanding c-Kit(+) cells in cardiac regeneration and also has broad implications in the investigation of in vivo resident stem cells in other areas of tissue regeneration.
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11
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Paoletti C, Divieto C, Chiono V. Impact of Biomaterials on Differentiation and Reprogramming Approaches for the Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2018; 7:E114. [PMID: 30134618 PMCID: PMC6162411 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) represents one major barrier to heart regeneration and functional recovery. The combination of different cell sources and different biomaterials have been investigated to generate CMs by differentiation or reprogramming approaches although at low efficiency. This critical review article discusses the role of biomaterial platforms integrating biochemical instructive cues as a tool for the effective generation of functional CMs. The report firstly introduces MI and the main cardiac regenerative medicine strategies under investigation. Then, it describes the main stem cell populations and indirect and direct reprogramming approaches for cardiac regenerative medicine. A third section discusses the main techniques for the characterization of stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Another section describes the main biomaterials investigated for stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Finally, a critical analysis of the scientific literature is presented for an efficient generation of functional CMs. The authors underline the need for biomimetic, reproducible and scalable biomaterial platforms and their integration with external physical stimuli in controlled culture microenvironments for the generation of functional CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Carla Divieto
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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12
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Cianflone E, Aquila I, Scalise M, Marotta P, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Molecular basis of functional myogenic specification of Bona Fide multipotent adult cardiac stem cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:927-946. [PMID: 29862928 PMCID: PMC6103696 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the developed world's number one killer. The improved survival from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the progressive aging of western population brought to an increased incidence of chronic Heart Failure (HF), which assumed epidemic proportions nowadays. Except for heart transplantation, all treatments for HF should be considered palliative because none of the current therapies can reverse myocardial degeneration responsible for HF syndrome. To stop the HF epidemic will ultimately require protocols to reduce the progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and to foster their regeneration. It is now generally accepted that mammalian CMs renew throughout life. However, this endogenous regenerative reservoir is insufficient to repair the extensive damage produced by AMI/IHD while the source and degree of CM turnover remains strongly disputed. Independent groups have convincingly shown that the adult myocardium harbors bona-fide tissue specific cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, recent reports have challenged the identity and the endogenous myogenic capacity of the c-kit expressing CSCs. This has hampered progress and unless this conflict is settled, clinical tests of repair/regenerative protocols are unlikely to provide convincing answers about their clinical potential. Here we review recent data that have eventually clarified the specific phenotypic identity of true multipotent CSCs. These cells when coaxed by embryonic cardiac morphogens undergo a precisely orchestrated myogenic commitment process robustly generating bona-fide functional cardiomyocytes. These data should set the path for the revival of further investigation untangling the regenerative biology of adult CSCs to harness their potential for HF prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania Campus “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa- Loc. Germaneto “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Walravens AS, Vanhaverbeke M, Ottaviani L, Gillijns H, Trenson S, Driessche NV, Luttun A, Meyns B, Herijgers P, Rega F, Heying R, Sampaolesi M, Janssens S. Molecular signature of progenitor cells isolated from young and adult human hearts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9266. [PMID: 29915261 PMCID: PMC6006291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of endogenous cardiac regenerative capacity within the first week of postnatal life has intensified clinical trials to induce cardiac regeneration in the adult mammalian heart using different progenitor cell types. We hypothesized that donor age-related phenotypic and functional characteristics of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) account for mixed results of cell-based cardiac repair. We compared expression profiles and cell turnover rates of human heart-derived c-kitpos progenitors (c-kitpos CPC) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC) from young and adult donor origin and studied their in vitro angiogenic and cardiac differentiation potential, which can be relevant for cardiac repair. We report that 3-dimensional CDC expansion recapitulates a conducive environment for growth factor and cytokine release from adult donor cells (aCDC) that optimally supports vascular tube formation and vessel sprouting. Transdifferentiation capacity of c-kitpos CPCs and CDCs towards cardiomyocyte-like cells was modest, however, most notable in young c-kitpos cells and adult CDCs. Progenitors isolated with different methods thus show cell- and donor-specific characteristics that may account for variable contributions in functional myocardial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Gillijns
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Aernout Luttun
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Meyns
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rega
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Heying
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Sommariva E, Stadiotti I, Perrucci GL, Tondo C, Pompilio G. Cell models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: advances and opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:823-835. [PMID: 28679668 PMCID: PMC5536909 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare genetic disease that is mostly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It is associated predominantly with mutations in desmosomal genes and is characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits, arrhythmias and a high risk of sudden death. In vitro studies have contributed to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disease, including its genetic determinants, as well as its cellular, signaling and molecular defects. Here, we review what is currently known about the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and focus on the in vitro models that have advanced our understanding of the disease. Finally, we assess the potential of established and innovative cell platforms for elucidating unknown aspects of this disease, and for screening new potential therapeutic agents. This appraisal of in vitro models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy highlights the discoveries made about this disease and the uses of these models for future basic and therapeutic research. Summary:In vitro models of ACM provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of this disease. This reappraisal offers a comprehensive vision of past discoveries and constitutes a tool for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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15
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Zhong J, Wang S, Shen WB, Kaushal S, Yang P. The current status and future of cardiac stem/progenitor cell therapy for congenital heart defects from diabetic pregnancy. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:275-282. [PMID: 29016556 PMCID: PMC5876137 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pregestational maternal diabetes induces congenital heart defects (CHDs). Cardiac dysfunction after palliative surgical procedures contributes to the high mortality of CHD patients. Autologous or allogeneic stem cell therapies are effective for improving cardiac function in animal models and clinical trials. c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), the most recognized CPCs, have the following basic properties of stem cells: self-renewal, multicellular clone formation, and differentiation into multiple cardiac lineages. However, there is ongoing debate regarding whether c-kit+ CPCs can give rise to sufficient cardiomyocytes. A new hypothesis to address the beneficial effect of c-kit+ CPCs is that these cells stimulate endogenous cardiac cells through a paracrine function in producing a robust secretome and exosomes. The values of other cardiac CPCs, including Sca1+ CPCs and cardiosphere-derived cells, are beginning to be revealed. These cells may be better choices than c-kit+ CPCs for generating cardiomyocytes. Adult mesenchymal stem cells are considered immune-incompetent and effective for improving cardiac function. Autologous CPC therapy may be limited by the observation that maternal diabetes adversely affects the biological function of embryonic stem cells and CPCs. Future studies should focus on determining the mechanistic action of these cells, identifying new CPC markers, selecting highly effective CPCs, and engineering cell-free products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shengbing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Mochizuki M, Lorenz V, Ivanek R, Della Verde G, Gaudiello E, Marsano A, Pfister O, Kuster GM. Polo-Like Kinase 2 is Dynamically Regulated to Coordinate Proliferation and Early Lineage Specification Downstream of Yes-Associated Protein 1 in Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005920. [PMID: 29066438 PMCID: PMC5721832 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) can produce new cardiac cells. Such cell formation requires an intricate coordination of progenitor cell proliferation and commitment, but the molecular cues responsible for this regulation in CPCs are ill defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Extracellular matrix components are important instructors of cell fate. Using laminin and fibronectin, we induced two slightly distinct CPC phenotypes differing in proliferation rate and commitment status and analyzed the early transcriptomic response to CPC adhesion (<2 hours). Ninety-four genes were differentially regulated on laminin versus fibronectin, consisting of mostly downregulated genes that were enriched for Yes-associated protein (YAP) conserved signature and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1)-related genes. This early gene regulation was preceded by the rapid cytosolic sequestration and degradation of YAP on laminin. Among the most strongly regulated genes was polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2). Plk2 expression depended on YAP stability and was enhanced in CPCs transfected with a nuclear-targeted mutant YAP. Phenotypically, the early downregulation of Plk2 on laminin was succeeded by lower cell proliferation, enhanced lineage gene expression (24 hours), and facilitated differentiation (3 weeks) compared with fibronectin. Finally, overexpression of Plk2 enhanced CPC proliferation and knockdown of Plk2 induced the expression of lineage genes. CONCLUSIONS Plk2 acts as coordinator of cell proliferation and early lineage commitment in CPCs. The rapid downregulation of Plk2 on YAP inactivation marks a switch towards enhanced commitment and facilitated differentiation. These findings link early gene regulation to cell fate and provide novel insights into how CPC proliferation and differentiation are orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Single-cell analysis of the fate of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:27. [PMID: 29302361 PMCID: PMC5678002 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) in tissues different from their organ of origin remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-kit-BMCs are functionally heterogeneous and only a subgroup of these cells possesses cardiomyogenic potential. Population-based assays fall short of identifying the properties of individual stem cells, imposing on us the introduction of single cell-based approaches to track the fate of c-kit-BMCs in the injured heart; they included viral gene-tagging, multicolor clonal-marking and transcriptional profiling. Based on these strategies, we report that single mouse c-kit-BMCs expand clonally within the infarcted myocardium and differentiate into specialized cardiac cells. Newly-formed cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and c-kit-BMCs showed in their genome common sites of viral integration, providing strong evidence in favor of the plasticity of a subset of BMCs expressing the c-kit receptor. Similarly, individual c-kit-BMCs, which were infected with multicolor reporters and injected in infarcted hearts, formed cardiomyocytes and vascular cells organized in clusters of similarly colored cells. The uniform distribution of fluorescent proteins in groups of specialized cells documented the polyclonal nature of myocardial regeneration. The transcriptional profile of myogenic c-kit-BMCs and whole c-kit-BMCs was defined by RNA sequencing. Genes relevant for engraftment, survival, migration, and differentiation were enriched in myogenic c-kit-BMCs, a cell subtype which could not be assigned to a specific hematopoietic lineage. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the bone marrow comprises a category of cardiomyogenic, vasculogenic and/or fibrogenic c-kit-positive cells and a category of c-kit-positive cells that retains an undifferentiated state within the damaged heart.
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18
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Chen Z, Zhu W, Bender I, Gong W, Kwak IY, Yellamilli A, Hodges TJ, Nemoto N, Zhang J, Garry DJ, van Berlo JH. Pathologic Stimulus Determines Lineage Commitment of Cardiac C-kit + Cells. Circulation 2017; 136:2359-2372. [PMID: 29021323 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiac c-kit+ cells are being tested in clinical trials, the circumstances that determine lineage differentiation of c-kit+ cells in vivo are unknown. Recent findings suggest that endogenous cardiac c-kit+ cells rarely contribute cardiomyocytes to the adult heart. We assessed whether various pathological stimuli differentially affect the eventual cell fates of c-kit+ cells. METHODS We used single-cell sequencing and genetic lineage tracing of c-kit+ cells to determine whether various pathological stimuli would result in different fates of c-kit+ cells. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing of cardiac CD45-c-kit+ cells showed innate heterogeneity, indicative of the existence of vascular and mesenchymal c-kit+ cells in normal hearts. Cardiac pressure overload resulted in a modest increase in c-kit-derived cardiomyocytes, with significant increases in the numbers of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity did not increase c-kit-derived endothelial cell fates but instead induced cardiomyocyte differentiation. Mechanistically, doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in c-kit+ cells resulted in expression of p53. Inhibition of p53 blocked cardiomyocyte differentiation in response to doxorubicin, whereas stabilization of p53 was sufficient to increase c-kit-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that different pathological stimuli induce different cell fates of c-kit+ cells in vivo. Although the overall rate of cardiomyocyte formation from c-kit+ cells is still below clinically relevant levels, we show that p53 is central to the ability of c-kit+ cells to adopt cardiomyocyte fates, which could lead to the development of strategies to preferentially generate cardiomyocytes from c-kit+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (W.Z., J.Z.)
| | - Ingrid Bender
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Wuming Gong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (W.G., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Il-Youp Kwak
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Amritha Yellamilli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (A.Y., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Thomas J Hodges
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Natsumi Nemoto
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (W.Z., J.Z.)
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (W.G., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.)
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., W.Z., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., T.J.H., N.N., J.Z., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.) .,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Z.C., I.B., W.G., I-Y.K., A.Y., N.N., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (W.G., D.J.G., J.H.v.B.).,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (A.Y., J.H.v.B.)
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19
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Cardiac Progenitor Cells and the Interplay with Their Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7471582. [PMID: 29075298 PMCID: PMC5623801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7471582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in the behavior of stem and progenitor cells. In the heart, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) reside in specific niches, characterized by key components that are altered in response to a myocardial infarction. To date, there is a lack of knowledge on these niches and on the CPC interplay with the niche components. Insight into these complex interactions and into the influence of microenvironmental factors on CPCs can be used to promote the regenerative potential of these cells. In this review, we discuss cardiac resident progenitor cells and their regenerative potential and provide an overview of the interactions of CPCs with the key elements of their niche. We focus on the interaction between CPCs and supporting cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stimuli, and soluble factors. Finally, we describe novel approaches to modulate the CPC niche that can represent the next step in recreating an optimal CPC microenvironment and thereby improve their regeneration capacity.
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20
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Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and robustly myogenic: c-kit expression is necessary but not sufficient for their identification. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2101-2116. [PMID: 28800128 PMCID: PMC5686347 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were first identified by the expression of c-kit, the stem cell factor receptor. However, in the adult myocardium c-kit alone cannot distinguish CSCs from other c-kit-expressing (c-kitpos) cells. The adult heart indeed contains a heterogeneous mixture of c-kitpos cells, mainly composed of mast and endothelial/progenitor cells. This heterogeneity of cardiac c-kitpos cells has generated confusion and controversy about the existence and role of CSCs in the adult heart. Here, to unravel CSC identity within the heterogeneous c-kit-expressing cardiac cell population, c-kitpos cardiac cells were separated through CD45-positive or -negative sorting followed by c-kitpos sorting. The blood/endothelial lineage-committed (Lineagepos) CD45posc-kitpos cardiac cells were compared to CD45neg(Lineageneg/Linneg) c-kitpos cardiac cells for stemness and myogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. The majority (~90%) of the resident c-kitpos cardiac cells are blood/endothelial lineage-committed CD45posCD31posc-kitpos cells. In contrast, the LinnegCD45negc-kitpos cardiac cell cohort, which represents ⩽10% of the total c-kitpos cells, contain all the cardiac cells with the properties of adult multipotent CSCs. These characteristics are absent from the c-kitneg and the blood/endothelial lineage-committed c-kitpos cardiac cells. Single Linnegc-kitpos cell-derived clones, which represent only 1-2% of total c-kitpos myocardial cells, when stimulated with TGF-β/Wnt molecules, acquire full transcriptome and protein expression, sarcomere organisation, spontaneous contraction and electrophysiological properties of differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs). Genetically tagged cloned progeny of one Linnegc-kitpos cell when injected into the infarcted myocardium, results in significant regeneration of new CMs, arterioles and capillaries, derived from the injected cells. The CSC's myogenic regenerative capacity is dependent on commitment to the CM lineage through activation of the SMAD2 pathway. Such regeneration was not apparent when blood/endothelial lineage-committed c-kitpos cardiac cells were injected. Thus, among the cardiac c-kitpos cell cohort only a very small fraction has the phenotype and the differentiation/regenerative potential characteristics of true multipotent CSCs.
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21
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Zhang WB, Liu YQ, Zhang X, Lin L, Yin SL. The role of β-adrenergic receptors and p38MAPK signaling pathways in physiological processes of cardiosphere-derived cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1204-1214. [PMID: 28722223 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of β adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways on cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of β-ARs and p38MAPK pathways on the proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation capacity of CDCs. The CDCs were treated with β1-AR blocker (Met group), β2-AR antagonist (ICI group), and p38MAPK inhibitor (SB group), non-selective β-AR blocker (PRO group), and β-AR agonist (ISO group). The viability, apoptotic rate and differentiation status of CDCs were determined by MST-1 assay, flow cytometery, and Western blot, respectively. The CDCs viability significantly reduced in ICI group (all P < 0.05), and SB group had a significant high viability after 48 h treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, all treated groups had a low apoptotic rate. After treatment for 72 h, ISO treatment elevated the expression of Nkx2.5, and could partially or fully attenuate the inhibitory effects of β-AR antagonists and/or p38MAPK inhibitor. A similar overall trend of protein expression levels among all groups could be observed between protein pairs of cTnT and β1-AR as well as c-Kit and β2-AR, respectively. These results suggested that β-ARs and p38MAPK signaling pathways play crucial roles in the proliferation and differentiation of CDCs. Our findings should be helpful for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the physiological processes of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Beltrami AP, Madeddu P. Pericytes and cardiac stem cells: Common features and peculiarities. Pharmacol Res 2017; 127:101-109. [PMID: 28578204 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data and basic research indicate that the structural and functional alterations that characterize the evolution of cardiac disease towards heart failure may be, at least in part, reversed. This paradigm shift is due to the accumulation of evidence indicating that, in peculiar settings, cardiomyocytes may be replenished. Moving from the consideration that cardiomyocytes are rapidly withdrawn from the cell cycle after birth, independent laboratories have tested the hypothesis that cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells resided in mammalian hearts and were important for myocardial repair. After almost two decades of intensive investigation, several (but partially overlapping) cardiac resident stem/progenitor cell populations have been identified. These primitive cells are characterized by mesenchymal features, unique properties that distinguish them from mesodermal progenitors residing in other tissues, and heterogeneous embryological origins (that include the neural crest and the epicardium). A further layer of complexity is related to the nature, in vivo localization and properties of mesodermal progenitors residing in adult tissues. Intriguingly, these latter, whose possible perivascular pericyte/mural cell origin has been shown, have been identified in human hearts too. However, their exact anatomical localization, pathophysiological role, and their relationship with cardiac stem/progenitor cells are emerging only recently. Therefore, aim of this review is to discuss the different origin, the distinct nature, and the complementary effect of cardiac stem cells and pericytes supporting regenerative strategies based on the combined use of both myogenic and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.zzle S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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23
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Tobin SW, Li SH, Li J, Wu J, Yeganeh A, Yu P, Weisel RD, Li RK. Dual roles for bone marrow-derived Sca-1 cells in cardiac function. FASEB J 2017; 31:2905-2915. [PMID: 28336524 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601363rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of stem cells from the bone marrow (BM) is an important aspect of cardiac healing that becomes inefficient with age. We investigated the role of young stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1)-positive BM cells on the aged heart by microarray analysis after BM reconstitution. Sca-1+ and Sca-1- BM cells from young green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive mice were used to reconstitute the BM of aged mice. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced 3 mo later. GFP+ cells were more abundant in the BM, blood, and heart of Sca-1+ mice, which corresponded to preserved cardiac function after MI. At baseline, Sca-1+ BM reconstitution increased cardiac expression of serum response factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and myogenic genes, but reduced the expression of Il-1β. After MI, inflammation was identified as a key difference between Sca-1- and Sca-1+ groups, as cytokine expression and cell surface markers associated with inflammatory cells were up-regulated with Sca-1+ reconstitution. Mac-3 and F4/80 staining showed that the postinfarction heart was composed of a mixture of GFP+ (donor) macrophages, GFP- (host) macrophages, and GFP+ cells that did not contribute to the macrophage population. This study demonstrates that Sca-1+ BM cells regulate cardiac healing though an acute inflammatory response and also before injury by stimulating formation of a beneficial cardiac niche.-Tobin, S. W., Li, S.-H., Li, J., Wu, J., Yeganeh, A., Yu, P., Weisel, R. D., Li, R.-K. Dual roles for bone marrow-derived Sca-1 cells in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Tobin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiao Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pan Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Mol EA, Goumans MJ, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac Progenitor-Cell Derived Exosomes as Cell-Free Therapeutic for Cardiac Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:207-219. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Feyen DA, Gaetani R, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JP. Stem cell-based therapy: Improving myocardial cell delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:104-115. [PMID: 27133386 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies form an exciting new class of medicine that attempt to provide the body with the building blocks required for the reconstruction of damaged organs. However, delivering cells to the correct location, while preserving their integrity and functional properties, is a complex undertaking. These challenges have led to the development of a highly dynamic interdisciplinary research field, wherein medical, biological, and chemical sciences have collaborated to develop strategies to overcome the physiological barriers imposed on the cellular therapeutics. In this respect, improving the acute retention and subsequent survival of stem cells is key to effectively increase the effect of the therapy, while proper tissue integration is imperative for stem cells to functionally replace lost cells in damaged organs. In this review, we will use the heart as an example to highlight the current knowledge of therapeutic stem cell utilization, the existing pitfalls and limitations, and the approaches that have been developed to overcome them.
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26
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Burridge PW, Sharma A, Wu JC. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Human Cardiac Reprogramming and Differentiation in Regenerative Medicine. Annu Rev Genet 2016; 49:461-84. [PMID: 26631515 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-054911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration or replacement of lost cardiomyocytes within the heart has the potential to revolutionize cardiovascular medicine. Numerous methodologies have been used to achieve this aim, including the engraftment of bone marrow- and heart-derived cells as well as the identification of modulators of adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Recently, the conversion of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells and induced cardiomyocyte-like cells has transformed potential approaches toward this goal, and the engraftment of cardiac progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells into patients is now feasible. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic control of human cardiogenesis, cardiac differentiation, and the induced reprogramming of somatic cells to cardiomyocytes. We also cover genetic programs for inducing the proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes and discuss the genetic state of cells used in cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Pharmacology.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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27
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Yellamilli A, van Berlo JH. The Role of Cardiac Side Population Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:102. [PMID: 27679798 PMCID: PMC5020051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a limited ability to regenerate. It is important to identify therapeutic strategies that enhance cardiac regeneration in order to replace cardiomyocytes lost during the progression of heart failure. Cardiac progenitor cells are interesting targets for new regenerative therapies because they are self-renewing, multipotent cells located in the heart. Cardiac side population cells (cSPCs), the first cardiac progenitor cells identified in the adult heart, have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. They become activated in response to cardiac injury and transplantation of cSPCs into the injured heart improves cardiac function. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on the progenitor cell properties and therapeutic potential of cSPCs. This body of work demonstrates the great promise cSPCs hold as targets for new regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Stem Cell Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
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28
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Santini MP, Forte E, Harvey RP, Kovacic JC. Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac stem cells. Development 2016; 143:1242-58. [PMID: 27095490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, several populations of cardiac stem cells have been described in the adult mammalian heart. For the most part, however, their lineage origins and in vivo functions remain largely unexplored. This Review summarizes what is known about different populations of embryonic and adult cardiac stem cells, including KIT(+), PDGFRα(+), ISL1(+)and SCA1(+)cells, side population cells, cardiospheres and epicardial cells. We discuss their developmental origins and defining characteristics, and consider their possible contribution to heart organogenesis and regeneration. We also summarize the origin and plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and consider what role these cells have in contributing to cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Santini
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Forte
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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29
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Bruyneel AAN, Sehgal A, Malandraki-Miller S, Carr C. Stem Cell Therapy for the Heart: Blind Alley or Magic Bullet? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:405-418. [PMID: 27542008 PMCID: PMC5153828 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When stressed by ageing or disease, the adult human heart is unable to regenerate, leading to scarring and hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. As a result, stem cell therapy has been proposed as an ultimate therapeutic strategy, as stem cells could limit adverse remodelling and give rise to new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. Unfortunately, the results from clinical trials to date have been largely disappointing. In this review, we discuss the current status of the field and describe various limitations and how future work may attempt to resolve these to make way to successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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30
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Xiang MSW, Kikuchi K. Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:67-131. [PMID: 27572127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish possess a remarkable capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout their lifetime, providing a model for investigating endogenous cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myocardial regeneration. By contrast, adult mammals have an extremely limited capacity for cardiac regeneration, contributing to mortality and morbidity from cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the viewpoint of the mammalian heart as a postmitotic organ was recently revised based on findings that the mammalian heart contains multiple undifferentiated cell types with cardiogenic potential as well as a robust regenerative capacity during a short period early in life. Although it occurs at an extremely low level, continuous cardiomyocyte turnover has been detected in adult mouse and human hearts, which could potentially be enhanced to restore lost myocardium in damaged human hearts. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the understanding of endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S W Xiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - K Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia.
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31
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Liu N, Qi X, Han Z, Liang L, Kong D, Han Z, Zhao S, He ZX, Li Z. Bone Marrow Is a Reservoir for Cardiac Resident Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28739. [PMID: 27345618 PMCID: PMC4921812 DOI: 10.1038/srep28739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) represent a responsive stem cell reservoir within the adult myocardium and have a significant function in myocardial homeostasis and injury. However, the distribution, origin, homing and possible therapeutic benefits of CSCs are still under discussion. Here we investigated whether bone marrow (BM) stem cells could contribute to repopulating the pool of CSCs in heart. The engraftment of BM cells in heart was detected at a low level after BM transplantation (BMT) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) could increase BM cells engraftment but not significant. We clarified that more than 50% CSCs are derived from BM and confirmed that BM-derived CSCs have similar characteristics with the host CSCs. Furthermore, we transplanted BM-derived CSCs into heart ischemia models and presented evidence for the first time that BM-derived CSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo. In conclusions, BM stem cells could be a potential back-up source of CSCs for restoring heart function after injury or maintaining homeostasis of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, the College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology &Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, No. 1 Kangding Road, BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Deling Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, the College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology &Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, No. 1 Kangding Road, BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Xiang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, the College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
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32
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Ikeda N, Nakayama Y, Nakazawa N, Yoshida A, Ninomiya H, Shirayoshi Y. Prion Protein and Stage Specific Embryo Antigen 1 as Selection Markers to Enrich the Fraction of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Yonago Acta Med 2016; 59:126-134. [PMID: 27493483 PMCID: PMC4973018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prion protein (PrP) might be useful as a tool to collect cardiac progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells. It is also possible that PrP(+) cells include undifferentiated cells with a capacity to develop into tumors. METHODS PrP(+) cells isolated from embryoid bodies (EB) formed by mouse AB1 ES cells were examined using RT-PCR analysis and clonogeneic cell assay. To assess their potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, Nkx2.5(GFP/+) (hcgp7) cells, another ES cell line that carries the GFP reporter gene in the Nkx2.5 loci, were used. RESULTS PrP(+) cells isolated from EB of day 7 and 14 did not express pluripotency markers, but expressed cardiac cell markers, while PrP(+) cells isolated from EB of day 21 expressed pluripotency markers. Cultured PrP(+) cells isolated from EB of day 21 expressed pluripotency markers to form colonies, whereas those isolated from EB of day 7 and 14 did not. To exclude proliferating cells from PrP(+) cells, stage specific embryo antigen 1 (SSEA1) was employed as a second marker. PrP(+)/SSEA1(-) cells did not proliferate and expressed cardiac cell markers, while PrP(+)/SSEA1(+) did proliferate. CONCLUSION PrP(+) cells isolated from EB included undifferentiated cells in day 21. PrP(+)/SSEA1(-) cells included cardiomyoctes, suggesting PrP and SSEA1 may be useful as markers to enrich the fraction of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- †Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nakazawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- ‡Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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33
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Luo L, Urata Y, Yan C, Hasan AS, Goto S, Guo CY, Tou FF, Xie Y, Li TS. Radiation Exposure Decreases the Quantity and Quality of Cardiac Stem Cells in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152179. [PMID: 27195709 PMCID: PMC4873219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure may increase cardiovascular disease risks; however, the precise molecular/cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that radiation impairs cardiac stem cells (CSCs), thereby contributing to future cardiovascular disease risks. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3 Gy γ-rays, and heart tissues were collected 24 hours later for further experiments. Although c-kit-positive cells were rarely found, radiation exposure significantly induced apoptosis and DNA damage in the cells of the heart. The ex vivo expansion of CSCs from freshly harvested atrial tissues showed a significantly lower production of CSCs in irradiated mice compared with healthy mice. The proliferative activity of CSCs evaluated by Ki-67 expression was not significantly different between the groups. However, compared to the healthy control, CSCs expanded from irradiated mice showed significantly lower telomerase activity, more 53BP1 foci in the nuclei, lower expression of c-kit and higher expression of CD90. Furthermore, CSCs expanded from irradiated mice had significantly poorer potency in the production of insulin-like growth factor-1. Our data suggest that radiation exposure significantly decreases the quantity and quality of CSCs, which may serve as sensitive bio-parameters for predicting future cardiovascular disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Al Shaimaa Hasan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chang-Ying Guo
- Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Yucai Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Madonna R, Van Laake LW, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Leor J, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K, Landmesser U, Mummery CL, Janssens S, Willerson J, Eschenhagen T, Ferdinandy P, Sluijter JPG. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart: cell-based therapies for myocardial repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1789-98. [PMID: 27055812 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in modern cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and worldwide. Patients with IHD may benefit from therapies that would accelerate natural processes of postnatal collateral vessel formation and/or muscle regeneration. Here, we discuss the use of cells in the context of heart repair, and the most relevant results and current limitations from clinical trials using cell-based therapies to treat IHD and HF. We identify and discuss promising potential new therapeutic strategies that include ex vivo cell-mediated gene therapy, the use of biomaterials and cell-free therapies aimed at increasing the success rates of therapy for IHD and HF. The overall aim of this Position Paper of the ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations on how to improve the therapeutic application of cell-based therapies for cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University - Chieti, Chieti, Italy Texas Heart Institute, Houston, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- MRC Cape Heart Unit, Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig Giessen University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Cardiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Willerson
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Following the recognition that hematopoietic stem cells improve the outcome of myocardial infarction in animal models, bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD34-positive cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells have been introduced clinically. The intracoronary or intramyocardial injection of these cell classes has been shown to be safe and to produce a modest but significant enhancement in systolic function. However, the identification of resident cardiac stem cells in the human heart (hCSCs) has created great expectation concerning the potential implementation of this category of autologous cells for the management of the human disease. Although phase 1 clinical trials have been conducted with encouraging results, the search for the most powerful hCSC for myocardial regeneration is in its infancy. This manuscript discusses the efforts performed in our laboratory to characterize the critical biological variables that define the growth reserve of hCSCs. Based on the theory of the immortal DNA template, we propose that stem cells retaining the old DNA represent 1 of the most powerful cells for myocardial regeneration. Similarly, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in hCSCs recognizes a cell phenotype with superior replicating reserve. However, the impressive recovery in ventricular hemodynamics and anatomy mediated by clonal hCSCs carrying the "mother" DNA underscores the clinical relevance of this hCSC class for the treatment of human heart failure.
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Zhu W, Cui Y, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Lv S. The apoptotic effect and the plausible mechanism of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:849-57. [PMID: 27203380 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microwaves may exert adverse biological effects on the cardiovascular system at the integrated system and cellular levels. However, the mechanism underlying such effects remains poorly understood. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized mechanism through which microwaves damage myocardial cells. Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm(2) for 6 min. Microwave treatment significantly enhanced the levels of various enzymes in serum. In addition, it increased the malondialdehyde content while decreasing the levels of antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I-IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Notably, irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed significant changes in expression levels of proteins involved in oxidative stress regulation and apoptotic signaling pathways, indicating that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism. Our findings provide useful insights into the mechanism of microwave-induced damage to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhe Zhu
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Yan Cui
- b First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianmin Feng
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Yan Li
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
| | - Shijie Lv
- a Department of Biochemistry, Ji Lin Medical University, Ji Lin 132013, China
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Vahdat S, Mousavi SA, Omrani G, Gholampour M, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Ghazizadeh Z, Gharechahi J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH, Aghdami N. Cellular and molecular characterization of human cardiac stem cells reveals key features essential for their function and safety. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 24:1390-404. [PMID: 25867933 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy of heart diseases is emerging as one of the most promising known treatments in recent years. Transplantation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) may be one of the best strategies to cure adult or pediatric heart diseases. As these patient-derived stem cells need to be isolated from small heart biopsies, it is important to select the best isolation method and CSC subpopulation with the best cardiogenic functionality. We employed three different protocols including c-KIT(+) cell sorting, clonogenic expansion, and explants culture to isolate c-KIT(+) cells, clonogenic expansion-derived cells (CEDCs), and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), respectively. Evaluation of isolated CSC characteristics in vitro and after rat myocardial infarction (MI) model transplantation revealed that although c-KIT(+) and CDCs had higher MI regenerative potential, CEDCs had more commitment into cardiomyocytes and needed lower passages that were essential to reach a definite cell count. Furthermore, genome-wide expression analysis showed that subsequent passages caused changes in characteristics of cells, downregulation of cell cycle-related genes, and upregulation of differentiation and carcinogenic genes, which might lead to senescence, commitment, and possible tumorigenicity of the cells. Because of different properties of CSC subpopulations, we suggest that appropriate CSCs subpopulation should be chosen based on their experimental or clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Omrani
- 4Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Gholampour
- 4Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,5Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,6Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,7Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adult Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17686. [PMID: 26657817 PMCID: PMC4677315 DOI: 10.1038/srep17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that mammalian adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are terminally-differentiated and are unable to proliferate. Recently, using a bi-transgenic ACM fate mapping mouse model and an in vitro culture system, we demonstrated that adult mouse cardiomyocytes were able to dedifferentiate into cardiac progenitor-like cells (CPCs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of their intrinsic cellular plasticity. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and cell cycle reentry of mouse ACMs. Compared to parental cardiomyocytes, dedifferentiated mouse cardiomyocyte-derived CPCs (mCPCs) display epigenomic reprogramming with many differentially-methylated regions, both hypermethylated and hypomethylated, across the entire genome. Correlated well with the methylome, our transcriptomic data showed that the genes encoding cardiac structure and function proteins are remarkably down-regulated in mCPCs, while those for cell cycle, proliferation, and stemness are significantly up-regulated. In addition, implantation of mCPCs into infarcted mouse myocardium improves cardiac function with augmented left ventricular ejection fraction. Our study demonstrates that the cellular plasticity of mammalian cardiomyocytes is the result of a well-orchestrated epigenomic reprogramming and a subsequent global transcriptomic alteration.
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39
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C-kit(+) resident cardiac stem cells improve left ventricular fibrosis in pressure overload. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:700-711. [PMID: 26587804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of resident cardiac stem cells (RCSC) on myocardial remodeling, c-kit(+) RCSC were isolated from hearts of C57Bl/6-Tg (ACTb-EGFP)1Osb/J mice expressing green fluorescent protein and expanded in vitro. C57/Bl6N wildtype mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC, 360 μm) or sham-operation. 5 × 10(5) c-kit(+) RCSC or c-kit(-) cardiac cells or cell buffer were infused intravenously 24 h post-surgery (n = 11-24 per group). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mRNA in left ventricles of TAC mice was enhanced 24 h after transplantation. 35 days post-TAC, the density of c-kit(+) RCSC in the myocardium was increased by two-fold. Infusion of c-kit(+) resident cardiac stem cells post-TAC markedly reduced myocardial fibrosis and the expression of collagen Iα2 and connective tissue growth factor. Infusion of c-kit(-) cardiac cells did not ameliorate cardiac fibrosis. In parallel, expression of pro-angiogenic mediators (FGFb, IL-4, IL-6, TGFß, leptin) and the density of CD31(+) and CD31(+) GFP(+) endothelial cells were increased. Transplantation reduced brain- and atrial natriuretic peptides and the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Infusion of c-kit(+) resident cardiac stem reduced the rate of apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and in non-cardiomyocyte cells.
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40
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Ho YS, Tsai WH, Lin FC, Huang WP, Lin LC, Wu SM, Liu YR, Chen WP. Cardioprotective Actions of TGFβRI Inhibition Through Stimulating Autocrine/Paracrine of Survivin and Inhibiting Wnt in Cardiac Progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 34:445-55. [PMID: 26418219 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. We found previously that A83-01, a TGFβRI inhibitor, could facilitate cardiac repair in post-MI mice and induce the expansion of a Nkx2.5 + cardiomyoblast population. This study aimed to investigate the key autocrine/paracrine factors regulated by A83-01 in the injured heart and the mechanism of cardioprotection by this molecule. Using a previously described transgenic Nkx2.5 enhancer-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice, we isolated cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) including Nkx2.5-GFP + (Nkx2.5+), sca1+, and Nkx2.5+/sca1 + cells. A83-01 was found to induce proliferation of these three subpopulations mainly through increasing Birc5 expression in the MEK/ERK-dependent pathway. Survivin, encoded by Birc5, could also directly proliferate Nkx2.5 + cells and enhance cultured cardiomyocytes viability. A83-01 could also reverse the downregulation of Birc5 in postinjured mice hearts (n = 6) to expand CPCs. Moreover, the increased Wnt3a in postinjured hearts could decrease CPCs, which could be reversed by A83-01 via inhibiting Fzd6 and Wnt1-induced signaling protein 1 expressions in CPCs. Next, we used inducible αMHC-cre/mTmG mice to label cardiomyocytes with GFP and nonmyocytes with RFP. We found A83-01 preserved more GFP + myocytes (68.6% ± 3.1% vs. 80.9% ± 3.0%; p < .05, n = 6) and fewer renewed RFP + myocytes (0.026% ± 0.005% vs. 0.062% ± 0.008%; p < .05, n = 6) in parallel with less cardiac fibrosis in isoprenaline-injected mice treated with A83-01. TGFβRI inhibition in an injured adult heart could both stimulate the autocrine/paracrine activity of survivin and inhibit Wnt in CPCs to mediate cardioprotection and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sian Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Chiung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pang Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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41
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Campbell KA, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiovascular disease: from product-focused disease modeling to process-focused disease discovery. Regen Med 2015; 10:773-83. [PMID: 26439809 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology offers an unprecedented opportunity to study patient-specific disease. This biotechnology platform enables recapitulation of individualized disease signatures in a dish through differentiation of patient-derived iPS cells. Beyond disease modeling, the in vitro process of differentiation toward genuine patient tissue offers a blueprint to inform disease etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Here, we highlight recent advances in patient-specific cardiac disease modeling and outline the future promise of iPS cell-based disease discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Campbell
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Transplantation & Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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42
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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43
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Weil BR, Suzuki G, Leiker MM, Fallavollita JA, Canty JM. Comparative Efficacy of Intracoronary Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Swine with Hibernating Myocardium. Circ Res 2015; 117:634-44. [PMID: 26271689 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have each entered clinical trials, but a direct comparison of these cell types has not been performed in a large animal model of hibernating myocardium. OBJECTIVE Using completely blinded methodology, we compared the efficacy of global intracoronary allogeneic MSCs (icMSCs, ≈35×10(6)) and CDCs (icCDCs, ≈35×10(6)) versus vehicle in cyclosporine-immunosuppressed swine with a chronic left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (n=26). METHODS AND RESULTS Studies began 3 months after instrumentation when wall thickening was reduced (left anterior descending coronary artery % wall thickening [mean±SD], 38±11% versus 83±26% in remote; P<0.01) and similar among groups. Four weeks after treatment, left anterior descending coronary artery % wall thickening increased similarly after icCDCs and icMSCs, whereas it remained depressed in vehicle-treated controls (icMSCs, 51±13%; icCDCs, 51±17%; vehicle, 34±3%, treatments P<0.05 versus vehicle). There was no change in myocardial perfusion. Both icMSCs and icCDCs increased left anterior descending coronary artery myocyte nuclear density (icMSCs, 1601±279 nuclei/mm(2); icCDCs, 1569±294 nuclei/mm(2); vehicle, 973±181 nuclei/mm(2); treatments P<0.05 versus vehicle) and reduced myocyte diameter (icMSCs, 16.4±1.5 μm; icCDCs, 16.8±1.2 μm; vehicle, 20.2±3.7 μm; treatments P<0.05 versus vehicle) to the same extent. Similar changes in myocyte nuclear density and diameter were observed in the remote region of cell-treated animals. Cell fate analysis using Y-chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated rare cells from sex-mismatched donors. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic icMSCs and icCDCs exhibit comparable therapeutic efficacy in a large animal model of hibernating myocardium. Both cell types produced equivalent increases in regional function and stimulated myocyte regeneration in ischemic and remote myocardium. The activation of endogenous myocyte proliferation and regression of myocyte cellular hypertrophy support a common mechanism of cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Weil
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo and the VA WNY Health Care System, NY
| | - Gen Suzuki
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo and the VA WNY Health Care System, NY
| | - Merced M Leiker
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo and the VA WNY Health Care System, NY
| | - James A Fallavollita
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo and the VA WNY Health Care System, NY
| | - John M Canty
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo and the VA WNY Health Care System, NY.
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44
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Enhanced efficiency of genetic programming toward cardiomyocyte creation through topographical cues. Biomaterials 2015; 70:94-104. [PMID: 26302234 PMCID: PMC4823279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of de novo cardiomyocytes through viral over-expression of key transcription factors represents a highly promising strategy for cardiac muscle tissue regeneration. Although the feasibility of cell reprogramming has been proven possible both in vitro and in vivo, the efficiency of the process remains extremely low. Here, we report a chemical-free technique in which topographical cues, more specifically parallel microgrooves, enhance the directed differentiation of cardiac progenitors into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Using a lentivirus-mediated direct reprogramming strategy for expression of Myocardin, Tbx5, and Mef2c, we showed that the microgrooved substrate provokes an increase in histone H3 acetylation (AcH3), known to be a permissive environment for reprogramming by “stemness” factors, as well as stimulation of myocardin sumoylation, a post-translational modification essential to the transcriptional function of this key co-activator. These biochemical effects mimicked those of a pharmacological histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), and like VPA markedly augmented the expression of cardiomyocyte-specific proteins by the genetically engineered cells. No instructive effect was seen in cells unresponsive to VPA. In addition, the anisotropy resulting from parallel microgrooves induced cellular alignment, mimicking the native ventricular myocardium and augmenting sarcomere organization.
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45
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Hayashi E, Hosoda T. Myocyte renewal and therapeutic myocardial regeneration using various progenitor cells. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:789-97. [PMID: 24743881 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the demand on effective treatment options for chronic heart failure is dramatically increasing, the recent recognition of physiological and pathological myocyte turnover in the adult human heart provided a fundamental basis for the therapeutic regeneration. Divergent modalities were experimentally introduced to this field, and selected ones have been applied clinically; the history began with skeletal myoblasts and bone-marrow-derived cells, and lately mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and resident cardiac cells joined the repertoire. Among them, autologous transplantation of c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells in patients with chronic ventricular dysfunction resulted in an outstanding outcome with long-lasting effects without increasing major adverse events. To further optimize currently available approaches, we have to consider multiple factors, such as the targeting disease, the cell population and number to be administered, and the timing and the route of cell delivery. Exploration of the consequence of the previous clinical trials would allow us to envision an ideal cellular therapy for various cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Hayashi
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
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46
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Wehman B, Sharma S, Mishra R, Guo Y, Colletti EJ, Kon ZN, Datla SR, Siddiqui OT, Balachandran K, Kaushal S. Pediatric End-Stage Failing Hearts Demonstrate Increased Cardiac Stem Cells. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:615-22. [PMID: 26138767 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the location, expression, and characterization of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in children with end-stage heart failure (ESHF). We hypothesized ESHF myocardium would contain an increased number of CSCs relative to age-matched healthy myocardium, and ESHF-derived CSCs would have diminished functional capacity as evidenced by reduced telomere length. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from the explanted hearts of children undergoing heart transplantation with ESHF, defined as New York Heart Association class III or IV and ejection fraction less than 0.20, and from age-matched congenital heart disease patients with normal myocardium. The expression profile of cardiac-specific stem cell markers was determined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Cardiac stem cell growth reserve was assessed with telomere length. RESULTS There were 15 ESHF and 15 age-matched congenital heart disease patients. End-stage heart failure myocardium demonstrated increased expression of c-kit(+) and islet-1(+) CSCs by 2.0- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared with myocardium from congenital heart disease patients. There was no difference in expression of c-kit(+) CSCs with advancing age from infants to children in ESHF myocardium. The c-kit(+) CSCs isolated from ESHF patients demonstrated significantly reduced telomere length, suggesting a diminished functional capability in these cells (8.1 ± 0.6 kbp versus 6.3 ± 0.3 kbp; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS End-stage heart failure myocardium demonstrated an age-independent increase in CSCs relative to healthy myocardium; however, these CSCs from ESHF patients may have diminished proliferative ability and reduced functionality as an autologous cell therapy candidate. Further investigation is necessary to determine the role of ESHF-derived CSCs within the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brody Wehman
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yin Guo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evan J Colletti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zachary N Kon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasa Raju Datla
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Osama T Siddiqui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Keerti Balachandran
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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47
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Boucek RJ, Steele J, Jacobs JP, Steele P, Asante-Korang A, Quintessenza J, Steele A. Ex vivo paracrine properties of cardiac tissue: Effects of chronic heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:839-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Gaetani R, Feyen DAM, Verhage V, Slaats R, Messina E, Christman KL, Giacomello A, Doevendans PAFM, Sluijter JPG. Epicardial application of cardiac progenitor cells in a 3D-printed gelatin/hyaluronic acid patch preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 61:339-48. [PMID: 26043062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell therapy suffers from limitations related to poor engraftment and significant cell death after transplantation. In this regard, ex vivo tissue engineering is a tool that has been demonstrated to increase cell retention and survival. The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a 3D-printed patch composed of human cardiac-derived progenitor cells (hCMPCs) in a hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/gel) based matrix. hCMPCs were printed in the HA/gel matrix (30 × 10(6) cells/ml) to form a biocomplex made of six perpendicularly printed layers with a surface of 2 × 2 cm and thickness of 400 μm, in which they retained their viability, proliferation and differentiation capability. The printed biocomplex was transplanted in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). The application of the patch led to a significant reduction in adverse remodeling and preservation of cardiac performance as was shown by both MRI and histology. Furthermore, the matrix supported the long-term in vivo survival and engraftment of hCMPCs, which exhibited a temporal increase in cardiac and vascular differentiation markers over the course of the 4 week follow-up period. Overall, we developed an effective and translational approach to enhance hCMPC delivery and action in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Pasteur Institute, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Dept. of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
| | - Dries A M Feyen
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Verhage
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Slaats
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Messina
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Pasteur Institute, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Karen L Christman
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Alessandro Giacomello
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Pasteur Institute, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pieter A F M Doevendans
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Dept. of Cardiology, DH&L, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Leite CF, Lopes CS, Alves AC, Fuzaro CSC, Silva MV, Oliveira LFD, Garcia LP, Farnesi TS, Cuba MBD, Rocha LB, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJFD, Dias da Silva VJ. Endogenous resident c-Kit cardiac stem cells increase in mice with an exercise-induced, physiologically hypertrophied heart. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:151-64. [PMID: 26070113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity evokes well-known adaptations in the cardiovascular system. Although exercise training induces cardiac remodeling, whether multipotent stem cells play a functional role in the hypertrophic process remains unknown. To evaluate this possibility, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to swimming training aimed at achieving cardiac hypertrophy, which was morphologically and electrocardiographically characterized. Subsequently, c-Kit(+)Lin(-) and Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were quantified using flow cytometry while cardiac muscle-derived stromal cells (CMSCs, also known as cardiac-derived mesenchymal stem cells) were assessed using in vitro colony-forming unit fibroblast assay (CFU-F). Only the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells increased in the hypertrophied heart. To investigate a possible extracardiac origin of these cells, a parabiotic eGFP transgenic/wild-type mouse model was used. The parabiotic pairs were subjected to swimming, and the wild-type heart in particular was tested for eGFP(+) stem cells. The results revealed a negligible number of extracardiac stem cells in the heart, allowing us to infer a cardiac origin for the increased amount of detected c-Kit(+) cells. In conclusion, the number of resident Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells and CMSCs was not changed, whereas the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells was increased during physiological cardiac hypertrophy. These c-Kit(+)Lin(-) CSCs may contribute to the physiological cardiac remodeling that result from exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cristina Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Santos Capitelli Fuzaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Pereira Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soares Farnesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marília Beatriz de Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Institute for Biological and Natural Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biology, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, 38025-015 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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Menasché P, Vanneaux V, Hagège A, Bel A, Cholley B, Cacciapuoti I, Parouchev A, Benhamouda N, Tachdjian G, Tosca L, Trouvin JH, Fabreguettes JR, Bellamy V, Guillemain R, Suberbielle Boissel C, Tartour E, Desnos M, Larghero J. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors for severe heart failure treatment: first clinical case report: Figure 1. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2011-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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