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Wang K, Wang Y, Li Y, Fang B, Li B, Cheng W, Wang K, Yang S. The potential of RNA methylation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. iScience 2024; 27:110524. [PMID: 39165846 PMCID: PMC11334793 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation has emerged as a dynamic regulatory mechanism that impacts gene expression and protein synthesis. Among the known RNA methylation modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 3-methylcytosine (m3C), and N7-methylguanosine (m7G) have been studied extensively. In particular, m6A is the most abundant RNA modification and has attracted significant attention due to its potential effect on multiple biological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To identify key pathogenic genes of CVD and potential therapeutic targets, we reviewed several common RNA methylation and summarized the research progress of RNA methylation in diverse CVDs, intending to inspire effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - YuQin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - YingHui Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - SuMin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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2
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Zheng S, Hu C, Lin Q, Li T, Li G, Tian Q, Zhang X, Huang T, Ye Y, He R, Chen C, Zhou Y, Chen R. Extracellular vesicle-packaged PIAT from cancer-associated fibroblasts drives neural remodeling by mediating m5C modification in pancreatic cancer mouse models. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi0178. [PMID: 39018369 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a biological characteristic commonly observed in pancreatic cancer. Although PNI plays a key role in pancreatic cancer metastasis, recurrence, and poor postoperative survival, its mechanism is largely unclarified. Clinical sample analysis and endoscopic ultrasonographic elasticity scoring indicated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were closely related to the occurrence of PNI. Furthermore, CAF-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were involved in PNI in dorsal root ganglion coculture and mouse sciatic nerve models. Next, we demonstrated that CAFs promoted PNI through extracellular vesicle transmission of PNI-associated transcript (PIAT). Mechanistically, PIAT specifically bound to YBX1 and blocked the YBX1-Nedd4l interaction to inhibit YBX1 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, PIAT enhanced the binding of YBX1 and PNI-associated mRNAs in a 5-methylcytosine (m5C)-dependent manner. Mutation of m5C recognition motifs in YBX1 or m5C sites in downstream target genes reversed PIAT-mediated PNI. Consistent with these findings, analyses using a KPC mouse model demonstrated that the PIAT/YBX1 axis enhanced PNI through m5C modification. Clinical data suggested that the PIAT expression in the serum EVs of patients with pancreatic cancer was associated with the degree of neural invasion and prognosis. Our study revealed the important role of the PIAT/YBX1 signaling axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in promoting tumor cell PNI and provided a new target for precise interference with CAFs and RNA methylation in the TME to suppress PNI in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyou Zheng
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonghui Hu
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Tian
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Huang
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Ye
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Rihua He
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu S, Cao Y, Zhang Y. Regulatory roles of RNA methylation in vascular lesions in ocular and cardiopulmonary diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38957015 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2370267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
RNA methylation is a widespread regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in physiological processes. In recent years, the mechanisms and functions of RNA methylation under diseased conditions have been increasingly unveiled by RNA sequencing technologies with large scale and high resolution. In this review, the fundamental concept of RNA methylation is introduced, and the common types of transcript methylation and their machineries are described. Then, the regulatory roles of RNA methylation, particularly N6-methyladenosine and 5-methylcytosine, in the vascular lesions of ocular and cardiopulmonary diseases are discussed and compared. The ocular diseases include corneal neovascularization, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and pathologic myopia; whereas the cardiopulmonary ailments involve atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. This review hopes to shed light on the common regulatory mechanisms underlying the vascular lesions in these ocular and cardiopulmonary diseases, which may be conducive to developing therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Liu Y, Sun X, Gou Z, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Sun W, Bai Y, Jing Y. Epigenetic modifications in abdominal aortic aneurysms: from basic to clinical. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1394889. [PMID: 38895538 PMCID: PMC11183338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1394889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a disease characterized by localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, involving multiple factors in its occurrence and development, ultimately leading to vessel rupture and severe bleeding. AAA has a high mortality rate, and there is a lack of targeted therapeutic drugs. Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in AAA, and the treatment of AAA in the epigenetic field may involve a series of related genes and pathways. Abnormal expression of these genes may be a key factor in the occurrence of the disease and could potentially serve as promising therapeutic targets. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of AAA is of significant importance in revealing the mechanisms underlying the disease and identifying new therapeutic targets. This knowledge can contribute to offering AAA patients better clinical treatment options beyond surgery. This review systematically explores various aspects of epigenetic regulation in AAA, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, and RNA modification. The analysis of the roles of these regulatory mechanisms, along with the identification of relevant genes and pathways associated with AAA, is discussed comprehensively. Additionally, a comprehensive discussion is provided on existing treatment strategies and prospects for epigenetics-based treatments, offering insights for future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuChen Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - XiaoYun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Gou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - ZhenKun Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - YunRui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - PingPing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - YuChen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang R, Xue W, Kan F, Zhang H, Wang D, Wang L, Wang J. NSUN2 affects diabetic retinopathy progression by regulating MUC1 expression through RNA m 5C methylation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:476. [PMID: 38764010 PMCID: PMC11103891 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blinding eye disease among working adults and is primarily attributed to the excessive proliferation of microvessels, which leads to vitreous hemorrhage and retinal traction, thereby significantly impairing patient vision. NSUN2-mediated RNA m5C methylation is implicated in various diseases, and in this investigation, we focused on elucidating the impact of NSUN2 on the regulation of the expression of the downstream gene MUC1, specifically through RNA m5C methylation, on the progression of DR. METHOD Utilizing Microarray analysis, we examined patient vitreous fluid to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for DR. Differential expression of NSUN2 was validated through qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence in human tissue, animal tissue, and cell model of DR. The relationship between NSUN2 and DR was explored in vitro and in vivo through gene knockdown and overexpression. Various techniques, such as MeRIP-qPCR and dot blot, were applied to reveal the downstream targets and mechanism of action of NSUN2. RESULTS The levels of both NSUN2 and RNA m5C methylation were significantly elevated in the DR model. Knockdown of NSUN2 mitigated DR lesion formation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NSUN2 promoted MUC1 expression by binding to the RNA m5C reader ALYREF. Knockdown of ALYREF resulted in DR lesion alterations similar to those observed with NSUN2 knockdown. Moreover, MUC1 overexpression successfully reversed a series of DR alterations induced by NSUN2 silencing. CONCLUSIONS NSUN2 regulates the expression of MUC1 through ALYREF-mediated RNA m5C methylation, thereby regulating the progression of DR and providing a new option for the treatment of DR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Feifei Kan
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Di Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Du X, Cheng C, Yang Y, Fan B, Wang P, Xia H, Ni X, Liu Q, Lu L, Wei L. NSUN2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression through stabilizing PIK3R2 mRNA in an m 5C-dependent manner. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:962-976. [PMID: 38411298 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is involved in variety of crucial biological processes in cancers. However, its biological roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LAUD) remain to be determined. The LUAD samples were used to assess the clinical value of NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2). Dot blot was used to determine global m5C levels. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to investigate the MYC-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ)-binding sites in NSUN2 promoter. RNA-seq was used to explore the downstream molecular mechanisms of NSUN2. Dual luciferase reporter assay, m5C-RIP-qPCR, and mRNA stability assay were conducted to explore the effect of NSUN2-depletion on target genes. Cell viability, transwell, and xenograft mouse model were designed to demonstrate the characteristic of NSUN2 in promoting LUAD progression. The m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 was highly expressed and caused elevated m5C methylation in LUAD samples. Mechanistically, MAZ positively regulated the transcription of NSUN2 and was related to poor survival of LUAD patients. Silencing NSUN2 decreased the global m5C levels, suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited activation of PI3K-AKT signaling in A549 and SPAC-1 cells. Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2 (PIK3R2) was upregulated by NSUN2-mediated m5C methylation by enhancing its mRNA stabilization and activated the phosphorylation of the PI3K-AKT signaling. The present study explored the underlying mechanism and biological function of NSUN2-meditated m5C RNA methylation in LUAD. NSUN2 was discovered to facilitate the malignancy progression of LUAD through regulating m5C modifications to stabilize PIK3R2 activating the PI3K-AKT signaling, suggesting that NSUN2 could be a novel biomarker and promising therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, School of Public Health, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Animal Core facility, The Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wang S, He H, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Gu N. Advances in Atherosclerosis Theranostics Harnessing Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308298. [PMID: 38368274 PMCID: PMC11077671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a multifaceted chronic inflammatory disease, has a profound impact on cardiovascular health. However, the critical limitations of atherosclerosis management include the delayed detection of advanced stages, the intricate assessment of plaque stability, and the absence of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Nanotheranostic based on nanotechnology offers a novel paradigm for addressing these challenges by amalgamating advanced imaging capabilities with targeted therapeutic interventions. Meanwhile, iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as compelling candidates for theranostic applications in atherosclerosis due to their magnetic resonance imaging capability and biosafety. This review delineates the current state and prospects of iron oxide nanoparticle-based nanotheranostics in the realm of atherosclerosis, including pivotal aspects of atherosclerosis development, the pertinent targeting strategies involved in disease pathogenesis, and the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of iron oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of theranostic nanomedicine approaches employing iron oxide nanoparticles, encompassing chemical therapy, physical stimulation therapy, and biological therapy. Finally, this review proposes and discusses the challenges and prospects associated with translating these innovative strategies into clinically viable anti-atherosclerosis interventions. In conclusion, this review offers new insights into the future of atherosclerosis theranostic, showcasing the remarkable potential of iron oxide-based nanoparticles as versatile tools in the battle against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSchool of Biological Sciences & Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009P. R. China
| | - Hongliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSchool of Biological Sciences & Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009P. R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSchool of Biological Sciences & Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
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Kim YA, Mellen M, Kizil C, Santa-Maria I. Mechanisms linking cerebrovascular dysfunction and tauopathy: Adding a layer of epiregulatory complexity. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:879-895. [PMID: 37926507 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated misfolded tau proteins are found in many neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau pathology can impact cerebrovascular physiology and function through multiple mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function can result in synaptic abnormalities and neuronal damage. In the present review, we will summarize how tau proteostasis dysregulation contributes to vascular dysfunction and, conversely, we will examine the factors and pathways leading to tau pathological alterations triggered by cerebrovascular dysfunction. Finally, we will highlight the role epigenetic and epitranscriptomic factors play in regulating the integrity of the cerebrovascular system and the progression of tauopathy including a few observartions on potential therapeutic interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon A Kim
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marian Mellen
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Chen Q, Chen J, Li J, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Liu Z. Recent advances of oxidative stress in thromboangiitis obliterans: biomolecular mechanisms, biomarkers, sources and clinical applications. Thromb Res 2023; 230:64-73. [PMID: 37639784 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as a key factor in the development of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO). The detection of OS levels in clinical and scientific research practice is mainly based on the measurement of oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and lipid peroxides. These markers are typically assessed through a combination of physical and chemical methods. Smoking is known to the state of OS in TAO, and OS levels are significantly increased in smokers due to inadequate antioxidant protection, which leads to the expression of apoptotic proteins and subsequent cell injury, thrombosis and limb ischemia. There, understanding the role of OS in the pathogenesis of TAO may provide insights into the etiology of TAO and a basis for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiahua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Yu Y, Lu S, Liu X, Li Y, Xu J. Identification and analysis of RNA-5-methylcytosine-related key genes in osteoarthritis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:539. [PMID: 37700248 PMCID: PMC10496305 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is widely associated with many biological and pathological processes. However, knowledge of m5C modification in osteoarthritis (OA) remains lacking. Thus, our study aimed to identify common m5C features in OA. RESULTS In the present study, we identified 1395 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 1673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation next-generation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing. A co-expression analysis of DMGs and DEGs showed that the expression of 133 genes was significantly affected by m5C methylation. A protein-protein interaction network of the 133 genes was constructed using the STRING database, and the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to hub genes were screen out 11 hub genes, including MMP14, VTN, COL15A1, COL6A2, SPARC, COL5A1, COL6A3, COL6A1, COL8A2, ADAMTS2 and COL7A1. The Pathway enrichment analysis by the ClueGO and CluePedia plugins in Cytoscape showed that the hub genes were significantly enriched in collagen degradation and extracellular matrix degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that m5C modification might play an important role in OA pathogenesis, and the present study provides worthwhile insight into identifying m5C-related therapeutic targets in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shitao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Kong Y, Yu J, Ge S, Fan X. Novel insight into RNA modifications in tumor immunity: Promising targets to prevent tumor immune escape. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100452. [PMID: 37485079 PMCID: PMC10362524 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunosuppressive state is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the dramatic success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in preventing tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, primary and acquired resistance have limited its clinical use. Notably, recent clinical trials have shown that epigenetic drugs can significantly improve the outcome of ICI therapy in various cancers, indicating the importance of epigenetic modifications in immune regulation of tumors. Recently, RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine [m6A], N1-methyladenosine [m1A], 5-methylcytosine [m5C], etc.), novel hotspot areas of epigenetic research, have been shown to play crucial roles in protumor and antitumor immunity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how m6A, m1A, and m5C function in tumor immunity by directly regulating different immune cells as well as indirectly regulating tumor cells through different mechanisms, including modulating the expression of immune checkpoints, inducing metabolic reprogramming, and affecting the secretion of immune-related factors. Finally, we discuss the current status of strategies targeting RNA modifications to prevent tumor immune escape, highlighting their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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12
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Wang YY, Tian Y, Li YZ, Liu YF, Zhao YY, Chen LH, Zhang C. The role of m5C methyltransferases in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225014. [PMID: 37476573 PMCID: PMC10354557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although advances in prevention and treatment have been made, the role of RNA epigenetics in CVD is not fully understood. Studies have found that RNA modifications regulate gene expression in mammalian cells, and m5C (5-methylcytosine) is a recently discovered RNA modification that plays a role in gene regulation. As a result of these developments, there has been renewed interest in elucidating the nature and function of RNA "epitranscriptomic" modifications. Recent studies on m5C RNA methylomes, their functions, and the proteins that initiate, translate and manipulate this modification are discussed in this review. This review improves the understanding of m5C modifications and their properties, functions, and implications in cardiac pathologies, including cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yue Wang
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Li
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- ResearchLaboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Chen ZB, He M, Li JYS, Shyy JYJ, Chien S. Epitranscriptional Regulation: From the Perspectives of Cardiovascular Bioengineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:157-184. [PMID: 36913673 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081922-021233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma of gene expression involves DNA transcription to RNA and RNA translation into protein. As key intermediaries and modifiers, RNAs undergo various forms of modifications such as methylation, pseudouridylation, deamination, and hydroxylation. These modifications, termed epitranscriptional regulations, lead to functional changes in RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for RNA modifications in gene translation, DNA damage response, and cell fate regulation. Epitranscriptional modifications play an essential role in development, mechanosensing, atherogenesis, and regeneration in the cardiovascular (CV) system, and their elucidation is critically important to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CV physiology and pathophysiology. This review aims at providing biomedical engineers with an overview of the epitranscriptome landscape, related key concepts, recent findings in epitranscriptional regulations, and tools for epitranscriptome analysis. The potential applications of this important field in biomedical engineering research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ming He
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Julie Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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14
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Ying S, Li P, Wang J, Chen K, Zou Y, Dai M, Xu K, Feng G, Zhang C, Jiang H, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou Q. tRF-Gln-CTG-026 ameliorates liver injury by alleviating global protein synthesis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:144. [PMID: 37015921 PMCID: PMC10073094 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs), as products of the stress response, exert considerable influence on stress response and injury regulation. However, it remains largely unclear whether tsRNAs can ameliorate liver injury. Here, we demonstrate the roles of tsRNAs in alleviating liver injury by utilizing the loss of NSun2 (NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2) as a tsRNAs-generating model. Mechanistically, the loss of NSun2 reduces methyluridine-U5 (m5U) and cytosine-C5 (m5C) of tRNAs, followed by the production of various tsRNAs, especially Class I tsRNAs (tRF-1s). Through further screening, we show that tRF-Gln-CTG-026 (tG026), the optimal tRF-1, ameliorates liver injury by repressing global protein synthesis through the weakened association between TSR1 (pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 homolog) and pre-40S ribosome. This study indicates the potential of tsRNA-reduced global protein synthesis in liver injury and repair, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kaiqiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Moyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
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15
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Zhang X, Centurion F, Misra A, Patel S, Gu Z. Molecularly targeted nanomedicine enabled by inorganic nanoparticles for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 194:114709. [PMID: 36690300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic cardiovascular disease caused by plaque development in arteries, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by the expression and regulation of key molecules such as cell surface receptors, cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins, potentially facilitating precise diagnosis and treatment on a molecular level by specifically targeting the characteristic molecules. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the past five years on developing molecularly targeted nanomedicine for imaging detection and treatment of atherosclerosis with the use of inorganic nanoparticles. Through targeted delivery of imaging contrast nanoparticles to specific molecules in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque development at different stages could be identified and monitored via various molecular imaging modalities. We also review molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches that target and regulate molecules associated with lipid regulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. The review is concluded with discussion on current challenges and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerotic diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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16
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Construction of a m5C-related long non-coding RNA signature for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Cell 2023; 36:712-724. [PMID: 36520346 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA modification serves as a kind of posttranscriptional modification. Besides N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine(m5C) is also an important RNA modification. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in tumor progression. Thus, we performed bioinformatic analysis to establish a m5C-related lncRNA signature(m5ClncSig) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The RNA sequencing data and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to conduct m5C-related genes and m5C-related lncRNAs co-expressing network. Univariate Cox regression was used to screen the m5C-related lncRNAs with prognosis value. LASSO regression was applied to establish m5ClncSig. Functional analysis including KEGG and GO were performed. The relation between m5ClncSig and immunity was assessed by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. RP11-498C9.15 was selected for in vitro validation. A m5ClncSig was established containing 8 lncRNAs with significantly prognosis value. According to risk score calculated by m5ClncSig, high-risk group had worse clinical outcomes than low-risk group. The risk score was validated as an independent prognosis factor. Moreover, the abundances of 11 types of immune cells were significantly different between high-risk group and low-risk group while 8 immune-related genes expressed differently between these two groups. RP11-498C9.15 was validated as a risk factor in HCC progression.
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17
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NSUN2 alleviates doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 36739432 PMCID: PMC9899217 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used antitumor drug, but its application has been limited because of its strong cardiac damage. This study aims to explore the role of NSUN2 in DOX-induced heart injury. C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/Kg DOX to induce heart injury. After 3 days, the cardiac function, cardiac histopathology, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression level of NSUN2 were detected. In vitro, H9C2 cells were transfected with NSUN2 siRNA or overexpressed lentivirus and then treated with 500 ng/ml DOX. After 24 h, the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and NSUN2 expression were detected. After DOX treatment, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the cardiac function decreased, the number of apoptotic cells increased, and the expression level of NSUN2 increased. Interfering the expression of NSUN2 by siRNA promoted DOX-induced heart injury, while overexpression of NSUN2 could inhibit DOX-induced heart injury. Further study showed that NSUN2 promoted antioxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf2 protein level. In addition, NSUN2 overexpression could increase the half-life of Nrf2 mRNA. m5C RNA methylation immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) also showed that the level of Nrf2 m5C mRNA was significantly increased in NSUN2 overexpressed group when compared to the GFP group. NSUN2 enhances the expression of Nrf2 by promoting Nrf2 mRNA m5C modification and enhances its antioxidative stress effect to alleviate DOX-induced myocardial injury.
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18
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Komal S, Han SN, Cui LG, Zhai MM, Zhou YJ, Wang P, Shakeel M, Zhang LR. Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:141. [PMID: 37259293 PMCID: PMC9963081 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The increased prevalence rate and mortality due to CVDs, despite the development of several approaches for prevention and treatment, are alarming trends in global health. Chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration are key regulators of the initiation and progression of CVDs. Recent data suggest that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and RNA modifications, regulate cell development, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, immunity, calcium signaling, and aging in cardiomyocytes; and are involved in macrophage polarization and contribute significantly to cardiac disease development. Cardiac macrophages not only trigger damaging inflammatory responses during atherosclerotic plaque formation, myocardial injury, and heart failure but are also involved in tissue repair, remodeling, and regeneration. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic modifications that influence macrophage polarization and contribute to the pathophysiology of CVDs, and highlight their potential for the development of advanced epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liu-Gen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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19
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Balachander K, Priyadharsini JV, Roy A, Paramasivam A. Emerging Role of RNA m5C Modification in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10336-8. [PMID: 36318418 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomics is the emerging field of research that comprises the study of epigenetics changes in RNAs. Progressing development in the field of epigenetics has helped to manage and comprehend human diseases. RNA methylation regulates all aspects of RNA functions, which are involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Interestingly, RNA m5C methylation is significantly linked to various types of human disease, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The m5C methylation is controlled by m5C regulatory proteins, which act as methyltransferase, demethyltransferase, and RNA-binding protein. Dysregulated expression in m5C regulatory proteins is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease, and these regulatory proteins have crucial roles in biological and cellular functions. This review is mainly focused on the role of RNA m5C modification in CVD and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, m5C will contribute to discovering the new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Balachander
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arumugam Paramasivam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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20
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Zha L, Wang J, Cheng X. The effects of
RNA
methylation on immune cells development and function. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22552. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200716r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Feng Zha
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Jing‐Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases Wuhan China
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21
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Zhao K, Mao Y, Li Y, Yang C, Wang K, Zhang J. The roles and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in pathological myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952949. [PMID: 36093141 PMCID: PMC9458904 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological myocardial remodeling was still one of the leading causes of death worldwide with an unmet therapeutic need. A growing number of researchers have addressed the role of epigenome changes in cardiovascular diseases, paving the way for the clinical application of novel cardiovascular-related epigenetic targets in the future. In this review, we summarized the emerged advances of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, Histone posttranslational modification, Adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling, Non-coding RNA, and RNA modification, in pathological myocardial remodeling. Also, we provided an overview of the mechanisms that potentially involve the participation of these epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Kai Wang
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang
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22
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Luo G, Xu W, Chen X, Wang S, Wang J, Dong F, Hu DN, Reinach PS, Yan D. NSUN2-mediated RNA m 5C modification modulates uveal melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Epigenetics 2022; 17:922-933. [PMID: 35757999 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2088047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a widespread post-transcriptional modification involved in diverse biological processes through controlling RNA metabolism. However, its roles in uveal melanoma (UM) remain unknown. Here, we describe the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of RNA m5C in UM. Initially, we identified significantly elevated global RNA m5C levels in both UM cells and tissue specimens using ELISA assay and dot blot analysis. Meanwhile, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) was upregulated in both types of these samples, whereas NSUN2 knockdown significantly decreased RNA m5C level. Such declines inhibited UM cell migration and suppressed cell proliferation through cell cycle G1 arrest. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses, m5C-RIP-qPCR, and luciferase assay identified β-Catenin (CTNNB1) as a direct target of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification in UM cells. Additionally, overexpression of miR-124a in UM cells diminished NSUN2 expression levels indicating that it is an upstream regulator of this response. Our study suggests that NSUN2-mediated RNA m5C methylation provides a potential novel target to improve the therapeutic management of UM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Luo
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Tissue Culture Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Li M, Tao Z, Zhao Y, Li L, Zheng J, Li Z, Chen X. 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferases and their potential roles in cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:214. [PMID: 35562754 PMCID: PMC9102922 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification has emerged as a key player in regulating RNA metabolism and function through coding as well as non-coding RNAs. Accumulating evidence has shown that m5C modulates the stability, translation, transcription, nuclear export, and cleavage of RNAs to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress responses, and other biological functions. In humans, m5C RNA modification is catalyzed by the NOL1/NOP2/sun (NSUN) family and DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2). These RNA modifiers regulate the expression of multiple oncogenes such as fizzy-related-1, forkhead box protein C2, Grb associated-binding protein 2, and TEA domain transcription factor 1, facilitating the pathogenesis and progression of cancers. Furthermore, the aberrant expression of methyltransferases have been identified in various cancers and used to predict the prognosis of patients. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of m5C RNA methyltransferases. We specifically highlight the potential mechanism of action of m5C in cancer. Finally, we discuss the prospect of m5C-relative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Tao
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Liu J, Huang T, Chen W, Ding C, Zhao T, Zhao X, Cai B, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang L, Xue M, He X, Ge W, Zhou C, Xu Y, Zhang R. Developmental mRNA m 5C landscape and regulatory innovations of massive m 5C modification of maternal mRNAs in animals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2484. [PMID: 35513466 PMCID: PMC9072368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
m5C is one of the longest-known RNA modifications, however, its developmental dynamics, functions, and evolution in mRNAs remain largely unknown. Here, we generate quantitative mRNA m5C maps at different stages of development in 6 vertebrate and invertebrate species and find convergent and unexpected massive methylation of maternal mRNAs mediated by NSUN2 and NSUN6. Using Drosophila as a model, we reveal that embryos lacking maternal mRNA m5C undergo cell cycle delays and fail to timely initiate maternal-to-zygotic transition, implying the functional importance of maternal mRNA m5C. From invertebrates to the lineage leading to humans, two waves of m5C regulatory innovations are observed: higher animals gain cis-directed NSUN2-mediated m5C sites at the 5' end of the mRNAs, accompanied by the emergence of more structured 5'UTR regions; humans gain thousands of trans-directed NSUN6-mediated m5C sites enriched in genes regulating the mitotic cell cycle. Collectively, our studies highlight the existence and regulatory innovations of a mechanism of early embryonic development and provide key resources for elucidating the role of mRNA m5C in biology and disease. mRNAs are known to be decorated with m5C at a low-to-medium level. Here, the authors generate atlases of mRNA m5C during animal development in 6 species and identify convergent and unexpected massive methylation of maternal mRNAs by NSUN2 and NSUN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wanying Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenhui Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianxuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueni Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Maoguang Xue
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiuju He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China. .,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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25
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Fan ZX, Yang J. NSUN2/p53 signaling axis: A potential mechanism for treating aging-associated heart diseases. Int J Cardiol 2022; 359:114. [PMID: 35398236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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26
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Song H, Zhang J, Liu B, Xu J, Cai B, Yang H, Straube J, Yu X, Ma T. Biological roles of RNA m 5C modification and its implications in Cancer immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 35365216 PMCID: PMC8973801 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics including DNA and RNA modifications have always been the hotspot field of life sciences in the post-genome era. Since the first mapping of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and the discovery of its widespread presence in mRNA, there are at least 160-170 RNA modifications have been discovered. These methylations occur in different RNA types, and their distribution is species-specific. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) has been found in mRNA, rRNA and tRNA of representative organisms from all kinds of species. As reversible epigenetic modifications, m5C modifications of RNA affect the fate of the modified RNA molecules and play important roles in various biological processes including RNA stability control, protein synthesis, and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, accumulative evidence also implicates the role of RNA m5C in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the latest progresses in the biological roles of m5C modifications and how it is regulated by corresponding "writers", "readers" and "erasers" proteins, as well as the potential molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Biao Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Straube
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
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27
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Hou M, Wei Y, Zhao Z, Han W, Zhou R, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Yin L. Immuno-Engineered Nanodecoys for the Multi-Target Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108817. [PMID: 35044010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overactivated T cells and overproduced pro-inflammatory cytokines form a self-amplified signaling loop to continuously exacerbate the dysregulated inflammatory response and propel the progression of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Herein, immuno-engineered nanodecoys (NDs) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles coated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing macrophage membrane (PRM) are developed to mediate multi-target interruption of the self-promoted inflammatory cascade in AIDs. The PRM collected from IFN-γ-treated RAW 264.7 cells possesses elevated surface levels of adhesion molecule receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, and, thus, systemically administered PRM NDs afford higher accumulation level in inflamed tissues and stronger scavenging efficiency toward multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, IFN-γ treatment induces remarkable PD-L1 expression on PRM, thereby allowing PRM NDs to bind membrane-bound programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD4+ T cell surfaces or neutralize free soluble PD-1, which reconstructs the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory axis to suppress CD4+ T cell activation and restore immune tolerance. As such, PRM NDs provoke potent and cooperative anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive efficacies to alleviate autoimmune damages in Zymosan A-induced arthritis mice and dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mice. This study provides an enlightened example for the immuno-engineering of cell-membrane-based NDs, rendering promising implications into the treatment of AIDs via multi-target immune-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenqing Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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28
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Ma X, Deng J, Han L, Song Y, Miao Y, Du X, Dang G, Yang D, Zhong B, Jiang C, Kong W, Xu Q, Feng J, Wang X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cell-T cell interactions in vascular adventitia of hyperhomocysteinemia-accelerated atherosclerosis. Protein Cell 2022; 13:540-547. [PMID: 35175542 PMCID: PMC9226200 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Center of Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutong Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guohui Dang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongmin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bitao Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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29
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Leptidis S, Papakonstantinou E, Diakou KI, Pierouli K, Mitsis T, Dragoumani K, Bacopoulou F, Sanoudou D, Chrousos GP, Vlachakis D. Epitranscriptomics of cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:9. [PMID: 34791505 PMCID: PMC8651226 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications have recently become the focus of attention due to their extensive regulatory effects in a vast array of cellular networks and signaling pathways. Just as epigenetics is responsible for the imprinting of environmental conditions on a genetic level, epitranscriptomics follows the same principle at the RNA level, but in a more dynamic and sensitive manner. Nevertheless, its impact in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains largely unexplored. CVD and its associated pathologies remain the leading cause of death in Western populations due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart. As such, maintenance of cardiac homeostasis is paramount for its physiological function and its capacity to respond to environmental stimuli. In this context, epitranscriptomic modifications offer a novel and promising therapeutic avenue, based on the fine‑tuning of regulatory cascades, necessary for cardiac function. This review aimed to provide an overview of the most recent findings of key epitranscriptomic modifications in both coding and non‑coding RNAs. Additionally, the methods used for their detection and important associations with genetic variations in the context of CVD were summarized. Current knowledge on cardiac epitranscriptomics, albeit limited still, indicates that the impact of epitranscriptomic editing in the heart, in both physiological and pathological conditions, holds untapped potential for the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches in a dynamic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Leptidis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Io Diakou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Pierouli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Thanasis Mitsis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Medical School, 'Attikon' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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30
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Guo G, Pan K, Fang S, Ye L, Tong X, Wang Z, Xue X, Zhang H. Advances in mRNA 5-methylcytosine modifications: Detection, effectors, biological functions, and clinical relevance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:575-593. [PMID: 34631286 PMCID: PMC8479277 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) post-transcriptional modifications affect the maturation, stability, and translation of the mRNA molecule. These modifications play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including stress response, tumorigenesis, tumor cell migration, embryogenesis, and viral replication. Recently, there has been a better understanding of the biological implications of m5C modification owing to the rapid development and optimization of detection technologies, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-BisSeq. Further, predictive models (such as PEA-m5C, m5C-PseDNC, and DeepMRMP) for the identification of potential m5C modification sites have also emerged. In this review, we summarize the current experimental detection methods and predictive models for mRNA m5C modifications, focusing on their advantages and limitations. We systematically surveyed the latest research on the effectors related to mRNA m5C modifications and their biological functions in multiple species. Finally, we discuss the physiological effects and pathological significance of m5C modifications in multiple diseases, as well as their therapeutic potential, thereby providing new perspectives for disease treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Guo
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kan Pan
- First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Fang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lele Ye
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Tong
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhai CT, Tian YC, Tang ZX, Shao LJ. RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating fizzy-related-1 in vitro and in vivo. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:991-999. [PMID: 34370374 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of NSUN2 (NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase Family Member 2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of NSUN2 and FZR1 were measured. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. HCC xenograft in nude mouse model was established. Tumor weight and volume were examined. Tumor tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). TCGA database analysis and clinical sample testing suggested that the transcript levels of NSUN2 and FZR1 were increased in HCC tissues. NSUN2 knockdown inhibited HCC cell viability and proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of NSUN2 could be countered by overexpressing FZR1. In animal experiment, NSUN2 silencing suppressed tumor growth in nude mice by downregulating FZR1. In conclusion, NSUN2 has a regulatory effect on HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. NSUN2 knockout could inhibit cellular processes in HCC and tumor growth, likely via FZR1 inhibition. This finding has not only revealed the role of NSUN2 in HCC growth, but also suggests a promising target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medcial University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medcial University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long-Jiang Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medcial University, Jiangsu Province, China
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32
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Thompson MG, Sacco MT, Horner SM. How RNA modifications regulate the antiviral response. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:169-180. [PMID: 34405413 PMCID: PMC8616813 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of the antiviral innate immune response is highly regulated at the RNA level, particularly by RNA modifications. Recent discoveries have revealed how RNA modifications play key roles in cellular surveillance of nucleic acids and in controlling gene expression in response to viral infection. These modifications have emerged as being essential for a functional antiviral response and maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will highlight these and other discoveries that describe how the antiviral response is controlled by modifications to both viral and cellular RNA, focusing on how mRNA cap modifications, N6-methyladenosine, and RNA editing all contribute to coordinating an efficient response that properly controls viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew T Sacco
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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33
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Singh M, Thakur M, Mishra M, Yadav M, Vibhuti R, Menon AM, Nagda G, Dwivedi VP, Dakal TC, Yadav V. Gene regulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1): A molecule with multiple functions. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:123-136. [PMID: 34715236 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is one of the most extensively studied inducible cell adhesion molecules which is responsible for several immune functions like T cell activation, extravasation, inflammation, etc. The molecule is constitutively expressed over the cell surface and is regulated up / down in response to inflammatory mediators like cellular stress, proinflammatory cytokines, viral infection. These stimuli modulate the expression of ICAM-1 primarily through regulating the ICAM-1 gene transcription. On account of the presence of various binding sites for NF-κB, AP-1, SP-1, and many other transcription factors, the architecture of the ICAM-1 promoter become complex. Transcription factors in union with other transcription factors, coactivators, and suppressors promote their assembly in a stereospecific manner on ICAM-1 promoter which mediates ICAM-1 regulation in response to different stimuli. Along with transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications also play a pivotal role in controlling ICAM-1 expression on different cell types. In this review, we summarize the regulation of ICAM-1 expression both at the transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional level with an emphasis on transcription factors and signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
| | - Manish Mishra
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036 India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036 India
| | - Rajkamal Vibhuti
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
| | - Athira M Menon
- Genome and computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Girima Nagda
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001 India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
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34
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Su J, Wu G, Ye Y, Zhang J, Zeng L, Huang X, Zheng Y, Bai R, Zhuang L, Li M, Pan L, Deng J, Li R, Deng S, Zhang S, Zuo Z, Liu Z, Lin J, Lin D, Zheng J. NSUN2-mediated RNA 5-methylcytosine promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via LIN28B-dependent GRB2 mRNA stabilization. Oncogene 2021; 40:5814-5828. [PMID: 34345012 PMCID: PMC8484015 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a posttranscriptional RNA modification participating in many critical bioprocesses, but its functions in human cancer remain unclear. Here, by detecting the transcriptome-wide m5C profiling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we showed increased m5C methylation in ESCC tumors due to the overexpressed m5C methyltransferase NSUN2. Aberrant expression of NSUN2 was positively regulated by E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1). High NSUN2 levels predicted poor survival of ESCC patients. Moreover, silencing NSUN2 suppressed ESCC tumorigenesis and progression in Nsun2 knockout mouse models. Mechanistically, NSUN2 induced m5C modification of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) and stabilized its mRNA, which was mediated by a novel m5C mediator, protein lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B). Elevated GRB2 levels increased the activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signalling. These results demonstrate that NSUN2 enhances the initiation and progression of ESCC via m5C-LIN28B dependent stabilization of GRB2 transcript, providing a promising epitranscriptomic-targeted therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junge Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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35
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Wu Y, Zhan S, Xu Y, Gao X. RNA modifications in cardiovascular diseases, the potential therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2021; 278:119565. [PMID: 33965380 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
More than one hundred RNA modifications decorate the chemical and topological properties of these ribose nucleotides, thereby executing their biological functions through post-transcriptional regulation. In cardiovascular diseases, a wide range of RNA modifications including m6A (N6-adenosine methylation), m5C (5-methylcytidin), Nm (2'-O-ribose-methylation), Ψ (pseudouridine), m7G (N7-methylguanosine), and m1A (N1-adenosine methylation) have been found in tRNA, rRNA, mRNA and other noncoding RNA, which can function as a novel mechanism in metabolic syndrome, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the regulatory roles and significance of several types of RNA modifications in CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) and the interplay between RNA modifications and noncoding RNA, epigenetics. Finally, we will focus on the potential therapeutic strategies by using RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyao Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Potential regulatory role of epigenetic RNA methylation in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111376. [PMID: 33588266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. To date, several approaches have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. However, the increased risk of developing cardiovascular events that result in hospitalization has become a growing public health concern. The pathogenesis of CVDs has been analyzed from various perspectives. Recent data suggest that regulatory RNAs play a multidimensional role in the development of CVDs. Studies have identified several mRNA modifications that have contributed to the functional characterization of various cardiac diseases. RNA methylation, such as N6-methyladenosine, N1-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N7-methylguanosine, N4-acetylcytidine, and 2'-O-methylation are novel epigenetic modifications that affect the regulation of cell growth, immunity, DNA damage, calcium signaling, apoptosis, and aging in cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the role of RNA methylation in the pathophysiology of CVDs and the potential of using epigenetics to treat such disorders.
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37
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Miao Y, Zhao Y, Han L, Ma X, Deng J, Yang J, Lü S, Shao F, Kong W, Wang W, Xu Q, Wang X, Feng J. NSun2 regulates aneurysm formation by promoting autotaxin expression and T cell recruitment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1709-1727. [PMID: 32734582 PMCID: PMC11073013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and aggravated by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). It is unknown whether the homocysteine (Hcy)-activated RNA methyltransferase NOP2/Sun domain family member 2 (NSun2) is associated with AAA. Here, we found that NSun2 deficiency significantly attenuated elastase-induced and HHcy-aggravated murine AAA with decreased T cell infiltration in the vessel walls. T cell labeling and adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that NSun2 deficiency inhibited the chemotaxis of vessels to T cells. RNA sequencing of endothelial cells showed that Hcy induced the accumulation of various metabolic enzymes of the phospholipid PC-LPC-LPA metabolic pathway, especially autotaxin (ATX). In the elastase-induced mouse model of AAA, ATX was specifically expressed in the endothelium and the plasma ATX concentration was upregulated and even higher in the HHcy group, which were decreased dramatically by NSun2 knockdown. In vitro Transwell experiments showed that ATX dose-dependently promoted T cell migration. HHcy may upregulate endothelial ATX expression and secretion and in turn recruit T cells into the vessel walls to induce vascular inflammation and consequently accelerate the pathogenesis of AAA. Mechanistically, secreted ATX interacted with T cells by binding to integrin α4, which subsequently activated downstream FAK/Src-RhoA signaling pathways and then induced T cell chemokinesis and adhesion. ATX overexpression in the vessel walls reversed the inhibited development of AAA in the NSun2-deficient mice. Therefore, NSun2 mediates the development of HHcy-aggravated AAA primarily by increasing endothelial ATX expression, secretion and T cell migration, which is a novel mechanism for HHcy-aggravated vascular inflammation and pathogenesis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Center for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Silin Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyu Shao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Center for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Fang L, Wang W, Li G, Zhang L, Li J, Gan D, Yang J, Tang Y, Ding Z, Zhang M, Zhang W, Deng D, Song Z, Zhu Q, Cui H, Hu Y, Chen W. CIGAR-seq, a CRISPR/Cas-based method for unbiased screening of novel mRNA modification regulators. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e10025. [PMID: 33251765 PMCID: PMC7701898 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular RNA is decorated with over 170 types of chemical modifications. Many modifications in mRNA, including m6 A and m5 C, have been associated with critical cellular functions under physiological and/or pathological conditions. To understand the biological functions of these modifications, it is vital to identify the regulators that modulate the modification rate. However, a high-throughput method for unbiased screening of these regulators is so far lacking. Here, we report such a method combining pooled CRISPR screen and reporters with RNA modification readout, termed CRISPR integrated gRNA and reporter sequencing (CIGAR-seq). Using CIGAR-seq, we discovered NSUN6 as a novel mRNA m5 C methyltransferase. Subsequent mRNA bisulfite sequencing in HAP1 cells without or with NSUN6 and/or NSUN2 knockout showed that NSUN6 and NSUN2 worked on non-overlapping subsets of mRNA m5 C sites and together contributed to almost all the m5 C modification in mRNA. Finally, using m1 A as an example, we demonstrated that CIGAR-seq can be easily adapted for identifying regulators of other mRNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guipeng Li
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Diwen Gan
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yisen Tang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zewen Ding
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Daqi Deng
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Qionghua Zhu
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
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39
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RNA binding proteins: Linking mechanotransduction and tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 496:30-40. [PMID: 33007411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the leading cellular process that mammalian cells adopted to receive and respond to various mechanical cues from their local microenvironment. Increasing evidence suggests that mechano-transduction is involved in many physiological and disease conditions, ranging from early embryonic development, organogenesis, to a variety of human diseases including cancer. Mechanotransduction is mediated through several classes of senor proteins on the cell surface, intracellular signaling mediators, and core transcriptional regulation networks. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulating mechanotransduction and their association with cancer metastasis has received much attention in recent years. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a special group of nucleic acid interacting factors that participate in many important cellular processes. In this review, we would like to summarize recent research progresses in understanding the role of RBPs-mediated regulation in mechanotransduction and cancer metastasis. Those intriguing findings will provide novel insights for the disease and guide the potential development of new therapeutic approaches.
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40
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Russell-Hallinan A, Watson CJ, O'Dwyer D, Grieve DJ, O'Neill KM. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell Function by Nucleic Acid Methylation in Cardiac Homeostasis and Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:1025-1044. [PMID: 32748033 PMCID: PMC8452583 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological remodelling of the myocardium, including inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy, in response to acute or chronic injury is central in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). While both resident and infiltrating cardiac cells are implicated in these pathophysiological processes, recent evidence has suggested that endothelial cells (ECs) may be the principal cell type responsible for orchestrating pathological changes in the failing heart. Epigenetic modification of nucleic acids, including DNA, and more recently RNA, by methylation is essential for physiological development due to their critical regulation of cellular gene expression. As accumulating evidence has highlighted altered patterns of DNA and RNA methylation in HF at both the global and individual gene levels, much effort has been directed towards defining the precise role of such cell-specific epigenetic changes in the context of HF. Considering the increasingly apparent crucial role that ECs play in cardiac homeostasis and disease, this article will specifically focus on nucleic acid methylation (both DNA and RNA) in the failing heart, emphasising the key influence of these epigenetic mechanisms in governing EC function. This review summarises current understanding of DNA and RNA methylation alterations in HF, along with their specific role in regulating EC function in response to stress (e.g. hyperglycaemia, hypoxia). Improved appreciation of this important research area will aid in further implicating dysfunctional ECs in HF pathogenesis, whilst informing development of EC-targeted strategies and advancing potential translation of epigenetic-based therapies for specific targeting of pathological cardiac remodelling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Russell-Hallinan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris J Watson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Denis O'Dwyer
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karla M O'Neill
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Chellamuthu A, Gray SG. The RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2 and Its Potential Roles in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081758. [PMID: 32708015 PMCID: PMC7463552 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Chellamuthu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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42
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Shi H, Chai P, Jia R, Fan X. Novel insight into the regulatory roles of diverse RNA modifications: Re-defining the bridge between transcription and translation. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:78. [PMID: 32303268 PMCID: PMC7164178 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications can be added or removed by a variety of enzymes that catalyse the necessary reactions, and these modifications play roles in essential molecular mechanisms. The prevalent modifications on mRNA include N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), pseudouridine (Ψ), inosine (I), uridine (U) and ribosemethylation (2’-O-Me). Most of these modifications contribute to pre-mRNA splicing, nuclear export, transcript stability and translation initiation in eukaryotic cells. By participating in various physiological processes, RNA modifications also have regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of tumour and non-tumour diseases. We discussed the physiological roles of RNA modifications and associated these roles with disease pathogenesis. Functioning as the bridge between transcription and translation, RNA modifications are vital for the progression of numerous diseases and can even regulate the fate of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Zhu C, Sun B, Nie A, Zhou Z. The tRNA-associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13391. [PMID: 31529760 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA), often considered as a housekeeping molecule, mainly participates in protein translation by transporting amino acids to the ribosome. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence has shown that tRNAs are closely related to various physiological and pathological processes. The proper functioning of the immune system is the key to human health. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationships between tRNAs and the immune system. We detail the biogenesis and structure of tRNAs and summarize the pathogen tRNA-mediated infection and host responses. In addition, we address recent advances in different aspects of tRNA-associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases, such as tRNA molecules, tRNA modifications, tRNA derivatives and tRNA aminoacylation. Therefore, tRNAs play an important role in immune regulation. Although our knowledge of tRNAs in the context of immunity remains, for the most part, unknown, this field deserves in-depth research to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Central South University Changsha China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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44
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Epigenetic Signaling and RNA Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020509. [PMID: 31941147 PMCID: PMC7014325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA epigenetics is perhaps the most recent field of interest for translational epigeneticists. RNA modifications create such an extensive network of epigenetically driven combinations whose role in physiology and pathophysiology is still far from being elucidated. Not surprisingly, some of the players determining changes in RNA structure are in common with those involved in DNA and chromatin structure regulation, while other molecules seem very specific to RNA. It is envisaged, then, that new small molecules, acting selectively on RNA epigenetic changes, will be reported soon, opening new therapeutic interventions based on the correction of the RNA epigenetic landscape. In this review, we shall summarize some aspects of RNA epigenetics limited to those in which the potential clinical translatability to cardiovascular disease is emerging.
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45
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Rashad S, Han X, Saqr K, Tupin S, Ohta M, Niizuma K, Tominaga T. Epigenetic response of endothelial cells to different wall shear stress magnitudes: A report of new mechano-miRNAs. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7827-7839. [PMID: 31912899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) respond to flow stress via a variety of mechanisms, leading to various intracellular responses that can modulate the vessel wall and lead to diseases if the flow is disturbed. Mechano-microRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of miRNAs in the ECs that are flow responsive. Mechano-miRNAs were shown to be related to atherosclerosis pathophysiology, and a number of them were identified as pathologic. Here, we exposed human carotid ECs to different wall shear stresses (WSS), high and low, and evaluated the response of miRNAs by microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. We discovered five new mechano-miRNAs that were not reported in that context previously to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, functional pathway analysis revealed that under low WSS conditions, several pathways regulating apoptosis are affected. In addition, KLF2 and KLF4, known atheroprotective genes, were downregulated under low WSS and upregulated under high WSS. KLF2 and VCAM1, both angiogenic, were upregulated under high WSS. NOS3, which is vascular protective, was also upregulated with higher WSS. On the contrary, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, both atherogenic and proinflammatory, were upregulated with high WSS. Collectively, the epigenetic landscape with the gene expression analysis reveals that low WSS is associated with a proapoptotic state, while high WSS is associated with a proliferative and proinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Khalid Saqr
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Simon Tupin
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Shen W, Gao C, Cueto R, Liu L, Fu H, Shao Y, Yang WY, Fang P, Choi ET, Wu Q, Yang X, Wang H. Homocysteine-methionine cycle is a metabolic sensor system controlling methylation-regulated pathological signaling. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101322. [PMID: 31605963 PMCID: PMC6812029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine-Methionine (HM) cycle produces universal methyl group donor S-adenosylmethione (SAM), methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and homocysteine (Hcy). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other degenerative disease. We selected 115 genes in the extended HM cycle (31 metabolic enzymes and 84 methyltransferases), examined their protein subcellular location/partner protein, investigated their mRNA levels and mapped their corresponding histone methylation status in 35 disease conditions via mining a set of public databases and intensive literature research. We have 6 major findings. 1) All HM metabolic enzymes are located only in the cytosol except for cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), which was identified in both cytosol and nucleus. 2) Eight disease conditions encountered only histone hypomethylation on 8 histone residues (H3R2/K4/R8/K9/K27/K36/K79 and H4R3). Nine disease conditions had only histone hypermethylation on 8 histone residues (H3R2/K4/K9/K27/K36/K79 and H4R3/K20). 3) We classified 9 disease types with differential HM cycle expression pattern. Eleven disease conditions presented most 4 HM cycle pathway suppression. 4) Three disease conditions had all 4 HM cycle pathway suppression and only histone hypomethylation on H3R2/K4/R8/K9/K36 and H4R3. 5) Eleven HM cycle metabolic enzymes interact with 955 proteins. 6) Five paired HM cycle proteins interact with each other. We conclude that HM cycle is a key metabolic sensor system which mediates receptor-independent metabolism-associated danger signal recognition and modulates SAM/SAH-dependent methylation in disease conditions and that hypomethylation on frequently modified histone residues is a key mechanism for metabolic disorders, autoimmune disease and CVD. We propose that HM metabolism takes place in the cytosol, that nuclear methylation equilibration requires a nuclear-cytosol transfer of SAM/SAH/Hcy, and that Hcy clearance is essential for genetic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lu L, Gaffney SG, Cannataro VL, Townsend J. Transfer RNA methyltransferase gene NSUN2 mRNA expression modifies the effect of T cell activation score on patient survival in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2019; 101:104554. [PMID: 31887619 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how T-cell activation interacts with NSUN2 to influence HNSCC patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relationships between T-cell activation status (Activation, Intermediate, and Exhaustion), NSUN2 expression, and patient survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models in a public dataset with 520 HNSCC patients. HPV status was determined based on a VirusScan analysis of RNA-seq data. RESULTS Among the patients with high NSUN2 expression, the Activation group exhibited longer survival than the Exhaustion group (trend P = 0.056). Adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.49-1.19) for the Intermediate vs Exhaustion, and 0.61 (0.36-1.03) for Activation vs. Exhaustion. In contrast, there is a positive association between T-cell activation score and mortality in the patients with low NSUN2 expression (trend P = 0.016). The adjusted HRs were 1.97 (1.12-3.47) for the Intermediate vs Exhaustion, and 2.06 (1.16-3.68) for the Activation vs Exhaustion. In multivariate cox models with or without HPV status, the interaction between T-cell activation status and NSUN2 expression was statistically significant (P = 0.004 for with HPV status, and P = 0.002 for without, respectively). When not controlling for NSUN2 expression, there was no significant association between T-cell activation score and patient mortality (P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS An interaction between NSUN2 expression and T-cell activation status affects patient survival in HNSCC regardless of HPV status, suggesting that NSUN2 is a potential precision marker for immune-checkpoint blockade, and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Stephen G Gaffney
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Vincent L Cannataro
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jeffrey Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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48
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Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive decline in cardiovascular structure and function. Accumulating evidence links cardiovascular aging to epigenetic alterations encompassing a complex interplay of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and dynamic nucleosome occupancy governed by numerous epigenetic factors. Advances in genomics technology have led to a profound understanding of chromatin reorganization in both cardiovascular aging and diseases. This review summarizes recent discoveries in epigenetic mechanisms involved in cardiovascular aging and diseases and discusses potential therapeutic strategies to retard cardiovascular aging and conquer related diseases through the rejuvenation of epigenetic signatures to a young state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- From the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (W.Z., G.-H.L.).,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (W.Z., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.)
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology (M.S.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.)
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology (J.Q.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.)
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- From the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (W.Z., G.-H.L.).,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (W.Z., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (W.Z., M.S., J.Q., G.-H.L.)
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Kuznetsova SA, Petrukov KS, Pletnev FI, Sergiev PV, Dontsova OA. RNA (C5-cytosine) Methyltransferases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:851-869. [PMID: 31522668 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes the data on pro- and eukaryotic RNA (C5-cytosine) methyltransferases. The structure, intracellular location, RNA targets, and catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, as well as the functional role of methylated cytosine residues in RNA are presented. The functions of RNA (C5-cytosine) methyltransferases unassociated with their methylation activity are discussed. Special attention is given to the similarities and differences in the structures and mechanisms of action of RNA and DNA methyltransferases. The data on the association of mutations in the RNA (C5-cytosine) methyltransferases genes and human diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kuznetsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - K S Petrukov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - F I Pletnev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 121205, Moscow Region, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - P V Sergiev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Functional Genomics, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 121205, Moscow Region, Russia.,Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - O A Dontsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 121205, Moscow Region, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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50
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Genome-wide identification of mRNA 5-methylcytosine in mammals. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:380-388. [PMID: 31061524 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and systematic transcriptome-wide detection of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) has proved challenging, and there are conflicting views about the prevalence of this modification in mRNAs. Here we report an experimental and computational framework that robustly identified mRNA m5C sites and determined sequence motifs and structural features associated with the modification using a set of high-confidence sites. We developed a quantitative atlas of RNA m5C sites in human and mouse tissues based on our framework. In a given tissue, we typically identified several hundred exonic m5C sites. About 62-70% of the sites had low methylation levels (<20% methylation), while 8-10% of the sites were moderately or highly methylated (>40% methylation). Cross-species analysis revealed that species, rather than tissue type, was the primary determinant of methylation levels, indicating strong cis-directed regulation of RNA methylation. Combined, these data provide a valuable resource for identifying the regulation and functions of RNA methylation.
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