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Overexpression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 protects from asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced endothelial dysfunction and aortic remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9381. [PMID: 35672381 PMCID: PMC9174227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are associated with an increased risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. ADMA can be metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) and by alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2). Deletion of DDAH1 in mice leads to elevation of ADMA in plasma and increase in blood pressure, while overexpression of human DDAH1 is associated with a lower plasma ADMA concentration and protective cardiovascular effects. The possible role of alternative metabolism of ADMA by AGXT2 remains to be elucidated. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that transgenic overexpression of AGXT2 leads to lowering of plasma levels of ADMA and protection from vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. We generated transgenic mice (TG) with ubiquitous overexpression of AGXT2. qPCR and Western Blot confirmed the expression of the transgene. Systemic ADMA levels were decreased by 15% in TG mice. In comparison with wild type animals plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid (ADGV), the AGXT2 associated metabolite of ADMA, were six times higher. We crossed AGXT2 TG mice with DDAH1 knockout mice and observed that upregulation of AGXT2 lowers plasma ADMA and pulse pressure and protects the mice from endothelial dysfunction and adverse aortic remodeling. Upregulation of AGXT2 led to lowering of ADMA levels and protection from ADMA-induced vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. This is especially important, because all the efforts to develop pharmacological ADMA-lowering interventions by means of upregulation of DDAHs have been unsuccessful.
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Wu Z, Liang J, Huang W, Jiang L, Paul C, Lin B, Zheng J, Wang Y. Prompt Graft Cooling Enhances Cardioprotection during Heart Transplantation Procedures through the Regulation of Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 10:2912. [PMID: 34831135 PMCID: PMC8616468 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete and prompt cardiac arrest using a cold cardioplegic solution is routinely used in heart transplantation to protect the graft function. However, warm ischemic time is still inevitable during the procedure to isolate donor hearts in the clinical setting. Our knowledge of the mechanism changes prevented by cold storage, and how warm ischemia damages donor hearts, is extremely poor. The potential consequences of this inevitable warm ischemic time to grafts, and the underlying potential protective mechanism of prompt graft cooling, have been studied in order to explore an advanced graft protection strategy. To this end, a surgical procedure, including 10-15 min warm ischemic time during procurement, was performed in mouse models to mimic the clinical situation (Group I), and compared to a group of mice that had the procurement performed with prompt cooling procedures (Group II). The myocardial morphologic changes (including ultrastructure) were then assessed by electron and optical microscopy after 6 h of cold preservation. Furthermore, syngeneic heart transplantation was performed after 6 h of cold preservation to measure the graft heart function. An electron microscopy showed extensive damage, including hypercontracted myofibers with contraction bands, and damaged mitochondria that released mitochondrial contents in Group I mice, while similar patterns of damage were not observed in the mice from Group II. The results from both the electron microscopy and immunoblotting verified that cardiac mitophagy (protective mitochondrial autophagy) was present in the mice from Group II, but was absent in the mice from Group I. Moreover, the mice from Group II demonstrated faster rebeating times and higher beating scores, as compared to the mice from Group I. The pressure catheter system results indicated that the graft heart function was significantly more improved in the mice from Group II than in those from Group I, as demonstrated by the left ventricle systolic pressure (31.96 ± 6.54 vs. 26.12 ± 8.87 mmHg), the +dp/dt (815.6 ± 215.4 vs. 693.9 ± 153.8 mmHg/s), and the -dp/dt: (492.4 ± 92.98 vs. 418.5 ± 118.9 mmHg/s). In conclusion, the warm ischemic time during the procedure impaired the graft function and destroyed the activation of mitophagy. Thus, appropriate mitophagy activation has emerged as a promising therapeutic target that may be essential for graft protection and functional improvement during heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Bonnie Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
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3
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Serra R, Jiritano F, Bracale UM, Ielapi N, Licastro N, Provenzano M, Andreucci M, Rizzuto A, Mastroroberto P, Serraino GF. Novel biomarkers in cardiovascular surgery. Biomark Med 2021; 15:307-318. [PMID: 33590769 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease includes health problems related to the heart, arteries and veins and is a significant healthcare problem worldwide. Cardiovascular disease may be acute or chronic and relapses are frequent. Biomarkers involved in this field may help clinicians and surgeons in diagnosis and adequate decision making. Relevant articles searched in the following databases Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, were retrieved and analysed. Several biomarkers have been identified and we analyzed those of most importance from a clinical and surgical point of view. Biomarkers can better identify high-risk individuals, facilitate follow-up process, provide information regarding prognosis and better tailor the most appropriate surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.,Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research & Educational Program in Clinical & Experimental Biotechnology at The Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Jiritano
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Umberto M Bracale
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.,Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health & Infectious Disease, Roma, Italy
| | - Noemi Licastro
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy.,Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research & Educational Program in Clinical & Experimental Biotechnology at The Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Rizzuto
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research & Educational Program in Clinical & Experimental Biotechnology at The Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe F Serraino
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
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4
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Wieczór R, Wieczór AM, Kulwas A, Rość D. ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) and angiogenic potential in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:153-162. [PMID: 32957808 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220959738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and marker of endothelial dysfunction, but the question remains as to whether asymmetric dimethylarginine is a marker of cardiovascular episodes or their independent risk factor. ADMA/DDAH (dimethylaminohydrolase) pathway regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis due to its impact on the NO formation. The aim of the study was to assess the concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and the angiogenic potential in the blood of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n = 33) and patients with prediabetes (n = 32)-impaired fasting glycemia and/or impaired glucose tolerance (WHO criteria). The study found that both the prediabetes group and subjects with T2DM had significantly elevated concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine, significantly high levels of VEGF-A, low ratio of sVEGF-R1/VEGF-A, and sVEGF-R2/VEGF-A. This may suggest endothelial damage at early stages of carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction-before T2DM is diagnosed. Higher proangiogenic potential in prediabetes and T2DM patients than in healthy subjects, is not only the effect of an increase in VEGF-A levels, but also reduced inhibition of circulating receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Wieczór
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland.,Clinic of Vascular and Internal Medicine, Dr Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-168, Poland
| | - Anna M Wieczór
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Arleta Kulwas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Danuta Rość
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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5
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Esse R, Barroso M, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R. The Contribution of Homocysteine Metabolism Disruption to Endothelial Dysfunction: State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E867. [PMID: 30781581 PMCID: PMC6412520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the molecular basis of these associations remains elusive. The impairment of endothelial function, a key initial event in the setting of atherosclerosis and CVD, is recurrently observed in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Various observations may explain the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. For instance, Hcy interferes with the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, Hcy deregulates the signaling pathways associated with another essential endothelial gasotransmitter: hydrogen sulfide. Hcy also mediates the loss of critical endothelial antioxidant systems and increases the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding oxidative stress. ROS disturb lipoprotein metabolism, contributing to the growth of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, excess Hcy maybe be indirectly incorporated into proteins, a process referred to as protein N-homocysteinylation, inducing vascular damage. Lastly, cellular hypomethylation caused by build-up of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) also contributes to the molecular basis of Hcy-induced vascular toxicity, a mechanism that has merited our attention in particular. AdoHcy is the metabolic precursor of Hcy, which accumulates in the setting of HHcy and is a negative regulator of most cell methyltransferases. In this review, we examine the biosynthesis and catabolism of Hcy and critically revise recent findings linking disruption of this metabolism and endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of HHcy on endothelial cell methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Zhu ZD, Ye JM, Fu XM, Wang XC, Ye JY, Wu XR, Hua P, Liao YQ, Xuan W, Duan JL, Li WY, Fu H, Xia ZH, Zhang X. DDAH2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:749-760. [PMID: 30569164 PMCID: PMC6317674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a form of idiopathic heart disease, with signs including hypertrophy of myocardial cells, hypertension‑independent fibrosis and coronary artery disease. Considering the involvement of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in diabetes, it was hypothesized that DDAH2 may be beneficial to cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis during the progression of DCM with involvement of the DDAH/asymmetric NG, NGdimethyl‑L‑arginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Following establishment of diabetic rat models, diabetes‑related blood biochemical indices and cardiac function were measured in diabetic rats treated with lentivirus expressing DDAH2, short hairpin RNA against DDAH2, or L‑NNA (inhibitor of NOS) to identify the roles of DDAH2 in DCM. The functional roles of DDAH2 in DCM were further determined through detection of the levels of collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2). The H9C2 myocardial cell line was selected for in vitro experiments. The effects of DDAH2 on the migration of myocardial cells under high glucose conditions were also examined. To further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of DDAH2 in DCM, the contents of ADMA and NO, and the activities of DDAH and NOS were observed. The DCM model rats treated with DDAH2 exhibited reduced left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure, and decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels, but exhibited increased left ventricular systolic pressure and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise/fall levels in myocardial tissues. Myocardial cells under high glucose conditions treated with DDAH2 showed reductions in collagen I, MMP2 and TIMP2, indicating that DDAH2 reduced cell migration. Decreased levels of ADMA and NO but increased levels of DDAH and NOS were observed following treatment with DDAH2, indicating that the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway was activated. These results reveal that the overexpression of DDAH2 attenuates myocardial fibrosis and protects against DCM through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in DCM rats. These results indicate that DDAH2 is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Zhu
- Yunnan Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Ye
- Pathogenic Organisms Department of Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ran Wu
- Center Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fu
- Clinic Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Xia
- Clinical Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Parikh RV, Khush K, Luikart H, Sakarovitch C, Lee J, Desai M, Valantine H, Yeung AC, Fearon WF. Usefulness of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine to Predict Outcomes After Heart Transplantation. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1707-1711. [PMID: 30220417 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a key mediator of vascular homeostasis and an independent predictor of the development of accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation. However, its association with clinical outcomes in heart transplant recipients has not been described. Plasma levels of ADMA were assayed within 8 weeks following transplantation (baseline) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary end point was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, retransplantation, or death at 5-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to assess the association between baseline ADMA levels (stratified at 0.70 µM, a previously established cutoff) and cumulative event-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to adjust for other candidate predictors. In 69 heart transplant recipients at Stanford, the primary end point occurred in 11 patients (16%)-4 percutaneous coronary intervention, 1 retransplant, and 6 deaths-during 5-years follow-up. Patients with baseline ADMA ≥0.70 µM had lower cumulative 5-year event-free survival (77% vs 93%, p = 0.059). In multivariate Cox analysis, baseline ADMA was the only significant predictor of the primary end point (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.72 per 0.1 µM; p = 0.031). This association remained significant even after restricting the end point to death or retransplantation (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.97 per 0.1 µM; p = 0.006). In conclusion, elevated baseline plasma levels of ADMA independently predicted 5-year clinical outcomes after heart transplantation, suggesting that ADMA has potential prognostic value in the heart transplant arena.
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Lee MS, Tadwalkar RV, Fearon WF, Kirtane AJ, Patel AJ, Patel CB, Ali Z, Rao SV. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A review. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 92:E527-E536. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Lee
- Division of Cardiology, UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles California
| | | | - William F. Fearon
- Division of CardiologyStanford University School of Medicine Stanford California
| | - Ajay J. Kirtane
- Division of CardiologyColumbia University Medical Center New York New York
| | - Amisha J. Patel
- Division of CardiologyColumbia University Medical Center New York New York
| | - Chetan B. Patel
- Division of CardiologyDuke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
| | - Ziad Ali
- Division of CardiologyColumbia University Medical Center New York New York
| | - Sunil V. Rao
- Division of CardiologyDuke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
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9
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as an important risk factor for the increased cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:113-120. [PMID: 29928990 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been recognized that the traditional cardiovascular risk factors could only partially explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N-monomethy l-arginine (L-NMMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases that attenuate nitric oxide production and enhance reactive oxidative specie generation. Increased plasma ADMA and/or L-NMMA are strong and independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and heart failure. Both ADMA and L-NMMA are also eliminated from the body through either degradation by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) or urine excretion. This short review will exam the literature of ADMA and L-NMMA degradation and urine excretion, and the role of chronic kidney diseases in ADMA and L-NMMA accumulation and the increased cardiovascular disease risk. Based on all available data, it appears that the increased cardiovascular morbidity in chronic kidney disease may relate to the dramatic increase of systemic ADMA and L-NMMA after kidney failure.
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10
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Vanholder R, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G. Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10010033. [PMID: 29316724 PMCID: PMC5793120 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biological systems of the 11 considered. The inflammatory, cardio-vascular and fibrogenic systems were those most frequently affected and they are one by one major actors in the high morbidity and mortality of CKD but also the mechanisms that have most frequently been studied. A scoring system was built with the intention to classify the reviewed compounds according to the experimental evidence of their toxicity (number of systems affected) and overall experimental and clinical evidence. Among the highest globally scoring solutes were 3 small water-soluble compounds [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO); uric acid], 6 protein bound compounds or groups of protein bound compounds [advanced glycation end products (AGEs); p-cresyl sulfate; indoxyl sulfate; indole acetic acid; the kynurenines; phenyl acetic acid;] and 3 middle molecules [β2-microglobulin; ghrelin; parathyroid hormone). In general, more experimental data were provided for the protein bound molecules but for almost half of them clinical evidence was missing in spite of robust experimental data. The picture emanating is one of a complex disorder, where multiple factors contribute to a multisystem complication profile, so that it seems of not much use to pursue a decrease of concentration of a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Schepers
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Parikh RV, Khush KK, Luikart H, Pargaonkar VS, Kobayashi Y, Lee JH, Sinha S, Cohen G, Valantine HA, Yeung AC, Fearon WF. Impact of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine on Coronary Physiology Early After Heart Transplantation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:1020-1025. [PMID: 28754566 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a major cause of long-term graft failure following heart transplantation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, has been mechanistically implicated in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, but its impact on coronary physiology early after transplantation is unknown. Invasive indices of coronary physiology, namely, fractional flow reserve (FFR), the index of microcirculatory resistance, and coronary flow reserve, were measured with a coronary pressure wire in the left anterior descending artery within 8 weeks (baseline) and 1 year after transplant. Plasma levels of ADMA were concurrently assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In 46 heart transplant recipients, there was a statistically significant correlation between elevated ADMA levels and lower FFR values at baseline (r = -0.33; p = 0.024); this modest association persisted 1 year after transplant (r = -0.39; p = 0.0085). Patients with a baseline FFR <0.90 (a prognostically validated cutoff) had significantly higher baseline ADMA levels (0.63 ± 0.16 vs 0.54 ± 0.12 µM; p = 0.034). Baseline ADMA (odds ratio 1.80 per 0.1 µM; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 3.03; p = 0.027) independently predicted a baseline FFR <0.90 after multivariable adjustment. Even after dichotomizing ADMA (≥0.60 µM, provides greatest diagnostic accuracy by receiver operating characteristic curve), this association remained significant (odds ratio 7.52, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 32.49; p = 0.006). No significant relationship between ADMA and index of microcirculatory resistance or coronary flow reserve was detected. In conclusion, baseline ADMA was a strong independent predictor of FFR <0.90, suggesting that elevated ADMA levels are associated with abnormal epicardial function soon after heart transplantation.
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Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is the most potent endogenous vasodilator and, by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, it is an endogenous anti-atherogenic agent. Accordingly, impairment of NO synthesis or bioactivity may increase the risk of vascular disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of the NO synthase pathway. Plasma levels of ADMA are increased in patients with vascular disease, or with risk factors for vascu lar disease. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ADMA may mediate the adverse effects of traditional risk factors on endothelial vasodilator function. By impairing endothelial function, ADMA may contribute to pulmonary or systemic hypertension, as well as to vascular disease. Several drugs known to treat cardiovas cular disease also reduce plasma ADMA levels, such as angiotensin receptor antag onists, converting enzyme inhibitors, and insulin sensitizing agents. Plasma ADMA may be a common mediator of endothelial dysfunction induced by vascular risk factors. Insights into the mechanisms by which plasma ADMA is regulated may lead to new therapeutic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Cooke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, CA 94305-5406, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is the most potent endogenous vasodilator and, by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, it is an endogenous anti-atherogenic agent. Accordingly, impairment of NO synthesis or bioactivity may increase the risk of vascular disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of the NO synthase pathway. Plasma levels of ADMA are increased in patients with vascular disease, or with risk factors for vascular disease. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ADMA may mediate the adverse effects of traditional risk factors on endothelial vasodilator function. By impairing endothelial function, ADMA may contribute to pulmonary or systemic hypertension, as well as to vascular disease. Several drugs known to treat cardiovascular disease also reduce plasma ADMA levels, such as angiotensin receptor antagonists, converting enzyme inhibitors, and insulin sensitizing agents. Plasma ADMA may be a common mediator of endothelial dysfunction induced by vascular risk factors. Insights into the mechanisms by which plasma ADMA is regulated may lead to new therapeutic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Cooke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,
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14
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Zheng X, Halle S, Yu K, Mishra P, Scherr M, Pietzsch S, Willenzon S, Janssen A, Boelter J, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Eder M, Förster R. Cardiomyocytes display low mitochondrial priming and are highly resistant toward cytotoxic T-cell killing. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1415-26. [PMID: 26970349 PMCID: PMC5071700 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Following heart transplantation, alloimmune responses can cause graft rejection by damaging donor vascular and parenchymal cells. However, it remains unclear whether cardiomyocytes are also directly killed by immune cells. Here, we used two‐photon microscopy to investigate how graft‐specific effector CD8+ T cells interact with cardiomyocytes in a mouse heart transplantation model. Surprisingly, we observed that CD8+ T cells are completely impaired in killing cardiomyocytes. Even after virus‐mediated preactivation, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells largely fail to lyse these cells although both cell types engage in dynamic interactions. Furthermore, we established a two‐photon microscopy‐based assay using intact myocardium to determine the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to undergo apoptosis. This feature, also known as mitochondrial priming reveals an unexpected weak predisposition of cardiomyocytes to undergo apoptosis in situ. These observations together with the early exhaustion phenotype of graft‐infiltrating specific T cells provide an explanation why cardiomyocytes are largely protected from direct CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pooja Mishra
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pietzsch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Boelter
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Liu X, Hou L, Xu D, Chen A, Yang L, Zhuang Y, Xu Y, Fassett JT, Chen Y. Effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on heart failure development. Nitric Oxide 2016; 54:73-81. [PMID: 26923818 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases that limits nitric oxide bioavailability and can increase production of NOS derived reactive oxidative species. Increased plasma ADMA is a one of the strongest predictors of mortality in patients who have had a myocardial infarction or suffer from chronic left heart failure, and is also an independent risk factor for several other conditions that contribute to heart failure development, including hypertension, coronary artery disease/atherosclerosis, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. The enzyme responsible for ADMA degradation is dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1). DDAH1 plays an important role in maintaining nitric oxide bioavailability and preserving cardiovascular function in the failing heart. Here, we examine mechanisms of abnormal NO production in heart failure, with particular focus on the role of ADMA and DDAH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dachun Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Chen
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN55455, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN55455, USA
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN55455, USA
| | - Yawei Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - John T Fassett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, 8020, Austria.
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN55455, USA.
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Konya H, Miuchi M, Satani K, Matsutani S, Yano Y, Tsunoda T, Ikawa T, Matsuo T, Ochi F, Kusunoki Y, Tokuda M, Katsuno T, Hamaguchi T, Miyagawa JI, Namba M. Asymmetric dimethylarginine, a biomarker of cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:110-119. [PMID: 25992325 PMCID: PMC4436934 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) complications are an essential causal element of prospect in diabetes mellitus (DM), with carotid atherosclerosis being a common risk factor for prospective crisis of coronary artery diseases and/or cerebral infarction in DM subjects. From another point of view, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been established as an inhibitor of endogenous nitric oxide synthesis and the relationship between ADMA and arteriosclerosis has been reported. In our study with 87 type 2 DM (T2DM) patients, we have examined whether ADMA and other CV risk factors are the useful predictors of DMCV complications. After the measurement of the respective CV risk factors, we have followed the enrolled T2DM patients for 5 years. We have finally analyzed 77 patients. DMCV complications developed in 15 cases newly within 5 years, and 4 cases recurred. The concentrations of ADMA in plasma were markedly more elevated in 19 DM patients with CV complications than in 58 DM patients without CV complications. Urinary albumin (U-Alb), mean intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and ankle brachial index (ABI) were also higher in patients with CV complications. Multiple regression analyses showed that U-Alb had an influence on the high level of ADMA (standardized β = 6.59, P = 0.00014) independently of age, systolic BP, fibrinogen, mean IMT, plaque score, and ABI. The review indicates what is presently known regarding plasma ADMA that might be a new and meaningful biomarker of CV complications in DM subjects.
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Bailey K, Wyatt T, Wells S, Klein E, Robinson J, Romberger D, Poole J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) overexpression attenuates agricultural organic dust extract-induced inflammation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 2:72-78. [PMID: 25221746 PMCID: PMC4159103 DOI: 10.7178/jeit.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern, industrialized farming practices have lead to working conditions that include high levels of airborne dust. Agricultural workers inhale these complex organic dusts on a daily basis, leading to airway inflammation and higher risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The mechanisms regulating the organic dust-induced airway inflammatory response are not well-defined. We investigated whether overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) would lead to diminished pulmonary inflammation in an animal model of organic dust extract exposure. We instilled wild-type (WT) and DDAH overexpressing mice with an aqueous organic dust extract (ODE) collected from a swine confinement building. We found that inflammatory indices such as neutrophil influx and inflammatory cytokine production was lower in the DDAH overexpressing mice compared to WT after organic dust extract (ODE) instillation. We went on to determine how DDAH was mediating the decrease in inflammation induced by ODE. PKCα and PKCε play an essential role in the ODE inflammatory response. In a model of lung slices from WT and DDAH overexpressing mice, we demonstrated an increase in PKCα and PKCε in the WT mice exposed to ODE. This increase was diminished in the DDAH overexpressing mice exposed to ODE. We also tested an important component of the ODE, peptidoglycan (PGN). We noted a similar decrease in neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in the DDAH overexpressing animals instilled with PGN compared to WT. In conclusion, our studies found a role for DDAH in regulating the ODE-triggered activation of epithelial PKCα and PKCε, a previously unrecognized mechanism of action. This ultimately results in diminished pulmonary inflammation.
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The endothelial ADMA/NO pathway in hypoxia-related chronic respiratory diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:501612. [PMID: 24719871 PMCID: PMC3955646 DOI: 10.1155/2014/501612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, many adhere to the view that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), as an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Particularly, this is evident in disease of the cardiovascular system, in which endothelial dysfunction results in an imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Even if increased ADMA concentrations are closely related to an endothelial dysfunction, several studies pointed to a potential beneficial effect of ADMA, mainly in the context of angioproliferative disease such as cancer and fibrosis. Antiproliferative properties of ADMA independent of NO have been identified in this context. In particular, the regulation of ADMA by its degrading enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is the object of many studies. DDAH is discussed as a promising therapeutic target for the indirect regulation of NO. In hypoxia-related chronic respiratory diseases, this controversy discussion of ADMA and DDAH is particularly evident and is therefore subject of this review.
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Schepers E, Speer T, Bode-Böger SM, Fliser D, Kielstein JT. Dimethylarginines ADMA and SDMA: the real water-soluble small toxins? Semin Nephrol 2014; 34:97-105. [PMID: 24780466 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uremia occurs if the kidney loses the ability to eliminate toxic compounds at a sufficient rate into the urine. In 1970, N-N, N-G- and N-G,N׳-G-dimethyl-arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA] and symmetric dimethylarginine) were isolated from human urine. It was anticipated that both substances might be important in the pathophysiology and for the diagnosis of various pathologic states. It took 22 years, however, before this idea materialized when it was found that ADMA, which is increased in hemodialysis patients, inhibits the synthesis of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor, identified as nitric oxide. ADMA correlates with traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and death in both patients with chronic kidney disease and in the general population. It also seems to mediate adverse cardiovascular effects of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors. To date, we have no specific pharmacologic therapy at hand to neutralize the deleterious effects of ADMA, curbing the enthusiasm for this marker and mediator of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Renal and Hypertensive Disease, Saarland University, Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Renal and Hypertensive Disease, Saarland University, Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
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Ghebremariam YT, Huang NF, Kambhampati S, Volz KS, Joshi GG, Anslyn EV, Cooke JP. Characterization of a fluorescent probe for imaging nitric oxide. J Vasc Res 2013; 51:68-79. [PMID: 24335468 DOI: 10.1159/000356445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator and anti-atherogenic molecule, is synthesized in various cell types, including vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The biological importance of NO enforces the need to develop and characterize specific and sensitive probes. To date, several fluorophores, chromophores and colorimetric techniques have been developed to detect NO or its metabolites (NO(2) and NO(3)) in biological fluids, viable cells or cell lysates. METHODS Recently, a novel probe (NO(550)) has been developed and reported to detect NO in solutions and in primary astrocytes and neuronal cells with a fluorescence signal arising from a nonfluorescent background. RESULTS Here, we report further characterization of this probe by optimizing conditions for the detection and imaging of NO products in primary vascular ECs, fibroblasts, and embryonic stem cell- and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs in the absence and presence of pharmacological agents that modulate NO levels. In addition, we studied the stability of this probe in cells over time and evaluated its compartmentalization in reference to organelle-labeling dyes. Finally, we synthesized an inherently fluorescent diazo ring compound (AZO(550)) that is expected to form when the nonfluorescent NO(550) reacts with cellular NO, and compared its cellular distribution with that of NO(550). CONCLUSION NO(550) is a promising agent for imaging NO at baseline and in response to pharmacological agents that modulate its levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes T Ghebremariam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex., USA
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21
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Lei J, Vodovotz Y, Tzeng E, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide, a protective molecule in the cardiovascular system. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nair N, Gongora E, Reynolds J. Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojots.2013.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wenzel P, Genth-Zotz S, Kasper-König W, Vahl CF, Münzel T, Gori T. A 22-year old female with cardiogenic shock due to transplant vasculopathy with severe left main stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2012; 162:e14-5. [PMID: 22622055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen S, Li N, Deb-Chatterji M, Dong Q, Kielstein JT, Weissenborn K, Worthmann H. Asymmetric dimethyarginine as marker and mediator in ischemic stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15983-6004. [PMID: 23443106 PMCID: PMC3546674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is known as mediator of endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Circulating ADMA levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, age and smoking. Accordingly, clinical studies found evidence that increased ADMA levels are associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular events. After the acute event of ischemic stroke, levels of ADMA and its analog symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are elevated through augmentation of protein methylation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, cleavage of ADMA through dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) is reduced. This increase of dimethylarginines might be predictive for adverse clinical outcome. However, the definite role of ADMA after acute ischemic stroke still needs to be clarified. On the one hand, ADMA might contribute to brain injury by reduction of cerebral blood flow. On the other hand, ADMA might be involved in NOS-induced oxidative stress and excitotoxic neuronal death. In the present review, we highlight the current knowledge from clinical and experimental studies on ADMA and its role for stroke risk and ischemic brain injury in the hyperacute stage after stroke. Finally, further studies are warranted to unravel the relevance of the close association of dimethylarginines with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10050, China
| | - Milani Deb-Chatterji
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Karin Weissenborn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3580; Fax: +49-511-532-3115
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Sydow K, Boger RH. Reloaded: ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins: AUTHORS' RETROSPECTIVE. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase1 is an organ-specific mediator of end organ damage in a murine model of hypertension. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48150. [PMID: 23110194 PMCID: PMC3482201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality. Moreover, elevated ADMA plasma concentrations are associated with the extent of hypertension. However, data from small-sized clinical trials and experimental approaches using murine transgenic models have revealed conflicting results regarding the impact of ADMA and its metabolizing enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) in the pathogenesis of hypertension. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Therefore, we investigated the role of ADMA and DDAH1 in hypertension-induced end organ damage using the uninephrectomized, deoxycorticosterone actetate salt, and angiotensin II-induced hypertension model in human DDAH1 (hDDAH1) overexpressing and wild-type (WT) mice. ADMA plasma concentrations differed significantly between hDDAH1 and WT mice at baseline, but did not significantly change during the induction of hypertension. hDDAH1 overexpression did not protect against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. In addition, the hypertension-induced impairment of the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic segments ex vivo was not significantly attenuated by hDDAH1 overexpression. However, hDDAH1 mice displayed an attenuated hypertensive inflammatory response in renal tissue, resulting in less hypertensive renal injury. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our data reveal that hDDAH1 organ-specifically modulates the inflammatory response in this murine model of hypertension. The lack of protection in cardiac and aortic tissues may be due to DDAH1 tissue selectivity and/or the extent of hypertension by the used combined model. However, our study underlines the potency of hDDAH1 overexpression in modulating inflammatory processes as a crucial step in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which needs further experimental and clinical investigation.
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Inhibition of eNOS phosphorylation mediates endothelial dysfunction in renal failure: new effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Kidney Int 2012; 81:762-8. [PMID: 22297680 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have elevated circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Recent studies have suggested that ADMA impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by effects other than competition with the substrate L-arginine. Here, we sought to identify the molecular mechanism by which increased ADMA causes endothelial dysfunction in a chronic kidney disease model. In wild-type mice with remnant kidney disease, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and ADMA were increased by 2.5-, 2-, and 1.2-fold, respectively, without any change in blood pressure. Nephrectomy reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 in isolated aortic rings. In transgenic mice overexpressing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1, the enzyme that metabolizes ADMA, circulating ADMA was not increased by nephrectomy and was decreased to half that of wild-type mice. These mice did not exhibit the nephrectomy-induced inhibition of both endothelium-dependent relaxation and eNOS phosphorylation. In cultured human endothelial cells, agonist-induced eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production were decreased by ADMA at concentrations less than that of L-arginine in the media. Thus, elevated circulating ADMA may be a cause, not an epiphenomenon, of endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. This effect may be attributable to inhibition of eNOS phosphorylation.
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Deshmukh AB, Patel JK, Prajapati AR, Shah S. Perspective in Chronic Kidney Disease: Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) as Potential Therapeutic Approach. Ren Fail 2012; 34:521-32. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.653754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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30
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Vanholder R, Eloot S, Schepers E, Neirynck N, Glorieux G, Massy Z. an Obituary for GFR as the main marker for kidney function? Semin Dial 2011; 25:9-14. [PMID: 22141430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2011.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This publication comments on the recently published findings of a study by Eloot et al. (cJASN, 6: 1266-1273, 2011) that evaluated the correlation between several formulae for calculating estimated GFR (eGFR) and different low molecular weight uremic toxins; eGFRs were based on serum creatinine (SCrea), cystatin C (Cys C), or a combination of both. Unexpectedly, the correlations for the different solutes were highly inconsistent, irrespective of the eGFR formula. On the other hand, the different eGFR formulae gave consistent results per solute. Correlation coefficients for some solutes were low (hippuric acid, p-cresylsulfate, indole acetic acid, uric acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine) to nonsignificant (carboxy-methyl-propyl-furanpropionic acid). These data point to the fact that eGFR is a deceiving predictor of uremic solute concentration and their biological action; this inconsistency is very likely the result of the impact of other factors affecting concentration, such as tubular secretion, generation by intestinal flora and metabolism.
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von Leitner EC, Klinke A, Atzler D, Slocum JL, Lund N, Kielstein JT, Maas R, Schmidt-Haupt R, Pekarova M, Hellwinkel O, Tsikas D, D'Alecy LG, Lau D, Willems S, Kubala L, Ehmke H, Meinertz T, Blankenberg S, Schwedhelm E, Gadegbeku CA, Böger RH, Baldus S, Sydow K. Pathogenic cycle between the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine and the leukocyte-derived hemoprotein myeloperoxidase. Circulation 2011; 124:2735-45. [PMID: 22082678 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the leukocyte-derived hemoprotein myeloperoxidase (MPO) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Activation of monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with concomitant release of MPO is regulated in a nitric oxide-dependent fashion. The aim of the study was to investigate a potential 2-way interaction between ADMA and MPO. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo, ADMA uptake by isolated human PMNs, the principal source of MPO in humans, significantly impaired nitric oxide synthase activity determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In humans, short-term ADMA infusion (0.0125 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1)) significantly increased MPO plasma concentrations. Functionally, PMN exposure to ADMA enhanced leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, augmented NADPH oxidase activity, and stimulated PMN degranulation, resulting in release of MPO. In vivo, a 28-day ADMA infusion (250 μmol · kg(-1) · d(-1)) in C57Bl/6 mice significantly increased plasma MPO concentrations, whereas this ADMA effect on MPO was attenuated by human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase1 (hDDAH1) overexpression. Moreover, the MPO-derived reactive molecule hypochlorous acid impaired recombinant hDDAH1 activity in vitro. In MPO(-/-) mice, the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in systemic ADMA concentrations was abrogated. CONCLUSIONS ADMA profoundly impairs nitric oxide synthesis of PMNs, resulting in increased PMN adhesion to endothelial cells, superoxide generation, and release of MPO. In addition, MPO impairs DDAH1 activity. Our data reveal an ADMA-induced cycle of PMN activation, enhanced MPO release, and subsequent impairment of DDAH1 activity. These findings not only highlight so far unrecognized cytokine-like properties of ADMA but also identify MPO as a regulatory switch for ADMA bioavailability under inflammatory conditions.
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Toda N, Toda H. Coronary hemodynamic regulation by nitric oxide in experimental animals: Recent advances. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Razny U, Kiec-Wilk B, Wator L, Polus A, Dyduch G, Solnica B, Malecki M, Tomaszewska R, Cooke JP, Dembinska-Kiec A. Increased nitric oxide availability attenuates high fat diet metabolic alterations and gene expression associated with insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:68. [PMID: 21781316 PMCID: PMC3212914 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High fat diet impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and induces insulin resistance. The link between NO availability and the metabolic adaptation to a high fat diet is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high fat diet on metabolism in mice with decreased (eNOS-/-) and increased (DDAH overexpressed) NO bioavailability. Methods eNOS-/- (n = 16), DDAH (n = 24), and WT (n = 19) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. Body weight, biochemical parameters, adipokines and insulin were monitored. The matrigel in vivo model with CD31 immunostaining was used to assess angiogenesis. Gene expression in adipose tissues was analyzed by microarray and Real Time PCR. Comparisons of the mean values were made using the unpaired Student t test and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results eNOS-/- mice gained less weight than control WT and DDAH mice. In DDAH mice, a greater increase in serum adiponectin and a lesser increment in glucose level was observed. Fasting insulin and cholesterol levels remained unchanged. The angiogenic response was increased in DDAH mice. In adipose tissue of DDAH mice, genes characteristic of differentiated adipocytes were down-regulated, whereas in eNOS-/- mice, genes associated with adipogenesis, fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis were upregulated. Conclusions Our results indicate that increased NO availability attenuates some HFD induced alterations in metabolism and gene expression associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Razny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a Street, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
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Li C, Luo L, Lu J, Feng L, Shan J, Long D, Guo Y, Wu W, Li S, Li Y. A modified splint tubing technique for heterotopic heart transplantation in mouse. Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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de Almeida PE, van Rappard JRM, Wu JC. In vivo bioluminescence for tracking cell fate and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H663-71. [PMID: 21666118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00337.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the fate and function of cells in vivo is paramount for the development of rational therapies for cardiac injury. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) provides a means for monitoring physiological processes in real time, ranging from cell survival to gene expression to complex molecular processes. In mice and rats, BLI provides unmatched sensitivity because of the absence of endogenous luciferase expression in mammalian cells and the low background luminescence emanating from animals. In the field of stem cell therapy, BLI provides an unprecedented means to monitor the biology of these cells in vivo, giving researchers a greater understanding of their survival, migration, immunogenicity, and potential tumorigenicity in a living animal. In addition to longitudinal monitoring of cell survival, BLI is a useful tool for semiquantitative measurements of gene expression in vivo, allowing a better optimization of drug and gene therapies. Overall, this technology not only enables rapid, reproducible, and quantitative monitoring of physiological processes in vivo but also can measure the influences of therapeutic interventions on the outcome of cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E de Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5454, USA
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Bai XP, Zheng HX, Fang R, Wang TR, Hou XL, Li Y, Chen XB, Tian WM. Fabrication of engineered heart tissue grafts from alginate/collagen barium composite microbeads. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:045002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Klein E, Weigel J, Buford MC, Holian A, Wells SM. Asymmetric dimethylarginine potentiates lung inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L816-25. [PMID: 20889675 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00188.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), formed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is an important mediator of lung inflammation in allergic asthma. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a competitive endogenous inhibitor of NOS, is metabolized by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Elevated ADMA has been shown to affect lung function in mice, and by inhibiting NOS it alters NO and reactive oxygen species production in mouse lung epithelial cells. However, the effects of altered ADMA levels during lung inflammation have not been explored. A model of allergen-induced airway inflammation was utilized in combination with the modulation of endogenous circulating ADMA levels in mice. Airway inflammation was assessed by quantifying inflammatory cell infiltrates in lung lavage and by histology. Lung DDAH expression was assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Nitrite levels were determined in lung lavage fluid as a measure of NO production. iNOS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative PCR. NF-κB binding activity was assessed by a transcription factor binding assay. Allergen-induced lung inflammation was potentiated in mice with elevated circulating ADMA and was reduced in mice overexpressing DDAH. Elevated ADMA reduced nitrite levels in lung lavage fluid in both allergen-challenged and control animals. ADMA increased iNOS expression in airway epithelial cells in vivo following allergen challenge and in vitro in stimulated mouse lung epithelial cells. ADMA also increased NF-κB binding activity in airway epithelial cells in vitro. These data support that ADMA may play a role in inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma through modulation of iNOS expression in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Klein
- Dept. of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, Univ. of Nebraska, Omaha, 68198-5910, USA
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Rifai K, Bode-Boeger SM, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Ernst T, Kretschmer U, Hafer C, Fliser D, Manns MP, Kielstein JT. Removal of asymmetric dimethylarginine during artificial liver support using fractionated plasma separation and adsorption. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:1110-5. [PMID: 20441555 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.485322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the most potent endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Elevated ADMA levels have been linked to increased mortality in different patient populations. Key regulation of ADMA levels mainly takes place in the liver. Hence, ADMA is elevated in liver disease. There is no specific pharmacological treatment to lower the elevated ADMA levels. Hemodialysis is of limited efficiency in removing ADMA as it is highly protein bound. Prometheus is an extracorporeal liver support system which allows the removal of protein-bound toxins. We assessed the efficiency of the Prometheus system in reducing high ADMA levels in patients with liver failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied nine patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and concomitant renal failure already necessitating hemodialysis. Seven patients needed intensive care treatment. Two consecutive sessions of Prometheus therapy of each 4 h were performed in all patients. ADMA and its structural isomer symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS ADMA levels correlated to model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score (r(s) = 0.62; p < 0.0001). Before Prometheus was started, levels of ADMA and SDMA were elevated (1.36 +/- 0.5 micromol/l and 1.90 +/- 0.4 micromol/l, respectively). During Prometheus treatments, plasma levels of ADMA dropped by a mean 25% (p < 0.0001) and SDMA levels by 22% (p < 0.0001). However, there was a significant rebound of ADMA levels between the two therapy sessions (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that plasma levels of ADMA can be effectively lowered by an artificial liver support system (Prometheus). Effective elimination of ADMA might explain some of the beneficial clinical effects of these systems in patients with liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Rifai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Zakrzewicz D, Zakrzewicz A, Wilker S, Boedeker RH, Padberg W, Eickelberg O, Grau V. Dimethylarginine metabolism during acute and chronic rejection of rat renal allografts. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:124-35. [PMID: 20647192 PMCID: PMC3006445 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Dimethylarginines are inhibitors of NO synthesis and are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this study, we ask the question if asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels change during fatal and reversible acute rejection, and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic vasculopathy. Methods. The Dark Agouti to Lewis rat strain combination was used to investigate fatal acute rejection. Fischer 344 kidneys were transplanted to Lewis rats to study reversible acute rejection episode and the process of chronic rejection. Isograft recipients and untreated Lewis rats were used as controls. l-arginine derivatives were determined by HPLC, and ADMA-metabolizing enzymes were studied by quantitative RT–PCR and western blotting. Results. Renal transplantation transiently increased dimethylarginine levels independent of acute rejection. ADMA plasma levels did not importantly differ between recipients undergoing fatal or reversible acute rejection, whereas SDMA was even lower in recipients of Fisher 344 grafts. In comparison to isograft recipients, ADMA and SDMA levels were slightly elevated during reversible, but not during the process of chronic rejection. Increased dimethylarginine levels, however, did not block NO synthesis. Interestingly, protein methylation, but not ADMA degradation, was increased in allografts. Conclusions. Our data do not support the concept that renal allografts are protected from fatal rejection by dimethylarginines. Dimethylarginines may play a role in triggering chronic rejection, but a contribution to vascular remodelling itself is improbable. In contrast, differential arginine methylation of yet unknown proteins by PRMT1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- Department of Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center, Aulweg 123, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Singhal AK, Symons JD, Boudina S, Jaishy B, Shiu YT. Role of Endothelial Cells in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 7:1-14. [PMID: 25558187 PMCID: PMC4280830 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701007010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Minimizing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has broad clinical implications and is a critical mediator of cardiac surgical outcomes. “Ischemic injury” results from a restriction in blood supply leading to a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand of a sufficient intensity and/or duration that leads to cell necrosis, whereas ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs when blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia and is usually associated with apoptosis (i.e. programmed cell death). Compared to vascular endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes are more sensitive to ischemic injury and have received the most attention in preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Many comprehensive reviews exist on various aspects of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of vascular endothelial cells in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to stimulate further research in this exciting and clinically relevant area. Two specific areas that are addressed include: 1) data suggesting that coronary endothelial cells are critical mediators of myocardial dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury; and 2) the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in endothelial cell death as a result of an ischemia-reperfusion insult. Elucidating the cellular signaling pathway(s) that leads to endothelial cell injury and/or death in response to ischemia-reperfusion is a key component to developing clinically applicable strategies that might minimize myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Singhal
- Cardiothoracic Division, Edward J. Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, and Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J David Symons
- College of Health and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bharat Jaishy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Wilson AM, Shin DS, Weatherby C, Harada RK, Ng MK, Nair N, Kielstein J, Cooke JP. Asymmetric dimethylarginine correlates with measures of disease severity, major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 2010; 15:267-74. [PMID: 20484311 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x10364552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities in nitric oxide metabolism due to excess of the NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) may be pathogenic in PAD. We explored the association between ADMA levels and markers of atherosclerosis, function, and prognosis. A total of 133 patients with symptomatic PAD were enrolled. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), walking time, vascular function measures (arterial compliance and flow-mediated vasodilatation) and plasma ADMA level were assessed for each patient at baseline. ADMA correlated inversely with ABI (r = -0.238, p = 0.003) and walking time (r = -0.255, p = 0.001), independent of other vascular risk factors. We followed up 125 (94%) of our 133 initial subjects with baseline measurements (mean 35 months). Subjects with ADMA levels in the highest quartile (> 0.84 mumol/l) showed a significantly greater occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) compared to those with ADMA levels in the lower three quartiles (p = 0.001). Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that ADMA was a significant predictor of MACE, independent of other risk factors including age, sex, blood pressure, smoking history, diabetes and ABI (hazard ratio = 5.1, p < 0.001). Measures of vascular function, such as compliance, flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMVD) and blood pressure, as well as markers of PAD severity, including ABI and walking time, were not predictive. In conclusion, circulating levels of ADMA correlate independently with measures of disease severity and major adverse cardiovascular events. Agents that target this pathway may be useful for this patient population. Clinical Trial Registration - URL: http:// www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00284076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Wilson
- Falk Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
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Zimmer RJ, Lee MS. Transplant Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:367-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jacobi J, Maas R, Cardounel AJ, Arend M, Pope AJ, Cordasic N, Heusinger-Ribeiro J, Atzler D, Strobel J, Schwedhelm E, Böger RH, Hilgers KF. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpression ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by lowering asymmetric dimethylarginine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2559-70. [PMID: 20348244 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is increasingly recognized as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease. To date, it remains unclear whether elevated ADMA levels are merely associated with cardiovascular risk or whether this molecule is of functional relevance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. To clarify this issue, we crossed dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) transgenic mice that overexpress the human isoform 1 of the ADMA degrading enzyme DDAH into ApoE-deficient mice to generate ApoE(-/-)/hDDAH1(+/-) mice. In these mice, as well as ApoE(-/-) wild-type littermates, atherosclerosis within the aorta as well as vascular function of aortic ring preparations was assessed. We report here that overexpression of hDDAH1 reduces plaque formation in ApoE(-/-) mice by lowering ADMA. The extent of atherosclerosis closely correlated with plasma ADMA levels in male but not female mice fed either a standard rodent chow or an atherogenic diet. Functional analysis of aortic ring preparations revealed improved endothelial function in mice overexpressing hDDAH1. Our findings provide proof-of-principle that ADMA plays a causal role as a culprit molecule in atherosclerosis and support recent evidence indicating a functional relevance of DDAH enzymes in genetic mouse models. Together, these results demonstrate that pharmacological interventions targeting the ADMA/DDAH pathway may represent a novel approach in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Jacobi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Christen T, Shimizu K, Libby P. Advances in Imaging of Cardiac Allograft Rejection. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-010-9011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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A novel predictor of restenosis and adverse cardiac events: asymmetric dimethylarginine. Heart Vessels 2010; 25:19-26. [PMID: 20091394 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-009-1158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate if serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels can predict restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary interventions. The most important cause of restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention is neointimal hyperplasia. Nitric oxide (NO) prevents the neointimal hyperplasia growing. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is a competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis. The effect of ADMA on the restenosis has not yet been investigated. A total of 105 (80 male and 25 female) patients were included in our study. All patients underwent elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with bare metal stent implantation or direct stenting for one coronary artery between September 2004 and January 2006. All patients were clinically followed for a period of 6 months, and a control angiography was performed at the end of this period. The probrain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), and ADMA levels of the patients were evaluated before the procedure and 6 months afterwards. Biochemical parameters and angiographic features were evaluated in order to determine if they could predict the development of restenosis and MACE by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The 65 (61.9%) patients (50 males and 15 females) who had not developed restenosis were designated as Group 1. The 27 (25.7%) patients (21 males and 6 females) who had developed restenosis were designated as Group 2. In terms of predicting the development of restenosis, the presence of diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.78; confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-6.20; P = 0.01), type of lesion (HR: 1.89; CI: 1.01-3.55; P = 0.04), form of procedure (HR: 0.30; CI: 0.11-0.81; P = 0.01), and ADMA (HR: 4.08; CI: 1.73-9.62; P = 0.001) were found to be significant in univariate Cox regression analysis. In contrast, only the levels of ADMA were found to be a significant predictor of restenosis in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR: 3.02; CI: 1.16-7.84; P = 0.02). The restenosis prediction of ADMA levels continued after excluding the patients with diabetes mellitus in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR: 5.23; CI: 1.99-13.76; P = 0.001 and HR: 5.61; CI: 1.79-17.62; P = 0.003, respectively). Regarding the development of cardiac events, hs-CRP (HR: 1.03; CI: 1.00-1.06; P = 0.01) and ADMA (HR: 17.1; CI: 3.06-95.8; P = 0.001) were found to be significantly correlated with adverse cardiac events in univariate Cox regression analysis, whereas only ADMA levels were significant in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR: 2.83; CI: 1.27-6.31; P = 0.01). The levels of ADMA obtained before the procedure predict the development of restenosis and MACE in patients who underwent elective PTCA and bare metal stent procedures.
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Mittermayer F, Pleiner J, Francesconi M, Wolzt M. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2010; 155:6-9. [PMID: 20004356 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations predict cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been shown that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) improves endothelial function and oxidative stress in these patients. The present study investigated if ALA reduces ADMA in patients with T2DM. Plasma concentrations of ADMA, L-arginine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were determined in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with T2DM. Intravenous ALA (n = 16) or placebo (n = 14) was administered daily for 3 weeks. ALA reduced ADMA while no change was observed with placebo (mean change -0.05 micromol/1[95% CI: -0.01; -0.09] vs. 0.01 micromol/1 [95% CI: -0.05; -0.03]; ANOVA p = 0.031). SDMA and L-arginine were not affected by ALA. In conclusion ALA treatment reduces ADMA in patients with T2DM. Long-term studies need to demonstrate if ALA may cause cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Pope AJ, Karrupiah K, Kearns PN, Xia Y, Cardounel AJ. Role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide production. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:35338-47. [PMID: 19820234 PMCID: PMC2790963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced NO is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, and among the mechanisms for impaired NO synthesis is the accumulation of the endogenous nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Free ADMA is actively metabolized by the intracellular enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), which catalyzes the conversion of ADMA to citrulline. Decreased DDAH expression/activity is evident in disease states associated with endothelial dysfunction and is believed to be the mechanism responsible for increased methylarginines and subsequent ADMA-mediated endothelial nitric-oxide synthase impairment. Two isoforms of DDAH have been identified; however, it is presently unclear which is responsible for endothelial ADMA metabolism and NO regulation. The current study investigated the effects of both DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 in the regulation of methylarginines and endothelial NO generation. Results demonstrated that overexpression of DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 increased endothelial NO by 24 and 18%, respectively. Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 reduced NO bioavailability by 27 and 57%, respectively. The reduction in NO production following DDAH-1 gene silencing was associated with a 48% reduction in l-Arg/ADMA and was partially restored with l-Arg supplementation. In contrast, l-Arg/ADMA was unchanged in the DDAH-2-silenced cells, and l-Arg supplementation had no effect on NO. These results clearly demonstrate that DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 manifest their effects through different mechanisms, the former of which is largely ADMA-dependent and the latter ADMA-independent. Overall, the present study demonstrates an important regulatory role for DDAH in the maintenance of endothelial function and identifies this pathway as a potential target for treating diseases associated with decreased NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Pope
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32607 and
| | - Kanchana Karrupiah
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32607 and
| | - Patrick N. Kearns
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32607 and
| | - Yong Xia
- the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Arturo J. Cardounel
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32607 and
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Schwedhelm E, von Leitner EC, Atzler D, Schmitz C, Jacobi J, Meinertz T, Münzel T, Baldus S, Cooke JP, Böger RH, Maas R, Sydow K. Extensive characterization of the human DDAH1 transgenic mice. Pharmacol Res 2009; 60:494-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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The DDAH/ADMA pathway in the control of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:1243-7. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0371243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) is a cardiovascular risk factor and an endogenous inhibitor of NOS (nitric oxide synthase). ADMA is metabolized by DDAHs (dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases). ADMA levels are increased in cardiovascular disorders associated with abnormal angiogenesis but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent studies show that altering ADMA metabolism in vivo and in vitro modulates the activity of Rho GTPases, key regulators of actin dynamics, endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. In the present review, we consider this and other NO-dependent and -independent molecular mechanisms by which the DDAH/ADMA pathway regulates angiogenesis.
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