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Rakshit P, Giri TK, Mukherjee K. Progresses and perspectives on natural polysaccharide based hydrogels for repair of infarcted myocardium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132213. [PMID: 38729464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is serious health threat and impairs the quality of life. It is a major causative factor of morbidity and mortality. MI leads to the necrosis of cardio-myocytes, cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, eventually leading to heart failure. The limitations of conventional therapeutic and surgical interventions and lack of heart donors have necessitated the evolution of alternate treatment approaches for MI. Polysaccharide hydrogel based repair of infarcted myocardium have surfaced as viable option for MI treatment. Polysaccharide hydrogels may be injectable hydrogels or cardiac patches. Injectable hydrogels can in situ deliver cells and bio-actives, facilitating in situ cardiac regeneration and repair. Polysaccharide hydrogel cardiac patches reduce cardiac wall stress, and inhibit ventricular expansion and promote angiogenesis. Herein, we discuss about MI pathophysiology and myocardial microenvironment and how polysaccharide hydrogels are designed to mimic and support the microenvironment for cardiac repair. We also put forward the versatility of the different polysaccharide hydrogels in mimicking diverse cardiac properties, and acting as a medium for delivery of cells, and therapeutics for promoting angiogenesis and cardiac repair. The objectives of this review is to summarize the factors leading to MI and to put forward how polysaccharide based hydrogels promote cardiac repair. This review is written to enable researchers understand the factors promoting MI so that they can undertake and design novel hydrogels for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Enhancement strategy for effective vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction through a dual stem cell approach. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1165-1178. [PMID: 35974098 PMCID: PMC9440102 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since an impaired coronary blood supply following myocardial infarction (MI) negatively affects heart function, therapeutic neovascularization is considered one of the major therapeutic strategies for cell-based cardiac repair. Here, to more effectively achieve therapeutic neovascularization in ischemic hearts, we developed a dual stem cell approach for effective vascular regeneration by utilizing two distinct types of stem cells, CD31+-endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) and engineered human mesenchymal stem cells that continuously secrete stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-eMSCs), to simultaneously promote natal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, two core mechanisms of neovascularization. To induce more comprehensive vascular regeneration, we intramyocardially injected hiPSC-ECs to produce de novo vessels, possibly via vasculogenesis, and a 3D cardiac patch encapsulating SDF-eMSCs (SDF-eMSC-PA) to enhance angiogenesis through prolonged secretion of paracrine factors, including SDF-1α, was implanted into the epicardium of ischemic hearts. We verified that hiPSC-ECs directly contribute to de novo vessel formation in ischemic hearts, resulting in enhanced cardiac function. In addition, the concomitant implantation of SDF1α-eMSC-PAs substantially improved the survival, retention, and vasculogenic potential of hiPSC-ECs, ultimately achieving more comprehensive neovascularization in the MI hearts. Of note, the newly formed vessels through the dual stem cell approach were significantly larger and more functional than those formed by hiPSC-ECs alone. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that our strategy for effective vascular regeneration can be an effective means to treat ischemic heart disease. A treatment involving two different types of stem cells leads to repairing failed hearts by making new functional blood vessels. Researchers at the City University of Hong Kong and the Catholic University of Korea induced heart attacks in rats before injecting the hearts with endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, specialized to form blood vessels. These cells successfully induced the formation of new blood vessels in the damaged hearts. The researchers combined this treatment with a cardiac patch containing engineered human adult stem cells, which improved the survival and performance of the endothelial cells. And this dual stem cell treatment resulted in enhanced cardiac function and a higher number of larger and stronger new blood vessels than those produced by the single-cell treatment suggesting an effective way to repair failed hearts.
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Xiao W, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wu W. Recombinant DTβ4-inspired porous 3D vascular graft enhanced antithrombogenicity and recruited circulating CD93 +/CD34 + cells for endothelialization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1958. [PMID: 35857526 PMCID: PMC9278867 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Matching material degradation with host remodeling, including endothelialization and muscular remodeling, is important to vascular regeneration. We fabricated 3D PGS-PCL vascular grafts, which presented tunable polymer components, porosity, mechanical strength, and degrading rate. Furthermore, highly porous structures enabled 3D patterning of conjugated heparin-binding peptide, dimeric thymosin β4 (DTβ4), which played key roles in antiplatelets, fibrinogenesis inhibition, and recruiting circulating progenitor cells, thereafter contributed to high patency rate, and unprecedentedly acquired carotid arterial regeneration in rabbit model. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and cell tracing studies, a subset of endothelial progenitor cells, myeloid-derived CD93+/CD34+ cells, was identified as the main contributor to final endothelium regeneration. To conclude, DTβ4-inspired porous 3DVGs present adjustable physical properties, superior anticoagulating, and re-endothelializing potentials, which leads to the regeneration of small-caliber artery, thus offering a promising tool for vessel replacement in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xiao
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinggang Wang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinchi Zhang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siqian Zhang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Panja N, Maji S, Choudhuri S, Ali KA, Hossain CM. 3D Bioprinting of Human Hollow Organs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:139. [PMID: 35536418 PMCID: PMC9088731 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving technique that has been found to have extensive applications in disease research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting might be a solution to global organ shortages and the growing aversion to testing cell patterning for novel tissue fabrication and building superior disease models. It has the unrivaled capability of layer-by-layer deposition using different types of biomaterials, stem cells, and biomolecules with a perfectly regulated spatial distribution. The tissue regeneration of hollow organs has always been a challenge for medical science because of the complexities of their cell structures. In this mini review, we will address the status of the science behind tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting of epithelialized tubular hollow organs. This review will also cover the current challenges and prospects, as well as the application of these complicated 3D-printed organs.
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Wang H, Wisneski A, Imbrie-Moore AM, Paulsen MJ, Wang Z, Xuan Y, Lopez Hernandez H, Hironaka CE, Lucian HJ, Shin HS, Anilkumar S, Thakore AD, Farry JM, Eskandari A, Williams KM, Grady F, Wu MA, Jung J, Stapleton LM, Steele AN, Zhu Y, Woo YJ. Natural cardiac regeneration conserves native biaxial left ventricular biomechanics after myocardial infarction in neonatal rats. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:105074. [PMID: 35030471 PMCID: PMC8899021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), adult mammals exhibit scar formation, adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling, LV stiffening, and impaired contractility, ultimately resulting in heart failure. Neonatal mammals, however, are capable of natural heart regeneration after MI. We hypothesized that neonatal cardiac regeneration conserves native biaxial LV mechanics after MI. Wistar rat neonates (1 day old, n = 46) and adults (8-10 weeks old, n = 20) underwent sham surgery or permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. At 6 weeks after neonatal MI, Masson's trichrome staining revealed negligible fibrosis. Echocardiography for the neonatal MI (n = 15) and sham rats (n = 14) revealed no differences in LV wall thickness or chamber diameter, and both groups had normal ejection fraction (72.7% vs 77.5%, respectively, p = 0.1946). Biaxial tensile testing revealed similar stress-strain curves along both the circumferential and longitudinal axes across a full range of physiologic stresses and strains. The circumferential modulus (267.9 kPa vs 274.2 kPa, p = 0.7847), longitudinal modulus (269.3 kPa vs 277.1 kPa, p = 0.7435), and maximum shear stress (3.30 kPa vs 3.95 kPa, p = 0.5418) did not differ significantly between the neonatal MI and sham groups, respectively. In contrast, transmural scars were observed at 4 weeks after adult MI. Adult MI hearts (n = 7) exhibited profound LV wall thinning (p < 0.0001), chamber dilation (p = 0.0246), and LV dysfunction (ejection fraction 45.4% vs 79.7%, p < 0.0001) compared to adult sham hearts (n = 7). Adult MI hearts were significantly stiffer than adult sham hearts in both the circumferential (321.5 kPa vs 180.0 kPa, p = 0.0111) and longitudinal axes (315.4 kPa vs 172.3 kPa, p = 0.0173), and also exhibited greater maximum shear stress (14.87 kPa vs 3.23 kPa, p = 0.0162). Our study is the first to show that native biaxial LV mechanics are conserved after neonatal heart regeneration following MI, thus adding biomechanical support for the therapeutic potential of cardiac regeneration in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wisneski
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annabel M Imbrie-Moore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Xuan
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Camille E Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haley J Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shreya Anilkumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshara D Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiah M Williams
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frederick Grady
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinsuh Jung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lyndsay M Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Shudo Y, MacArthur JW, Kunitomi Y, Joubert L, Kawamura M, Ono J, Thakore A, Jaatinen K, Eskandari A, Hironaka C, Shin HS, Woo YPJ. Three-Dimensional Multilayered Microstructure Using Needle Array Bioprinting System. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 26:350-357. [PMID: 32085692 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an essential component of developing effective regenerative therapies. In this study, we introduce a promising method to create scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineered multilayered microstructures from cultured cells using the "3D tissue fabrication system" (Regenova®; Cyfuse, Tokyo, Japan). This technique utilizes the adhesive nature of cells. When cells are cultured in nonadhesive wells, they tend to aggregate and form a spheroidal structure. The advantage of this approach is that cellular components can be mixed into one spheroid, thereby promoting the formation of extracellular matrices, such as collagen and elastin. This system enables one to create a predesigned 3D structure composed of cultured cells. We found that the advantages of this system to be (1) the length, size, and shape of the structure that were designable and highly reproducible because of the computer controlled robotics system, (2) the graftable structure could be created within a reasonable period (8 days), and (3) the constructed tissue did not contain any foreign material, which may avoid the potential issues of contamination, biotoxicity, and allergy. The utilization of this robotic system enabled the creation of a 3D multilayered microstructure made of cell-based spheres with a satisfactory mechanical properties and abundant extracellular matrix during a short period of time. These results suggest that this new technology will represent a promising, attractive, and practical strategy in the field of tissue engineering. Impact statement The utilization of the "three dimensional tissue fabrication system" enabled the creation of a three-dimensional (3D) multilayered microstructure made of cell-based spheres with a satisfactory mechanical properties and abundant extracellular matrix during a short period of time. These results suggest that this new technology will represent a promising, attractive, and practical strategy in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John W MacArthur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Lydia Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Masashi Kawamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jiro Ono
- Cyfuse Biomedical K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akshara Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Jaatinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Camille Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yi-Ping Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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7
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Conductive carbon nanofibers incorporated into collagen bio-scaffold assists myocardial injury repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1136-1146. [PMID: 32621929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, treatment of myocardial infarction considered as unmet clinical need. Nanomaterials have been used in the regeneration of tissues such as bone, dental and neural tissue in the body and have increased hope for revitalizing of damaged tissues. Conductive carbon base nanomaterials with its superior physicochemical properties have emerged as promising materials for cardiovascular application. In this study, we applied a biosynthetic collagen scaffold containing carbon nanofiber for regenerating of damaged heart tissue. The collagen-carbon nanofiber scaffold was fabricated and fully characterised. The scaffold was grafted on the affected area of myocardial ischemia, immediately after ligation of the left anterior descending artery in the wistar rat's model. After 4 weeks, histological analyses were performed for investigation of formation of immature cardio-myocytes, epicardial cells, and angiogenesis. Compared to untreated hearts, this scaffold significantly protects heart tissue against injury. This improvement is accompanied by a reduction in fibrosis and the increased formation of a blood vessel network and immature cardio-myocytes in the infarction heart. No toxicity detected with apoptotic and TUNEL assays. In conclusion, the mechanical support of the collagen scaffold with carbon nanofiber enhanced the regeneration of myocardial tissue.
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Wang H, Bennett-Kennett R, Paulsen MJ, Hironaka CE, Thakore AD, Farry JM, Eskandari A, Lucian HJ, Shin HS, Wu MA, Imbrie-Moore AM, Steele AN, Stapleton LM, Zhu Y, Dauskardt RH, Woo YJ. Multiaxial Lenticular Stress-Strain Relationship of Native Myocardium is Preserved by Infarct-Induced Natural Heart Regeneration in Neonatal Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7319. [PMID: 32355240 PMCID: PMC7193551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal mice exhibit natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) on postnatal day 1 (P1), but this ability is lost by postnatal day 7 (P7). Cardiac biomechanics intricately affect long-term heart function, but whether regenerated cardiac muscle is biomechanically similar to native myocardium remains unknown. We hypothesized that neonatal heart regeneration preserves native left ventricular (LV) biomechanical properties after MI. C57BL/6J mice underwent sham surgery or left anterior descending coronary artery ligation at age P1 or P7. Echocardiography performed 4 weeks post-MI showed that P1 MI and sham mice (n = 22, each) had similar LV wall thickness, diameter, and ejection fraction (59.6% vs 60.7%, p = 0.6514). Compared to P7 shams (n = 20), P7 MI mice (n = 20) had significant LV wall thinning, chamber enlargement, and depressed ejection fraction (32.6% vs 61.8%, p < 0.0001). Afterward, the LV was explanted and pressurized ex vivo, and the multiaxial lenticular stress-strain relationship was tracked. While LV tissue modulus for P1 MI and sham mice were similar (341.9 kPa vs 363.4 kPa, p = 0.6140), the modulus for P7 MI mice was significantly greater than that for P7 shams (691.6 kPa vs 429.2 kPa, p = 0.0194). We conclude that, in neonatal mice, regenerated LV muscle has similar biomechanical properties as native LV myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ross Bennett-Kennett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille E Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshara D Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haley J Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annabel M Imbrie-Moore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lyndsay M Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Cui J, Huang W, Wang J, Su F, Chen N, Gong Q. TERT assists GDF11 to rejuvenate senescent VEGFR2 +/CD133 + cells in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1661-1688. [PMID: 31292540 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β superfamily member with a controversial role in rejuvenating old stem cells after acute injury in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of senescent late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), defined as VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells, in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We compared the quantity and capabilities of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells from old (>60 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and young (<45 years) AMI patients. The decline in circulating count and survival of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells with age was accompanied by decrease in their TERT and GDF11 expression levels in patients with AMI. Further, upregulation of TERT could trigger GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells by renewing their survival and angiogenic abilities through activation of canonical (Smad2/3) and noncanonical (eNOS) signaling pathways. Depletion of GDF11 or TERT caused senescence of young VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells leading to impaired vascular function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas adTERT and rhGDF11 rescued this senescence. TERT cooperates with GDF11 to enhance regenerative capabilities of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells. When combined with TERT, GDF11 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of elderly patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Dahua Hospital, 901 Laohumin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qunlin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
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Noor N, Shapira A, Edri R, Gal I, Wertheim L, Dvir T. 3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900344. [PMID: 31179230 PMCID: PMC6548966 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Generation of thick vascularized tissues that fully match the patient still remains an unmet challenge in cardiac tissue engineering. Here, a simple approach to 3D-print thick, vascularized, and perfusable cardiac patches that completely match the immunological, cellular, biochemical, and anatomical properties of the patient is reported. To this end, a biopsy of an omental tissue is taken from patients. While the cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells, and differentiated to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix is processed into a personalized hydrogel. Following, the two cell types are separately combined with hydrogels to form bioinks for the parenchymal cardiac tissue and blood vessels. The ability to print functional vascularized patches according to the patient's anatomy is demonstrated. Blood vessel architecture is further improved by mathematical modeling of oxygen transfer. The structure and function of the patches are studied in vitro, and cardiac cell morphology is assessed after transplantation, revealing elongated cardiomyocytes with massive actinin striation. Finally, as a proof of concept, cellularized human hearts with a natural architecture are printed. These results demonstrate the potential of the approach for engineering personalized tissues and organs, or for drug screening in an appropriate anatomical structure and patient-specific biochemical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Noor
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Assaf Shapira
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Reuven Edri
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Idan Gal
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Lior Wertheim
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative BiotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
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11
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Wang H, Wisneski A, Paulsen MJ, Imbrie-Moore A, Wang Z, Xuan Y, Hernandez HL, Lucian HJ, Eskandari A, Thakore AD, Farry JM, Hironaka CE, von Bornstaedt D, Steele AN, Stapleton LM, Williams KM, Wu MA, MacArthur JW, Woo YJ. Bioengineered analog of stromal cell-derived factor 1α preserves the biaxial mechanical properties of native myocardium after infarction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:165-171. [PMID: 31035067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adverse remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) after myocardial infarction (MI) results in abnormal tissue biomechanics and impaired cardiac function, often leading to heart failure. We hypothesized that intramyocardial delivery of engineered stromal cell-derived factor 1α analog (ESA), our previously-developed supra-efficient pro-angiogenic chemokine, preserves biaxial LV mechanical properties after MI. Male Wistar rats (n = 45) underwent sham surgery (n = 15) or permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Rats sustaining MI were randomized for intramyocardial injections of either saline (100 μL, n = 15) or ESA (6 μg/kg, n = 15), delivered at four standardized borderzone sites. After 4 weeks, echocardiography was performed, and the hearts were explanted. Tensile testing of the anterolateral LV wall was performed using a displacement-controlled biaxial load frame, and modulus was determined after constitutive modeling. At 4 weeks post-MI, compared to saline controls, ESA-treated hearts had greater wall thickness (1.68 ± 0.05 mm vs 1.42 ± 0.08 mm, p = 0.008), smaller end-diastolic LV internal dimension (6.88 ± 0.29 mm vs 7.69 ± 0.22 mm, p = 0.044), and improved ejection fraction (62.8 ± 3.0% vs 49.4 ± 4.5%, p = 0.014). Histologic analysis revealed significantly reduced infarct size for ESA-treated hearts compared to saline controls (29.4 ± 2.9% vs 41.6 ± 3.1%, p = 0.021). Infarcted hearts treated with ESA exhibited decreased modulus compared to those treated with saline in both the circumferential (211.5 ± 6.9 kPa vs 264.3 ± 12.5 kPa, p = 0.001) and longitudinal axes (194.5 ± 6.5 kPa vs 258.1 ± 14.4 kPa, p < 0.001). In both principal directions, ESA-treated infarcted hearts possessed similar tissue compliance as sham non-infarcted hearts. Overall, intramyocardial ESA therapy improves post-MI ventricular remodeling and function, reduces infarct size, and preserves native LV biaxial mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wisneski
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annabel Imbrie-Moore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Xuan
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Haley J Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshara D Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille E Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lyndsay M Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiah M Williams
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W MacArthur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Trevisan C, Fallas MEA, Maghin E, Franzin C, Pavan P, Caccin P, Chiavegato A, Carraro E, Boso D, Boldrin F, Caicci F, Bertin E, Urbani L, Milan A, Biz C, Lazzari L, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M, Piccoli M. Generation of a Functioning and Self-Renewing Diaphragmatic Muscle Construct. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:858-869. [PMID: 30972959 PMCID: PMC6646700 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair of large muscular defects requires the use of autologous graft transfer or prosthetic material. Naturally derived matrices are biocompatible materials obtained by tissue decellularization and are commonly used in clinical practice. Despite promising applications described in the literature, the use of acellular matrices to repair large defects has been only partially successful, highlighting the need for more efficient constructs. Scaffold recellularization by means of tissue engineering may improve not only the structure of the matrix, but also its ability to functionally interact with the host. The development of such a complex construct is challenging, due to the complexity of the native organ architecture and the difficulties in recreating the cellular niche with both proliferative and differentiating potential during growth or after damage. In this study, we tested a mouse decellularized diaphragmatic extracellular matrix (ECM) previously described by our group, for the generation of a cellular skeletal muscle construct with functional features. The decellularized matrix was stored using different conditions to mimic the off‐the‐shelf clinical need. Pediatric human muscle precursors were seeded into the decellularized scaffold, demonstrating proliferation and differentiation capability, giving rise to a functioning three‐dimensional skeletal muscle structure. Furthermore, we exposed the engineered construct to cardiotoxin injury and demonstrated its ability to activate a regenerative response in vitro promoting cell self‐renewal and a positive ECM remodeling. Functional reconstruction of an engineered skeletal muscle with maintenance of a stem cell pool makes this a promising tool toward future clinical applications in diaphragmatic regeneration. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:858&869
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Enrique Alvrez Fallas
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Franzin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Pavan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Caccin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Chiavegato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute for Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenia Carraro
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Boso
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrica Bertin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Milan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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13
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Shen WC, Chou YH, Huang HP, Sheen JF, Hung SC, Chen HF. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells attenuate ischemic acute kidney injury and cardiac dysfunction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 30526689 PMCID: PMC6288873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. AKI is a serious and costly medical condition. Effective therapy for AKI is an unmet clinical need, and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between an injured kidney and distant organs remain unclear. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies should be developed. Methods We directed the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into endothelial progenitor cells (iEPCs), which were then applied for treating mouse AKI. The mouse model of AKI was induced by I/R injury. Results We discovered that intravenously infused iEPCs were recruited to the injured kidney, expressed the mature endothelial cell marker CD31, and replaced injured endothelial cells. Moreover, infused iEPCs produced abundant proangiogenic proteins, which entered into circulation. In AKI mice, blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels increased 2 days after I/R injury and reduced after the infusion of iEPCs. Tubular injury, cell apoptosis, and peritubular capillary rarefaction in injured kidneys were attenuated accordingly. In the AKI mice, iEPC therapy also ameliorated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by echocardiography. The therapy also ameliorated an increase in serum brain natriuretic peptide. Regarding the relevant mechanisms, indoxyl sulfate and interleukin-1β synergistically induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Systemic iEPC therapy downregulated the proapoptotic protein caspase-3 and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the hearts of the AKI mice, possibly through the reduction of indoxyl sulfate and interleukin-1β. Conclusions Therapy using human iPS cell-derived iEPCs provided a protective effect against ischemic AKI and remote cardiac dysfunction through the repair of endothelial cells and the attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1092-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Shen
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Feng Sheen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 105, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Gaffey AC, Chen MH, Trubelja A, Venkataraman CM, Chen CW, Chung JJ, Schultz S, Sehgal CM, Burdick JA, Atluri P. Delivery of progenitor cells with injectable shear-thinning hydrogel maintains geometry and normalizes strain to stabilize cardiac function after ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:1479-1490. [PMID: 30579534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ventricle undergoes adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction, resulting in abnormal biomechanics and decreased function. We hypothesize that tissue-engineered therapy could minimize postischemic remodeling through mechanical stress reduction and retention of tensile myocardial properties due to improved endothelial progenitor cell retention and intrinsic biomechanical properties of the hyaluronic acid shear-thinning gel. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were harvested from adult Wistar rats and resuspended in shear-thinning gel. The constructs were injected at the border zone of ischemic rat myocardium in an acute model of myocardial infarction. Myocardial remodeling, tensile properties, and hemodynamic function were analyzed: control (phosphate-buffered saline), endothelial progenitor cells, shear-thinning gel, and shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cells. Novel high-resolution, high-sensitivity ultrasound with speckle tracking allowed for global strain analysis. Uniaxial testing assessed tensile biomechanical properties. RESULTS Shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cell injection significantly increased engraftment and retention of the endothelial progenitor cells within the myocardium compared with endothelial progenitor cells alone. With the use of strain echocardiography, a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction was noted in the shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cell cohort compared with control (69.5% ± 10.8% vs 40.1% ± 4.6%, P = .04). A significant normalization of myocardial longitudinal displacement with subsequent stabilization of myocardial velocity with shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cell therapy compared with control was also evident (0.84 + 0.3 cm/s vs 0.11 ± 0.01 cm/s, P = .03). A significantly positive and higher myocardial strain was observed in shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cell (4.5% ± 0.45%) compared with shear-thinning gel (3.7% ± 0.24%), endothelial progenitor cell (3.5% ± 0.97%), and control (8.6% ± 0.3%, P = .05). A resultant reduction in dynamic stiffness was noted in the shear-thinning gel + endothelial progenitor cell cohort. CONCLUSIONS This novel injectable shear-thinning hyaluronic acid hydrogel demonstrates stabilization of border zone myocardium with reduction in adverse myocardial remodeling and preservation of myocardial biomechanics. The cellular construct provides a normalization of strain measurements and reduces left ventricular dilatation, thus resulting in improvement of left ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Minna H Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chantel M Venkataraman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Carol W Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jennifer J Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Susan Schultz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chandra M Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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15
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Shear stress: An essential driver of endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:46-69. [PMID: 29549046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood flow through vessels produces a tangential, or shear, stress sensed by their innermost layer (i.e., endothelium) and representing a major hemodynamic force. In humans, endothelial repair and blood vessel formation are mainly performed by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) characterized by a considerable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD34, and CD133, pronounced tube formation activity in vitro, and strong reendothelialization or neovascularization capacity in vivo. EPCs have been proposed as a promising agent to induce reendothelialization of injured arteries, neovascularization of ischemic tissues, and endothelialization or vascularization of bioartificial constructs. A number of preconditioning approaches have been suggested to improve the regenerative potential of EPCs, including the use of biophysical stimuli such as shear stress. However, in spite of well-defined influence of shear stress on mature endothelial cells (ECs), articles summarizing how it affects EPCs are lacking. Here we discuss the impact of shear stress on homing, paracrine effects, and differentiation of EPCs. Unidirectional laminar shear stress significantly promotes homing of circulating EPCs to endothelial injury sites, induces anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic phenotype of EPCs, increases their capability to form capillary-like tubes in vitro, and enhances differentiation of EPCs into mature ECs in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by VEGFR2, Tie2, Notch, and β1/3 integrin signaling and can be abrogated by means of complementary siRNA/shRNA or selective pharmacological inhibitors of the respective proteins. Although the testing of sheared EPCs for vascular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications is still an unaccomplished task, favorable effects of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EPCs suggest its usefulness for their preconditioning.
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16
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Patra C, Boccaccini A, Engel F. Vascularisation for cardiac tissue engineering: the extracellular matrix. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:532-47. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-05-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SummaryCardiovascular diseases present a major socio-economic burden. One major problem underlying most cardiovascular and congenital heart diseases is the irreversible loss of contractile heart muscle cells, the cardiomyocytes. To reverse damage incurred by myocardial infarction or by surgical correction of cardiac malformations, the loss of cardiac tissue with a thickness of a few millimetres needs to be compensated. A promising approach to this issue is cardiac tissue engineering. In this review we focus on the problem of in vitro vascularisation as implantation of cardiac patches consisting of more than three layers of cardiomyocytes (> 100 μm thick) already results in necrosis. We explain the need for vascularisation and elaborate on the importance to include non-myocytes in order to generate functional vascularised cardiac tissue. We discuss the potential of extracellular matrix molecules in promoting vascularisation and introduce nephronectin as an example of a new promising candidate. Finally, we discuss current biomaterial- based approaches including micropatterning, electrospinning, 3D micro-manufacturing technology and porogens. Collectively, the current literature supports the notion that cardiac tissue engineering is a realistic option for future treatment of paediatric and adult patients with cardiac disease.
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17
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Kawamura M, Paulsen MJ, Goldstone AB, Shudo Y, Wang H, Steele AN, Stapleton LM, Edwards BB, Eskandari A, Truong VN, Jaatinen KJ, Ingason AB, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Woo YJ. Tissue-engineered smooth muscle cell and endothelial progenitor cell bi-level cell sheets prevent progression of cardiac dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, and interstitial fibrosis in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:142. [PMID: 29096622 PMCID: PMC5668999 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for coronary artery disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and adversely impacts outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting. Current treatments focus on macro-revascularization and neglect the microvascular disease typical of diabetes mellitus-induced cardiomyopathy (DMCM). We hypothesized that engineered smooth muscle cell (SMC)-endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) bi-level cell sheets could improve ventricular dysfunction in DMCM. Methods Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EPCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Wistar rats, and MSCs were differentiated into SMCs by culturing on a fibronectin-coated dish. SMCs topped with EPCs were detached from a temperature-responsive culture dish to create an SMC-EPC bi-level cell sheet. A DMCM model was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. Four weeks after induction, rats were randomized into 3 groups: control (no DMCM induction), untreated DMCM, and treated DMCM (cell sheet transplant covering the anterior surface of the left ventricle). Results SMC-EPC cell sheet therapy preserved cardiac function and halted adverse ventricular remodeling, as demonstrated by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 8 weeks after DMCM induction. Myocardial contrast echocardiography demonstrated that myocardial perfusion and microvascular function were preserved in the treatment group compared with untreated animals. Histological analysis demonstrated decreased interstitial fibrosis and increased microvascular density in the SMC-EPC cell sheet-treated group. Conclusions Treatment of DMCM with tissue-engineered SMC-EPC bi-level cell sheets prevented cardiac dysfunction and microvascular disease associated with DMCM. This multi-lineage cellular therapy is a novel, translatable approach to improve microvascular disease and prevent heart failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lyndsay M Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bryan B Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vi N Truong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kevin J Jaatinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arnar B Ingason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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18
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Shudo Y, Goldstone AB, Cohen JE, Patel JB, Hopkins MS, Steele AN, Edwards BB, Kawamura M, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Woo YJ. Layered smooth muscle cell-endothelial progenitor cell sheets derived from the bone marrow augment postinfarction ventricular function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:955-963. [PMID: 28651946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be limited by the absence of their natural biologic foundation, namely smooth muscle pericytes. We hypothesized that joint delivery of EPCs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a novel, totally bone marrow-derived cell sheet will mimic the native architecture of a mature blood vessel and act as an angiogenic construct to limit post infarction ventricular remodeling. METHODS Primary EPCs and mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow of Wistar rats. Mesenchymal stem cells were transdifferentiated into SMCs by culture on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. Confluent SMCs topped with confluent EPCs were detached from an Upcell dish to create a SMC-EPC bi-level cell sheet. A rodent model of ischemic cardiomyopathy was then created by ligating the left anterior descending artery. Rats were randomized into 3 groups: cell sheet transplantation (n = 9), no treatment (n = 12), or sham surgery control (n = 7). RESULTS Four weeks postinfarction, mature vessel density tended to increase in cell sheet-treated animals compared with controls. Cell sheet therapy significantly attenuated the extent of cardiac fibrosis compared with that of the untreated group (untreated vs cell sheet, 198 degrees [interquartile range (IQR), 151-246 degrees] vs 103 degrees [IQR, 92-113 degrees], P = .04). Furthermore, EPC-SMC cell sheet transplantation attenuated myocardial dysfunction, as evidenced by an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (untreated vs cell sheet vs sham, 33.5% [IQR, 27.8%-35.7%] vs 45.9% [IQR, 43.6%-48.4%] vs 59.3% [IQR, 58.8%-63.5%], P = .001) and decreases in left ventricular dimensions. CONCLUSIONS The bone marrow-derived, spatially arranged SMC-EPC bi-level cell sheet is a novel, multilineage cellular therapy obtained from a translationally practical source. Interactions between SMCs and EPCs augment mature neovascularization, limit adverse remodeling, and improve ventricular function after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jay B Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael S Hopkins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Bryan B Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Masashi Kawamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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Shudo Y, Cohen JE, Goldstone AB, MacArthur JW, Patel J, Edwards BB, Hopkins MS, Steele AN, Joubert LM, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Woo YJ. Isolation and trans-differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells into smooth muscle cells: Utility and applicability for cell-sheet engineering. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:510-7. [PMID: 26971679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown potential to differentiate into various cell types, including smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents an appealing and readily available source of SMCs for use in tissue engineering. In this study, we hypothesized that the ECM could be used to induce MSC differentiation to SMCs for engineered cell-sheet construction. METHODS Primary MSCs were isolated from the BM of Wistar rats, transferred and cultured on dishes coated with 3 different types of ECM: collagen type IV (Col IV), fibronectin (FN), and laminin (LM). Primary MSCs were also included as a control. The proportions of SMC (a smooth muscle actin [aSMA] and SM22a) and MSC markers were examined with flow cytometry and Western blotting, and cell proliferation rates were also quantified. RESULTS Both FN and LM groups were able to induce differentiation of MSCs toward smooth muscle-like cell types, as evidenced by an increase in the proportion of SMC markers (aSMA; Col IV 42.3 ± 6.9%, FN 65.1 ± 6.5%, LM 59.3 ± 7.0%, Control 39.9 ± 3.1%; P = 0.02, SM22; Col IV 56.0 ± 7.7%, FN 74.2 ± 6.7%, LM 60.4 ± 8.7%, Control 44.9 ± 3.6%) and a decrease in that of MSC markers (CD105: Col IV 64.0 ± 5.2%, FN 57.6 ± 4.0%, LM 60.3 ± 7.0%, Control 85.3 ± 4.2%; P = 0.03). The LM group showed a decrease in overall cell proliferation, whereas FN and Col IV groups remained similar to control MSCs (Col IV, 9.0 ± 2.3%; FN, 9.8 ± 2.5%; LM, 4.3 ± 1.3%; Control, 9.8 ± 2.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ECM selection can guide differentiation of MSCs into the SMC lineage. Fibronectin preserved cellular proliferative capacity while yielding the highest proportion of differentiated SMCs, suggesting that FN-coated materials may be facilitate smooth muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W MacArthur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan B Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Hopkins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Menasché P. The future of stem cells: Should we keep the "stem" and skip the "cells"? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:345-9. [PMID: 27021156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the cardioprotective effects of stem cells are predominantly mediated by the release of a blend of factors, possibly clustered into extracellular vesicles, which harness endogenous repair pathways. The clinical translation of this concept requires the identification of the cell-secreted signaling biomolecules and an appropriate transfer method. The study by Wei and colleagues has addressed these 2 requirements by showing that the epicardial delivery of a collagen patch loaded with the cardiokine follistatin-like 1 improved left ventricular function in animal models of myocardial infarction. Beyond the choice of the factor and its vehicle, these data may open a new therapeutic path whereby the functionalization of biomaterials by bioactive compounds could successfully substitute for the current cell transplantation-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; and INSERM U 970, Paris, France.
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Park JS, Yang HN, Yi SW, Kim JH, Park KH. Neoangiogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells transfected with peptide-loaded and gene-coated PLGA nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 76:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gaffey AC, Chen MH, Venkataraman CM, Trubelja A, Rodell CB, Dinh PV, Hung G, MacArthur JW, Soopan RV, Burdick JA, Atluri P. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels used to deliver endothelial progenitor cells, enhance cell engraftment, and improve ischemic myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1268-76. [PMID: 26293548 PMCID: PMC4637242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease has been limited because of low cell retention (<1%) within, and poor targeting to, ischemic myocardium. To address these issues, we developed an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) shear-thinning hydrogel (STG) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) construct (STG-EPC). The STG assembles as a result of interactions of adamantine- and β-cyclodextrin-modified HA. It is shear-thinning to permit delivery via a syringe, and self-heals upon injection within the ischemic myocardium. This directed therapy to the ischemic myocardial border zone enables direct cell delivery to address adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction. We hypothesize that this system will enhance vasculogenesis to improve myocardial stabilization in the context of a clinically translatable therapy. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells (DiLDL(+) VEGFR2(+) CD34(+)) were harvested from adult male rats, cultured, and suspended in the STG. In vitro viability was quantified using a live-dead stain of EPCs. The STG-EPC constructs were injected at the border zone of ischemic rat myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). The migration of the enhanced green fluorescent proteins from the construct to ischemic myocardium was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Vasculogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and hemodynamic function were analyzed in 4 groups: control (phosphate buffered saline injection); intramyocardial injection of EPCs alone; injection of the STG alone; and treatment with the STG-EPC construct. Hemodynamics and ventricular geometry were quantified using echocardiography and Doppler flow analysis. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated viability within the STG. A marked increase in EPC engraftment was observed 1-week postinjection within the treated myocardium with gel delivery, compared with EPC injection alone (17.2 ± 0.8 cells per high power field (HPF) vs 3.5 cells ± 1.3 cells per HPF, P = .0002). A statistically significant increase in vasculogenesis was noted with the STG-EPC construct (15.3 ± 5.8 vessels per HPF), compared with the control (P < .0001), EPC (P < .0001), and STG (P < .0001) groups. Statistically significant improvements in ventricular function, scar fraction, and geometry were noted after STG-EPC treatment compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS A novel injectable shear-thinning HA hydrogel seeded with EPCs enhanced cell retention and vasculogenesis after delivery to ischemic myocardium. This therapy limited adverse myocardial remodeling while preserving contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Minna H Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chantel M Venkataraman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Patrick V Dinh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Renganaden V Soopan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Piccoli M, Urbani L, Alvarez-Fallas ME, Franzin C, Dedja A, Bertin E, Zuccolotto G, Rosato A, Pavan P, Elvassore N, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M. Improvement of diaphragmatic performance through orthotopic application of decellularized extracellular matrix patch. Biomaterials 2015; 74:245-55. [PMID: 26461117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tissue engineering can provide support to large congenital skeletal muscle defects using scaffolds able to allow cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold can generate a positive inflammatory response through the activation of anti-inflammatory T-cell populations and M2 polarized macrophages that together lead to a local pro-regenerative environment. This immunoregulatory effect is maintained when acellular matrices are transplanted in a xenogeneic setting, but it remains unclear whether it can be therapeutic in a model of muscle diseases. We demonstrated here for the first time that orthotopic transplantation of a decellularized diaphragmatic muscle from wild animals promoted tissue functional recovery in an established atrophic mouse model. In particular, ECM supported a local immunoresponse activating a pro-regenerative environment and stimulating host muscle progenitor cell activation and migration. These results indicate that acellular scaffolds may represent a suitable regenerative medicine option for improving performance of diseased muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piccoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
| | - L Urbani
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M E Alvarez-Fallas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - C Franzin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - A Dedja
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Bertin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - G Zuccolotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - N Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - P De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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Shudo Y, Cohen JE, MacArthur JW, Goldstone AB, Otsuru S, Trubelja A, Patel J, Edwards BB, Hung G, Fairman AS, Brusalis C, Hiesinger W, Atluri P, Hiraoka A, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Woo YJ. A Tissue-Engineered Chondrocyte Cell Sheet Induces Extracellular Matrix Modification to Enhance Ventricular Biomechanics and Attenuate Myocardial Stiffness in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2515-25. [PMID: 26154752 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There exists a substantial body of work describing cardiac support devices to mechanically support the left ventricle (LV); however, these devices lack biological effects. To remedy this, we implemented a cell sheet engineering approach utilizing chondrocytes, which in their natural environment produce a relatively elastic extracellular matrix (ECM) for a cushioning effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that a chondrocyte cell sheet applied to infarcted and borderzone myocardium will biologically enhance the ventricular ECM and increase elasticity to augment cardiac function in a model of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Primary articular cartilage chondrocytes of Wistar rats were isolated and cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes to generate cell sheets. A rodent ICM model was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were divided into two groups: cell sheet transplantation (1.0 × 10(7) cells/dish) and no treatment. The cell sheet was placed onto the surface of the heart covering the infarct and borderzone areas. At 4 weeks following treatment, the decreased fibrotic extension and increased elastic microfiber networks in the infarct and borderzone areas correlated with this technology's potential to stimulate ECM formation. The enhanced ventricular elasticity was further confirmed by the axial stretch test, which revealed that the cell sheet tended to attenuate tensile modulus, a parameter of stiffness. This translated to increased wall thickness in the infarct area, decreased LV volume, wall stress, mass, and improvement of LV function. Thus, the chondrocyte cell sheet strengthens the ventricular biomechanical properties by inducing the formation of elastic microfiber networks in ICM, resulting in attenuated myocardial stiffness and improved myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shudo
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- 4 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W MacArthur
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- 3 Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute , Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alen Trubelja
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay Patel
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Bryan B Edwards
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - George Hung
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander S Fairman
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Brusalis
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William Hiesinger
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pavan Atluri
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arudo Hiraoka
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- 4 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- 4 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Atluri P, Miller JS, Emery RJ, Hung G, Trubelja A, Cohen JE, Lloyd K, Han J, Gaffey AC, MacArthur JW, Chen CS, Woo YJ. Tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell therapy robustly revascularizes ischemic myocardium and preserves ventricular function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1090-7; discussion 1097-8. [PMID: 25129603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic heart failure has had limited clinical impact, likely related to low cell retention (<1%) and dispersion. We developed a novel, tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based cell-delivery strategy to overcome these limitations and provide prolonged regional retention of myocardial endothelial progenitor cells at high cell dosage. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from Wistar rats and encapsulated in fibrin gels. In vitro viability was quantified using a fluorescent live-dead stain of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cell-laden constructs were implanted onto ischemic rat myocardium in a model of acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending ligation) for 4 weeks. Intramyocardial cell injection (2 × 10(6) endothelial progenitor cells), empty fibrin, and isolated left anterior descending ligation groups served as controls. Hemodynamics were quantified using echocardiography, Doppler flow analysis, and intraventricular pressure-volume analysis. Vasculogenesis and ventricular geometry were quantified. Endothelial progenitor cell migration was analyzed by using endothelial progenitor cells from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) rodents. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated an overall 88.7% viability for all matrix and cell conditions investigated after 48 hours. Histologic assessment of 1-week implants demonstrated significant migration of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells from the fibrin matrix to the infarcted myocardium compared with intramyocardial cell injection (28 ± 12.3 cells/high power field vs 2.4 ± 2.1 cells/high power field, P = .0001). We also observed a marked increase in vasculogenesis at the implant site. Significant improvements in ventricular hemodynamics and geometry were present after endothelial progenitor cell-hydrogel therapy compared with control. CONCLUSIONS We present a tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell-mediated therapy to enhance cell delivery, cell retention, vasculogenesis, and preservation of myocardial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Robert J Emery
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kelsey Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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Differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells into endothelial cells by heparin-modified supramolecular pluronic nanogels encapsulating bFGF and complexed with VEGF165 genes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4716-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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