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Wang SY, Wang YJ, Dong MQ, Li GR. Acacetin is a Promising Drug Candidate for Cardiovascular Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024:1-32. [PMID: 39347953 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical flavonoids have been proven to be effective in treating various disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. Acacetin is a natural flavone with diverse pharmacological effects, uniquely including atrial-selective anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) via the inhibition of the atrial specific potassium channel currents [Formula: see text] (ultra-rapidly delayed rectifier potassium current), [Formula: see text] (acetylcholine-activated potassium current), [Formula: see text] (calcium-activated small conductance potassium current), and [Formula: see text] (transient outward potassium current). [Formula: see text] inhibition by acacetin, notably, suppresses experimental J-wave syndromes. In addition, acacetin provides extensive cardiovascular protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathies/heart failure, autoimmune myocarditis, pulmonary artery hypertension, vascular remodeling, and atherosclerosis by restoring the downregulated intracellular signaling pathway of Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1[Formula: see text] followed by increasing Nrf2/HO-1/SOD thereby inhibiting oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review provides an integrated insight into the capabilities of acacetin as a drug candidate for treating cardiovascular diseases, especially atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies/heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Wang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- Nanjing Amazigh Pharma Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Qing Dong
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Nanjing Amazigh Pharma Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, P. R. China
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Sellers RS, Dormitzer PR. Toxicologic Pathology Forum*: mRNA Vaccine Safety-Separating Fact From Fiction. Toxicol Pathol 2024:1926233241278298. [PMID: 39254115 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241278298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly across the globe, contributing to the death of millions of individuals from 2019 to 2023, and has continued to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality after the pandemic. At the start of the pandemic, no vaccines or anti-viral treatments were available to reduce the burden of disease associated with this virus, as it was a novel SARS coronavirus. Because of the tremendous need, the development of vaccines to protect against COVID-19 was critically important. The flexibility and ease of manufacture of nucleic acid-based vaccines, specifically mRNA-based products, allowed the accelerated development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics had been in clinical trials for over a decade, there were no licensed mRNA vaccines on the market at the start of the pandemic. The rapid development of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines reduced serious complications and death from the virus but also engendered significant public concerns, which continue now, years after emergency-use authorization and subsequent licensure of these vaccines. This article summarizes and addresses some of the safety concerns that continue to be expressed about these vaccines and their underlying technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani S Sellers
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Wang W, Jia H, Hua X, Song J. New insights gained from cellular landscape changes in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:883-907. [PMID: 38896377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the etiological classification of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have reached a consensus. However, the mechanism of myocarditis/ICM remains unclear, which affects the development of treatment and the improvement of outcome. Cellular transcription and metabolic reprogramming, and the interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, such as the immune cells, contribute to the process of myocarditis/ICM. Recent efforts have been made by multi-omics techniques, particularly in single-cell RNA sequencing, to gain a better understanding of the cellular landscape alteration occurring in disease during the progression. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies in myocarditis/ICM, particularly as revealed by single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiteng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
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Van Name J, Wu K, Xi L. Myocarditis - A silent killer in athletes: Comparative analysis on the evidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:232-239. [PMID: 39234482 PMCID: PMC11369839 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a rare cardiomyocyte inflammatory process, typically caused by viruses, with potentially devastating cardiac sequalae in both competitive athletes and in the general population. Investigation into myocarditis prevalence in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era suggests that infection with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is an independent risk factor for myocarditis, which is confirmed mainly through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies indicated that athletes have a decreased risk of myocarditis after recent COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. However, given the unique nature of competitive athletics with their frequent participation in high-intensity exercise, athletes possess distinct factors of susceptibility for the development of myocarditis and its subsequent severe cardiac complications (e.g., sudden cardiac death, fulminant heart failure, etc.). Under this context, this review focuses on comparing myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, owing special attention to the distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis caused by different viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6, human immunodeficiency virus, and Parvovirus B19, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with SARS-CoV-2. By illustrating distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, we also highlight the critical importance of early detection, vigilant monitoring, and effective management of viral and non-viral myocarditis in athletes and the necessity for further optimization of the return-to-play guidelines for athletes in the COVID-19 era, in order to minimize the risks for the rare but devastating cardiac fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Van Name
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine (M.D. Class 2024), Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kainuo Wu
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine (M.D. Class 2024), Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
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Semenzato L, Le Vu S, Botton J, Bertrand M, Jabagi MJ, Drouin J, Cuenot F, Zores F, Dray-Spira R, Weill A, Zureik M. Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Myocarditis Attributed to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, or Conventional Etiologies. JAMA 2024:2822933. [PMID: 39186694 PMCID: PMC11348078 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Importance Although patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination appear to have a good prognosis near hospital discharge, their longer-term prognosis and management remain unknown. Objective To study the cardiovascular complications of post-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis and other types of myocarditis during an 18-month follow-up, as well as disease management based on a study of the frequency of medical procedures and drug prescriptions. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study based on the French National Health Data System, all individuals aged 12 to 49 years hospitalized for myocarditis in France between December 27, 2020, and June 30, 2022, were identified. Exposure Individuals were categorized as having postvaccine myocarditis (within 7 days after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine), post-COVID-19 myocarditis (within 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection), or conventional myocarditis. Main Outcomes and Measures The occurrence of clinical outcomes (hospital readmission for myopericarditis, other cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and a composite outcome of these events) over the 18 months following hospital admission were analyzed using weighted Cox models to standardize the comparisons with the conventional myocarditis group. Also, medical management after hospital discharge was longitudinally assessed using generalized estimated equation models. Results In total, 4635 individuals were hospitalized for myocarditis: 558 with postvaccine myocarditis, 298 with post-COVID-19 myocarditis, and 3779 with conventional myocarditis. Patients with postvaccine myocarditis were younger than those with post-COVID-19 and conventional myocarditis (mean [SD] age of 25.9 [8.6], 31.0 [10.9], and 28.3 [9.4] years, respectively) and were more frequently men (84%, 67%, and 79%). Patients with postvaccine myocarditis had a lower standardized incidence of the composite clinical outcome than those with conventional myocarditis (32/558 vs 497/3779 events; weighted hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.36-0.86]), whereas individuals with post-COVID-19 myocarditis had similar results (36/298 events; weighted hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.70-1.52]). The standardized frequency of medical procedures and drugs prescribed in patients with postvaccine myocarditis or post-COVID-19 myocarditis followed a similar trend in the 18 months following hospital discharge to that of patients with conventional myocarditis. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with post-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis, contrary to those with post-COVID-19 myocarditis, show a lower frequency of cardiovascular complications than those with conventional myocarditis at 18 months. However, affected patients, mainly healthy young men, may require medical management up to several months after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Semenzato
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Stéphane Le Vu
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Jérémie Botton
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
- University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de pharmacie, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Bertrand
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Marie-Joelle Jabagi
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Jérôme Drouin
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - François Cuenot
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Florian Zores
- Cardiologist, Specialized Medical Group, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Ellipse, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosemary Dray-Spira
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Alain Weill
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
| | - Mahmoud Zureik
- EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products from the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products and the French National Health Insurance
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Anti-infective evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Unit/Team, CESP, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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López Fernández MJ, Narejos S, Castro A, Echave-Sustaeta JM, Forner MJ, Arana-Arri E, Molto J, Bernad L, Pérez-Caballero R, Prado JG, Raïch-Regué D, Boreika R, Izquierdo-Useros N, Trinité B, Blanco J, Puig-Barberà J, Natalini Martínez S. Omicron XBB.1.16-Adapted Vaccine for COVID-19: Interim Immunogenicity and Safety Clinical Trial Results. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:840. [PMID: 39203967 PMCID: PMC11359014 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination adapts to protect populations from emerging variants. This communication presents interim findings from the new Omicron XBB.1.16-adapted PHH-1V81 protein-based vaccine compared to an XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA vaccine against various acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains. (2) Methods: In a Phase IIb/III pivotal trial, adults previously vaccinated with a primary scheme and at least one booster dose of an EU-approved mRNA vaccine randomly received either the PHH-1V81 or BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 vaccine booster as a single dose. The primary efficacy endpoint assessed neutralization titers against the Omicron XBB.1.16 variant at day 14. Secondary endpoints evaluated neutralization titers and cellular immunity against different variants. Safety endpoints comprised solicited reactions up to day 7 post-vaccination and serious adverse events until the cut-off date of the interim analysis. Changes in humoral responses were assessed by pseudovirion-based or virus neutralization assays. (3) Results: At the cut-off date, immunogenicity assessments included 599 participants. Both boosters elicited neutralizing antibodies against XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, and JN.1, with PHH-1V81 inducing a higher response for all variants. The PHH-1V8 booster triggers a superior neutralizing antibody response against XBB variants compared to the mRNA vaccine. A subgroup analysis consistently revealed higher neutralizing antibody responses with PHH-1V81 across age groups, SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and the number of prior vaccination shots. A safety analysis (n = 607) at the day 14 visit revealed favorable safety profiles without any serious vaccine-related adverse events. (4) Conclusions: PHH-1V81 demonstrates superiority on humoral immunogenicity compared to the mRNA vaccine against XBB variants and non-inferiority against JN.1 with a favorable safety profile and lower reactogenicity, confirming its potential as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús López Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Narejos
- Centro de Atención Primaria Centelles, 08540 Centelles, Spain
| | - Antoni Castro
- Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eunate Arana-Arri
- Unidad de Coordinación Científica, Biocruces Bizkaia, Osakidetza, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Molto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fundació Lluita Contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Bernad
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
| | - Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julia G. Prado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Rytis Boreika
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IrsiCaixa, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain (R.P.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Càtedra de Malalties Infeccioses i Immunitat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Joan Puig-Barberà
- Área de Investigación en Vacunas, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
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7
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Lee S, Jo H, Lee H, Lee H, Lee J, Kim HJ, Kang J, Jacob L, Smith L, Rahmati M, López Sánchez GF, Dragioti E, Jeon H, Cho JM, Choi Y, Park J, Woo S, Yon DK. Global estimates on the reports of vaccine-associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: Findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29693. [PMID: 38859751 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limitation of previous studies examining adverse reports of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with vaccines other than the COVID-19 vaccine, there are challenges in establishing a comprehensive understanding of vaccine safety on a global scale. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the worldwide burden of vaccine-associated pericarditis and myocarditis and the vaccines associated with these indications. This study utilized the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database, from which records of vaccine-associated pericarditis and myocarditis between 1969 and 2023 were extracted (over 130 million reports). We calculated global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (ICs) to discern the association between 19 vaccines and the occurrence of pericarditis and myocarditis across 156 countries and territories. We identified 49 096 reports (male, n = 30 013) of vaccine-associated pericarditis and myocarditis among 73 590 reports of all-cause pericarditis and myocarditis. There has been a significant increase in reports of vaccine-related cardiac adverse events over time, with a noteworthy surge observed after 2020, attributed to cases of pericarditis associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Smallpox vaccines were associated with most pericarditis and myocarditis reports (ROR: 73.68 [95% CI, 67.79-80.10]; IC [IC0.25]: 6.05 [5.91]), followed by COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (37.77 [37.00-38.56]; 3.07 [3.05]), anthrax vaccine (25.54 [22.37-29.16]; 4.58 [4.35]), typhoid vaccine (6.17 [5.16-7.38]; 2.59 [2.29]), encephalitis vaccine (2.00 [1.48-2.71]; 0.99 [0.47]), influenza vaccine (1.87 [1.71-2.04]; 0.90 [0.75]), and Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine (1.40 [1.34-1.46]; 0.46 [0.39]). Concerning age and sex-specific risks, reports of vaccine-associated pericarditis and myocarditis were more prevalent among males and in older age groups. The age group between 12 and 17 years exhibited significant sex disproportion. Most of these adverse events had a short time to onset (median time: 1 day) and fatality rate was 0.44%. Our analysis of global data revealed an increase in pericarditis and myocarditis reports associated with vaccines, particularly live vaccines like smallpox and anthrax, notably in young males. While these adverse events are generally rare and mild, caution is warranted, especially for healthcare workers, due to potential myocardial injury-related in-hospital mortality. Further study with validated reporting is crucial to enhance accuracy in evaluating the correlation between vaccines and cardiac conditions for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooji Lee
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesu Jo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Inserm U1153, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hongki Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Selin Woo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Arevalo-Romero JA, Chingaté-López SM, Camacho BA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Ramirez-Segura CA. Next-generation treatments: Immunotherapy and advanced therapies for COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26423. [PMID: 38434363 PMCID: PMC10907543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS in recent decades, underscoring their high potential of infectivity in humans. Insights from previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS have played a significant role in developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact of SARS-CoV-2. As of January 7, 2024, there have been 774,075,242 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses have been administered, and there have been 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/) Despite significant progress in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing global challenges. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, shaped by mutation and recombination processes, has led to successive waves of infections. This scenario reveals the need for next-generation vaccines as a crucial requirement for ensuring ongoing protection against SARS-CoV-2. This demand calls for formulations that trigger a robust adaptive immune response without leading the acute inflammation linked with the infection. Key mutations detected in the Spike protein, a critical target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design -specifically within the Receptor Binding Domain region of Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, have intensified concerns due to their association with immunity evasion from prior vaccinations and infections. As the world deals with this evolving threat, the narrative extends to the realm of emerging variants, each displaying new mutations with implications that remain largely misunderstood. Notably, the JN.1 Omicron lineage is gaining global prevalence, and early findings suggest it stands among the immune-evading variants, a characteristic attributed to its mutation L455S. Moreover, the detrimental consequences of the novel emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages bear a particularly critical impact on immunocompromised individuals and older adults. Immunocompromised individuals face challenges such as suboptimal responses to COVID-19 vaccines, rendering them more susceptible to severe disease. Similarly, older adults have an increased risk of severe disease and the presence of comorbid conditions, find themselves at a heightened vulnerability to develop COVID-19 disease. Thus, recognizing these intricate factors is crucial for effectively tailoring public health strategies to protect these vulnerable populations. In this context, this review aims to describe, analyze, and discuss the current progress of the next-generation treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches and advanced therapies emerging as complements that will offer solutions to counter the disadvantages of the existing options. Preliminary outcomes show that these strategies target the virus and address the immunomodulatory responses associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, the capacity to promote tissue repair has been demonstrated, which can be particularly noteworthy for immunocompromised individuals who stand as vulnerable actors in the global landscape of coronavirus infections. The emerging next-generation treatments possess broader potential, offering protection against a wide range of variants and enhancing the ability to counter the impact of the constant evolution of the virus. Furthermore, advanced therapies are projected as potential treatment alternatives for managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand addressing its associated long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Andrea Arevalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Sandra M. Chingaté-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Armando Camacho
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Cesar A. Ramirez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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9
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Homo RL, Colby DJ, Romo ML, Moreland S, Follen H, Hernandez B, Robinson D, Liesemer K, Paudel M, Crowell TA, Martin A, Armendi IF, Martinez-Bucki E, Bay J, Faestel P, Sainato R. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and myocarditis/pericarditis in the setting of active surveillance at a military treatment facility. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002599. [PMID: 37973371 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richelle L Homo
- Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - D J Colby
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Global Infectious Diseases, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - M L Romo
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Global Infectious Diseases, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - S Moreland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Global Infectious Diseases, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - H Follen
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - B Hernandez
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - D Robinson
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - K Liesemer
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - M Paudel
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Global Infectious Diseases, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - T A Crowell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Global Infectious Diseases, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - A Martin
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - I F Armendi
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - E Martinez-Bucki
- Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - J Bay
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - P Faestel
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - R Sainato
- Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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10
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Koupenova M, Chung MK, Bristow MR. COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System: Requiem for a Medical Minotaur. Circ Res 2023; 132:1255-1258. [PMID: 37167357 PMCID: PMC10171293 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina K. Chung
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Lerner Research Institute at Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.K.C.)
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