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Liang G, Lv XF, Huang W, Jin YJ, Roquid KA, Kawase H, Offermanns S. Loss of Smooth Muscle Tenascin-X Inhibits Vascular Remodeling Through Increased TGF-β Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1748-1763. [PMID: 38934115 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.321067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are highly plastic. Vessel injury induces a phenotypic transformation from differentiated to dedifferentiated VSMCs, which involves reduced expression of contractile proteins and increased production of extracellular matrix and inflammatory cytokines. This transition plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic aneurysm. TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is critical for VSMC differentiation and to counterbalance the effect of dedifferentiating factors. However, the mechanisms controlling TGF-β activity and VSMC phenotypic regulation under in vivo conditions are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix protein TN-X (tenascin-X) has recently been shown to bind TGF-β and to prevent it from activating its receptor. METHODS We studied the role of TN-X in VSMCs in various murine disease models using tamoxifen-inducible SMC-specific knockout and adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown. RESULTS In hypertensive and high-fat diet-fed mice, after carotid artery ligation as well as in human aneurysmal aortae, expression of Tnxb, the gene encoding TN-X, was increased in VSMCs. Mice with smooth muscle cell-specific loss of TN-X (SMC-Tnxb-KO) showed increased TGF-β signaling in VSMCs, as well as upregulated expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes during vascular remodeling compared with controls. SMC-specific TN-X deficiency decreased neointima formation after carotid artery ligation and reduced vessel wall thickening during Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension. SMC-Tnxb-KO mice lacking ApoE showed reduced atherosclerosis and Ang II-induced aneurysm formation under high-fat diet. Adeno-associated virus-mediated SMC-specific expression of short hairpin RNA against Tnxb showed similar beneficial effects. Treatment with an anti-TGF-β antibody or additional SMC-specific loss of the TGF-β receptor reverted the effects of SMC-specific TN-X deficiency. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TN-X critically regulates VSMC plasticity during vascular injury by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Our data indicate that inhibition of vascular smooth muscle TN-X may represent a strategy to prevent and treat pathological vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Vascular Remodeling
- Tenascin/metabolism
- Tenascin/genetics
- Tenascin/deficiency
- Humans
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm/prevention & control
- Neointima
- Mice, Knockout
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Angiotensin II
- Phenotype
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.-F.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
| | - Kenneth Anthony Roquid
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
| | - Haruya Kawase
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (G.L., X.-F.L., W.H., Y.-J.J., K.A.R., H.K., S.O.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
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2
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Totoń-Żurańska J, Mikolajczyk TP, Saju B, Guzik TJ. Vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, oxidation, and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:817-850. [PMID: 38920058 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optimal vascular structure and function are essential for maintaining the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Vascular remodelling involves changes in vessel structure, including its size, shape, cellular and molecular composition. These changes result from multiple risk factors and may be compensatory adaptations to sustain blood vessel function. They occur in diverse cardiovascular pathologies, from hypertension to heart failure and atherosclerosis. Dynamic changes in the endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes or other vascular wall cells underlie remodelling. In addition, immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, may infiltrate vessels and initiate inflammatory signalling. They contribute to a dynamic interplay between cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganisation, all critical mechanisms of vascular remodelling. Molecular pathways underlying these processes include growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), reactive oxygen species, and signalling pathways, such as Rho/ROCK, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad, related to nitric oxide and superoxide biology. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression in vascular remodelling. We evaluate these pathways for potential therapeutic targeting from a clinical translational perspective. In summary, vascular remodelling, a coordinated modification of vascular structure and function, is crucial in cardiovascular disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
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3
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Franklin MK, Sawada H, Ito S, Howatt DA, Amioka N, Liang CL, Zhang N, Graf DB, Moorleghen JJ, Katsumata Y, Lu HS, Daugherty A. β-Aminopropionitrile Induces Distinct Pathologies in the Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Regions of Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1555-1569. [PMID: 38779856 PMCID: PMC11209774 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a pharmacological inhibitor of LOX (lysyl oxidase) and LOXLs (LOX-like proteins). Administration of BAPN promotes aortopathies, although there is a paucity of data on experimental conditions to generate pathology. The objective of this study was to define experimental parameters and determine whether equivalent or variable aortopathies were generated throughout the aortic tree during BAPN administration in mice. METHODS BAPN was administered in drinking water for a period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. The impacts of BAPN were first assessed with regard to BAPN dose, and mouse strain, age, and sex. BAPN-induced aortic pathological characterization was conducted using histology and immunostaining. To investigate the mechanistic basis of regional heterogeneity, the ascending and descending thoracic aortas were harvested after 1 week of BAPN administration before the appearance of overt pathology. RESULTS BAPN-induced aortic rupture predominantly occurred or originated in the descending thoracic aorta in young C57BL/6J or N mice. No apparent differences were found between male and female mice. For mice surviving 12 weeks of BAPN administration, profound dilatation was consistently observed in the ascending region, while there were more heterogeneous changes in the descending thoracic region. Pathological features were distinct between the ascending and descending thoracic regions. Aortic pathology in the ascending region was characterized by luminal dilatation and elastic fiber disruption throughout the media. The descending thoracic region frequently had dissections with false lumen formation, collagen deposition, and remodeling of the wall surrounding the false lumen. Cells surrounding the false lumen were predominantly positive for α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). One week of BAPN administration compromised contractile properties in both regions equivalently, and RNA sequencing did not show obvious differences between the 2 aortic regions in smooth muscle cell markers, cell proliferation markers, and extracellular components. CONCLUSIONS BAPN-induced pathologies show distinct, heterogeneous features within and between ascending and descending aortic regions in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aminopropionitrile/toxicity
- Aminopropionitrile/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Aortic Rupture/chemically induced
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/metabolism
- Aortic Rupture/prevention & control
- Mice
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Age Factors
- Time Factors
- Sex Factors
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ching-Ling Liang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David B. Graf
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Martinez AN, Tortelote GG, Pascale CL, Ekanem UOI, Leite APDO, McCormack IG, Dumont AS. Dimethyl Fumarate Mediates Sustained Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Aneurysm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:773. [PMID: 39061841 PMCID: PMC11274241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are a type of vascular disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality with rupture. Dysfunction of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from circle of Willis (CoW) vessels mediates CA formation, as they are the major cell type of the arterial wall and play a role in maintaining vessel integrity. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, has been shown to inhibit VSMC proliferation and reduce CA formation in a mouse model. Potential unwanted side effects of DMF on VSMC function have not been investigated yet. The present study characterizes the impact of DMF on VSMC using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in CoW vessels following CA induction and further explores its role in mitochondrial function using in vitro VSMC cultures. Two weeks of DMF treatment following CA induction impaired the transcription of the glutathione redox system and downregulated mitochondrial respiration genes in VSMCs. In vitro, DMF treatment increased lactate formation and enhanced the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects rendered VSMCs vulnerable to oxidative stress and led to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancement of apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the concept that the DMF-mediated antiproliferative effect on VSMCs is linked to disturbed antioxidative functions resulting in altered mitochondrial metabolism. This negative impact of DMF treatment on VSMCs may be linked to preexisting alterations of cerebrovascular function due to renal hypertension. Therefore, before severe adverse effects emerge, it would be clinically relevant to develop indices or biomarkers linked to this disturbed antioxidative function to monitor patients undergoing DMF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra N. Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Giovane G. Tortelote
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Crissey L. Pascale
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Uduak-Obong I. Ekanem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Ana Paula de O. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, The Tulane Center for Sex-Based Biology and Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabella G. McCormack
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
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5
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Elishaev M, Li B, Zhou A, Salim K, Leeper NJ, Francis GA, Lai C, Wang Y. Multiplex Imaging for Cell Phenotyping of Early Human Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034990. [PMID: 38842292 PMCID: PMC11255771 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using animal models and cultured cells suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inflammatory cytokines are important players in atherogenesis. Validating these findings in human disease is critical to designing therapeutics that target these components. Multiplex imaging is a powerful tool for characterizing cell phenotypes and microenvironments using biobanked human tissue sections. However, this technology has not been applied to human atherosclerotic lesions and needs to first be customized and validated. METHODS AND RESULTS For validation, we created an 8-plex imaging panel to distinguish foam cells from SMC and leukocyte origins on tissue sections of early human atherosclerotic lesions (n=9). The spatial distribution and characteristics of these foam cells were further analyzed to test the association between SMC phenotypes and inflammation. Consistent with previous reports using human lesions, multiplex imaging showed that foam cells of SMC origin outnumbered those of leukocyte origin and were enriched in the deep intima, where the lipids accumulate in early atherogenesis. This new technology also found that apoptosis or the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were not more associated with foam cells than with nonfoam cells in early human lesions. More CD68+ SMCs were present among SMCs that highly expressed interleukin-1β. Highly inflamed SMCs showed a trend of increased apoptosis, whereas leukocytes expressing similar levels of cytokines were enriched in regions of extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex imaging method can be applied to biobanked human tissue sections to enable proof-of-concept studies and validate theories based on animal models and cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elishaev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Boaz Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Annie Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kevin Salim
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Gordon A. Francis
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Chi Lai
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Anatomical PathologyProvidence Health Care, St. Paul’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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Lu S, Jolly AJ, Dubner AM, Strand KA, Mutryn MF, Hinthorn T, Noble T, Nemenoff RA, Moulton KS, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. KLF4 in smooth muscle cell-derived progenitor cells is essential for angiotensin II-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597485. [PMID: 38895472 PMCID: PMC11185732 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) material resulting in cardiac tissue scarring and dysfunction. While it is commonly accepted that myofibroblasts are the major contributors to ECM deposition in cardiac fibrosis, their origin remains debated. By combining lineage tracing and RNA sequencing, our group made the paradigm-shifting discovery that a subpopulation of resident vascular stem cells residing within the aortic, carotid artery, and femoral aartery adventitia (termed AdvSca1-SM cells) originate from mature vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through an in situ reprogramming process. SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM cell maintenance is dependent on induction and activity of the transcription factor, KLF4. However, the molecular mechanism whereby KLF4 regulates AdvSca1-SM phenotype remains unclear. In the current study, leveraging a highly specific AdvSca1-SM cell reporter system, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate the profibrotic differentiation trajectory of coronary artery-associated AdvSca1-SM cells in the setting of Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced cardiac fibrosis. Differentiation was characterized by loss of stemness-related genes, including Klf4 , but gain of expression of a profibrotic phenotype. Importantly, these changes were recapitulated in human cardiac hypertrophic tissue, supporting the translational significance of profibrotic transition of AdvSca1-SM-like cells in human cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly and paradoxically, AdvSca1-SM-specific genetic knockout of Klf4 prior to AngII treatment protected against cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, indicating that Klf4 is essential for the profibrotic response of AdvSca1-SM cells. Overall, our data reveal the contribution of AdvSca1-SM cells to myofibroblasts in the setting of AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis. KLF4 not only maintains the stemness of AdvSca1-SM cells, but also orchestrates their response to profibrotic stimuli, and may serve as a therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis.
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7
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Zhang R, Wang H, Cheng X, Fan K, Gao T, Qi X, Gao S, Zheng G, Dong H. High estrogen induces trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to a macrophage-like phenotype resulting in aortic inflammation via inhibiting VHL/HIF1a/KLF4 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9876-9898. [PMID: 38843385 PMCID: PMC11210252 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen is thought to have a role in slowing down aging and protecting cardiovascular and cognitive function. However, high doses of estrogen are still positively associated with autoimmune diseases and tumors with systemic inflammation. First, we administered exogenous estrogen to female mice for three consecutive months and found that the aorta of mice on estrogen develops inflammatory manifestations similar to Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Then, in vitro estrogen intervention was performed on mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS cells). Stimulated by high concentrations of estradiol, MOVAS cells showed decreased expression of contractile phenotypic markers and increased expression of macrophage-like phenotypic markers. This shift was blocked by tamoxifen and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) inhibitors and enhanced by Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) interaction inhibitors. It suggests that estrogen-targeted regulation of the VHL/HIF-1α/KLF4 axis induces phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In addition, estrogen-regulated phenotypic conversion of VSMC to macrophages is a key mechanism of estrogen-induced vascular inflammation, which justifies the risk of clinical use of estrogen replacement therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Animals
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Female
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/metabolism
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Inflammation/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Keyi Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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8
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Torimoto K, Elliott K, Nakayama Y, Yanagisawa H, Eguchi S. Cardiac and perivascular myofibroblasts, matrifibrocytes, and immune fibrocytes in hypertension; commonalities and differences with other cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:567-580. [PMID: 38395029 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Cardiovascular fibrosis occurs with hypertension and contributes to vascular resistance, aortic stiffness, and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to fibroblast activation in hypertension remain largely unknown. There are two types of fibrosis: replacement fibrosis and reactive fibrosis. Replacement fibrosis occurs in response to the loss of viable tissue to form a scar. Reactive fibrosis occurs in response to an increase in mechanical and neurohormonal stress. Although both types of fibrosis are considered adaptive processes, they become maladaptive when the tissue loss is too large, or the stress persists. Myofibroblasts represent a subpopulation of activated fibroblasts that have gained contractile function to promote wound healing. Therefore, myofibroblasts are a critical cell type that promotes replacement fibrosis. Although myofibroblasts were recognized as the fibroblasts participating in reactive fibrosis, recent experimental evidence indicated there are distinct fibroblast populations in cardiovascular reactive fibrosis. Accordingly, we will discuss the updated definition of fibroblast subpopulations, the regulatory mechanisms, and their potential roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology utilizing new knowledge from various lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing studies. Among the fibroblast subpopulations, we will highlight the novel roles of matrifibrocytes and immune fibrocytes in cardiovascular fibrosis including experimental models of hypertension, pressure overload, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and nephrosclerosis. Exploration into the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and activation of those fibroblast subpopulations may lead to novel treatments for end-organ damage associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Torimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Elliott
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Franklin MK, Sawada H, Ito S, Howatt DA, Amioka N, Liang CL, Zhang N, Graf DB, Moorleghen JJ, Katsumata Y, Lu HS, Daugherty A. β-aminopropionitrile Induces Distinct Pathologies in the Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Regions of Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.22.563474. [PMID: 37886537 PMCID: PMC10602045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.22.563474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a pharmacological inhibitor of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. Administration of BAPN promotes aortopathies, although there is a paucity of data on experimental conditions to generate pathology. The objective of this study was to define experimental parameters and determine whether equivalent or variable aortopathies were generated throughout the aortic tree during BAPN administration in mice. METHODS BAPN was administered in drinking water for a period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. The impacts of BAPN were first assessed with regard to dose, strain, age, and sex. BAPN-induced aortic pathological characterization was conducted using histology and immunostaining. To investigate the mechanistic basis of regional heterogeneity, ascending and descending thoracic aortas were harvested after one week of BAPN administration before the appearance of overt pathology. RESULTS BAPN-induced aortic rupture predominantly occurred or originated in the descending thoracic aorta in young C57BL/6J or N mice. No apparent differences were found between male and female mice. For mice surviving 12 weeks of BAPN administration, profound dilatation was consistently observed in the ascending region, while there were more heterogeneous changes in the descending thoracic region. Pathological features were distinct between the ascending and descending thoracic regions. Aortic pathology in the ascending region was characterized by luminal dilatation and elastic fiber disruption throughout the media. The descending thoracic region frequently had dissections with false lumen formation, collagen deposition, and remodeling of the wall surrounding the false lumen. Cells surrounding the false lumen were predominantly positive for α-smooth muscle actin. One week of BAPN administration compromised contractile properties in both regions equivalently, and RNA sequencing did not show obvious differences between the two aortic regions in smooth muscle cell markers, cell proliferation markers, and extracellular components. CONCLUSIONS BAPN-induced pathologies show distinct, heterogeneous features within and between ascending and descending aortic regions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ching-Ling Liang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David B. Graf
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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10
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Ahmed IA, Liu M, Gomez D. Nuclear Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity during Vascular Remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:525-538. [PMID: 37820925 PMCID: PMC10988766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Control of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene expression is an essential process for establishing and maintaining lineage identity, contractility, and plasticity. Most mechanisms (epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional) implicated in gene regulation occur in the nucleus. Still, intranuclear pathways are directly impacted by modifications in the extracellular environment in conditions of adaptive or maladaptive remodeling. Integration of extracellular, cellular, and genomic information into the nucleus through epigenetic and transcriptional control of genome organization plays a major role in regulating SMC functions and phenotypic transitions during vascular remodeling and diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on nuclear mechanisms, their interactions, and their integration in controlling SMC homeostasis and dysfunction. It summarizes and discusses the main nuclear mechanisms preponderant in SMCs in the context of vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on studies employing in vivo cell-specific loss-of-function and single-cell omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Ahmed
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Zuo Y, Li B, Gao M, Xiong R, He R, Li N, Geng Q. Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38555425 PMCID: PMC10981837 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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12
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Lin A, Ramaswamy Y, Misra A. Developmental heterogeneity of vascular cells: Insights into cellular plasticity in atherosclerosis? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-15. [PMID: 37316416 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages display remarkable heterogeneity within the healthy vasculature and under pathological conditions. During development, these cells arise from numerous embryological origins, which confound with different microenvironments to generate postnatal vascular cell diversity. In the atherosclerotic plaque milieu, all these cell types exhibit astonishing plasticity, generating a variety of plaque burdening or plaque stabilizing phenotypes. And yet how developmental origin influences intraplaque cell plasticity remains largely unexplored despite evidence suggesting this may be the case. Uncovering the diversity and plasticity of vascular cells is being revolutionized by unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques that will likely continue to pave the way for therapeutic research. Cellular plasticity is only just emerging as a target for future therapeutics, and uncovering how intraplaque plasticity differs across vascular beds may provide key insights into why different plaques behave differently and may confer different risks of subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Regnault V, Lacolley P, Laurent S. Arterial Stiffness: From Basic Primers to Integrative Physiology. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:99-121. [PMID: 38345905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The elastic properties of conductance arteries are one of the most important hemodynamic functions in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of their dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide new insight into the integrative physiology of arterial stiffening and its clinical consequence. We also comprehensively review progress made on pathways/molecules that appear today as important basic determinants of arterial stiffness, particularly those mediating the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractility, plasticity and stiffness. We focus on membrane and nuclear mechanotransduction, clearance function of the vascular wall, phenotypic switching of VSMCs, immunoinflammatory stimuli and epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the most important advances of the latest clinical studies that revisit the classical therapeutic concepts of arterial stiffness and lead to a patient-by-patient strategy according to cardiovascular risk exposure and underlying disease.
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14
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Deng Y, Chen YE, Zhang J. SWI/SNF Complex in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Cells 2024; 13:168. [PMID: 38247859 PMCID: PMC10814623 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit a remarkable degree of plasticity, a characteristic that has intrigued cardiovascular researchers for decades. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that the chromatin remodeler SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex plays a pivotal role in orchestrating chromatin conformation, which is critical for gene regulation. In this review, we provide a summary of research related to the involvement of the SWI/SNF complexes in VSMC and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), integrating these discoveries into the current landscape of epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in VSMC. These novel discoveries shed light on our understanding of VSMC biology and pave the way for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongjie Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
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15
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Behrmann A, Zhong D, Li L, Xie S, Mead M, Sabaeifard P, Goodarzi M, Lemoff A, Kozlitina J, Towler DA. Wnt16 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractile Phenotype and Function via Taz (Wwtr1) Activation in Male LDLR-/- Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad192. [PMID: 38123514 PMCID: PMC10765280 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Wnt16 is expressed in bone and arteries, and maintains bone mass in mice and humans, but its role in cardiovascular physiology is unknown. We show that Wnt16 protein accumulates in murine and human vascular smooth muscle (VSM). WNT16 genotypes that convey risk for bone frailty also convey risk for cardiovascular events in the Dallas Heart Study. Murine Wnt16 deficiency, which causes postnatal bone loss, also reduced systolic blood pressure. Electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal VSM mitochondrial morphology in Wnt16-null mice, with reductions in mitochondrial respiration. Following angiotensin-II (AngII) infusion, thoracic ascending aorta (TAA) dilatation was greater in Wnt16-/- vs Wnt16+/+ mice (LDLR-/- background). Acta2 (vascular smooth muscle alpha actin) deficiency has been shown to impair contractile phenotype and worsen TAA aneurysm with concomitant reductions in blood pressure. Wnt16 deficiency reduced expression of Acta2, SM22 (transgelin), and other contractile genes, and reduced VSM contraction induced by TGFβ. Acta2 and SM22 proteins were reduced in Wnt16-/- VSM as was Ankrd1, a prototypic contractile target of Yap1 and Taz activation via TEA domain (TEAD)-directed transcription. Wnt16-/- VSM exhibited reduced nuclear Taz and Yap1 protein accumulation. SiRNA targeting Wnt16 or Taz, but not Yap1, phenocopied Wnt16 deficiency, and Taz siRNA inhibited contractile gene upregulation by Wnt16. Wnt16 incubation stimulated mitochondrial respiration and contraction (reversed by verteporfin, a Yap/Taz inhibitor). SiRNA targeting Taz inhibitors Ccm2 and Lats1/2 mimicked Wnt16 treatment. Wnt16 stimulated Taz binding to Acta2 chromatin and H3K4me3 methylation. TEAD cognates in the Acta2 promoter conveyed transcriptional responses to Wnt16 and Taz. Wnt16 regulates cardiovascular physiology and VSM contractile phenotype, mediated via Taz signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Behrmann
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dalian Zhong
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shangkui Xie
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Mead
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Parastoo Sabaeifard
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Andrew Lemoff
- Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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16
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Corcoran E, Olayinka A, di Luca M, Gusti Y, Hakimjavadi R, O'Connor B, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. N-Glycans on the extracellular domain of the Notch1 receptor control Jagged-1 induced Notch signalling and myogenic differentiation of S100β resident vascular stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567576. [PMID: 38014317 PMCID: PMC10680845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling, critical for development and postnatal homeostasis of the vascular system, is highly regulated by several mechanisms including glycosylation. While the importance of O-linked glycosylation is widely accepted, the structure and function of N-glycans has yet to be defined. Here, we take advantage of lectin binding assays in combination with pharmacological, molecular, and site-directed mutagenetic approaches to study N-glycosylation of the Notch1 receptor. We find that several key oligosaccharides containing bisecting or core fucosylated structures decorate the receptor, control expression and receptor trafficking, and dictate Jagged-1 activation of Notch target genes and myogenic differentiation of multipotent S100β vascular stem cells. N-glycans at asparagine (N) 1241 and 1587 protect the receptor from accelerated degradation, while the oligosaccharide at N888 directly affects signal transduction. Conversely, N-linked glycans at N959, N1179, N1489 do not impact canonical signalling but inhibit differentiation. Our work highlights a novel functional role for N-glycans in controlling Notch1 signalling and differentiation of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Corcoran
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abidemi Olayinka
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana di Luca
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yusof Gusti
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roya Hakimjavadi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan O'Connor
- School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Dubner AM, Lu S, Jolly AJ, Strand KA, Mutryn MF, Hinthorn T, Noble T, Nemenoff RA, Moulton KS, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. Smooth muscle-derived adventitial progenitor cells direct atherosclerotic plaque composition complexity in a Klf4-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174639. [PMID: 37991018 PMCID: PMC10755692 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established that vascular smooth muscle-derived adventitial progenitor cells (AdvSca1-SM) preferentially differentiate into myofibroblasts and contribute to fibrosis in response to acute vascular injury. However, the role of these progenitor cells in chronic atherosclerosis has not been defined. Using an AdvSca1-SM cell lineage tracing model, scRNA-Seq, flow cytometry, and histological approaches, we confirmed that AdvSca1-SM-derived cells localized throughout the vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaques, where they primarily differentiated into fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells (SMC), or remained in a stem-like state. Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) knockout specifically in AdvSca1-SM cells induced transition to a more collagen-enriched fibroblast phenotype compared with WT mice. Additionally, Klf4 deletion drastically modified the phenotypes of non-AdvSca1-SM-derived cells, resulting in more contractile SMC and atheroprotective macrophages. Functionally, overall plaque burden was not altered with Klf4 deletion, but multiple indices of plaque composition complexity, including necrotic core area, macrophage accumulation, and fibrous cap thickness, were reduced. Collectively, these data support that modulation of AdvSca1-SM cells through KLF4 depletion confers increased protection from the development of potentially unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Dubner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Integrated Physiology PhD Program
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Austin J. Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith A. Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F. Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Tyler Hinthorn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology MS program, University of Colorado Graduate School, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tysen Noble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology MS program, University of Colorado Graduate School, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Karen S. Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W. Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine & and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Integrated Physiology PhD Program
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Luo PM, Gu X, Chaney C, Carroll T, Cleaver O. Stromal netrin 1 coordinates renal arteriogenesis and mural cell differentiation. Development 2023; 150:dev201884. [PMID: 37823339 PMCID: PMC10690105 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The kidney vasculature has a complex architecture that is essential for renal function. The molecular mechanisms that direct development of kidney blood vessels are poorly characterized. We identified a regionally restricted, stroma-derived signaling molecule, netrin 1 (Ntn1), as a regulator of renal vascular patterning in mice. Stromal progenitor (SP)-specific ablation of Ntn1 (Ntn1SPKO) resulted in smaller kidneys with fewer glomeruli, as well as profound defects of the renal artery and transient blood flow disruption. Notably, Ntn1 ablation resulted in loss of arterial vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) coverage and in ectopic SMC deposition at the kidney surface. This was accompanied by dramatic reduction of arterial tree branching that perdured postnatally. Transcriptomic analysis of Ntn1SPKO kidneys revealed dysregulation of vSMC differentiation, including downregulation of Klf4, which we find expressed in a subset of SPs. Stromal Klf4 deletion similarly resulted in decreased smooth muscle coverage and arterial branching without, however, the disruption of renal artery patterning and perfusion seen in Ntn1SPKO. These data suggest a stromal Ntn1-Klf4 axis that regulates stromal differentiation and reinforces stromal-derived smooth muscle as a key regulator of renal blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Internal Medicine and Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Internal Medicine and Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Yan A, Gotlieb AI. The microenvironment of the atheroma expresses phenotypes of plaque instability. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 67:107572. [PMID: 37595697 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from histopathology studies of human atherosclerotic tissue specimens and from vascular imaging studies support the concept that the local arterial microenvironment of a stable atheroma promotes destabilizing conditions that result in the transition to an unstable atheroma. Destabilization is characterized by several different plaque phenotypes that cause major clinical events such as acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular strokes. There are several rupture-associated phenotypes causing thrombotic vascular occlusion including simple fibrous cap rupture of an atheroma, fibrous cap rupture at site of previous rupture-and-repair of an atheroma, and nodular calcification with rupture. Endothelial erosion without rupture has more recently been shown to be a common phenotype to promote thrombosis as well. Microenvironment features that are linked to these phenotypes of plaque instability are neovascularization arising from the vasa vasorum network leading to necrotic core expansion, intraplaque hemorrhage, and cap rupture; activation of adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue cells leading to secretion of cytokines, growth factors, adipokines in the outer artery wall that destabilize plaque structure; and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching through transdifferentiation and stem/progenitor cell activation resulting in the promotion of inflammation, calcification, and secretion of extracellular matrix, altering fibrous cap structure, and necrotic core growth. As the technology evolves, studies using noninvasive vascular imaging will be able to investigate the transition of stable to unstable atheromas in real time. A limitation in the field, however, is that reliable and predictable experimental models of spontaneous plaque rupture and/or erosion are not currently available to study the cell and molecular mechanisms that regulate the conversion of the stable atheroma to an unstable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zawieja SD, Pea GA, Broyhill SE, Bromert KH, Norton CE, Kim HJ, Li M, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Drumm BT, Davis MJ. Lymphatic muscle cells are the innate pacemaker cells regulating mouse lymphatic collecting vessel contractions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554619. [PMID: 37662284 PMCID: PMC10473772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Collecting lymphatic vessels (cLVs) exhibit spontaneous contractions with a pressure-dependent frequency, but the identity of the lymphatic pacemaker cell is still debated. By analogy to pacemakers in the GI and lower urinary tracts, proposed cLV pacemaker cells include interstitial cells of Cajal like cells (ICLC), pericytes, as well as the lymphatic muscle (LMCs) cells themselves. Here we tested the extent to which these cell types are invested into the mouse cLV wall and if any cell type exhibited morphological and functional processes characteristic of pacemaker cells: a contiguous network; spontaneous Ca2+ transients; and depolarization-induced propagated contractions. We employed inducible Cre (iCre) mouse models routinely used to target these specific cell populations including: c-kitCreERT2 to target ICLC; PdgfrβCreERT2 to target pericytes; PdgfrαCreER™ to target CD34+ adventitial fibroblast-like cells or ICLC; and Myh11CreERT2 to target LMCs. These specific inducible Cre lines were crossed to the fluorescent reporter ROSA26mT/mG, the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6f, and the light-activated cation channel rhodopsin2 (ChR2). c-KitCreERT2 labeled both a sparse population of LECs and round adventitial cells that responded to the mast cell activator compound 48-80. PdgfrβCreERT2 drove recombination in both adventitial cells and LMCs, limiting its power to discriminate a pericyte specific population. PdgfrαCreER™ labeled a large population of interconnected, oak leaf-shaped cells primarily along the adventitial surface of the vessel. Titrated induction of the smooth muscle-specific Myh11CreERT2 revealed a LMC population with heterogeneous morphology. Only LMCs consistently, but heterogeneously, displayed spontaneous Ca2+ events during the diastolic period of the contraction cycle, and whose frequency was modulated in a pressure-dependent manner. Optogenetic depolarization through the expression of ChR2 by Myh11CreERT2, but not PdgfrαCreER™ or c-KitCreERT2, resulted in a propagated contraction. These findings support the conclusion that LMCs, or a subset of LMCs, are responsible for mouse cLV pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Zawieja
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - G A Pea
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - S E Broyhill
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - K H Bromert
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - C E Norton
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - H J Kim
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Li
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - B T Drumm
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, A91 K584, Ireland
| | - M J Davis
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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21
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Saddic L, Escopete S, Zilberberg L, Kalsow S, Gupta D, Eghbali M, Parker S. 17 β-Estradiol Impedes Aortic Root Dilation and Rupture in Male Marfan Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13571. [PMID: 37686377 PMCID: PMC10487461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome causes a hereditary form of thoracic aortic aneurysms with worse outcomes in male compared to female patients. In this study, we examine the effects of 17 β-estradiol on aortic dilation and rupture in a Marfan mouse model. Marfan male mice were administered 17 β-estradiol, and the growth in the aortic root, along with the risk of aortic rupture, was measured. Transcriptomic profiling was used to identify enriched pathways from 17 β-estradiol treatments. Aortic smooth muscle cells were then treated with cytokines to validate functional mechanisms. We show that 17 β-estradiol decreased the size and rate of aortic root dilation and improved survival from rupture. The Marfan transcriptome was enriched in inflammatory genes, and the addition of 17 β-estradiol modulated a set of genes that function through TNFα mediated NF-κB signaling. In addition, 17 β-estradiol suppressed the induction of these TNFα induced genes in aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro in an NF-κB dependent manner, and 17 β-estradiol decreased the formation of adventitial inflammatory foci in aortic roots in vivo. In conclusion, 17 β-estradiol protects against the dilation and rupture of aortic roots in Marfan male mice through the inhibition of TNFα-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Saddic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (M.E.)
| | - Sean Escopete
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Lior Zilberberg
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Shannon Kalsow
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (M.E.)
| | - Sarah Parker
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
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22
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Hu Y, Cai Z, He B. Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11701. [PMID: 37511460 PMCID: PMC10380637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of aortic wall integrity. VSMCs have been suggested to have contractile and synthetic phenotypes and undergo phenotypic switching to contribute to the deteriorating aortic wall structure. Recently, the unprecedented heterogeneity and diversity of VSMCs and their complex relationship to aortic aneurysms (AAs) have been revealed by high-resolution research methods, such as lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing. The aortic wall consists of VSMCs from different embryonic origins that respond unevenly to genetic defects that directly or indirectly regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. This difference predisposes to hereditary AAs in the aortic root and ascending aorta. Several VSMC phenotypes with different functions, for example, secreting VSMCs, proliferative VSMCs, mesenchymal stem cell-like VSMCs, immune-related VSMCs, proinflammatory VSMCs, senescent VSMCs, and stressed VSMCs are identified in non-hereditary AAs. The transformation of VSMCs into different phenotypes is an adaptive response to deleterious stimuli but can also trigger pathological remodeling that exacerbates the pathogenesis and development of AAs. This review is intended to contribute to the understanding of VSMC diversity in health and aneurysmal diseases. Papers that give an update on VSMC phenotype diversity in health and aneurysmal disease are summarized and recent insights on the role of VSMCs in AAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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23
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Li K, Li B, Zhang D, Du T, Zhou H, Dai G, Yan Y, Gao N, Zhuang X, Liao X, Liu C, Dong Y, Chen D, Qu LH, Ou J, Yang JH, Huang ZP. The translational landscape of human vascular smooth muscle cells identifies novel short open reading frame-encoded peptide regulators for phenotype alteration. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1763-1779. [PMID: 36943764 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enables them to alter phenotypes under various physiological and pathological stimuli. The alteration of VSMC phenotype is a key step in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Although the transcriptome shift during VSMC phenotype alteration has been intensively investigated, uncovering multiple key regulatory signalling pathways, the translatome dynamics in this cellular process, remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the genome-wide regulation at the translational level of human VSMCs during phenotype alteration. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated nucleotide-resolution translatome and transcriptome data from human VSMCs undergoing phenotype alteration. Deep sequencing of ribosome-protected fragments (Ribo-seq) revealed alterations in protein synthesis independent of changes in messenger ribonucleicacid levels. Increased translational efficiency of many translational machinery components, including ribosomal proteins, eukaryotic translation elongation factors and initiation factors were observed during the phenotype alteration of VSMCs. In addition, hundreds of candidates for short open reading frame-encoded polypeptides (SEPs), a class of peptides containing 200 amino acids or less, were identified in a combined analysis of translatome and transcriptome data with a high positive rate in validating their coding capability. Three evolutionarily conserved SEPs were further detected endogenously by customized antibodies and suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by analysing the transcriptome and single cell RNA-seq data from patient atherosclerotic artery samples. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in human VSMCs and genetically engineered mice showed that these SEPs modulate the alteration of VSMC phenotype through different signalling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and p53 pathway. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that an increase in the capacity of translation, which is attributable to an increased quantity of translational machinery components, mainly controls alterations of VSMC phenotype at the level of translational regulation. In addition, SEPs could function as important regulators in the phenotype alteration of human VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tailai Du
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gang Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Youchen Yan
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nailin Gao
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinxue Liao
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Liu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liang-Hu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingsong Ou
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- 1Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
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24
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Luo T, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu H, Cai L, Huang G, Wang C, Chen Y, Xia L, Ding X, Wang J, Li X. Atherosclerosis treatment with nanoagent: potential targets, stimulus signals and drug delivery mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205751. [PMID: 37404681 PMCID: PMC10315585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the first killer of human health, and it caused up at least 31% of global deaths. Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons caused CVDs. Oral drug therapy with statins and other lipid-regulating drugs is the conventional treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. However, conventional therapeutic strategies are constrained by low drug utilization and non-target organ injury problems. Micro-nano materials, including particles, liposomes, micelles and bubbles, have been developed as the revolutionized tools for CVDs detection and drug delivery, specifically atherosclerotic targeting treatment. Furthermore, the micro-nano materials also could be designed to intelligently and responsive targeting drug delivering, and then become a promising tool to achieve atherosclerosis precision treatment. This work reviewed the advances in atherosclerosis nanotherapy, including the materials carriers, target sites, responsive model and treatment results. These nanoagents precisely delivery the therapeutic agents to the target atherosclerosis sites, and intelligent and precise release of drugs, which could minimize the potential adverse effects and be more effective in atherosclerosis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunshi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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Wang Z, Ma J, Yue H, Zhang Z, Fang F, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms. Microvasc Res 2023:104554. [PMID: 37236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a severe cerebrovascular disease characterized by abnormal bulging of cerebral vessels that may rupture and cause a stroke. The expansion of the aneurysm accompanies by the remodeling of vascular matrix. It is well-known that vascular remodeling is a process of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is highly dependent on the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypic switching of VSMC is considered to be bidirectional, including the physiological contractile phenotype and alternative synthetic phenotype in response to injury. There is increasing evidence indicating that VSMCs have the ability to switch to various phenotypes, including pro-inflammatory, macrophagic, osteogenic, foamy and mesenchymal phenotypes. Although the mechanisms of VSMC phenotype switching are still being explored, it is becoming clear that phenotype switching of VSMCs plays an essential role in IA formation, progression, and rupture. This review summarized the various phenotypes and functions of VSMCs associated with IA pathology. The possible influencing factors and potential molecular mechanisms of the VSMC phenotype switching were further discussed. Understanding how phenotype switching of VSMC contributed to the pathogenesis of unruptured IAs can bring new preventative and therapeutic strategies for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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26
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Cao G, Xuan X, Li Y, Hu J, Zhang R, Jin H, Dong H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic landscape in aortic aneurysm. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37189183 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been linked to aortic aneurysm, but the phenotypic landscape in aortic aneurysm is poorly understood. The present study aimed to analyse the phenotypic landscape, phenotypic differentiation trajectory, and potential functions of various VSMCs phenotypes in aortic aneurysm. METHODS Single-cell sequencing data of 12 aortic aneurysm samples and 5 normal aorta samples (obtained from GSE166676 and GSE155468) were integrated by the R package Harmony. VSMCs were identified according to the expression levels of ACTA2 and MYH11. VSMCs clustering was determined by the R package 'Seurat'. Cell annotation was determined by the R package 'singleR' and background knowledge of VSMCs phenotypic switching. The secretion of collagen, proteinases, and chemokines by each VSMCs phenotype was assessed. Cell‒cell junctions and cell-matrix junctions were also scored by examining the expression of adhesion genes. Trajectory analysis was performed by the R package 'Monocle2'. qPCR was used to quantify VSMCs markers. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) was performed to determine the spatial localization of vital VSMCs phenotypes in aortic aneurysms. RESULTS A total of 7150 VSMCs were categorize into 6 phenotypes: contractile VSMCs, fibroblast-like VSMCs, T-cell-like VSMCs, adipocyte-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs. The proportions of T-cell-like VSMCs, adipocyte-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs were significantly increased in aortic aneurysm. Fibroblast-like VSMCs secreted abundant amounts of collagens. T-cell-like VSMCs and macrophage-like VSMCs were characterized by high chemokine levels and proinflammatory effects. Adipocyte-like VSMCs and mesenchymal-like VSMCs were associated with high proteinase levels. RNA FISH validated the presence of T-cell-like VSMCs and macrophage-like VSMCs in the tunica media and the presence of mesenchymal-like VSMCs in the tunica media and tunica adventitia. CONCLUSION A variety of VSMCs phenotypes are involved in the formation of aortic aneurysm. T-cell-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs play pivotal roles in this process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Cao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuezhen Xuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haijiang Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China.
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27
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Jolly AJ, Lu S, Dubner AM, Strand KA, Mutryn MF, Pilotti-Riley A, Danis EP, Nemenoff RA, Moulton KS, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. Redistribution of the chromatin remodeler Brg1 directs smooth muscle-derived adventitial progenitor-to-myofibroblast differentiation and vascular fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164862. [PMID: 36976650 PMCID: PMC10243795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle-derived Sca1+ adventitial progenitor (AdvSca1-SM) cells are tissue-resident, multipotent stem cells that contribute to progression of vascular remodeling and fibrosis. Upon acute vascular injury, AdvSca1-SM cells differentiate into myofibroblasts and are embedded in perivascular collagen and the extracellular matrix. While the phenotypic properties of AdvSca1-SM-derived myofibroblasts have been defined, the underlying epigenetic regulators driving the AdvSca1-SM-to-myofibroblast transition are unclear. We show that the chromatin remodeler Smarca4/Brg1 facilitates AdvSca1-SM myofibroblast differentiation. Brg1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in AdvSca1-SM cells after acute vascular injury, and pharmacological inhibition of Brg1 by the small molecule PFI-3 attenuated perivascular fibrosis and adventitial expansion. TGF-β1 stimulation of AdvSca1-SM cells in vitro reduced expression of stemness genes while inducing expression of myofibroblast genes that was associated with enhanced contractility; PFI blocked TGF-β1-induced phenotypic transition. Similarly, genetic knockdown of Brg1 in vivo reduced adventitial remodeling and fibrosis and reversed AdvSca1-SM-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro. Mechanistically, TGF-β1 promoted redistribution of Brg1 from distal intergenic sites of stemness genes and recruitment to promoter regions of myofibroblast-related genes, which was blocked by PFI-3. These data provide insight into epigenetic regulation of resident vascular progenitor cell differentiation and support that manipulating the AdvSca1-SM phenotype will provide antifibrotic clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | | | - Keith A. Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F. Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | | | | | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, and
| | - Karen S. Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W. Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, and
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28
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Barachini S, Ghelardoni S, Madonna R. Vascular Progenitor Cells: From Cancer to Tissue Repair. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062399. [PMID: 36983398 PMCID: PMC10059009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular progenitor cells are activated to repair and form a neointima following vascular damage such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, trauma, hypoxia, primary cancerous lesions and metastases as well as catheter interventions. They play a key role not only in the resolution of the vascular lesion but also in the adult neovascularization and angiogenesis sprouting (i.e., the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing ones), often associated with carcinogenesis, favoring the formation of metastases, survival and progression of tumors. In this review, we discuss the biology, cellular plasticity and pathophysiology of different vascular progenitor cells, including their origins (sources), stimuli and activated pathways that induce differentiation, isolation and characterization. We focus on their role in tumor-induced vascular injury and discuss their implications in promoting tumor angiogenesis during cancer proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Laboratory for Cell Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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29
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Déglise S, Bechelli C, Allagnat F. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, an update. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081881. [PMID: 36685215 PMCID: PMC9845604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial occlusive disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Core contemporary therapies for this disease include angioplasties, stents, endarterectomies and bypass surgery. However, these treatments suffer from high failure rates due to re-occlusive vascular wall adaptations and restenosis. Restenosis following vascular surgery is largely due to intimal hyperplasia. Intimal hyperplasia develops in response to vessel injury, leading to inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, proliferation and secretion of extra-cellular matrix into the vessel's innermost layer or intima. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on the origin and mechanisms underlying the dysregulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, and we present the new avenues of research targeting VSMC phenotype and proliferation.
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30
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Ni Z, Lyu L, Gong H, Du L, Wen Z, Jiang H, Yang H, Hu Y, Zhang B, Xu Q, Guo X, Chen T. Multilineage commitment of Sca-1 + cells in reshaping vein grafts. Theranostics 2023; 13:2154-2175. [PMID: 37153747 PMCID: PMC10157743 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vein graft failure remains a significant clinical problem. Similar to other vascular diseases, stenosis of vein grafts is caused by several cell lines; however, the sources of these cells remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular sources that reshape vein grafts. By analyzing transcriptomics data and constructing inducible lineage-tracing mouse models, we investigated the cellular components of vein grafts and their fates. The sc-RNAseq data suggested that Sca-1+ cells were vital players in vein grafts and might serve as progenitors for multilineage commitment. By generating a vein graft model in which the venae cavae from C57BL/6J wild-type mice were transplanted adjacent to the carotid arteries of Sca-1(Ly6a)-CreERT2; Rosa26-tdTomato mice, we demonstrated that the recipient Sca-1+ cells dominated reendothelialization and the formation of adventitial microvessels, especially at the perianastomotic regions. In turn, using chimeric mouse models, we confirmed that the Sca-1+ cells that participated in reendothelialization and the formation of adventitial microvessels all had a non-bone-marrow origin, whereas bone-marrow-derived Sca-1+ cells differentiated into inflammatory cells in vein grafts. Furthermore, using a parabiosis mouse model, we confirmed that non-bone-marrow-derived circulatory Sca-1+ cells were vital for the formation of adventitial microvessels, whereas Sca-1+ cells derived from local carotid arteries were the source of endothelium restoration. Using another mouse model in which venae cavae from Sca-1 (Ly6a)-CreERT2; Rosa26-tdTomato mice were transplanted adjacent to the carotid arteries of C57BL/6J wild-type mice, we confirmed that the donor Sca-1+ cells were mainly responsible for smooth muscle cells commitment in the neointima, particularly at the middle bodies of vein grafts. In addition, we provided evidence that knockdown/knockout of Pdgfrα in Sca-1+ cells decreased the cell potential to generate SMCs in vitro and decreased number of intimal SMCs in vein grafts. Our findings provided cell atlases of vein grafts, which demonstrated that recipient carotid arteries, donor veins, non-bone-marrow circulation, and the bone marrow provided diverse Sca-1+ cells/progenitors that participated in the reshaping of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoshi Wen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of kidney disease center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of kidney disease center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Endometriosis Stem Cells as a Possible Main Target for Carcinogenesis of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010111. [PMID: 36612107 PMCID: PMC9817684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a serious recurrent disease impairing the quality of life and fertility, and being a risk for some histologic types of ovarian cancer defined as endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC). The presence of stem cells in the endometriotic foci could account for the proliferative, migrative and angiogenic activity of the lesions. Their phenotype and sources have been described. The similarly disturbed expression of several genes, miRNAs, galectins and chaperones has been observed both in endometriotic lesions and in ovarian or endometrial cancer. The importance of stem cells for nascence and sustain of malignant tumors is commonly appreciated. Although the proposed mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis leading from endometriosis into the EAOC are not completely known, they have been discussed in several articles. However, the role of endometriosis stem cells (ESCs) has not been discussed in this context. Here, we postulate that ESCs may be a main target for the carcinogenesis of EAOC and present the possible sequence of events resulting finally in the development of EAOC.
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32
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Cao G, Xuan X, Hu J, Zhang R, Jin H, Dong H. How vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching contributes to vascular disease. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:180. [PMID: 36411459 PMCID: PMC9677683 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates VSMCs to switch into a dedifferentiated type, also known as synthetic VSMCs, with a high migration and proliferation capacity for repairing vascular injury. In recent years, largely owing to rapid technological advances in single-cell sequencing and cell-lineage tracing techniques, multiple VSMCs phenotypes have been uncovered in vascular aging, atherosclerosis (AS), aortic aneurysm (AA), etc. These VSMCs all down-regulate contractile proteins such as α-SMA and calponin1, and obtain specific markers and similar cellular functions of osteoblast, fibroblast, macrophage, and mesenchymal cells. This highly plastic phenotype transformation is regulated by a complex network consisting of circulating plasma substances, transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory factors, non-coding RNAs, integrin family, and Notch pathway. This review focuses on phenotypic characteristics, molecular profile and the functional role of VSMCs phenotype landscape; the molecular mechanism regulating VSMCs phenotype switching; and the contribution of VSMCs phenotype switching to vascular aging, AS, and AA. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Cao
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuezhen Xuan
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haijiang Jin
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
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33
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Chou EL, Chaffin M, Simonson B, Pirruccello JP, Akkad AD, Nekoui M, Cardenas CLL, Bedi KC, Nash C, Juric D, Stone JR, Isselbacher EM, Margulies KB, Klattenhoff C, Ellinor PT, Lindsay ME. Aortic Cellular Diversity and Quantitative Genome-Wide Association Study Trait Prioritization Through Single-Nuclear RNA Sequencing of the Aneurysmal Human Aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1355-1374. [PMID: 36172868 PMCID: PMC9613617 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mural cells in ascending aortic aneurysms undergo phenotypic changes that promote extracellular matrix destruction and structural weakening. To explore this biology, we analyzed the transcriptional features of thoracic aortic tissue. METHODS Single-nuclear RNA sequencing was performed on 13 samples from human donors, 6 with thoracic aortic aneurysm, and 7 without aneurysm. Individual transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles. Clusters were used for between-disease differential gene expression analyses, subcluster analysis, and analyzed for intersection with genetic aortic trait data. RESULTS We sequenced 71 689 nuclei from human thoracic aortas and identified 14 clusters, aligning with 11 cell types, predominantly vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) consistent with aortic histology. With unbiased methodology, we found 7 vascular smooth muscle cell and 6 fibroblast subclusters. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed a vascular smooth muscle cell group accounting for the majority of differential gene expression. Fibroblast populations in aneurysm exhibit distinct behavior with almost complete disappearance of quiescent fibroblasts. Differentially expressed genes were used to prioritize genes at aortic diameter and distensibility genome-wide association study loci highlighting the genes JUN, LTBP4 (latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1), and IL34 (interleukin 34) in fibroblasts, ENTPD1, PDLIM5 (PDZ and LIM domain 5), ACTN4 (alpha-actinin-4), and GLRX in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as LRP1 in macrophage populations. CONCLUSIONS Using nuclear RNA sequencing, we describe the cellular diversity of healthy and aneurysmal human ascending aorta. Sporadic aortic aneurysm is characterized by differential gene expression within known cellular classes rather than by the appearance of novel cellular forms. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of aortic tissue can be used to prioritize genes at aortic trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Chou
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Bridget Simonson
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amer-Denis Akkad
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Craig Nash
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Dejan Juric
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - James R. Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric M. Isselbacher
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Carla Klattenhoff
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark E. Lindsay
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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Gogiraju R, Gachkar S, Velmeden D, Bochenek ML, Zifkos K, Hubert A, Münzel T, Offermanns S, Schäfer K. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Perivascular Fibrosis following Arterial Injury. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1814-1826. [PMID: 36075234 PMCID: PMC9512587 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype switching plays a central role during vascular remodeling. Growth factor receptors are negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), including its prototype PTP1B. Here, we examine how reduction of PTP1B in SMCs affects the vascular remodeling response to injury.
Methods
Mice with inducible PTP1B deletion in SMCs (SMC.PTP1B-KO) were generated by crossing mice expressing Cre.ER
T2
recombinase under the
Myh11
promoter with PTP1B
flox/flox
mice and subjected to FeCl
3
carotid artery injury.
Results
Genetic deletion of PTP1B in SMCs resulted in adventitia enlargement, perivascular SMA
+
and PDGFRβ
+
myofibroblast expansion, and collagen accumulation following vascular injury. Lineage tracing confirmed the appearance of
Myh11
-Cre reporter cells in the remodeling adventitia, and SCA1
+
CD45
-
vascular progenitor cells increased. Elevated mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling components or enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and TGFβ liberation was seen in injured SMC.PTP1B-KO mouse carotid arteries, and mRNA transcript levels of contractile SMC marker genes were reduced already at baseline. Mechanistically, Cre recombinase (mice) or siRNA (cells)-mediated downregulation of PTP1B or inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in SMCs resulted in nuclear accumulation of KLF4, a central transcriptional repressor of SMC differentiation, whereas phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were reduced. SMAD2 siRNA transfection increased protein levels of PDGFRβ and MYH10 while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus phenocopying genetic PTP1B deletion.
Conclusion
Chronic reduction of PTP1B in SMCs promotes dedifferentiation, perivascular fibrosis, and adverse remodeling following vascular injury by mechanisms involving an ERK1/2 phosphorylation-driven shift from SMAD2 to KLF4-regulated gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Velmeden
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Rhine-Main Site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
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36
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Role of smooth muscle progenitor cells in vascular mechanical injury and repair. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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37
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Xu H, Yu M, Yu Y, Li Y, Yang F, Liu Y, Han L, Xu Z, Wang G. KLF4 prevented angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle cell senescence by enhancing autophagic activity. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13804. [PMID: 35506324 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular aging is an important risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. Transcription factor krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) could regulate the phenotypic transformation of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in the pathogenesis of aortic diseases. The present study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of KLF4 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMC senescence. METHODS The VSMC senescence mouse model was induced by sustained release of Ang II (1.0 μg/kg/min) for 4 weeks. The premature senescent VSMCs were induced by Ang II (0.1 μmol/L) for 72 h. Cellular senescence was measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and p53/p16 expression. The autophagic activity was evaluated by autophagic flux and autophagic marker expression. RESULTS The expression of KLF4 was extremely increased in abdominal aorta tissues after 1-week Ang II stimulation (p < .01) but began to decrease in later periods. Decreased expression of KLF4 was also detected in premature senescent VSMCs. Overexpression of KLF4 could enhance the antisenescence ability of VSMCs. Significantly decreased amounts of SA-β-gal-positive cells and lower p53/p16 expression were detected in KLF4-overexpressing VSMCs (p < .01). Next, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was identified as a direct downstream target of KLF4 in VSMCs. Overexpression of KLF4 in VSMCs prevented the decreased expression of TERT under Ang II stimulation condition, which could in turn, contribute to the enhanced autophagic activity, and ultimately to the improved antisenescence ability of VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that overexpression of KLF4 prevented Ang II-induced VSMC senescence by promoting TERT-mediated autophagy. These findings provided novel potential targets for the prevention and therapy of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manli Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Khachigian LM, Black BL, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R, Madonna R, Geng YJ. Transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence: Novel targets for therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107091. [PMID: 35896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) possess a unique cytoplasticity, regulated by transcriptional, translational and phenotypic transformation in response to a diverse range of extrinsic and intrinsic pathogenic factors. The mature, differentiated SMC phenotype is physiologically typified transcriptionally by expression of genes encoding "contractile" proteins, such as SMα-actin (ACTA2), SM-MHC (myosin-11) and SM22α (transgelin). When exposed to various pathological conditions (e.g., pro-atherogenic risk factors, hypertension), SMC undergo phenotypic modulation, a bioprocess enabling SMC to de-differentiate in immature stages or trans-differentiate into other cell phenotypes. As recent studies suggest, the process of SMC phenotypic transformation involves five distinct states characterized by different patterns of cell growth, differentiation, migration, matrix protein expression and declined contractility. These changes are mediated via the action of several transcriptional regulators, including myocardin and serum response factor. Conversely, other factors, including Kruppel-like factor 4 and nuclear factor-κB, can inhibit SMC differentiation and growth arrest, while factors such as yin yang-1, can promote SMC differentiation whilst inhibiting proliferation. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing SMC phenotypic modulation. We propose the concept that transcription factors mediating this switching are important biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Lu S, Weiser-Evans MC. Lgals3-Transitioned Inflammatory Smooth Muscle Cells: Major Regulators of Atherosclerosis Progression and Inflammatory Cell Recruitment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:957-959. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (S.L., M.C.M.W.-E.)
| | - Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (S.L., M.C.M.W.-E.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (M.C.M.W.-E.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (M.C.M.W.-E.)
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40
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Li C, Wang B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Progressive Fibrogenic Involvement and Anti-Fibrosis Therapeutic Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902677. [PMID: 35721482 PMCID: PMC9198494 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the connective tissue deposition and stiffness usually as a result of injury. Fibrosis tissue-resident mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are major players in fibrogenic processes under certain contexts. Acknowledging differentiation potential of MSCs to the aforementioned other types of mesenchymal cell lineages is essential for better understanding of MSCs’ substantial contributions to progressive fibrogenesis. MSCs may represent a potential therapeutic option for fibrosis resolution owing to their unique pleiotropic functions and therapeutic properties. Currently, clinical trial efforts using MSCs and MSC-based products are underway but clinical data collected by the early phase trials are insufficient to offer better support for the MSC-based anti-fibrotic therapies. Given that MSCs are involved in the coagulation through releasing tissue factor, MSCs can retain procoagulant activity to be associated with fibrogenic disease development. Therefore, MSCs’ functional benefits in translational applications need to be carefully balanced with their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
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41
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Burtenshaw D, Regan B, Owen K, Collins D, McEneaney D, Megson IL, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. Exosomal Composition, Biogenesis and Profiling Using Point-of-Care Diagnostics—Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:853451. [PMID: 35721503 PMCID: PMC9198276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.853451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis is an important age-dependent disease that encompasses atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis (ISR), pulmonary hypertension, autologous bypass grafting and transplant arteriosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-like cells is a critical event in the pathology of arteriosclerotic disease leading to intimal-medial thickening (IMT), lipid retention and vessel remodelling. An important aspect in guiding clinical decision-making is the detection of biomarkers of subclinical arteriosclerosis and early cardiovascular risk. Crucially, relevant biomarkers need to be good indicators of injury which change in their circulating concentrations or structure, signalling functional disturbances. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membraneous vesicles secreted by cells that contain numerous bioactive molecules and act as a means of intercellular communication between different cell populations to maintain tissue homeostasis, gene regulation in recipient cells and the adaptive response to stress. This review will focus on the emerging field of EV research in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and discuss how key EV signatures in liquid biopsies may act as early pathological indicators of adaptive lesion formation and arteriosclerotic disease progression. EV profiling has the potential to provide important clinical information to complement current cardiovascular diagnostic platforms that indicate or predict myocardial injury. Finally, the development of fitting devices to enable rapid and/or high-throughput exosomal analysis that require adapted processing procedures will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Owen
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David McEneaney
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, UHI Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Paul Aidan Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Paul Aidan Cahill,
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42
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Phillippi JA. On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6364. [PMID: 35442731 PMCID: PMC9020663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum are a vital microvascular network supporting the outer wall of larger blood vessels. Although these dynamic microvessels have been studied for centuries, the importance and impact of their functions in vascular health and disease are not yet fully realized. There is now rich knowledge regarding what local progenitor cell populations comprise and cohabitate with the vasa vasorum and how they might contribute to physiological and pathological changes in the network or its expansion via angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. Evidence of whether vasa vasorum remodeling incites or governs disease progression or is a consequence of cardiovascular pathologies remains limited. Recent advances in vasa vasorum imaging for understanding cardiovascular disease severity and pathophysiology open the door for theranostic opportunities. Approaches that strive to control angiogenesis and vasculogenesis potentiate mitigation of vasa vasorum-mediated contributions to cardiovascular diseases and emerging diseases involving the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Cheng P, Wirka RC, Kim JB, Kim HJ, Nguyen T, Kundu R, Zhao Q, Sharma D, Pedroza A, Nagao M, Iyer D, Fischbein MP, Quertermous T. Smad3 regulates smooth muscle cell fate and mediates adverse remodeling and calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:322-333. [PMID: 36246779 PMCID: PMC9560061 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques consist mostly of smooth muscle cells (SMC), and genes that influence SMC phenotype can modulate coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Allelic variation at 15q22.33 has been identified by genome-wide association studies to modify the risk of CAD and is associated with the expression of SMAD3 in SMC. However, the mechanism by which this gene modifies CAD risk remains poorly understood. Here we show that SMC-specific deletion of Smad3 in a murine atherosclerosis model resulted in greater plaque burden, more outward remodelling and increased vascular calcification. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that loss of Smad3 altered SMC transition cell state toward two fates: a SMC phenotype that governs both vascular remodelling and recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as a chondromyocyte fate. Together, the findings reveal that Smad3 expression in SMC inhibits the emergence of specific SMC phenotypic transition cells that mediate adverse plaque features, including outward remodelling, monocyte recruitment, and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C. Wirka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Albert Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael P. Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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44
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Jing L, Shu-xu D, Yong-xin R. A review: Pathological and molecular biological study on atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:217-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Misra A, Rehan R, Lin A, Patel S, Fisher EA. Emerging Concepts of Vascular Cell Clonal Expansion in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e74-e84. [PMID: 35109671 PMCID: PMC8988894 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion is a process that can drive pathogenesis in human diseases, with atherosclerosis being a prominent example. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of atherosclerosis, clonality studies of vascular cells remain in an early stage. Recently, several paradigm-shifting preclinical studies have identified clonal expansion of progenitor cells in the vasculature in response to atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of cell clonality in atherosclerotic progression, focusing particularly on smooth muscle cells and macrophages. We discuss key findings from the latest research that give insight into the mechanisms by which clonal expansion of vascular cells contributes to disease pathology. The further probing of these mechanisms will provide innovative directions for future progress in the understanding and therapy of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rajan Rehan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Tao J, Cao X, Yu B, Qu A. Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vessel Injury and Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845070. [PMID: 35224067 PMCID: PMC8866648 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular repair upon vessel injury is essential for the maintenance of arterial homeostasis and function. Stem/progenitor cells were demonstrated to play a crucial role in regeneration and replenishment of damaged vascular cells during vascular repair. Previous studies revealed that myeloid stem/progenitor cells were the main sources of tissue regeneration after vascular injury. However, accumulating evidences from developing lineage tracing studies indicate that various populations of vessel-resident stem/progenitor cells play specific roles in different process of vessel injury and repair. In response to shear stress, inflammation, or other risk factors-induced vascular injury, these vascular stem/progenitor cells can be activated and consequently differentiate into different types of vascular wall cells to participate in vascular repair. In this review, mechanisms that contribute to stem/progenitor cell differentiation and vascular repair are described. Targeting these mechanisms has potential to improve outcome of diseases that are characterized by vascular injury, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis, and aortic aneurysm/dissection. Future studies on potential stem cell-based therapy are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Tao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejie Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoqi Yu
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
- Aijuan Qu
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47
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Gharraee N, Sun Y, Swisher JA, Lessner SM. Age and sex dependency of thoracic aortopathy in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H44-H56. [PMID: 34714692 PMCID: PMC8698500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00255.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is one of the manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS) that is known to affect men more severely than women. However, the incidence of MFS is similar between men and women. The aim of this study is to show that during pathological aortic dilation, sex-dependent severity of thoracic aortopathy in a mouse model of MFS translates into sex-dependent alterations in cells and matrix of the ascending aorta, consequently affecting aortic biomechanics. Fibrillin-1 C1041G/+ (Het) mice were used as a mouse model of MFS. Ultrasound measurements from 3 to 12 mo showed increased aortic diameter in Het aorta, with larger percentage increase in diameter for males compared with females. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased contractile smooth muscle cells in Het aortic wall compared with healthy aorta, which was accompanied by decreased contractility measured by wire myography. Elastin autofluorescence, second-harmonic generation microscopy of collagen fibers, and passive biomechanical assessments using myography showed more severe damage to elastin fibers, increased medial fibrosis, and increased stiffness of the aortic wall in MFS males but not females. Male and female Het mice showed increased expression of Sca-1-positive adventitial progenitor cells versus controls at young ages. In agreement with clinical data, Het mice demonstrate sex-dependent severity of thoracic aortopathy. It was also shown that aging exacerbates the disease state especially for males. Our findings suggest that female mice are protected from progression of aortic dilation at early ages, leading to a lag in aneurysm growth.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Male Fbn1C1041G/+ mice show more severe thoracic aortic changes compared with females, especially at 12 mo of age. Up to 6 mo of age, Sca-1+ smooth muscle progenitor cells are more abundant in the adventitia of both male and female Fbn1 Het mice compared with wild types (WTs). Male and female Het mice show similar patterns of expression of Sca-1+ cells at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Gharraee
- 1Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Yujian Sun
- 2Physical Therapy Program, Brenau University, Gainesville, Georgia
| | - Joseph A. Swisher
- 3Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Susan M. Lessner
- 1Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina,4Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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48
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Lin CJ, Hunkins B, Roth R, Lin CY, Wagenseil JE, Mecham RP. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Subpopulations and Neointimal Formation in Mouse Models of Elastin Insufficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2890-2905. [PMID: 34587758 PMCID: PMC8612996 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a mouse model of Eln (elastin) insufficiency that spontaneously develops neointima in the ascending aorta, we sought to understand the origin and phenotypic heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributing to intimal hyperplasia. We were also interested in exploring how vascular cells adapt to the absence of Eln. Approach and Results: We used single-cell sequencing together with lineage-specific cell labeling to identify neointimal cell populations in a noninjury, genetic model of neointimal formation. Inactivating Eln production in vascular SMCs results in rapid intimal hyperplasia around breaks in the ascending aorta's internal elastic lamina. Using lineage-specific Cre drivers to both lineage mark and inactivate Eln expression in the secondary heart field and neural crest aortic SMCs, we found that cells with a secondary heart field lineage are significant contributors to neointima formation. We also identified a small population of secondary heart field-derived SMCs underneath and adjacent to the internal elastic lamina. Within the neointima of SMC-Eln knockout mice, 2 unique SMC populations were identified that are transcriptionally different from other SMCs. While these cells had a distinct gene signature, they expressed several genes identified in other studies of neointimal lesions, suggesting that some mechanisms underlying neointima formation in Eln insufficiency are shared with adult vessel injury models. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the unique developmental origin and transcriptional signature of cells contributing to neointima in the ascending aorta. Our findings also show that the absence of Eln, or changes in elastic fiber integrity, influences the SMC biological niche in ways that lead to altered cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bridget Hunkins
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robyn Roth
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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49
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Rebello KR, LeMaire SA, Shen YH. Aortic Neointimal Formation: The Role of Elastin in Conjunction With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Origin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2906-2908. [PMID: 34706558 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.A.L., Y.H.S.).,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (K.R.R., S.A.L., Y.H.S.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.A.L., Y.H.S.).,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (K.R.R., S.A.L., Y.H.S.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
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50
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Karoor V, Swindle D, Pak DI, Strassheim D, Fini MA, Dempsey E, Stenmark KR, Hassell K, Nuss R, Buehler PW, Irwin DC. Evidence supporting a role for circulating macrophages in the regression of vascular remodeling following sub-chronic exposure to hemoglobin plus hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211056806. [PMID: 34777787 PMCID: PMC8573496 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211056806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting inflammation under pathological conditions, and tissue repair after injury. In pulmonary hypertension, the M1 phenotype is more pro-inflammatory compared to the M2 phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair. The role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension is well studied. However, their role in the regression of established pulmonary hypertension is not well known. Rats chronically exposed to hemoglobin (Hb) plus hypoxia (HX) share similarities to humans with pulmonary hypertension associated with hemolytic disease, including the presence of a unique macrophage phenotype surrounding distal vessels that are associated with vascular remodeling. These lung macrophages are characterized by high iron content, HO-1, ET-1, and IL-6, and are recruited from the circulation. Depletion of macrophages in this model prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. In this study, we specifically investigate the regression of pulmonary hypertension over a four-week duration after rats were removed from Hb + HX exposure with and without gadolinium chloride administration. Withdrawal of Hb + HX reversed systolic pressures and right ventricular function after Hb + Hx exposure in four weeks. Our data show that depleting circulating monocytes/macrophages during reversal prevents complete recovery of right ventricular systolic pressure and vascular remodeling in this rat model of pulmonary hypertension at four weeks post exposure. The data presented offer a novel insight into the role of macrophages in the processes of pulmonary hypertension regression in a rodent model of Hb + Hx-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David I Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C. Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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