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Wang W, Li E, Zou J, Qu C, Ayala J, Wen Y, Islam MS, Weintraub NL, Fulton DJ, Liang Q, Zhou J, Liu J, Li J, Sun Y, Su H. Ubiquitin Ligase RBX2/SAG Regulates Mitochondrial Ubiquitination and Mitophagy. Circ Res 2024; 135:e39-e56. [PMID: 38873758 PMCID: PMC11264309 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Apart from Parkin, little is known about additional Ub (ubiquitin) ligases that mediate mitochondrial ubiquitination and turnover, particularly in highly metabolically active organs such as the heart. METHODS In this study, we have combined in silico analysis and biochemical assay to identify CRL (cullin-RING ligase) 5 as a mitochondrial Ub ligase. We generated cardiomyocytes and mice lacking RBX2 (RING-box protein 2; also known as SAG [sensitive to apoptosis gene]), a catalytic subunit of CRL5, to understand the effects of RBX2 depletion on mitochondrial ubiquitination, mitophagy, and cardiac function. We also performed proteomics analysis and RNA-sequencing analysis to define the impact of loss of RBX2 on the proteome and transcriptome. RESULTS RBX2 and CUL (cullin) 5, 2 core components of CRL5, localize to mitochondria. Depletion of RBX2 inhibited mitochondrial ubiquitination and turnover, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration, increased cardiomyocyte cell death, and has a global impact on the mitochondrial proteome. In vivo, deletion of the Rbx2 gene in adult mouse hearts suppressed mitophagic activity, provoked accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the myocardium, and disrupted myocardial metabolism, leading to the rapid development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Similarly, ablation of RBX2 in the developing heart resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The action of RBX2 in mitochondria is not dependent on Parkin, and Parkin gene deletion had no impact on the onset and progression of cardiomyopathy in RBX2-deficient hearts. Furthermore, RBX2 controls the stability of PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify RBX2-CRL5 as a mitochondrial Ub ligase that regulates mitophagy and cardiac homeostasis in a Parkin-independent, PINK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Ermin Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Jianqiu Zou
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Chen Qu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Juan Ayala
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Yuan Wen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Md Sadikul Islam
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Neal L. Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - David J. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Jie Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
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Wang W, Li E, Zou J, Qu C, Ayala J, Wen Y, Islam MS, Weintraub NL, Fulton DJ, Liang Q, Zhou J, Liu J, Li J, Sun Y, Su H. The Ubiquitin Ligase RBX2/SAG Regulates Mitochondrial Ubiquitination and Mitophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.24.581168. [PMID: 38464205 PMCID: PMC10925227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.24.581168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy is crucial for cellular homeostasis. While the role of ubiquitin (Ub) ligase PARKIN in mitophagy has been extensively studied, increasing evidence suggests the existence of PARKIN-independent mitophagy in highly metabolically active organs such as the heart. Here, we identify a crucial role for Cullin-RING Ub ligase 5 (CRL5) in basal mitochondrial turnover in cardiomyocytes. CRL5 is a multi-subunit Ub ligase comprised by the catalytic RING box protein RBX2 (also known as SAG), scaffold protein Cullin 5 (CUL5), and a substrate-recognizing receptor. Analysis of the mitochondrial outer membrane-interacting proteome uncovered a robust association of CRLs with mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation, immunostaining, and immunogold electron microscopy established that RBX2 and Cul5, two core components of CRL5, localizes to mitochondria. Depletion of RBX2 inhibited mitochondrial ubiquitination and turnover, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration, and increased cell death in cardiomyocytes. In vivo , deletion of the Rbx2 gene in adult mouse hearts suppressed mitophagic activity, provoked accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the myocardium, and disrupted myocardial metabolism, leading to rapid development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Similarly, ablation of RBX2 in the developing heart resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Notably, the action of RBX2 in mitochondria is not dependent on PARKIN, and PARKIN gene deletion had no impact on the onset and progression of cardiomyopathy in RBX2-deficient hearts. Furthermore, RBX2 controls the stability of PINK1 in mitochondria. Proteomics and biochemical analyses further revealed a global impact of RBX2 deficiency on the mitochondrial proteome and identified several mitochondrial proteins as its putative substrates. These findings identify RBX2-CRL5 as a mitochondrial Ub ligase that controls mitophagy under physiological conditions in a PARKIN-independent, PINK1-dependent manner, thereby regulating cardiac homeostasis.
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Li J, Shen Y, Wang J, Chen B, Li Y. COMBINATION OF HYPEROXYGENATION AND TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF POST CARDIAC ARREST SYNDROME IRRESPECTIVE OF CAUSES OF ARREST IN RATS. Shock 2024; 61:934-941. [PMID: 38598836 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: The high mortality rates of patients who are resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) are attributed to post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). This study evaluated the effect of hyperoxygenation and targeted temperature management (TTM) on PCAS in rats with different causes of CA. Methods and Results: One hundred sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into asphyxial and dysrhythmic groups. Animals were further randomized into four subgroups immediately after resuscitation: normoxia-normothermia (NO-NT), ventilated with 21% oxygen under normothermia; hyperoxia-normothermia (HO-NT), ventilated with 100% oxygen for 3 hours under normothermia; normoxia-hypothermia (NO-HT), ventilated with 21% oxygen for 3 hours under hypothermia; and hyperoxia-hypothermia (HO-HT), ventilated with 100% oxygen for 3 hours under hypothermia. Post resuscitation cardiac dysfunction, neurological recovery, and pathological analysis were assessed. For asphyxial CA, HO-NT and HO-HT (68.8% and 75.0%) had significantly higher survival than NO-NT and NO-HT (31.3% and 31.3%). For dysrhythmic CA, NO-HT and HO-HT (81.3% and 87.5%) had significantly higher survival than NO-NT and HO-NT (44.0% and 50.0%). When all of the rats were considered, the survival rate was much higher in HO-HT (81.3%). Compared with NO-NT (57.7% ± 14.9% and 40.3% ± 7.8%), the collagen volume fraction and the proportion of fluoro-jade B-positive area in HO-HT (14.0% ± 5.7% and 28.0% ± 13.3%) were significantly reduced. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of hyperoxygenation and TTM are dependent on the cause of arrest: hyperoxygenation benefits asphyxial, whereas TTM benefits dysrhythmic CA. The combination of hyperoxygenation and TTM could effectively improve the functional outcome of PCAS regardless of the cause of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Camacho-Encina M, Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Folaranmi O, Spyridopoulos I, Richardson GD. Cellular Senescence, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Their Link to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:353. [PMID: 38391966 PMCID: PMC10886919 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a group of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels, are the primary cause of death worldwide, with an immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. According to the World Health Organization, CVD takes an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, where more than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. In the decades to come, an increased prevalence of age-related CVD, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis, myocardial infarction (MI), valvular heart disease, and heart failure (HF) will contribute to an even greater health and economic burden as the global average life expectancy increases and consequently the world's population continues to age. Considering this, it is important to focus our research efforts on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying CVD. In this review, we focus on cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, which have long been established to contribute to CVD. We also assess the recent advances in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction including energy starvation and oxidative stress, mitochondria dynamics imbalance, cell apoptosis, mitophagy, and senescence with a focus on therapies that influence both and therefore perhaps represent strategies with the most clinical potential, range, and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camacho-Encina
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Laura K. Booth
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Omowumi Folaranmi
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Gavin D. Richardson
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
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Schelemei P, Wagner E, Picard FSR, Winkels H. Macrophage mediators and mechanisms in cardiovascular disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23424. [PMID: 38275140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are major players in myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis, two major cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis is caused by the buildup of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in blood vessels, causing inflammation, vascular injury, and plaque formation. Plaque rupture or erosion can cause thrombus formation resulting in inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle and MI. Inflammation, particularly driven by macrophages, plays a central role in both atherosclerosis and MI. Recent integrative approaches of single-cell analysis-based classifications in both murine and human atherosclerosis as well as experimental MI showed overlap in origin, diversity, and function of macrophages in the aorta and the heart. We here discuss differences and communalities between macrophages in the heart and aorta at steady state and in atherosclerosis or upon MI. We focus on markers, mediators, and functional states of macrophage subpopulations. Recent trials testing anti-inflammatory agents show a major benefit in reducing the inflammatory burden of CVD patients, but highlight a necessity for a broader understanding of immune cell ontogeny and heterogeneity in CVD. The novel insights into macrophage biology in CVD represent exciting opportunities for the development of novel treatment strategies against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Schelemei
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Wagner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Simon Ruben Picard
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zhang TY, An DA, Zhou H, Chen B, Lu R, Fang W, Wang Q, Huang J, Jin H, Shen J, Zhou Y, Hu J, Bautista M, Ouchi T, Wu LM, Mou S. Left Ventricular Vertical Run-Length Nonuniformity MRI Adds Prognostic Value to MACE in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:522-532. [PMID: 37203257 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertical run-length nonuniformity (VRLN) is a texture feature representing heterogeneity within native T1 images and reflects the extent of cardiac fibrosis. In uremic cardiomyopathy, interstitial fibrosis was the major histological alteration. The prognostic value of VRLN in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of VRLN MRI in patients with ESRD. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 127 ESRD patients (30 participants in the major adverse cardiac events, MACE group). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/steady-state free precession sequence, modified Look-Locker imaging. ASSESSMENT MRI image qualities were assessed by three independent radiologists. VRLN values were measured in the myocardium on the mid-ventricular short-axis slice of T1 mapping. Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, as well as LV global strain cardiac parameters were measured. STATISTICAL TESTS The primary endpoint was the incident of MACE from enrollment time to January 2023. MACE is a composite endpoint consisting of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and life-threatening arrhythmia. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to test whether VRLN independently correlated with MACE. The intraclass correlation coefficients of VRLN were calculated to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. The C-index was computed to examine the prognostic value of VRLN. P-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Participants were followed for a median of 26 months. VRLN, age, LV end-systolic volume index, and global longitudinal strain remained significantly associated with MACE in the multivariable model. Adding VRLN to a baseline model containing clinical and conventional cardiac MRI parameters significantly improved the accuracy of the predictive model (C-index of the baseline model: 0.781 vs. the model added VRLN: 0.814). DATA CONCLUSION VRLN is a novel marker for risk stratification toward MACE in patients with ESRD, superior to native T1 mapping and LV ejection fraction. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Dong-Aolei An
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Renhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haijiao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianxiao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew Bautista
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Takahiro Ouchi
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Lian-Ming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Zhang TY, An DA, Yan H, Wang J, Zhou H, Chen B, Lu R, Fang W, Wang Q, Che X, Huang J, Jin H, Shen J, Zhou Y, Mou S, Chen J, Fang Y, Wu LM. Fractal Analysis of Left Ventricular Trabeculae in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Random Survival Tree Analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38270242 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complexity of left ventricular (LV) trabeculae is related to the prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of LV trabecular complexity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). STUDY TYPE Prospective outcome study. POPULATION 207 participants on maintenance dialysis, divided into development (160 patients from 2 centers) and external validation (47 patients from a third center) cohorts, and 72 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH 3.0T, steady-state free precession (SSFP) and modified Look-Locker imaging sequences. ASSESSMENT All participants had their trabecular complexity quantified by fractal analysis using cine SSFP images. Patients were followed up every 2 weeks until April 2023, or endpoint events happened. Random Forest (RF) and Cox regression models including age, diabetes, LV mass index, mean basal fractal dimension (FD), and left atrial volume index, were developed to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on scores derived from the RF model and survival compared. STATISTICAL TESTS Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log rank tests; Harrel's C-index to assess model performance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (26.57%) experienced MACE during a median follow-up time of 21.83 months. An increased mean basal FD (≥1.324) was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACE. The RF model (C-index: 0.81) had significantly better discrimination than the Cox regression model (C-index: 0.74). Participants of the external validation dataset classified into the high-risk group had a hazard of experiencing MACE increased by 12.29 times compared to those in the low-risk group. DATA CONCLUSION LV basal FD was an independent predictor for MACE in patients with ESRD. Reliable risk stratification models could be generated based on LV basal FD and other MRI variables using RF analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Aolei An
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiajing Che
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxiao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Ming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Bi Y, Zhao Z, Wang S, Lin S, Yang Z, Wang X, Mao J. Emerging role of mitophagy in heart failure: from molecular mechanism to targeted therapy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:906-918. [PMID: 36658777 PMCID: PMC10054314 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2167949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is defined as a drop in heart's pump function, accounting for reduced blood output and venous stasis, and constitutes the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. Although mild mitochondrial dysfunction may hinder cardiomyocyte metabolism and impair myocardial function, severe mitochondrial injury is accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to irreversible damage of the heart. Selective autophagy of mitochondria, or mitophagy, serves to rapidly remove dysfunctional mitochondria and restore the health of the mitochondrial population within cells by allowing reutilization of degradative substrates such as amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides. Although mitophagy represents a protective program that prevents the accumulation of poorly structured or damaged mitochondria, excessive mitophagy leads to mitochondrial population decline, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, and decreased ATP production. In this review, we first discuss the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy and the roles of different mitophagy adaptors. Then, the multiple and complex influence of mitophagy on heart failure is summarized. Finally, novel pharmacological strategies targeting mitophagy to relieve heart failure are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Rehabilitation Department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingfei Bi
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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10
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Liu L, Sun K, Luo Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Chen L, Zheng S, Wu T, Xiao P. Myocardin-related transcription factor A, regulated by serum response factor, contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Life Sci 2023; 317:121470. [PMID: 36758668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a significant contributor to the global pandemic of heart failure. In the present study we investigated the involvement of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a transcriptional regulator, in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in mice by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) or streptozotocin (STZ) injection. KEY FINDINGS We report that MRTF-A was up-regulated in the hearts of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. MRTF-A expression was also up-regulated by treatment with palmitate in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, serum response factor (SRF) bound to the MRTF-A gene promoter and activated MRTF-A transcription in response to pro-diabetic stimuli. Knockdown of SRF abrogated MRTF-A induction in cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate. When cardiomyocytes conditional MRTF-A knockout mice (MRTF-A CKO) and wild type (WT) mice were placed on an HFD to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy, it was found that the CKO mice and the WT mice displayed comparable metabolic parameters including body weight, blood insulin concentration, blood cholesterol concentration, and glucose tolerance. However, both systolic and diastolic cardiac function were exacerbated by MRTF-A deletion in the heart. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that MRTF-A up-regulation might serve as an important compensatory mechanism to safeguard the deterioration of cardiac function during diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Li H, Gao L, Du J, Ma T, Li W, Ye Z, Li Z. Impacts of autophagy on the formation of organelle-free zone during the lens development. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4551-4564. [PMID: 36877352 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The thorough degeneration of organelles in the core of the lens is certainly a hallmark event during the lens development. Organelles degradation in the terminal differentiation process of lens fiber cells to form an organelle-free zone is critical for lens maturation and transparency. Several mechanisms have been proposed to expand our understanding of lens organelles degradation, including apoptotic pathways, the participation of ribozyme, proteolytic enzyme and phospholipase A and acyltransferase, and the newly discovered roles for autophagy. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation reaction during which the "useless" cellular components are degraded and recycled. These cellular components, such as incorrectly folded proteins, damaged organelles and other macromolecules, are first engulfed by the autophagosome before being further delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Although autophagy has been recognized involving in organelle degradation of the lens, the detailed functions remain to be discovered. Recent advances have revealed that autophagy not only plays a vital role in the intracellular quality control of the lens but is also involved in the degradation of nonnuclear organelles in the process of lens fiber cell differentiation. Herein, we first review the potential mechanisms of organelle-free zone formation, then discuss the roles of autophagy in intracellular quality control and cataract formation, and finally substantially summarize the potential involvement of autophagy in the development of organelle-free zone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. .,Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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Al-U’datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Husein B, Hiram R, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-shboul O, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Almajwal A. Involvement and possible role of transglutaminases 1 and 2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking and cell proliferation in neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281320. [PMID: 36848364 PMCID: PMC9970086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TG) isoforms control diverse normal and pathophysiologic processes through their capacity to cross-link extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Their functional and signalling roles in cardiac fibrosis remain poorly understood, despite some evidence of TG2 involvement in abnormal ECM remodelling in heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TG1 and TG2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking, and cell proliferation in healthy fibroblasts by siRNA-mediated knockdown. siRNA for TG1, TG2 or negative control was transfected into cultured neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. mRNA expression of TGs and profibrotic, proliferation and apoptotic markers was assessed by qPCR. Cell proliferation and soluble and insoluble collagen were determined by ELISA and LC-MS/MS, respectively. TG1 and TG2 were both expressed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts before transfection. Other TGs were not detected before and after transfection. TG2 was predominantly expressed and more effectively silenced than TG1. Knocking down TG1 or TG2 significantly modified profibrotic markers mRNA expression in fibroblasts, decreasing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and increasing transforming growth factor-β1 compared to the negative siRNA control. Reduced expression of collagen 3A1 was found upon TG1 knockdown, while TG2 knockdown raised α-smooth muscle actin expression. TG2 knockdown further increased fibroblast proliferation and the expression of proliferation marker cyclin D1. Lower insoluble collagen content and collagen cross-linking were evidenced upon silencing TG1 or TG2. Transcript levels of collagen 1A1, fibronectin 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin E2, and BCL-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio were strongly correlated with TG1 mRNA expression, whereas TG2 expression correlated strongly with CTGF mRNA abundance. These findings support a functional and signalling role for TG1 and TG2 from fibroblasts in regulating key processes underlying myocardial ECM homeostasis and dysregulation, suggesting that these isoforms could be potential and promising targets for the development of cardiac fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa’a G. F. Al-U’datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Carole C. Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Belal Al-Husein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Othman Al-shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Chen D, Zhong D, Mei R, Qian S, Wang P, Chen K, Yu X. Screening and identification of potential key biomarkers for glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:28. [PMID: 36631868 PMCID: PMC9832261 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a common disease in osteoarticular surgery, with a high disability rate, which brings great physical and mental pain and economic burden to patients. Its specific pathogenesis has not been fully demonstrated, and there is a lack of recognized effective biomarkers for earlier detection and prompt treatment. This has become an urgent clinical problem for orthopedic scholars. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded the gene expression profile dataset GSE123568 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, used STRING and Cytoscape to carry out module analysis and built a gene interaction network. The four core genes most related to GIONFH in this network were ultimately found out by precise analysis and animal experiment were then conducted for verification. In this verification process, thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group, model group and drug group. Except for the blank control group, the animal model of GIONFH was established by lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone, while the drug group was given the lipid-lowering drugs for intervention as planned. The rabbits were taken for magnetic resonance imaging at different stages, and their femoral head specimens were taken for pathological examination, then the expression of target genes in the femoral head specimens of corresponding groups was detected. Validation methods included RT-PCR and pathological examination. RESULTS A total of 679 differential genes were selected at first, including 276 up-regulated genes and 403 down-regulated genes. Finally, four genes with the highest degree of correlation were screened. Animal experiment results showed that ASXL1 and BNIP3L were in low expression, while FCGR2A and TYROBP were highly expressed. CONCLUSION Through animal experiments, it was confirmed that ASXL1, BNIP3L, FCGR2A and TYROBP screened from the comparative analysis of multiple genes in the database were closely related to GIONFH, which is important for early diagnosis of Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China
| | - Duming Zhong
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China ,grid.507988.bDepartment of Orthopaedics, Xiang Yang No.1 People’s Hospital, Xiangyang, 441100 Hubei China
| | - Runhong Mei
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China ,grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China
| | - Shida Qian
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China
| | - Peng Wang
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 Jiangxi China
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zheng Y, Jiang J. Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4699-4719. [PMID: 36217495 PMCID: PMC9547598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a pluripotent group of extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cells that mediate intercellular communications. The effective information within exosomes is primarily reflected in exosomal cargos, including proteins, lipids, DNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the most intensively studied molecules. Cardiac resident cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and foreign cells (infiltrated immune cells, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) are involved in the progress of ventricular remodeling (VR) following myocardial infarction (MI) via transferring exosomes into target cells. Here, we summarize the pathological mechanisms of VR following MI, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders, and the roles of exosomal cargos in these processes, with a focus on proteins and ncRNAs. Continued research in this field reveals a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Jiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 135 8870 6891, Email
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15
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Field JT, Gordon JW. BNIP3 and Nix: Atypical regulators of cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119325. [PMID: 35863652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 25 years ago, the BCL-2 family members BNIP3 and BNIP3L (aka Nix) have been labelled 'atypical'. Originally, this was because BNIP3 and Nix have divergent BH3 domains compared to other BCL-2 proteins. In addition, this atypical BH3 domain is dispensable for inducing cell death, which is also unusual for a 'death gene'. Instead, BNIP3 and Nix utilize a transmembrane domain, which allows for dimerization and insertion into and through organelle membranes to elicit cell death. Much has been learned regarding the biological function of these two atypical death genes, including their role in metabolic stress, where BNIP3 is responsive to hypoxia, while Nix responds variably to hypoxia and is also down-stream of PKC signaling and lipotoxic stress. Interestingly, both BNIP3 and Nix respond to signals related to cell atrophy. In addition, our current view of regulated cell death has expanded to include forms of necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and permeability transition-mediated cell death where BNIP3 and Nix have been shown to play context- and cell-type specific roles. Perhaps the most intriguing discoveries in recent years are the results demonstrating roles for BNIP3 and Nix outside of the purview of death genes, such as regulation of proliferation, differentiation/maturation, mitochondrial dynamics, macro- and selective-autophagy. We provide a historical and unbiased overview of these 'death genes', including new information related to alternative splicing and post-translational modification. In addition, we propose to redefine these two atypical members of the BCL-2 family as versatile regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Field
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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16
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Dorn Ii GW. Neurohormonal Connections with Mitochondria in Cardiomyopathy and Other Diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C461-C477. [PMID: 35759434 PMCID: PMC9363002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormonal signaling and mitochondrial dynamism are seemingly distinct processes that are almost ubiquitous among multicellular organisms. Both of these processes are regulated by GTPases, and disturbances in either can provoke disease. Here, inconspicuous pathophysiological connectivity between neurohormonal signaling and mitochondrial dynamism is reviewed in the context of cardiac and neurological syndromes. For both processes, greater understanding of basic mechanisms has evoked a reversal of conventional pathophysiological concepts. Thus, neurohormonal systems induced in, and previously thought to be critical for, cardiac functioning in heart failure are now pharmaceutically interrupted as modern standard of care. And, mitochondrial abnormalities in neuropathies that were originally attributed to an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission are increasingly recognized as an interruption of axonal mitochondrial transport. The data are presented in a historical context to provided insight into how scientific thought has evolved and to foster an appreciation for how seemingly different areas of investigation can converge. Finally, some theoretical notions are presented to explain how different molecular and functional defects can evoke tissue-specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn Ii
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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17
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Mitochondrial autophagy: molecular mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:444. [PMID: 35534453 PMCID: PMC9085840 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that participate in ATP generation and involve calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria could cause serious consequences even lead to cell death. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondria is critical for cellular functions. Mitophagy is a process of selectively degrading damaged mitochondria under mitochondrial toxicity conditions, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control. The abnormal mitophagy that aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. As the myocardium is a highly oxidative metabolic tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This review discusses the most recent progress on mitophagy and its role in cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Ma X, Rawnsley DR, Kovacs A, Islam M, Murphy JT, Zhao C, Kumari M, Foroughi L, Liu H, Qi K, Diwan A, Hyrc K, Evans S, Satoh T, French BA, Margulies KB, Javaheri A, Razani B, Mann DL, Mani K, Diwan A. TRAF2, an Innate Immune Sensor, Reciprocally Regulates Mitophagy and Inflammation to Maintain Cardiac Myocyte Homeostasis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:223-243. [PMID: 35411325 PMCID: PMC8993766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for cardiac myocyte function, but damaged mitochondria trigger cardiac myocyte death. Although mitophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway to remove damaged mitochondria, is robustly active in cardiac myocytes in the unstressed heart, its mechanisms and physiological role remain poorly defined. We discovered a critical role for TRAF2, an innate immunity effector protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, in facilitating physiological cardiac myocyte mitophagy in the adult heart, to prevent inflammation and cell death, and maintain myocardial homeostasis.
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Key Words
- AAV9, adeno-associated virus serotype 9
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FS, fractional shortening
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LV, left ventricular
- MAM, mitochondria-associated membranes
- MCM, MerCreMer
- MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast
- PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TRAF2
- TRAF2, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- cTnT, cardiac troponin T
- cell death
- inflammation
- mitophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David R. Rawnsley
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Moydul Islam
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John T. Murphy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Minu Kumari
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Layla Foroughi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin Qi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaradhya Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krzysztof Hyrc
- Alafi Neuroimaging Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Evans
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kartik Mani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Tachycardiomyopathy entails a dysfunctional pattern of interrelated mitochondrial functions. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:45. [PMID: 36068416 PMCID: PMC9448689 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tachycardiomyopathy is characterised by reversible left ventricular dysfunction, provoked by rapid ventricular rate. While the knowledge of mitochondria advanced in most cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial functions await elucidation in tachycardiomyopathy. Pacemakers were implanted in 61 rabbits. Tachypacing was performed with 330 bpm for 10 days (n = 11, early left ventricular dysfunction) or with up to 380 bpm over 30 days (n = 24, tachycardiomyopathy, TCM). In n = 26, pacemakers remained inactive (SHAM). Left ventricular tissue was subjected to respirometry, metabolomics and acetylomics. Results were assessed for translational relevance using a human-based model: induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes underwent field stimulation for 7 days (TACH-iPSC-CM). TCM animals showed systolic dysfunction compared to SHAM (fractional shortening 37.8 ± 1.0% vs. 21.9 ± 1.2%, SHAM vs. TCM, p < 0.0001). Histology revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cross-sectional area 393.2 ± 14.5 µm2 vs. 538.9 ± 23.8 µm2, p < 0.001) without fibrosis. Mitochondria were shifted to the intercalated discs and enlarged. Mitochondrial membrane potential remained stable in TCM. The metabolite profiles of ELVD and TCM were characterised by profound depletion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Redox balance was shifted towards a more oxidised state (ratio of reduced to oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 4.0 ± 0.8, p < 0.01). The mitochondrial acetylome remained largely unchanged. Neither TCM nor TACH-iPSC-CM showed relevantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity of TCM decreased modestly in skinned fibres (168.9 ± 11.2 vs. 124.6 ± 11.45 pmol·O2·s-1·mg-1 tissue, p < 0.05), but it did not in isolated mitochondria. The pattern of mitochondrial dysfunctions detected in two models of tachycardiomyopathy diverges from previously published characteristic signs of other heart failure aetiologies.
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20
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Gu L, Surolia R, Larson-Casey JL, He C, Davis D, Kang J, Antony VB, Carter AB. Targeting Cpt1a-Bcl-2 interaction modulates apoptosis resistance and fibrotic remodeling. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:118-132. [PMID: 34413485 PMCID: PMC8738732 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates metabolic reprogramming in lung macrophages and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis progression is associated with apoptosis resistance in lung macrophages; however, the mechanism(s) by which apoptosis resistance occurs is poorly understood. Here, we found a marked increase in mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in lung macrophages from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Similar findings were seen in bleomycin-injured wild-type (WT) mice, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly decreased in mice expressing a dominant-negative mitochondrial calcium uniporter (DN-MCU). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, directly interacted with Bcl-2 by binding to its BH3 domain, which anchored Bcl-2 in the mitochondria to attenuate apoptosis. This interaction was dependent on Cpt1a activity. Lung macrophages from IPF subjects had a direct correlation between CPT1A and Bcl-2, whereas the absence of binding induced apoptosis. The deletion of Bcl-2 in macrophages protected mice from developing pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, mice had resolution when Bcl-2 was deleted or was inhibited with ABT-199 after fibrosis was established. These observations implicate an interplay between macrophage fatty acid β-oxidation, apoptosis resistance, and dysregulated fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Gu
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Chao He
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dana Davis
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jungsoon Kang
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Veena B. Antony
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.280808.a0000 0004 0419 1326Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL USA
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21
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Diao RY, Gustafsson AB. Mitochondrial Quality Surveillance: Mitophagy in cardiovascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C218-C230. [PMID: 34965154 PMCID: PMC8816617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective autophagy of mitochondria, known as mitophagy, is a major quality control pathway in the heart that is involved in removing unwanted or dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell. Baseline mitophagy is critical for maintaining fitness of the mitochondrial network by continuous turnover of aged and less-functional mitochondria. Mitophagy is also critical in adapting to stress associated with mitochondrial damage or dysfunction. The removal of damaged mitochondria prevents reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to proteins and DNA and suppresses activation of inflammation and cell death. Impairments in mitophagy are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. Mitophagy is a highly regulated and complex process that requires the coordination of labeling dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation while simultaneously promoting de novo autophagosome biogenesis adjacent to the cargo. In this review, we provide an update on our current understanding of these steps in mitophagy induction and discuss the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of altered mitophagy in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y Diao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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22
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Meeran MFN, Azimullah S, Mamoudh HH, Sharma C, Kumar S, Goyal SN, Ojha S. Nerolidol, a Sesquiterpene from the Essential Oils of Aromatic Plants, Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Cardiotoxicity in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7334-7343. [PMID: 34170670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usage of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anthracycline antineoplastic drug, is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the possible cardioprotective effects of nerolidol (NERO) in a rat model of DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. DOX (2.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once in a week for 5 weeks to induce chronic cardiotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. The rats were treated with NERO (50 mg/kg, orally) 6 days a week for a duration of 5 weeks. DOX-injected rats showed a significant decline in cardiac function, elevated levels of serum cardiac marker enzymes, and enhanced oxidative stress markers along with altered PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathways. DOX also triggered the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and increased the levels/expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in the heart. DOX activated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic cell death along with fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and apoptosis in the myocardium. Additionally, histological studies, TUNEL staining, and myocardial lesions revealed structural alterations of the myocardium. NERO treatment showed considerable protective effects on the biochemical and molecular parameters studied. The findings demonstrate that NERO protects against DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity and the observed cardioprotective effects are attributed to its potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box-17666, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box-17666, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Hashiesh Mamoudh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box-17666, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box-17666, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 201310
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's, Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra 424 001, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box-17666, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Nie P, Wang H, Yu D, Wu H, Ni B, Kong J, Zhang Z. NIX Mediates Mitophagy in Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Interacting with LC3. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1983-1994. [PMID: 33779883 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitophagy plays a role in neuronal death in spinal cord injury (SCI), its molecular regulation remains largely unknown. The present study aims to determine the role of NIX, a member of a unique subfamily of death-inducing mitochondrial proteins, in the regulation of mitophagy in SCI. Here we show that NIX is highly upregulated in SCI and hypoxia, and localized to mitochondria. The mitochondria-bound NIX interacts with autophagosome-localized LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) to form a mitochondria-NIX-LC3-autophagosome complex, resulting in excessive mitophagy in SCI. Downregulation of NIX by RNA interference restores the function of mitochondria in spinal cord neurons under hypoxia. Importantly, inhibition of NIX improves recovery of locomotor function in rats after SCI. The present study demonstrates that NIX interacts with LC3 to activate excessive mitophagy in SCI. Inhibition of NIX is therefore likely a neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piming Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, 111 Liu Hua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Datang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 74th Group Army Hospital of the PLA, 468 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510318, China
| | - Hongchen Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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24
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Liu S, Sun WC, Zhang YL, Lin QY, Liao JW, Song GR, Ma XL, Li HH, Zhang B. SOCS3 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Targeting GRP78-Mediated ER Stress During Pressure Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629932. [PMID: 33585485 PMCID: PMC7874011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced hypertrophic remodeling is a critical pathological process leading to heart failure (HF). Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been demonstrated to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. Using primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout (SOCS3cko) or overexpression mice, we demonstrated that modulation of SOCS3 level influenced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypertrophic stimuli. We found that glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) was a direct target of SOCS3, and that overexpression of SOCS3 inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis through promoting proteasomal degradation of GRP78, thereby inhibiting activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitophagy in the heart. Thus, our results uncover SOCS3-GRP78-mediated ER stress as a novel mechanism in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to HF induced by sustained pressure overload, and suggest that modulating this pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach for hypertrophic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Chang Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gui-Rong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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26
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Saito T, Hamano K, Sadoshima J. Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of multiple forms of mitophagy in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:2730-2741. [PMID: 33331644 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the primary ATP-producing organelles, are highly abundant in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial function readily deteriorates in the presence of stress and, thus, maintenance of mitochondrial quality is essential for sustaining pump function in the heart. Cardiomyocytes under stress attempt to maintain mitochondrial quality primarily through dynamic changes in their morphology, namely fission and fusion, degradation, and biogenesis. Mitophagy, a mitochondria-specific form of autophagy, is a major mechanism of degradation. The level of mitophagy is altered in stress conditions, which, in turn, significantly affects mitochondrial function, cardiomyocyte survival, and death and cardiac function. Thus, mitophagy has been emerging as a promising target for treatment of cardiac conditions. To develop specific interventions, modulating the activity of mitophagy in the heart, understanding how mitochondria are degraded in a given condition is important. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that there are multiple mechanisms by which mitochondria are degraded through mitophagy in the heart. For example, in addition to the well-established mechanism commonly utilized by general autophagy, involving Atg7 and LC3, recent evidence suggests that an alternative mechanism, independent of Atg7 and LC3, also mediates mitophagy in the heart. Here, we describe molecular mechanisms through which mitochondria are degraded in the heart and discuss their functional significance. We also discuss molecular interventions to modulate the activity of mitophagy and their potential applications for cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Saito
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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27
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Critical hubs of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering complexes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2599-2609. [PMID: 32960842 PMCID: PMC7722596 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered to be the key mechanisms of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that form close physical contact with a specific domain of the ER, known as mitochondrial-associated membranes. The close physical contact between them is mainly restrained by ER-mitochondria tethering complexes, which can play an important role in mitochondrial damage, ER stress, lipid homeostasis, and cell death. Several ER-mitochondria tethering complex components are involved in the process of renal I/R injury. A better understanding of the physical and functional interaction between ER and mitochondria is helpful to further clarify the mechanism of renal I/R injury and provide potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to describe the structure of the tethering complex and elucidate its pivotal role in renal I/R injury by summarizing its role in many important mechanisms, such as mitophagy, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, apoptosis and necrosis, ER stress, mitochondrial substance transport, and lipid metabolism.
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28
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Myocardial Fibrosis Development via PERK-Mediated Autophagy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:618-626. [PMID: 32632848 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in a variety of diseases. Recently, it was found that ERS induces not only apoptosis but also autophagy. Previous studies showed that inhibition of autophagy alleviates cell injury. The purpose of our study was to investigate the involvement of the R-like ER kinase (PERK) in ERS-induced autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. To address this aim, therefore, H9c2 cells were treated with PERK agonist and inhibitor after establishment of rapamycin-induced ERS models in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect degrees of ERS-induced autophagy, apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Western blotting was employed to detect the levels of total and phosphorylated PERK, light chain 3 (LC3), P62, Caspase3, Bcl2 and Bax. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess α-SMA density. TGF-β induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts time-dependently upregulated col I, col III, FN, and LC3 expressions, PERK phosphorylation and α-SMA density, and downregulated P62 level compared with control cells. Treatment with PERK agonist and inhibitor respectively increased and decreased LC3 expression, conversely in P62 level, which is consistent with effect of ERS agonists and inhibitors. And a PERK inhibitor upregulated the expressions of Caspase3 and Bax, and downregulated Bcl2 level, which developed H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PERK reduced ERS mediated autophagy activity and increased cells apoptosis. On the other hand, elevated autophagy activity could downregulated PERK level. Our finding showed that PERK activity mediates upregulation of ERS-induced autophagy and regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
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29
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Vincent G, Novak EA, Siow VS, Cunningham KE, Griffith BD, Comerford TE, Mentrup HL, Stolz DB, Loughran P, Ranganathan S, Mollen KP. Nix-Mediated Mitophagy Modulates Mitochondrial Damage During Intestinal Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1-19. [PMID: 32103677 PMCID: PMC7262642 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction within the intestinal epithelium are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the importance of mitophagy during intestinal inflammation remains poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how the mitophagy protein BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L/NIX) mitigates mitochondrial damage during intestinal inflammation in the hopes that these data will allow us to target mitochondrial health in the intestinal epithelium as an adjunct to immune-based treatment strategies. Results: In the intestinal epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis, we found that NIX was upregulated and targeted to the mitochondria. We obtained similar findings in wild-type mice undergoing experimental colitis. An increase in NIX expression was found to depend on stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α), which binds to the Nix promoter region. Using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger MitoTEMPO, we were able to attenuate disease and inhibit both HIF1α stabilization and subsequent NIX expression, suggesting that mitochondrially derived ROS are crucial to initiating the mitophagic response during intestinal inflammation. We subjected a global Nix-/- mouse to dextran sodium sulfate colitis and found that these mice developed worse disease. In addition, Nix-/- mice were found to exhibit increased mitochondrial mass, likely due to the inability to clear damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Innovation: These results demonstrate the importance of mitophagy within the intestinal epithelium during IBD pathogenesis. Conclusion: NIX-mediated mitophagy is required to maintain intestinal homeostasis during inflammation, highlighting the impact of mitochondrial damage on IBD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Vincent
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Novak
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vei Shaun Siow
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kellie E Cunningham
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Heather L Mentrup
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kevin P Mollen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Liu L, Liao X, Wu H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy and Its Contribution to Metabolic and Aging-Associated Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:906-927. [PMID: 31969001 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses for ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, and the centers for fatty acid β-oxidation, metabolite synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, innate immunity, and apoptosis. To fulfill these critical functions, mitochondrial quality and homeostasis must be well maintained. Abnormal mitochondrial quality contributes to aging and age-related disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent Advances: Mitophagy is a cellular process that selectively removes damaged or superfluous mitochondria by autolysosomal degradation and is regarded as one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Critical Issues: To date, distinct mitophagy pathways have been discovered, including receptor-mediated mitophagy and ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. Emerging knowledge of these pathways shows that they play important roles in sensing mitochondrial stress and signaling for metabolic adaptations. Future Directions: Here, we provide a review on the molecular mechanisms for mitophagy and its interplay with cellular metabolism, with a particular focus on its role in metabolic and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zhu J, Wang YF, Chai XM, Qian K, Zhang LW, Peng P, Chen PM, Cao JF, Qin ZH, Sheng R, Xie H. Exogenous NADPH ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through activating AMPK/mTOR pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:535-545. [PMID: 31776448 PMCID: PMC7470878 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study shows that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) plays an important role in protecting against cerebral ischemia injury. In this study we investigated whether NADPH exerted cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To induce myocardial I/R injury, rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. At the onset of reperfusion, NADPH (4, 8, 16 mg· kg−1· d−1, iv) was administered to the rats. We found that NADPH concentrations in plasma and heart were significantly increased at 4 h after intravenous administration. Exogenous NADPH (8−16 mg/kg) significantly decreased myocardial infarct size and reduced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I). Exogenous NADPH significantly decreased the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes, and reduced the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. In addition, exogenous NADPH reduced mitochondrial vacuolation and increased mitochondrial membrane protein COXIV and TOM20, decreased BNIP3L and increased Bcl-2 to protect mitochondrial function. We conducted in vitro experiments in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R). Pretreatment with NADPH (60, 500 nM) significantly rescued the cell viability and inhibited OGD/R-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with NADPH significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR in OGD/R-treated NRCM. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished NADPH-induced AMPK phosphorylation and cardioprotection in OGD/R-treated NRCM. In conclusion, exogenous NADPH exerts cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury through the activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibiting mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. NADPH may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases.
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Fan H, He Z, Huang H, Zhuang H, Liu H, Liu X, Yang S, He P, Yang H, Feng D. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiomyocytes: A Critical Role in the Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 32292354 PMCID: PMC7119225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as an energy plant and participate in a variety of signaling pathways to regulate cellular metabolism, survival and immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction, in particular in cardiomyocytes, is associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, resulting in heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control processes, including post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and formation of mitochondrial-driven vesicles, play a critical role in maintenance of mitochondrial and even cellular homeostasis in physiological or pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocytes is able to improve cardiac function, rescue dying cardiomyocytes, and prevent the deterioration of cardiovascular disease upon external environmental stress. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocytes. We also evaluate potential targets to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases, and highlight future research directions which will help uncover additional mechanisms underlying mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- ABSL-Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment and Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Du Feng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Li T, Li Z, Liu N, Yan Y, Liu B. Role of Mitophagy in Cardiovascular Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:419-437. [PMID: 32257551 PMCID: PMC7069452 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary contributor to these disorders. Recent studies have elaborated on selective autophagy-mitophagy, which eliminates damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria, stabilizes mitochondrial structure and function, and maintains cell survival and growth. Numerous recent studies have reported that mitophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying mitophagy and advancements in studies on the role of mitophagy in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Mitophagy in Acute Kidney Injury and Kidney Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020338. [PMID: 32024113 PMCID: PMC7072358 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by rapid decline of renal function. Besides its acute consequence of high mortality, AKI has recently been recognized as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive or incomplete repair of renal tubules after severe or episodic AKI leads to renal fibrosis and, eventually, CKD. Recent studies highlight a key role of mitochondrial pathology in AKI development and abnormal kidney repair after AKI. As such, timely elimination of damaged mitochondria in renal tubular cells represents an important quality control mechanism for cell homeostasis and survival during kidney injury and repair. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy that selectively removes redundant or damaged mitochondria. Here, we summarize our recent understanding on the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy, discuss the role of mitophagy in AKI development and kidney repair after AKI, and present future research directions and therapeutic potential.
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Patel P, Karch J. Regulation of cell death in the cardiovascular system. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 353:153-209. [PMID: 32381175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult heart is a post-mitotic terminally differentiated organ; therefore, beyond development, cardiomyocyte cell death is maladaptive. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world and aberrant cardiomyocyte cell death is the underlying problem for most cardiovascular-related diseases and fatalities. In this chapter, we will discuss the different cell death mechanisms that engage during normal cardiac development, aging, and disease states. The most abundant loss of cardiomyocytes occurs during a myocardial infarction, when the blood supply to the heart is obstructed, and the affected myocardium succumbs to cell death. Originally, this form of cell death was considered to be unregulated; however, research from the last half a century clearly demonstrates that this form of cell death is multifaceted and employees various degrees of regulation. We will explore all of the cell death pathways that have been implicated in this disease state and the potential interplay between them. Beyond myocardial infarction, we also explore the role and mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell death in heart failure, myocarditis, and chemotherapeutic-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte cell death has extensive therapeutic potential that will increase the longevity and health of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Morales PE, Arias-Durán C, Ávalos-Guajardo Y, Aedo G, Verdejo HE, Parra V, Lavandero S. Emerging role of mitophagy in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 71:100822. [PMID: 31587811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Healthy mitochondrial function is imperative for most tissues, but especially those with a high energy demand. Robust evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with cardiovascular disease has demonstrated that mitochondrial activity is highly relevant to cardiac muscle performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through coordination among the processes that comprise the so-called mitochondrial dynamics machinery. The most-studied elements of cardiac mitochondrial dynamics are mitochondrial fission and fusion, biogenesis and degradation. Selective autophagic removal of mitochondria (mitophagy) is essential for clearing away defective mitochondria but can lead to cell damage and death if not tightly controlled. In cardiovascular cells such as cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, mitophagy is involved in metabolic activity, cell differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes related to major phenotypic changes. Modulation of mitophagy has detrimental and/or beneficial outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial degradation in the heart could provide valuable clinical insights. Here, we discuss current evidence supporting the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with an emphasis on different research models and their interpretations; basic concepts related to this selective autophagy; and the most commonly used experimental approaches for studying this mechanism. Finally, we provide a comprehensive literature analysis on the role of mitophagy in heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as its potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Arias-Durán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yáreni Ávalos-Guajardo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldine Aedo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Di Mauro S, Scamporrino A, Petta S, Urbano F, Filippello A, Ragusa M, Di Martino MT, Scionti F, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Privitera G, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani A, Rabuazzo AM, Craxì A, Purrello M, Purrello F, Piro S. Serum coding and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity. Liver Int 2019; 39:1742-1754. [PMID: 31169972 PMCID: PMC6771597 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. METHODS We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. RESULTS We identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCSTroina94018Italy
| | - Maria T. Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Graziella Privitera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Pad MarangoniMilanItaly
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Anna Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Agata M. Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Wang S, Zhao Z, Fan Y, Zhang M, Feng X, Lin J, Hu J, Cheng Z, Sun C, Liu T, Xiong Z, Yang Z, Wang H, Sun D. Mst1 inhibits Sirt3 expression and contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibiting Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ma J, Ni H, Rui Q, Liu H, Jiang F, Gao R, Gao Y, Li D, Chen G. Potential Roles of NIX/BNIP3L Pathway in Rat Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:585-595. [PMID: 30961359 PMCID: PMC7103607 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719840353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NIX/BNIP3L is known as a proapoptotic protein that is also related to mitophagy. Previous
reports have shown that NIX could be involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral
hemorrhage, but it also plays a protective role in mitophagy in ischemic brain injury. How
NIX works in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear. Thus, this study was designed to
observe the expression of NIX and perform a preliminary exploration of the possible
effects of NIX in a rat TBI model. The results showed that NIX expression decreased after
damage, and colocalized with neuronal cells in cortical areas. Moreover, when we induced
upregulation of NIX, autophagy was increased, while neuronal apoptosis and brain water
content decreased along with neurological deficits. These findings remind us that NIX
probably plays a neuroprotective role in TBI through autophagy and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Ma
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Rui
- 3 Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery and Translational Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
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Li Y, Wu X, Liu X, Li P. Mitophagy imbalance in cardiomyocyte ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13228. [PMID: 30507035 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rhythmic contraction of cardiomyocytes consumes a lot of energy. 90% of ATP in cardiomyocytes is produced by mitochondria. Maintenance of a healthy population of mitochondria by mitophagy is critical for cardiomyocyte survival and normal function. Mitophagy refers to selective removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy mechanism. The process of mitophagy must be restricted to dysfunctional mitochondria and maintained at a balanced level. Disruption in the balance inevitably leads to cardiomyocyte injury and dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitophagy plays a pivotal role in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of mitophgy in cardiomyocyte function, the implications for cardiomyocyte injury in response to ischaemia/reperfusion as well as their underlying potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xu‐dong Wu
- Department of Out‐patient PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xiu‐hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Pei‐feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Gustafsson ÅB, Dorn GW. Evolving and Expanding the Roles of Mitophagy as a Homeostatic and Pathogenic Process. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:853-892. [PMID: 30540226 PMCID: PMC6442924 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The central functions fulfilled by mitochondria as both energy generators essential for tissue homeostasis and gateways to programmed apoptotic and necrotic cell death mandate tight control over the quality and quantity of these ubiquitous endosymbiotic organelles. Mitophagy, the targeted engulfment and destruction of mitochondria by the cellular autophagy apparatus, has conventionally been considered as the mechanism primarily responsible for mitochondrial quality control. However, our understanding of how, why, and under what specific conditions mitophagy is activated has grown tremendously over the past decade. Evidence is accumulating that nonmitophagic mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are more important to maintaining normal tissue homeostasis whereas mitophagy is an acute tissue stress response. Moreover, previously unrecognized mitophagic regulation of mitochondrial quantity control, metabolic reprogramming, and cell differentiation suggests that the mechanisms linking genetic or acquired defects in mitophagy to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or cancer are more complex than simple failure of normal mitochondrial quality control. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis and disease and examine the most revolutionary concepts in these areas. In this context, we discuss evidence that atypical mitophagy and nonmitophagic pathways play central roles in mitochondrial quality control, functioning that was previously considered to be the primary domain of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California ; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Cadete VJJ, Vasam G, Menzies KJ, Burelle Y. Mitochondrial quality control in the cardiac system: An integrative view. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:782-796. [PMID: 30472159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have led to the discovery of multiple mitochondrial quality control (mQC) processes that operate at various scales, ranging from the degradation of proteins by mitochondrial proteases to the degradation of selected cargos or entire organelles in lysosomes. While the mechanisms governing these mQC processes are progressively being delineated, their role and importance remain unclear. Converging evidence however point to a complex system whereby multiple and partly overlapping processes are recruited to orchestrate a cell type specific mQC response that is adapted to the physiological state and level of stress encountered. Knowledge gained from basic model systems of mQC therefore need to be integrated within organ-specific (patho)physiological frameworks. Building on this notion, this article focuses on mQC in the heart, where developmental metabolic reprogramming, sustained contraction, and multiple pathophysiological conditions pose broadly different constraints. We provide an overview of current knowledge of mQC processes, and discuss their implication in cardiac mQC under normal and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio J J Cadete
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Brennan LA, McGreal-Estrada R, Logan CM, Cvekl A, Menko AS, Kantorow M. BNIP3L/NIX is required for elimination of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during eye lens organelle-free zone formation. Exp Eye Res 2018; 174:173-184. [PMID: 29879393 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation and life-long growth of the ocular lens depends on the continuous differentiation of lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells. To achieve their mature structure and transparent function, newly formed lens fiber cells undergo a series of cellular remodeling events including the complete elimination of cellular organelles to form the lens organelle-free zone (OFZ). To date, the mechanisms and requirements for organelle elimination by lens fiber cells remain to be fully elucidated. In previous studies, we detected the presence of mitochondria contained within autophagolysosomes throughout human and chick lenses suggesting that proteins targeting mitochondria for degradation by mitophagy could be required for the elimination of mitochondria during OFZ formation. Consistently, high-throughput RNA sequencing of microdissected embryonic chick lenses revealed that expression of a protein that targets mitochondria for elimination during erythrocyte formation, called BCL2 interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L/NIX), peaks in the region of lens where organelle elimination occurs. To examine the potential role for BNIP3L in the elimination of mitochondria during lens fiber cell remodeling, we analyzed the expression pattern of BNIP3L in newborn mouse lenses, the effect of its deletion on organelle elimination and its co-localization with lens organelles. We demonstrate that the expression pattern of BNIP3L in the mouse lens is consistent with it playing an important role in the elimination of mitochondria during lens fiber cell organelle elimination. Importantly, we demonstrate that deletion of BNIP3L results in retention of mitochondria during lens fiber cell remodeling, and, surprisingly, that deletion of BNIP3L also results in the retention of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus but not nuclei. Finally, we show that BNIP3L localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of wild-type newborn mouse lenses and is contained within mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus isolated from adult mouse liver. These data identify BNIP3L as a novel requirement for the elimination of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during lens fiber cell remodeling and they suggest a novel function for BNIP3L in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus populations in the lens and non-lens tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Brennan
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Rebecca McGreal-Estrada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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45
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Ivabradine improved left ventricular function and pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a transverse aortic constriction mouse model. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 450:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Liu GS, Gardner G, Adly G, Jiang M, Cai WF, Lam CK, Alogaili F, Robbins N, Rubinstein J, Kranias EG. A novel human S10F-Hsp20 mutation induces lethal peripartum cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3911-3919. [PMID: 29761889 PMCID: PMC6050507 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) has been shown to be a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte survival upon cardiac stress. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of a novel human Hsp20 mutation (S10F) in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Previous findings showed that cardiac-specific overexpression of this mutant were associated with reduced autophagy, left ventricular dysfunction and early death in male mice. However, this study indicates that females have normal function with no alterations in autophagy but died within a week after 1-4 pregnancies. Further examination of mutant females revealed left ventricular chamber dilation and hypertrophic remodelling. Echocardiography demonstrated increases in left ventricular end-systolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume, while ejection fraction and fractional shortening were depressed following pregnancy. Subsequent studies revealed that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was elevated in mutant female hearts after the third delivery, associated with decreases in the levels of Bcl-2/Bax and Akt phosphorylation. These results indicate that the human S10F mutant is associated with dysregulation of cell survival signalling, accelerated heart failure and early death post-partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Adly
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fawzi Alogaili
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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47
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Shi R, Guberman M, Kirshenbaum LA. Mitochondrial quality control: The role of mitophagy in aging. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 28:246-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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48
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Hewadikaram DK, Bandara M, Pattivedana AN, Jayaweera HHE, Jayananda KM, Madhavi WAM, Pallewatte A, Jayasumana C, Siribaddana S, Wansapura JP. A novel ultrasound technique to detect early chronic kidney disease. F1000Res 2018; 7:448. [PMID: 30906523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14221.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology is recognized as a major public health challenge and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the dry zone in Sri Lanka. CKD is asymptomatic and are diagnosed only in late stages. Evidence points to strong correlation between progression of CKD and kidney fibrosis. Several biochemical markers of renal fibrosis have been associated with progression of CKD. However, no marker is able to predict CKD consistently and accurately before being detected with traditional clinical tests (serum creatinine, and cystatin C, urine albumin or protein, and ultrasound scanning). In this paper, we hypothesize that fibrosis in the kidney, and therefore the severity of the disease, is reflected in the frequency spectrum of the scattered ultrasound from the kidney. We present a design of a simple ultrasound system, and a set of clinical and laboratory studies to identify spectral characteristics of the scattered ultrasound wave from the kidney that correlates with CKD. We believe that spectral parameters identified in these studies can be used to detect and stratify CKD at an earlier stage than what is possible with current markers of CKD.
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49
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Hewadikaram DK, Bandara M, Pattivedana AN, Jayaweera HHE, Jayananda KM, Madhavi WAM, Pallewatte A, Jayasumana C, Siribaddana S, Wansapura JP. A novel ultrasound technique to detect early chronic kidney disease. F1000Res 2018; 7:448. [PMID: 30906523 PMCID: PMC6415322 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14221.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology is recognized as a major public health challenge and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the dry zone in Sri Lanka. CKD is asymptomatic and are diagnosed only in late stages. Evidence points to strong correlation between progression of CKD and kidney fibrosis. Several biochemical markers of renal fibrosis have been associated with progression of CKD. However, no marker is able to predict CKD consistently and accurately before being detected with traditional clinical tests (serum creatinine, and cystatin C, urine albumin or protein, and ultrasound scanning). In this paper, we hypothesize that fibrosis in the kidney, and therefore the severity of the disease, is reflected in the frequency spectrum of the scattered ultrasound from the kidney. We present a design of a simple ultrasound system, and a set of clinical and laboratory studies to identify spectral characteristics of the scattered ultrasound wave from the kidney that correlates with CKD. We believe that spectral parameters identified in these studies can be used to detect and stratify CKD at an earlier stage than what is possible with current markers of CKD.
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50
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Mughal W, Martens M, Field J, Chapman D, Huang J, Rattan S, Hai Y, Cheung KG, Kereliuk S, West AR, Cole LK, Hatch GM, Diehl-Jones W, Keijzer R, Dolinsky VW, Dixon IM, Parmacek MS, Gordon JW. Myocardin regulates mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and prevents permeability transition. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1732-1748. [PMID: 29511336 PMCID: PMC6180099 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin is a transcriptional co-activator required for cardiovascular development, but also promotes cardiomyocyte survival through an unclear molecular mechanism. Mitochondrial permeability transition is implicated in necrosis, while pore closure is required for mitochondrial maturation during cardiac development. We show that loss of myocardin function leads to subendocardial necrosis at E9.5, concurrent with elevated expression of the death gene Nix. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that myocardin knockdown reduces microRNA-133a levels to allow Nix accumulation, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition, reduced mitochondrial respiration, and necrosis. Myocardin knockdown elicits calcium release from the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum with mitochondrial calcium accumulation, while restoration of microRNA-133a function, or knockdown of Nix rescues calcium perturbations. We observed reduced myocardin and elevated Nix expression within the infarct border-zone following coronary ligation. These findings identify a myocardin-regulated pathway that maintains calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function during development, and is attenuated during ischemic heart disease. Given the diverse role of Nix and microRNA-133a, these findings may have broader implications to metabolic disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajihah Mughal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald Chapman
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jianhe Huang
- Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Rattan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kyle G Cheung
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kereliuk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adrian R West
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William Diehl-Jones
- Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Edmonton, MB, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian M Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael S Parmacek
- Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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