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Wang Q, Han J, Liang Z, Geng X, Du Y, Zhou J, Yao W, Xu T. FSH Is Responsible for Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Associated Atherosclerosis in Mice by Exaggerating Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:698-719. [PMID: 38205641 PMCID: PMC10880942 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. But ADTs with orchiectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which appears less significant with GnRH antagonist. The difference of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ADT modalities is hypothesized to be responsible for ADT-associated cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We administered orchiectomy, GnRH agonist, or GnRH antagonist in male ApoE-/- mice fed with Western diet and manipulated FSH levels by testosterone and FSH supplementation or FSH antibody to investigate the role of FSH elevation on atherosclerosis. By combining lipidomics, in vitro study, and intraluminal FSHR (FSH receptor) inhibition, we delineated the effects of FSH on endothelium and monocytes and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Orchiectomy and GnRH agonist, but not GnRH antagonist, induced long- or short-term FSH elevation and significantly accelerated atherogenesis. In orchiectomized and testosterone-supplemented mice, FSH exposure increased atherosclerosis. In GnRH agonist-treated mice, blocking of short FSH surge by anti-FSHβ antibody greatly alleviated endothelial inflammation and delayed atherogenesis. In GnRH antagonist-treated mice, FSH supplementation aggravated atherogenesis. Mechanistically, FSH, synergizing with TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), exacerbated endothelial inflammation by elevating VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion protein 1) expression through the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)/c-Jun and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta)/GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6) pathways. In monocytes, FSH upregulated CD29 (cluster of differentiation 29) expression via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/SP1 (specificity protein 1) pathway and promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FSHR knockdown by shRNA in endothelium of carotid arteries markedly reduced GnRH agonist-induced endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS FSH is responsible for ADT-associated atherosclerosis by exaggerating endothelial inflammation and promoting monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (Q.W.)
| | - Jingli Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Zhenhui Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.Y.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
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Achary AS, Mahapatra C. Reactive nitrogen species-mediated cell proliferation during tail regeneration and retinoic acid as a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the geckos. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203901. [PMID: 38278363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), a mediator of nitrosative stress, plays a vital role during wound healing but its role during tissue regeneration is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of RNS was investigated post-tail autotomy and limb amputation in a gecko species, Hemidactylus murrayi Gleadow, 1887. Tail autotomy led to an increased expression of iNOS and nitrosative stress leading to protein S-nitrosylation that probably restricted the acute inflammatory response caused by wounding. Increased nitrosative stress was also associated with proliferation of the wound epithelium and the tail blastema. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) caused retarded growth and structural abnormalities in the regenerating tail while peroxynitrite inhibitor (FeTmPyp) arrested tail regeneration. Spermine NONOate and retinoic acid, used as NO donors generated small outgrowths post-amputation of limbs with an increased number of proliferating cells and s-nitrosylation indicating the role of nitric oxide signalling in cell proliferation during regeneration. Additionally, retinoic acid treatment caused regeneration of nerve, muscle and adipose tissue in the regenerated limb structure 105 days post-amputation suggesting it to be a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the non-regenerating limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarada Achary
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
| | - Cuckoo Mahapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
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Cheraga N, Ye Z, Xu MJ, Zou L, Sun NC, Hang Y, Shan CJ, Yang ZZ, Chen LJ, Huang NP. Targeted therapy of atherosclerosis by pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid nanoparticles co-delivering all-trans retinal and rapamycin. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8709-8726. [PMID: 35673987 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the elderly worldwide, is typically characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a chronic inflammatory state at the arterial plaques. Herein, pH-sensitive nanoparticles (HRRAP NPs) co-delivering all-trans retinal (ATR), an antioxidant linked to hyaluronic acid (HA) through a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond, and rapamycin (RAP), an anti-atherosclerotic drug loaded into the nanoparticle core, are developed for targeted combination therapy of atherosclerosis. In this way, HRRAP NPs might simultaneously reduce ROS levels via ATR antioxidant activity and reduce inflammation via the anti-inflammatory effect of RAP. In response to mildly acidic conditions mimicking the lesional inflammation in vitro, HRRAP NPs dissociated and both ATR and RAP were effectively released. The developed HRRAP NPs effectively inhibited pro-inflammatory macrophage proliferation, and displayed dose- and time-dependent specific internalization by different cellular models of atherosclerosis. Also, HRRAP NP combination therapy showed an efficient synergetic anti-atherosclerotic effect in vitro by effectively inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in inflammatory cells. More importantly, HR NPs specifically accumulated in the atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, by active interaction with HA receptors overexpressed by different cells of the plaque. The treatment with HRRAP NPs remarkably inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice which resulted in stable plaques with considerably smaller necrotic cores, lower matrix metalloproteinase-9, and decreased proliferation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Furthermore, HRRAP NPs attenuated RAP adverse effects and exhibited a good safety profile after long-term treatment in mice. Consequently, the developed pH-sensitive HRRAP NP represent a promising nanoplatform for atherosclerosis combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Cheraga
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Jie Xu
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Ning-Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Cong-Jia Shan
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | | | - Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China.
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Markiewicz R, Litowczenko J, Gapiński J, Woźniak A, Jurga S, Patkowski A. Nanomolar Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Living Cells Measured by Means of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031010. [PMID: 35164275 PMCID: PMC8838662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the nitric oxide (NO) concentration in living cells in the physiological nanomolar range is crucial in understanding NO biochemical functions, as well as in characterizing the efficiency and kinetics of NO delivery by NO-releasing drugs. Here, we show that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is perfectly suited for these purposes, due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution. Using the fluorescent indicators, diaminofluoresceins (DAFs), and FCS, we measured the NO concentrations in NO-producing living human primary endothelial cells, as well as NO delivery kinetics, by an external NO donor to the immortal human epithelial living cells. Due to the high spatial resolution of FCS, the NO concentration in different parts of the cells were also measured. The detection of nitric oxide by means of diaminofluoresceins is much more efficient and faster in living cells than in PBS solutions, even though the conversion to the fluorescent form is a multi-step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Markiewicz
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.); (S.J.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.); (S.J.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacek Gapiński
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Woźniak
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.); (S.J.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.); (S.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Patkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.); (S.J.); (A.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
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Efe OE, Aydos TR, Emre Aydingoz S. Mechanism of acitretin-induced relaxations in isolated rat thoracic aorta preparations. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:35-42. [PMID: 34411501 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acitretin is a member of vitamin A-derived retinoids, and its effect on vascular smooth muscle had not yet been studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acitretin, a retinoid, on vascular smooth muscle contractility. Thoracic aorta preparations obtained from 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats (355 ± 15 g) were studied in isolated organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. The relaxation responses were obtained with acitretin (10-12-10-4 M) in endothelium-preserved and endothelium-denuded aorta preparations precontracted with submaximal concentration of phenylephrine (10-6 M). The role of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), nitric oxide, adenylyl, and guanylyl cyclase enzymes, and potassium channels in these relaxation responses were investigated. Acitretin produced concentration-dependent relaxations, which were independent of its solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), in endothelium-denuded phenylephrine-precontracted thoracic aorta preparations. While incubation with the RAR antagonist (AGN193109, 10-5 M) had no effect on these relaxations; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 10-4 M), adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (SQ2253, 10-5 M), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), 10-6 M), and potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium (TEA), 10-2 M) significantly eliminated the relaxation responses induced by acitretin. Acitretin induces relaxation in rat isolated thoracic aorta preparations without endothelium, which may be mediated by nitric oxide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent kinases and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Ekin Efe
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Reşat Aydos
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selda Emre Aydingoz
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wu J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Yang J. LncRNA CPhar mediates exercise-induced cardioprotection by promoting eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 via DDX17/PI3K/Akt pathway after MI/RI. Int J Cardiol 2021; 350:16. [PMID: 34954278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zujin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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Regulation of inflammation and COX-2 gene expression in benzo (a) pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in mice by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Life Sci 2021; 285:119967. [PMID: 34543639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inflammation provides favourable microenvironment for cancer development. An enhanced COX-2 gene expression is a key inflammatory mediator of cancers and the drug that inhibits it, helps to manage cancer effectively and increases survival rate. The objective is to analyse the inflammatory changes and COX-2 gene expression in benzo (a) pyrene induced mice and to evaluate the regulatory effect of all trans retinoic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The body and organ weights were recorded in B(a)P induced mice. The haematological parameters and serum inflammatory markers of carcinogenesis were tested. The H & E stained liver and lung tissues were examined for histopathologic changes. The COX-2 gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and qPCR in lung and liver. KEY FINDINGS The decreased body weight, increased organ weights and the damages in liver and lung were observed in B(a)P induced mice and were prevented significantly upon ATRA treatment. The lowered Hb, RBC and lymphocytes and an enhanced WBC, monocytes and neutrophils observed in B(a)P group were significantly reversed in treated group. A drastic increase in cancer associated inflammatory markers observed in B(a)P induced mice were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) reduced in treated mice. The RT-PCR product density of COX-2 gene was very high in B(a)P group (lung-0.43 ± 0.06; liver-0.39 ± 0.04) significantly lower in treated group (lung-0.12 ± 0.03; liver-0.08 ± 0.03) with a significant difference in RQ values (B(a)P lung-18.46 ± 0.04, liver-12.46 ± 0.08; treated lung-5.93 ± 0.07, liver-2.92 ± 0.10). SIGNIFICANCE The ATRA has decreased the inflammatory condition with downregulation of COX-2 gene expression and thereby prevented carcinogenesis during early stage of B(a)P induced cancer development.
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Liang XX, Wang RY, Guo YZ, Cheng Z, Lv DY, Luo MH, He A, Luo SX, Xia Y. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 regulates p-eNOS Ser1177 during physiological conditions. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1953-1964. [PMID: 33993653 PMCID: PMC8255840 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As a hallmark of eNOS activation, phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 induced by activated protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is pivotal for NO production. The complete activation of Akt requires its phosphorylation of both Thr308 and Ser473. However, which site plays the main role in regulating phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 is still controversial. The purpose of the present study is to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of phosphorylated Akt in eNOS activation. Inhibition of Akt Thr308 phosphorylation by a specific inhibitor or by siRNA in vitro led to a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and to lower NO concentration in the cell culture medium of HUVECs. However, inhibiting p‐Akt Ser473 had no effect on eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Next, we administered mice with inhibitors to downregulate p‐Akt Ser473 or Thr308 activity. Along with the inhibition of p‐Akt Thr308, vascular p‐eNOS Ser1177 protein was simultaneously downregulated in parallel with a decrease in plasma NO concentration. Additionally, we cultured HUVECs at various temperature conditions (37, 22, and 4 °C). The results showed that p‐Akt Ser473 was gradually decreased in line with the reduction in temperature, accompanied by increased levels of p‐Akt Thr308 and p‐eNOS Ser1177. Taken together, our study indicates that the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, but not at Ser473, plays a more significant role in regulating p‐eNOS Ser1177 levels under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Liang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ding-Yi Lv
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ming-Hao Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - An He
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Su-Xin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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10
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Liu YC, Tsai FJ, Chen CJ. A rapid, multiplexed kinase activity assay using 8-plex iTRAQ labeling, SPE, and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Analyst 2020; 145:992-1000. [PMID: 31829320 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01810g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized peptide substrates have been used for in vitro phosphorylation using purified kinases or cell lysates. For screening assays, a direct readout and comparison among different experimental conditions without using an internal standard would be preferred. In this study, we developed a rapid, quantitative measurement method of multikinase activity based on MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. We combined 8-plex iTRAQ-labeled peptide substrates, solid phase extraction (SPE), and a phosphorylated peptide purification plate to rapidly determine multikinase activity in cell lysates. To enable our platform to be applicable in insulin stimulation and cancer drug inhibition, a list of peptide substrates was designed. By labeling peptide substrates with 8-plex iTRAQ reagents, protein kinase activity in 8 samples could be directly compared using the mass tags on their fragmented ion spectra. The protein amount and incubation time for multikinase activity assays were optimized, and the effect of insulin stimulation and an inhibitory drug on the cellular protein kinase activity was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Ribot J, Arreguín A, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3640. [PMID: 31349613 PMCID: PMC6696161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the carboxylic form of vitamin A, lowers body weight in rodents by promoting oxidative metabolism in multiple tissues including white and brown adipose tissues. We aimed to identify novel markers of the metabolic impact of ATRA through targeted blood metabolomics analyses, with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Blood was obtained from mice treated with a high ATRA dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneous injection) or placebo (controls) during the 4 days preceding collection. LC-MS/MS analyses with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids were conducted on plasma and PBMC. Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio. While some of these features likely reflect the stimulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation promoted by ATRA treatment systemically, other may also play a causal role underlying ATRA actions. The results connect ATRA to specific nutrition-modulated biochemical pathways, and suggest novel mechanisms of action of vitamin A-derived retinoic acid on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Andrea Arreguín
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Cabou C, Honorato P, Briceño L, Ghezali L, Duparc T, León M, Combes G, Frayssinhes L, Fournel A, Abot A, Masri B, Parada N, Aguilera V, Aguayo C, Knauf C, González M, Radojkovic C, Martinez LO. Pharmacological inhibition of the F 1 -ATPase/P2Y 1 pathway suppresses the effect of apolipoprotein A1 on endothelial nitric oxide synthesis and vasorelaxation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13268. [PMID: 30821416 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The contribution of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is unclear, and there is little information regarding endothelial receptors involved in this effect. Ecto-F1 -ATPase is a receptor for APOA1, and its activity in endothelial cells is coupled to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-sensitive P2Y receptors (P2Y ADP receptors). Ecto-F1 -ATPase is involved in APOA1-mediated cell proliferation and HDL transcytosis. Here, we investigated the effect of lipid-free APOA1 and the involvement of ecto-F1 -ATPase and P2Y ADP receptors on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and the regulation of vascular tone. METHOD Nitric oxide synthesis was assessed in human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (HUVECs) and isolated mouse aortas. Changes in vascular tone were evaluated by isometric force measurements in isolated human umbilical and placental veins and by assessing femoral artery blood flow in conscious mice. RESULTS Physiological concentrations of lipid-free APOA1 enhanced endothelial NO synthesis, which was abolished by inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and of the ecto-F1 -ATPase/P2Y1 axis. Accordingly, APOA1 inhibited vasoconstriction induced by thromboxane A2 receptor agonist and increased femoral artery blood flow in mice. These effects were blunted by inhibitors of eNOS, ecto-F1 -ATPase and P2Y1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS Using a pharmacological approach, we thus found that APOA1 promotes endothelial NO production and thereby controls vascular tone in a process that requires activation of the ecto-F1 -ATPase/P2Y1 pathway by APOA1. Pharmacological targeting of this pathway with respect to vascular diseases should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cendrine Cabou
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy University Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Paula Honorato
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Luis Briceño
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Lamia Ghezali
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Marcelo León
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Guillaume Combes
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Laure Frayssinhes
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Audren Fournel
- UMR 1220, IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota (INSERM/UCL) University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Anne Abot
- UMR 1220, IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota (INSERM/UCL) University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Bernard Masri
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Nicol Parada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Valeria Aguilera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) Chillan Chile
| | - Claude Knauf
- UMR 1220, IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota (INSERM/UCL) University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Marcelo González
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) Chillan Chile
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Claudia Radojkovic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Laurent O. Martinez
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
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13
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Mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant effect of trans-4-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene in the rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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A Novel Ruthenium-based Molecular Sensor to Detect Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1720. [PMID: 30737439 PMCID: PMC6368587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of endothelial cell and vascular function. The direct measurement of NO is challenging due to its short half-life, and as such surrogate measurements are typically used to approximate its relative concentrations. Here we demonstrate that ruthenium-based [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ is a potent sensor for NO in its irreversible, NO-bound active form, [Ru(bpy)2(T-bpy)]2+. Using spectrophotometry we established the sensor’s ability to detect and measure soluble NO in a concentration-dependent manner in cell-free media. Endothelial cells cultured with acetylcholine or hydrogen peroxide to induce endogenous NO production showed modest increases of 7.3 ± 7.1% and 36.3 ± 25.0% respectively in fluorescence signal from baseline state, while addition of exogenous NO increased their fluorescence by 5.2-fold. The changes in fluorescence signal were proportionate and comparable against conventional NO assays. Rabbit blood samples immediately exposed to [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ displayed 8-fold higher mean fluorescence, relative to blood without sensor. Approximately 14% of the observed signal was NO/NO adduct-specific. Optimal readings were obtained when sensor was added to freshly collected blood, remaining stable during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles. Clinical studies are now required to test the utility of [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ as a sensor to detect changes in NO from human blood samples in cardiovascular health and disease.
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15
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Hou HT, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Chen TN, Zhang JL, Yang Q, He GW. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer AVE3085 reverses endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine in human internal mammary arteries. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:21-27. [PMID: 30300735 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that the eNOS transcription enhancer AVE3085 may protect the endothelial function damaged by Hcy in the human internal mammary artery (IMA). Cumulative concentration-relaxation curves to acetylcholine (-10 to -4.5 log mol/L) or sodium nitroprusside were established in IMA from patients undergoing coronary artery surgery precontracted by U46619 (-8 log mol/L) in the absence/presence of Hcy (100 μmol/L) with/without AVE3085 (30 μmol/L) in vitro in a myograph. RT-qPCR and ELISA were used to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of eNOS. Colorimetric assay method was used to detect the production of nitric oxide (NO). Maximal relaxation was significantly attenuated by Hcy in human IMA. Co-incubation with AVE3085 protected endothelium from the impairment by Hcy and increased the production of NO. Exposure to Hcy for 24 h downregulated eNOS protein expression (P < 0.05) whereas it upregulated the expression of eNOS at mRNA levels (P < 0.05). The presence of AVE3085 in addition to Hcy significantly increased the eNOS protein (P < 0.05) and slightly decreased the mRNA level. The study for the first time revealed that in the human blood vessels (IMA) the clinically-relevant high concentration of Hcy directly causes endothelial dysfunction by downregulating eNOS protein that may be reversed by AVE3085. These findings not only provide new direction for protecting endothelium during coronary artery bypass grafting and improving long-term patency of the grafts, but also provide evidence to the use of eNOS enhancer in the patients with endothelial dysfunction in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University& Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng-Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tie-Nan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University& Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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16
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Zhong C, Pu L, Fang M, Rao J, Wang X. ATRA Regulates Innate Immunity in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via RARα/Akt/Foxo1 Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:530-535. [PMID: 29607925 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been proved to protect liver from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, however, its mechanism is still unclear. This study is to investigate the mechanism of effect of ATRA on innate immunity in mice liver IR injury. Before operation, mice were gavaged by ATRA at 15 mg/kg/d for two weeks, and then the liver was underwent 70% ischemia (90 min) and reperfusion (6 h). Liver function was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (sAST). Real-time PCR and Western blot were to detect the level of mRNA and protein. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages were treatment with ATRA (1 µM) or LE540 (5 µM, a retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) receptor antagonist) before lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) stimulation. In vivo, ATRA protected the liver from IR injury by improving hepatocellular function (sALT and sAST), decreasing cell apoptosis and inhibiting inflammatory response (i.e., the level of toll-like receptor 4, transcription factor nuclear factor-κBp65, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). When RARα was blocked by LE540 in RAW264.7 macrophages, the inflammatory cytokines were enhancing, along with a decline of Akt phosphorylation but Forkhead box o (Foxo) 1, compared with the ATRA group. In summary, ATRA regulates in part the innate immunity to protect liver from IR injury by RARα/Akt/Foxo1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Liyong Pu
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commision.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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17
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Jiang W, Guo M, Gong M, Chen L, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Qu P, Liu Y, Chen J, Li T. Vitamin A bio-modulates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Mol Brain 2018. [PMID: 29534734 PMCID: PMC5851324 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can impair the postnatal cognitive function of rats by damaging the hippocampus. The present study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on apoptosis induced by hypoxic-ischemic damage in vivo and in vitro, and investigated the possible signaling pathway involved in the neuroprotective anti-apoptotic effects of RA. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and behavioral tests were used to evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of RA. The protein and mRNA levels of RARα, PI3K, Akt, Bad, caspase-3, caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bid were measured with western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. We found impairments in learning and spatial memory in VAD group compared with vitamin A normal (VAN) and vitamin A supplemented (VAS) group. Additionally, we showed that hippocampal apoptosis was weaker in the VAN group than that in VAD group. Relative to the VAD group, the VAN group also had increased mRNA and protein levels of RARα and PI3K, and upregulated phosphorylated Akt/Bad levels in vivo. In vitro, excessively low or high RA signaling promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects on apoptosis involved the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These data support the idea that sustained VAD following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) inhibits RARα, which downregulates the PI3K/Akt/Bad and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and upregulates the caspase-8/Bid pathway to influence the MMP, ultimately producing deficits in learning and spatial memory in adolescence. This suggests that clinical interventions for HIBD should include suitable doses of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Children Rehabilitation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Guo
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Children Rehabilitation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Gong
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Youxue Liu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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18
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Zhu H. ATRA improves endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic rabbits by decreasing CAV‑1 expression and enhancing eNOS activity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6796-6802. [PMID: 29488619 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of all‑trans‑retinoic acid (ATRA) against atherosclerosis (AS). Rabbits were randomly allocated for standard or high‑fat diet with or without ATRA. After 12 weeks, the aortic rings of the rabbits were removed. Endothelium‑dependent relaxation (EDR) induced by acetylcholine and non‑endothelium‑dependent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside in the thoracic aorta were evaluated. NO level and eNOS activity were measured according to the protocol of NO and eNOS ELISA kits. The permeability and morphology of the arterial walls were identified by immunofluorescence and H&E staining respectively. The expression of caveolin‑1 (CAV‑1) and occludin was analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The EDR function was significantly reduced in the AS rabbits compared with the normal group, however it was elevated following treatment with ATRA. The eNOS activity and NO level were reduced in the AS group, however were notably increased following oral administration of ATRA. There was an enhancement of endothelial permeability in the AS group compared with the normal group, which decreased following ATRA treatment. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis identified an increase in occludin expression after treatment with ATRA, in contrast to CAV‑1 expression under the same conditions. ATRA is able to ameliorate high‑fat‑induced AS in rabbits, which is mediated through the activation of eNOS and downregulating CAV‑1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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19
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Pein H, Koeberle SC, Voelkel M, Schneider F, Rossi A, Thürmer M, Loeser K, Sautebin L, Morrison H, Werz O, Koeberle A. Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition. FASEB J 2017; 31:4566-4577. [PMID: 28687611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt, mediate manifold bioactivities of vitamin A, although the mechanisms behind the sustained kinase activation are diffuse. To investigate the role of cellular lipids as targetable factors in Akt signaling, we combined mass spectrometry-based lipidomics with immunologic detection of Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. A screening campaign revealed retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and all-trans retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) (RA) as hits that time-dependently (≥24 h) deplete phosphatidylcholine-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-PCs) from NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts while inducing Akt activation (EC50 ≈ 0.1-1 µM). Other mitogenic and stress-regulated kinases were hardly affected. Organized in a coregulated phospholipid subcluster, PUFA-PCs compensated for the RA-induced loss of cellular PUFA-PCs and diminished Akt activation when supplemented. The counter-regulation of phospholipids and Akt by RA was mimicked by knockdown of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 or the selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene and prevented by the selective RXR antagonist Hx531. Treatment of mice with retinol decreased the tissue ratio of PUFA-PC and enhanced basal Akt activation preferentially in brain, which was attributed to astrocytes in dissociated cortical cultures. Together, our findings show that RA regulates the long-term activation of Akt by changes in the phospholipid composition.-Pein, H., Koeberle, S. C., Voelkel, M., Schneider, F., Rossi, A., Thürmer, M., Loeser, K., Sautebin, L., Morrison, H., Werz, O., Koeberle, A. Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Pein
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Maria Voelkel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Freya Schneider
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Thürmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany;
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20
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Chiasson VL, Pakanati AR, Hernandez M, Young KJ, Bounds KR, Mitchell BM. Regulatory T-Cell Augmentation or Interleukin-17 Inhibition Prevents Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2017; 70:183-191. [PMID: 28584011 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A and tacrolimus alter T-cell subsets and can cause hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and renal toxicity. We and others have reported that cyclosporine A and tacrolimus decrease anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and increase proinflammatory interleukin-17-producing T cells; therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of these effects using noncellular therapies would prevent the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal glomerular injury induced by calcineurin inhibitor therapy. Daily treatment of mice with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus for 1 week significantly decreased CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as induced hypertension, vascular injury and dysfunction, and glomerular mesangial expansion in mice. Daily cotreatment with all-trans retinoic acid reported to increase regulatory T cells and decrease interleukin-17-producing T cells, prevented all of the detrimental effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. All-trans retinoic acid also increased regulatory T cells and prevented the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and glomerular injury in genetically modified mice that phenocopy calcineurin inhibitor-treated mice (FKBP12-Tie2 knockout). Treatment with an interleukin-17-neutralizing antibody also increased regulatory T-cell levels and prevented the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and glomerular injury in cyclosporine A-treated and tacrolimus-treated mice and FKBP12-Tie2 knockout mice, whereas an isotype control had no effect. Augmenting regulatory T cells and inhibiting interleukin-17 signaling using noncellular therapies prevents the cardiovascular and renal toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valorie L Chiasson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Abhinandan R Pakanati
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Marcos Hernandez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Kristina J Young
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple.
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Lowe FJ, Luettich K, Talikka M, Hoang V, Haswell LE, Hoeng J, Gaca MD. Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway for the Onset of Hypertension by Oxidative Stress-Mediated Perturbation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frazer J. Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Vy Hoang
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linsey E. Haswell
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marianna D. Gaca
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
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22
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van Lith R, Wang X, Ameer G. Biodegradable Elastomers with Antioxidant and Retinoid-like Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:268-277. [PMID: 27347559 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a type of scarring that involves complex pathophysiological responses of the vasculature to injury, including overproliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), adventitial fibroblasts, and the activation of macrophages. The objective of this research was to develop a biodegradable polymer with intrinsic properties that would combat the cellular processes that contribute to IH. Citric acid, 1,8-octanediol, and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) were incorporated into a polyester network via a condensation reaction to form the thermoset poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate-co-retinate) (POCR). POCR was chemically characterized and assessed for the presence of antioxidant and retinoidlike properties. HNMR and ATR-FTIR confirmed the incorporation of atRA into the backbone of the polymer network. POCR was able to scavenge radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells cultured on POCR were inhibited, whereas endothelial cell proliferation and migration were not. These results are consistent with the biological effects of atRA. These results are the first to demonstrate the synthesis of a polymer with intrinsic antirestenotic properties for potential use in the fabrication of vascular devices such as stents and vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van Lith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Guillermo Ameer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Zhong C, Pu LY, Fang MM, Gu Z, Rao JH, Wang XH. Retinoic acid receptor α promotes autophagy to alleviate liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12381-12391. [PMID: 26604645 PMCID: PMC4649121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the role of autophagy and the relationship between retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and autophagy in liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.
METHODS: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was administered to mice for two weeks before operation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of related factors. To demonstrate the role of RARα, LE540, a RARα inhibitor, was used to treat hepatocytes injured by H2O2in vitro.
RESULTS: ATRA pretreatment noticeably diminished levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the degree of histopathological changes. Apoptosis was also inhibited, whereas autophagy was promoted. In vitro, RARα was inhibited by LE540, which resulted in decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. Similarly, the expression of Foxo3a and p-Akt was downregulated, but Foxo1 expression was upregulated.
CONCLUSION: This research provides evidence that ATRA can protect the liver from IR injury by promoting autophagy, which is dependent on Foxo3/p-Akt/Foxo1 signaling.
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Applegate CC, Lane MA. Role of retinoids in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:184-203. [PMID: 26483874 PMCID: PMC4606174 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoids, have been widely studied for their use as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. With respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), several critical mutations dysregulate pathways implicated in progression and metastasis, resulting in aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling, gain-of-function mutations in K-ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression, reduction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation, and loss of p53 function. Dysregulation leads to increased cellular proliferation and invasion and decreased cell-cell interaction and differentiation. Retinoids affect these pathways by various mechanisms, many involving retinoic acid receptors (RAR). RAR bind to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to induce the transcription of genes responsible for cellular differentiation. Although most research concerning the chemotherapeutic efficacy of retinoids focuses on the ability of ATRA to decrease cancer cell proliferation, increase differentiation, or promote apoptosis; as CRC progresses, RAR expression is often lost, rendering treatment of CRCs with ATRA ineffective. Our laboratory focuses on the ability of dietary vitamin A to decrease CRC cell proliferation and invasion via RAR-independent pathways. This review discusses our research and others concerning the ability of retinoids to ameliorate the defective signaling pathways listed above and decrease tumor cell proliferation and invasion through both RAR-dependent and RAR-independent mechanisms.
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Salim HM, Fukuda D, Higashikuni Y, Tanaka K, Hirata Y, Yagi S, Soeki T, Shimabukuro M, Sata M. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in normoglycemic apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 79:16-23. [PMID: 26277250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have vasoprotective effects. This study investigated whether a recently approved DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin (Lina), suppresses atherogenesis in non-diabetic apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice, and examined its effects on endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Lina (10mg/kg/day) was administered orally to ApoE(-/-) mice for 20 weeks. Lina reduced atherogenesis without alteration of metabolic parameters including blood glucose level compared with control (P<0.05). Results of immunohistochemical analyses and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that Lina significantly decreased inflammatory molecule expression and macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic aorta. Lina administration to ApoE(-/-) mice for 9 weeks ameliorated endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared with that in untreated mice. Plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level was significantly higher in the treated group (P<0.05). Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP-1 analog, ameliorated endothelium-dependent vasodilation impaired by palmitic acid (PA) in wild-type mouse aortic segments. Ex-4 promoted phosphorylation of eNOS(Ser1177) and Akt, both of which were abrogated by PA, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, Lina administration to ApoE(-/-) mice decreased oxidative stress, as determined by urinary 8-OHdG secretion and NADPH oxidase subunit expression in the abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION Lina inhibited atherogenesis in non-diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice. Amelioration of endothelial dysfunction associated with a reduction of oxidative stress by GLP-1 contributes to the atheroprotective effects of Lina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotimah Masdan Salim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan.
| | | | - Kimie Tanaka
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
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26
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Garza AE, Pojoga LH, Moize B, Hafiz WM, Opsasnick LA, Siddiqui WT, Horenstein M, Adler GK, Williams GH, Khalil RA. Critical Role of Striatin in Blood Pressure and Vascular Responses to Dietary Sodium Intake. Hypertension 2015; 66:674-80. [PMID: 26169051 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Striatin is a protein regulator of vesicular trafficking in neurons that also binds caveolin-1 and Ca(2+)-calmodulin and could activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase. We have shown that striatin colocalizes with the mineralocorticoid receptor and that mineralocorticoid receptor activation increases striatin levels in vascular cells. To test whether striatin is a regulator of vascular function, wild-type and heterozygous striatin-deficient mice (Strn(+/-)) were randomized in crossover intervention to restricted (0.03%) and liberal sodium (1.6%) diets for 7 days on each diet, and blood pressure and aortic vascular function were measured. Compared with wild-type, sodium restriction significantly reduced blood pressure in Strn(+/-). On liberal salt intake, phenylephrine and high KCl caused a greater vascular contraction in Strn(+/-) than wild-type, and endothelium removal, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ enhanced phenylephrine contraction to a smaller extent in Strn(+/-) than wild-type. On liberal salt, acetylcholine relaxation was less in Strn(+/-) than in wild-type, and endothelium removal, L-NAME, and ODQ blocked acetylcholine relaxation, suggesting changes in endothelial NO-cGMP. On liberal salt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression and the ratio of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activator pAkt/total Akt were decreased in Strn(+/-) versus wild-type. Vascular relaxation to NO donor sodium nitroprusside was not different among groups. Thus, striatin deficiency is associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure, enhanced vasoconstriction, and decreased vascular relaxation, suggesting a critical role for striatin, through modulation of endothelial NO-cGMP, in regulation of vascular function and BP during changes in sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Garza
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luminita H Pojoga
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Burhanuddin Moize
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wan M Hafiz
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren A Opsasnick
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Waleed T Siddiqui
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Horenstein
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gail K Adler
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gordon H Williams
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- From the Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (A.E.G., L.H.P., B.M., W.M.H., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular Surgery (L.A.O., W.T.S., M.H., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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He X, Bi XY, Lu XZ, Zhao M, Yu XJ, Sun L, Xu M, Wier WG, Zang WJ. Reduction of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interactions by Acetylcholine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells From Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1623-34. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
We explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk involving voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1)/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 in endothelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and investigated the protective effects of acetylcholine.
Approach and Results—
Acetylcholine treatment during reoxygenation prevented intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
increases and alleviated ER Ca
2+
depletion during H/R in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, acetylcholine enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited proapoptotic cascades, thereby reducing cell death and preserving endothelial ultrastructure. This effect was likely mediated by the type-3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. In addition, interactions among members of the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex were increased after H/R and were associated with mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and cell death. Inhibition of the partner of the Ca
2+
channeling complex (VDAC1 siRNA) or a reduction in ER–mitochondria tethering (mitofusin 2 siRNA) prevented the increased protein interaction within the complex and reduced mitochondrial Ca
2+
accumulation and subsequent endothelial cell death after H/R. Intriguingly, acetylcholine could modulate ER–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk by inhibiting the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 expression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase siRNA diminished acetylcholine-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex formation induced by H/R.
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that ER–mitochondria interplay plays an important role in reperfusion injury in the endothelium and may be a novel molecular target for endothelial protection. Acetylcholine attenuates both intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and protects endothelial cells from H/R injury, presumably by disrupting the ER–mitochondria interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xue-yuan Bi
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xing-zhu Lu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xiao-jiang Yu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Lei Sun
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Man Xu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - W. Gil Wier
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Wei-jin Zang
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
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Hirotsu Y, Higashi C, Fukutomi T, Katsuoka F, Tsujita T, Yagishita Y, Matsuyama Y, Motohashi H, Uruno A, Yamamoto M. Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 1 impairs glucose metabolism in mice. Genes Cells 2014; 19:650-65. [PMID: 25041126 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nrf1 (NF-E2-related factor 1) is a basic region leucine zipper-type transcription factor belonging to the CNC (cap-'n'-collar) family. Major pathophysiological contribution of Nrf1 remains unclear. As single nucleotide polymorphism rs3764400 in 5'-flanking region of NRF1 gene appears to associate with obesity, in this study, we focused on the Nrf1 function on metabolism. We found that the risk C allele of rs3764400 increased NRF1 gene transcriptional activity compared with the T allele in hepatoma cell lines. Therefore, we newly established Nrf1 transgenic (Nrf1-Tg) mouse lines and examined roles that Nrf1 plays on the obesity and metabolism. Unexpectedly, Nrf1 over-expression repressed bodyweight gain in both lean and diet-induced obesity mice. Of note, Nrf1-Tg mice showed rise in blood glucose levels; Nrf1 strongly reduced glucose infusion rate in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp test and increased blood glucose levels in insulin tolerance test, indicating that Nrf1 induces insulin resistance in mice. Nrf1 repressed insulin-regulated glycolysis-related gene expression and gave rise to loss of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate contents in liver. Consistently, Nrf1 heterozygote improved impaired glucose regulations in diet-induced obesity model. These results showed that Nrf1 contributes to metabolic regulation, which gain-of-function develops diabetes mellitus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Ying WZ, Aaron KJ, Sanders PW. Sodium and potassium regulate endothelial phospholipase C-γ and Bmx. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F58-63. [PMID: 24785188 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00615.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of Na(+) and K(+) in the diet promotes significant changes in endothelial cell function. In the present study, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments determined the role of Na(+) and K(+) in the regulation of two pleckstrin homology domain-containing intracellular signaling molecules, phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1 and epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase/bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (Bmx), and agonist-generated Ca(2+) signaling in the endothelium. Extracellular K(+) concentration regulated the levels of activated PLC-γ1, Bmx, and carbachol-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human endothelial cells. Additional experiments confirmed that high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediated these effects. The content of Na(+) and K(+) in the diet also regulated Bmx levels in endothelial cells and activated PLC-γ1 levels in rats in vivo. The effects of dietary K(+) on Bmx were more pronounced in rats fed a high-salt diet compared with rats fed a low-salt diet. These experiments elucidated an endothelial cell signaling mechanism regulated by electrolytes, further demonstrating an integral relationship between endothelial cell function and dietary Na(+) and K(+) content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Kristal J Aaron
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Manolescu DC, Jankowski M, Danalache BA, Wang D, Broderick TL, Chiasson JL, Gutkowska J. All-trans retinoic acid stimulates gene expression of the cardioprotective natriuretic peptide system and prevents fibrosis and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of obese ob/ob mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1127-36. [PMID: 25017112 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In hypertensive rodents, retinoic acid (RA) prevents adverse cardiac remodelling and improves myocardial infarction outcome, but its role in obesity-related changes of cardiac tissue are unclear. We hypothesized that all-trans RA (ATRA) treatment will improve the cardioprotective oxytocin-natriuretic peptides (OT-NP) system, preventing apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice, a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. Female 9-week-old B6.V-Lep/J ob/ob mice (n = 16) were divided into 2 groups: 1 group (n = 8) treated with 100 μg of ATRA dissolved in 100 μL of corn oil (vehicle) delivered daily (∼2 μg·g body weight(-1)·day(-1)) by stomach intubation for 16 days, and 1 group (n = 8) that received the vehicle alone. A group of nonobese littermate mice (n = 9) served as controls. Ob/ob mice exhibited obesity, hyperglycaemia, and downregulation of the cardiac OT-NP system, including the mRNA for the transcription factor GATA4, OT receptor and brain NP, and the protein expression for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hearts from ob/ob mice also demonstrated increased apoptosis and collagen accumulation. ATRA treatment induced weight loss and decreased adipocytes diameter in the visceral fat, thus reducing visceral obesity, which is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. RA treatment was associated with a reduction in hyperglycemia and a normalization of the OT-NP system's expression in the hearts of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, ATRA treatment prevented apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice. The present study indicates that ATRA treatment was effective in restoring the cardioprotective OT-NP system and in preventing abnormal cardiac remodelling in the ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Constantin Manolescu
- a Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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31
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Uruno A, Saito-Hakoda A, Yokoyama A, Kogure N, Matsuda K, Parvin R, Shimizu K, Sato I, Kudo M, Yoshikawa T, Kagechika H, Iwasaki Y, Ito S, Sugawara A. Retinoic acid receptor-α up-regulates proopiomelanocortin gene expression in AtT20 corticotroph cells. Endocr J 2014; 61:1105-14. [PMID: 25132258 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by excessive ACTH secretion from a corticotroph tumor of the pituitary gland. Although its standard therapy is a transsphenoidal surgery, innovation of novel medical treatments for the disease is urgently necessary. Retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in Cushing's disease. However, the role of RA receptor (RAR) in proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene expression remains uncertain. We here examined the involvement of RARα in Pomc regulation using AtT20 corticotroph cells. Surprisingly, a synthetic RARα agonist Am80 increased Pomc mRNA expression, CRH-induced ACTH secretion, and Pomc promoter activity. Small interfering RNA-mediated RARα-knockdown suppressed both basal and Am80-induced Pomc promoter activity. RARα-overexpression dose-dependently increased Pomc promoter activity. Pomc promoter mutation analysis revealed that both Tpit and NeuroD1 binding elements were responsible for the Am80-mediated effect. Am80 increased Tpit expression while RAR antagonist LE540 suppressed the increase. Tpit-overexpression increased Pomc promoter activity. Mammalian two-hybrid assay revealed that Am80 induced NeuroD1-RARα interaction. NeuroD1-overexpression enhanced the Am80-induced Pomc promoter activity, which was suppressed by NeuroD1 truncated mutant-overexpression. RARα thus positively regulates ACTH secretion/Pomc gene expression through interaction with NeuroD1 and Tpit expression increase. The present observation will be useful for the future development of the RA/retinoid-derived therapeutics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Pojoga LH, Yao TM, Opsasnick LA, Garza AE, Reslan OM, Adler GK, Williams GH, Khalil RA. Dissociation of hyperglycemia from altered vascular contraction and relaxation mechanisms in caveolin-1 null mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:260-70. [PMID: 24281385 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.209189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction are associated with hypertension, but the specific causality and genetic underpinning are unclear. Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is a plasmalemmal anchoring protein and modulator of vascular function and glucose homeostasis. Cav-1 gene variants are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in hypertensive individuals, and cav-1(-/-) mice show endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, and increased blood pressure (BP). On the other hand, insulin-sensitizing therapy with metformin may inadequately control hyperglycemia while affecting the vascular outcome in certain patients with diabetes. To test whether the pressor and vascular changes in cav-1 deficiency states are related to hyperglycemia and to assess the vascular mechanisms of metformin under these conditions, wild-type (WT) and cav-1(-/-) mice were treated with either placebo or metformin (400 mg/kg daily for 21 days). BP and fasting blood glucose were in cav-1(-/-) > WT and did not change with metformin. Phenylephrine (Phe)- and KCl-induced aortic contraction was in cav-1(-/-) < WT; endothelium removal, the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) blocker L-NAME (N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) enhanced Phe contraction, and metformin blunted this effect. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was in cav-1(-/-) > WT, abolished by endothelium removal, L-NAME or ODQ, and reduced with metformin. Nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside was more potent in inducing relaxation in cav-1(-/-) than in WT, and metformin reversed this effect. Aortic eNOS, AMPK, and sGC were in cav-1(-/-) > WT, and metformin decreased total and phosphorylated eNOS and AMPK in cav-1(-/-). Thus, metformin inhibits both vascular contraction and NO-cGMP-dependent relaxation but does not affect BP or blood glucose in cav-1(-/-) mice, suggesting dissociation of hyperglycemia from altered vascular function in cav-1-deficiency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita H Pojoga
- Cardiovascular Endocrine Section, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Division (L.H.P., T.M.Y., A.E.G., G.K.A., G.H.W.), and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (L.A.O., O.M.R., R.A.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) regulates a broad cytoprotective response to environmental stresses. Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) is an adaptor protein for cullin3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase and negatively regulates Nrf2. Whereas the Keap1-Nrf2 system plays important roles in oxidative stress response and metabolism, the roles Nrf2 plays in the prevention of diabetes mellitus remain elusive. Here we show that genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling by Keap1 gene hypomorphic knockdown (Keap1flox/-) markedly suppresses the onset of diabetes. When Keap1flox/- mice were crossed with diabetic db/db mice, blood glucose levels became lower through improvement of both insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Keap1flox/- also prevented high-calorie-diet-induced diabetes. Oral administration of the Nrf2 inducer CDDO-Im {oleanolic acid 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] imidazole} also attenuated diabetes in db/db mice. Nrf2 induction altered antioxidant-, energy consumption-, and gluconeogenesis-related gene expression in metabolic tissues. Thus, the Keap1-Nrf2 system is a critical target for preventing the onset of diabetes mellitus.
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Kurakula K, Hamers AAJ, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis: a superfamily with many 'Goodfellas'. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:71-84. [PMID: 22664910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors form a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that exhibit a plethora of functions in steroid hormone signaling, regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm and cellular differentiation. In this review, we describe our current knowledge on the role of Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis, which is a multifactorial disease of the vessel wall. Various cell types are involved in this chronic inflammatory pathology in which multiple cellular processes and numerous genes are dysregulated. Systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are among others adverse blood lipid profiles, enhanced circulating cytokine levels, as well as increased blood pressure. Since many Nuclear Receptors modulate lipid profiles or regulate blood pressure they indirectly affect atherosclerosis. In the present review, we focus on the functional involvement of Nuclear Receptors within the atherosclerotic vessel wall, more specifically on their modulation of cellular functions in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Collectively, this overview shows that most of the Nuclear Receptors are athero-protective in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Rassaf T, Kelm M. Protection from diabetic cardiomyopathy - putative role of the retinoid receptor-mediated signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:179-80. [PMID: 23542309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Wang Y, Han Y, Yang J, Wang Z, Liu L, Wang W, Zhou L, Wang D, Tan X, Fu C, Jose PA, Zeng C. Relaxant effect of all-trans-retinoic acid via NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and calcium-activated potassium channels in rat mesenteric artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H51-7. [PMID: 23125214 PMCID: PMC3543680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00240.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) results in a reduction of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the mechanisms involved in this effect are not clear. We hypothesized that ATRA may relax resistance arteries. In this study, we found that ATRA relaxed phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arterial rings, which were abrogated by the removal of the endothelium. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact arterial rings with an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), or soluble guanylyl cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]-quinoxaline-1-one, reduced the vasorelaxant effect of ATRA. Incubation of mesenteric arterial rings with ATRA increased the production of NO and cGMP, which were blocked by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. The vasorelaxant effect of ATRA was markedly attenuated in the presence of an inhibitor of big conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (charybdotoxin), but not with an inhibitor of voltage-dependent potassium channel (4-aminopyridine) or ATP-sensitive potassium channel (glibenclamide). Activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) with CH55 or retinoic X receptors (RXRs) with LGD1069 induced the vasorelaxation of phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arterial rings. The RAR (BMS493) and RXR (UVI3003) antagonists blocked the ATRA-induced vasorelaxation. The vasorelaxant effect ATRA is physiologically relevant because the intravenous infusion of ATRA decreased blood pressure in normotensive rats. We conclude that ATRA relaxes resistance vessels via both RARs and RXRs receptors that are mediated by the endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP pathway, which may participate in the control of blood pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/enzymology
- Myography
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/drug effects
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors/drug effects
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Second Messenger Systems/drug effects
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
- Time Factors
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Chongqing, China
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Chen L, Lau AG, Sarti F. Synaptic retinoic acid signaling and homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2012; 78:3-12. [PMID: 23270606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the defining features of the nervous system is its ability to modify synaptic strength in an experience-dependent manner. Chronic elevation or reduction of network activity activates compensatory mechanisms that modulate synaptic strength in the opposite direction (i.e. reduced network activity leads to increased synaptic strength), a process called homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Among the many mechanisms that mediate homeostatic synaptic plasticity, retinoic acid (RA) has emerged as a novel signaling molecule that is critically involved in homeostatic synaptic plasticity induced by blockade of synaptic activity. In neurons, silencing of synaptic transmission triggers RA synthesis. RA then acts at synapses by a non-genomic mechanism that is independent of its well-known function as a transcriptional regulator, but operates through direct activation of protein translation in neuronal dendrites. Protein synthesis is activated by RA-binding to its receptor RARα, which functions locally in dendrites in a non-canonical manner as an RNA-binding protein that mediate RA's effect on translation. The present review will discuss recent progress in our understanding of the novel role of RA, which led to the identification of RA as a critical synaptic signaling molecule that mediates activity-dependent regulation of protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Stanford Institute of Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA.
| | - Anthony G Lau
- Stanford Institute of Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA
| | - Federica Sarti
- Stanford Institute of Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA; University of California, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
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Bivalacqua TJ, Musicki B, Kutlu O, Burnett AL. New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease‐Associated Priapism. J Sex Med 2012; 9:79-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rhee EJ, Nallamshetty S, Plutzky J. Retinoid metabolism and its effects on the vasculature. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:230-40. [PMID: 21810483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids, the metabolically-active structural derivatives of vitamin A, are critical signaling molecules in many fundamental biological processes including cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Emerging evidence, both clinical and molecular, implicates retinoids in atherosclerosis and other vasculoproliferative disorders such as restenosis. Although the data from clinical trials examining effect of vitamin A and vitamin precursors on cardiac events have been contradictory, this data does suggest that retinoids do influence fundamental processes relevant to atherosclerosis. Preclinical animal model and cellular studies support these concepts. Retinoids exhibit complex effects on proliferation, growth, differentiation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), including responses to injury and atherosclerosis. Retinoids also appear to exert important inhibitory effects on thrombosis and inflammatory responses relevant to atherogenesis. Recent studies suggest retinoids may also be involved in vascular calcification and endothelial function, for example, by modulating nitric oxide pathways. In addition, established retinoid effects on lipid metabolism and adipogenesis may indirectly influence inflammation and atherosclerosis. Collectively, these observations underscore the scope and complexity of retinoid effects relevant to vascular disease. Additional studies are needed to elucidate how context and metabolite-specific retinoid effects affect atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Uruno A, Noguchi N, Matsuda K, Nata K, Yoshikawa T, Chikamatsu Y, Kagechika H, Harigae H, Ito S, Okamoto H, Sugawara A. All-trans retinoic acid and a novel synthetic retinoid tamibarotene (Am80) differentially regulate CD38 expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells: possible involvement of protein kinase C-delta. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:235-47. [PMID: 21393419 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRA and a synthetic RAR agonist tamibarotene (Am80) induce granulocytic differentiation of human acute leukemia HL-60 cells and have been used in antineoplastic therapy. ATRA induces CD38 antigen during HL-60 cell differentiation, which interacts with CD31 antigen on the vascular EC surface and may induce disadvantages in the therapy. We here examined the mechanisms of the ATRA-mediated CD38 induction and compared the difference between ATRA- and tamibarotene-mediated induction. Tamibarotene-induced HL-60 cell adhesion to ECs was 38% lower than ATRA, and NB4 cell adhesion to ECs by tamibarotene was equivalent to ATRA, which induced CD38 gene transcription biphasically in HL-60 cells, the early-phase induction via DR-RARE containing intron 1, and the delayed-phase induction via RARE lacking the 5'-flanking region. In contrast to ATRA, tamibarotene induced only the early-phase induction, resulting in its lower CD38 induction than ATRA. A PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin, and siRNA-mediated PKCδ knockdown suppressed the ATRA-induced CD38 promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region, whereas a RAR antagonist, LE540, or RAR knockdown did not affect it. Cycloheximide and rottlerin suppressed the delayed-phase induction of CD38 expression by ATRA but did not affect the early-phase induction. Moreover, ATRA, but not tamibarotene, induced PKCδ expression without affecting its mRNA stability. The diminished effect of tamibarotene on CD38-mediated HL-60 cell adhesion to ECs compared with ATRA is likely a result of the lack of its delayed-phase induction of CD38 expression, which may be advantageous in antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Department of Advanced Biological Sciences for Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Yi XQ, Li T, Wang JR, Wong VKW, Luo P, Wong IYF, Jiang ZH, Liu L, Zhou H. Total ginsenosides increase coronary perfusion flow in isolated rat hearts through activation of PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1006-15. [PMID: 20724124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng is the most popular herb used for treatment of ischemic heart diseases in Chinese community; ginsenosides are considered to be the major active ingredients. However, whether ginsenosides can enhance the coronary artery flow of ischemic heart and, if so, by what mechanisms they do this, remains unclear. METHODS Isolated rat hearts with ischemia/reperfusion injury in Langendorff system were employed for examining the effect of total ginsenosides (TGS) on coronary perfusion flow (CPF). In addition, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were used for mechanistic study. Levels of various vasodilative molecules, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²+](i)), and expressions and activation of proteins involving regulation of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways in heart tissues and HAECs were determined. RESULTS TGS dose-dependently and significantly increased CPF and improved systolic and diastolic function of the ischemia/reperfused rat heart, while inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), heme oxygenase (HO), cyclooxygenase (COX), and potassium channel abolished the vasodilation effect of TGS. Positive control verapamil was effective only in increasing CPF. TGS elevated levels of NO and 6-keto-prostaglandin F₁α, a stable hydrolytic product of prostacyclin I₂ (PGI₂), in both coronary effluents and supernatants of HAECs culturing medium, and augmented [Ca²+](i) in HAECs. TGS significantly up-regulated expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylations of Akt and endothelial NOS (eNOS) as well. CONCLUSIONS TGS significantly increased CPF of ischemia/reperfused rat hearts through elevation of NO production via activation of PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling. In addition, PGI₂, EDHF and CO pathways also partially participated in vasodilation induced by TGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qin Yi
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Doi T, Sugimoto K, Ruttenstock E, Dingemann J, Puri P. Prenatal retinoic acid upregulates pulmonary gene expression of PI3K and AKT in nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypoplasia. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:1011-5. [PMID: 20623292 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise mechanism of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) still remains unclear. Recently, prenatal treatment with retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to stimulate alveologenesis in hypoplastic lungs in the nitrofen model of CDH. The serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) plays a key role in lung morphogenesis through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. It has been reported that the lung morphogenesis in explants in mice is interfered by inhibitors of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we have recently shown that nitrofen inhibits PI3K-AKT signaling during mid-to-late lung morphogenesis in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung. We hypothesized that prenatal administration of RA upregulates pulmonary gene expression of PI3K and AKT in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to either olive oil or nitrofen on day 9 of gestation (D9). 5 mg/kg of RA was given on D18, D19 and D20. The fetuses were harvested on D21, and fetal lungs were obtained and divided into four groups: control, control + RA, nitrofen, nitrofen + RA. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT were analyzed in each lung by real-time RT-PCR and statistically analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to evaluate protein expression of PI3K and AKT in the fetal lungs at D21. RESULTS The pulmonary gene expression levels of PI3K and AKT were significantly upregulated in nitrofen + RA group compared to nitrofen group and control + RA group (p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences between controls and control + RA group. Immunoreactivity of PI3K and AKT was markedly increased in nitrofen + RA lungs compared to nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PI3K and AKT genes after prenatal treatment with RA in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung suggests that RA may have a therapeutic potential in modulating lung alveologenesis by stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction via PI3K-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Doi
- The Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
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Estephane D, Anctil M. Retinoic acid and nitric oxide promote cell proliferation and differentially induce neuronal differentiation in vitro in the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri. Dev Neurobiol 2010; 70:842-52. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang E, Jiang B, Yokochi A, Maruyama J, Mitani Y, Ma N, Maruyama K. Effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circ J 2010; 74:1696-703. [PMID: 20606328 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An earlier study showed that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) prevents the development of monocrotalin-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ATRA on another model of chronic hypoxia-induced PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 30 mg/kg ATRA or vehicle only by gavage once daily for 14 days during hypobaric hypoxic exposure. Chronic hypoxic exposure induced PH, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and hypertensive pulmonary vascular changes. Quantitative morphometry of the pulmonary arteries showed that ATRA treatment significantly reduced the percentage of muscularized arteries in peripheral pulmonary arteries only with an external diameter between 15 and 50 microm. ATRA treatment also significantly reduced the medial wall thickness in small muscular arteries only with an external diameter between 50 and 100 microm. Unfortunately, these reductions did not accompany the lowering of pulmonary artery pressure nor decrease in RVH. Chronic hypoxia-induced PH rats with ATRA had a loss in body weight. Chronic hypoxia increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lung on western blotting and immunohistochemistry, in which ATRA treatment had no effect. CONCLUSIONS The administration of ATRA might not have a therapeutic role in preventing the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PH, because of body weight loss and the subtle preventable effects of vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erquan Zhang
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Physiology, Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu and Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
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Albertine KH, Dahl MJ, Gonzales LW, Wang ZM, Metcalfe D, Hyde DM, Plopper CG, Starcher BC, Carlton DP, Bland RD. Chronic lung disease in preterm lambs: effect of daily vitamin A treatment on alveolarization. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L59-72. [PMID: 20382748 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00380.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal chronic lung disease is characterized by failed formation of alveoli and capillaries, and excessive deposition of matrix elastin, which are linked to lengthy mechanical ventilation (MV) with O(2)-rich gas. Vitamin A supplementation has improved respiratory outcome of premature infants, but there is little information about the structural and molecular manifestations in the lung that occur with vitamin A treatment. We hypothesized that vitamin A supplementation during prolonged MV, without confounding by antenatal steroid treatment, would improve alveolar secondary septation, decrease thickness of the mesenchymal tissue cores between distal air space walls, and increase alveolar capillary growth. We further hypothesized that these structural advancements would be associated with modulated expression of tropoelastin and deposition of matrix elastin, phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2), cleaved caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), VEGF, VEGF-R2, and midkine in the parenchyma of the immature lung. Eight preterm lambs (125 days' gestation, term approximately 150 days) were managed by MV for 3 wk: four were treated with daily intramuscular Aquasol A (vitamin A), 5,000 IU/kg, starting at birth; four received vehicle alone. Postmortem lung assays included quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and morphometry and stereology. Daily vitamin A supplementation increased alveolar secondary septation, decreased thickness of the mesenchymal tissue cores between the distal air space walls, and increased alveolar capillary growth. Associated molecular changes were less tropoelastin mRNA expression, matrix elastin deposition, pSmad2, and PCNA protein localization in the mesenchymal tissue core of the distal air space walls. On the other hand, mRNA expression and protein abundance of VEGF, VEGF-R2, midkine, and cleaved caspase 3 were increased. We conclude that vitamin A treatment partially improves lung development in chronically ventilated preterm neonates by modulating expression of tropoelastin, deposition of elastin, and expression of vascular growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt H Albertine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84158, USA.
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Irie K, Kasuyama K, Umakoshi M, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Sanbe T, Endo Y, Yamamoto T, Nishida T, Morita M. Effects of periodontitis on aortic insulin resistance in an obese rat model. J Transl Med 2010; 90:348-59. [PMID: 20065945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of obesity and its associated risk factors, such as insulin resistance and inflammation, results in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the effects of periodontitis on atherosclerosis in an obese body remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in Zucker fatty rats on initiation of atherosclerosis by evaluating aortic insulin resistance. Zucker fatty rats (n=24) were divided into two groups. In the periodontitis group, periodontitis was ligature-induced for 4 weeks, whereas the control group was left unligated. After the 4-week experimental period, descending aorta was used for measuring the levels of lipid deposits, immunohistochemical analysis, and evaluation of gene expression. Levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and insulin were also measured. Rats in the periodontitis group had significantly enhanced lipid deposits in the aorta, but not in the control group. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine, and endothelin-1 in the periodontitis group was more intense than that in the control group. Significantly decreased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k) catalytic beta-polypeptide (Pi3kcb), Pi3kp85, and insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 were observed in the periodontitis group. Levels of serum CRP and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the periodontitis group. Under insulin-stimulated conditions, aorta in the periodontitis group altered the Akt phosphorylation. Periodontitis in obesity induced the initial stage of atherosclerosis and disturbed aortic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Doi T, Ruttenstock E, Dingemann J, Puri P. Spatiotemporal alteration in phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine protein kinase B signaling in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:366-71. [PMID: 20152353 PMCID: PMC11288172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is not fully understood. The serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) plays important roles for lung morphogenesis through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. It has been reported that the lung explant morphogenesis in mice is interfered by inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT pathway. We hypothesized that PI3K and AKT gene and protein expression/distribution are altered during epithelial morphogenesis in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to either olive oil or nitrofen on day 9 of gestation (D9). Fetal lungs were harvested on D15, D18, and D21 and divided into 3 groups as follows: control, nitrofen with CDH (CDH[-]), and nitrofen without CDH (CDH[+]) (n = 8 at each time-point, respectively). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS Messenger RNA expression levels of PI3K at D21 was significantly decreased in CDH(-) and CDH(+) group (5.71 +/- 0.85 and 6.80 +/- 0.88, respectively) compared to controls (8.95 +/- 3.22; P < .05). Messenger RNA levels of AKT were also significantly decreased at D18 in CDH(-) and CDH(+) lungs (1.21 +/- 0.16 and 1.20 +/- 0.32, respectively) compared to controls (1.62 +/- 0.14; P < .01). The PI3K immunoreactivity was diminished in the distal epithelium at D18 and decreased in the overall intensity at D21 in hypoplastic lungs compared to controls. The AKT immunoreactivity was decreased in mesenchyme at D18 and decreased overall intensity at D21 in CDH lungs compared to controls. CONCLUSION Spatiotemporal alteration of pulmonary PI3K and AKT gene and protein expression during epithelial morphogenesis may interfere with epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, causing pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH by disrupting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Doi
- The Children’s Research Center, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elke Ruttenstock
- The Children’s Research Center, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Jens Dingemann
- The Children’s Research Center, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- The Children’s Research Center, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liesmaa I, Leskinen HK, Kokkonen JO, Ruskoaho H, Kovanen PT, Lindstedt KA. Hypoxia-induced expression of bradykinin type-2 receptors in endothelial cells triggers NO production, cell migration, and angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:359-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nagl F, Schönhofer K, Seidler B, Mages J, Allescher HD, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Saur D. Retinoic acid-induced nNOS expression depends on a novel PI3K/Akt/DAX1 pathway in human TGW-nu-I neuroblastoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C1146-56. [PMID: 19726747 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00034.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter and intracellular signaling molecule in the central and peripheral nervous system. NO regulates multiple processes like neuronal development, plasticity, and differentiation and is a mediator of neurotoxicity. The nNOS gene is highly complex with 12 alternative first exons, exon 1a-1l, transcribed from distinct promoters, leading to nNOS variants with different 5'-untranslated regions. Transcriptional control of the nNOS gene is not understood in detail. To investigate regulation of nNOS gene expression by retinoic acid (RA), we used the human neuroblastoma cell line TGW-nu-I as a model system. We show that RA induces nNOS transcription in a protein synthesis-dependent fashion. We identify the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and the atypical orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 (NR0B1) as critical mediators involved in RA-induced nNOS gene transcription. RA treatment increases DAX1 expression via PI3K/Akt signaling. Upregulation of DAX1 expression in turn induces nNOS transcription in response to RA. These results identify nNOS as a target gene of a novel RA/PI3K/Akt/DAX1-dependent pathway in human neuroblastoma cells and stress the functional importance of the transcriptional regulator DAX1 for nNOS gene expression in response to RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nagl
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Zheng B, Han M, Bernier M, Zhang XH, Meng F, Miao SB, He M, Zhao XM, Wen JK. Krüppel-like factor 4 inhibits proliferation by platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta-mediated, not by retinoic acid receptor alpha-mediated, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and ERK signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22773-85. [PMID: 19531492 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.026989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is governed by the activity of a transcription factor network. Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) are expressed in VSMCs and are components of such a network. However, the relationship among them in the regulation of VSMC proliferation remains unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms whereby Klf4 mediates the growth inhibitory effects in VSMCs through RAR alpha and PDGFR beta. We demonstrated that Klf4 directly binds to the 5' regulatory region of RAR alpha, down-regulates RAR alpha expression, and specifically inhibits RAR alpha-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and ERK signaling in cultured VSMCs induced by the synthetic retinoid Am80. Of particular interest, Klf4 inhibits RAR alpha and PDGFR beta expression while blocking PI3K and ERK signaling induced by Am80 and PDGF-BB, respectively. The anti-proliferative effects of Klf4 on neointimal formation depend largely on PDGFR-mediated PI3K signaling without involvement of the RAR alpha-activated signaling pathways. These findings provide a novel mechanism for signal suppression and growth inhibitory effects of Klf4 in VSMCs. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that Klf4 is one of the key mediators of retinoid actions in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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