1
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You H, Shin U, Kwon DH, Hwang J, Lee GY, Han SN. The effects of in vitro vitamin D treatment on glycolytic reprogramming of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Ldlr knock-out mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167436. [PMID: 39067537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) undergo glycolytic reprogramming, a metabolic conversion process essential for their activation. Vitamin D has been reported to affect the function of DCs, but studies in metabolic diseases are insufficient. This study investigates the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment on glycolytic reprogramming of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from control, obese, and atherosclerosis mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (CON) or a Western diet (WD), and B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J mice were fed a Western diet (LDLR-/-) for 16 weeks. BMDCs were cultured in a medium containing 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 nM) for 7 days and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/mL) for 24 h. In mature BMDCs, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased basal and compensatory glycolytic proton efflux rates (glycoPER), the expression of surface markers related to immune function of DCs (MHC class II, CD80, and CD86), and IL-12p70 production. In addition, mTORC1 activation and nitric oxide (NO) production were suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in mature BMDCs. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on IL-12p70 production and mTORC1 activity in the LDLR-/- group was greater than in the CON group. These findings suggest that vitamin D can affect the metabolic environment of BMDCs by regulating glycolytic reprogramming as well as by inducing tolerogenic phenotypes of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ungue Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hoon Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kimura T, Rahmani R, Miyamoto T, Kamio Y, Kudo D, Sato H, Ikedo T, Baranoski JF, Uchikawa H, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Vitamin D deficiency promotes intracranial aneurysm rupture. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1174-1183. [PMID: 38241458 PMCID: PMC11179614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241226750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes severe disability and high mortality. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between decreased vitamin D levels and an increase in aneurysm rupture. However, the causality and mechanism remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested whether vitamin D deficiency promotes aneurysm rupture and examined the underlying mechanism for the protective role of vitamin D against the development of aneurysm rupture utilizing a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm. Mice consuming a vitamin D-deficient diet had a higher rupture rate than mice with a regular diet. Vitamin D deficiency increased proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries. Concurrently, vitamin D receptor knockout mice had a higher rupture rate than the corresponding wild-type littermates. The vitamin D receptors on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, mediated the effect of aneurysm rupture. Our results establish that vitamin D protects against the development of aneurysmal rupture through the vitamin D receptors on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Vitamin D supplementation may be a viable pharmacologic therapy for preventing aneurysm rupture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
- Intracranial Aneurysm/etiology
- Mice
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/deficiency
- Vitamin D/therapeutic use
- Vitamin D/blood
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kimura
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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3
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Kerns S, Owen KA, Schwalbe D, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Examination of the shared genetic architecture between multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus facilitates discovery of novel lupus risk loci. Hum Genet 2024; 143:703-719. [PMID: 38609570 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous manifestations, including neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Genetic association studies in SLE have been hampered by insufficient sample size and limited power compared to many other diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that also manifests neurological and immunological features. Here, we identify a method of leveraging large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) in MS to identify novel genetic risk loci in SLE. Statistical genetic comparison methods including linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and cross-phenotype association analysis (CPASSOC) to identify genetic overlap in disease pathophysiology, traditional 2-sample and novel PPI-based mendelian randomization to identify causal associations and Bayesian colocalization were applied to association studies conducted in MS to facilitate discovery in the smaller, more limited datasets available for SLE. Pathway analysis using SNP-to-gene mapping identified biological networks composed of molecular pathways with causal implications for CNS disease in SLE specifically, as well as pathways likely causal of both pathologies, providing key insights for therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kerns
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
| | - Katherine A Owen
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Dana Schwalbe
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
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4
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Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Zhou XNO, Zandonà L, Chicco A, Stenner E, Beltrami AP, D'Errico S, Sinagra G, Marketou M, Fluca AL, Zwas DR. Persistence of vitamin D deficiency among Italian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1283-1294. [PMID: 38494368 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D deficiency is a common cardiovascular risk factor associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated changes in 25(OH)D concentrations in 1510 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over a long observation period, including the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were separated into four groups according to the year of enrolment, group 1 (2009-2010), group 2 (2014-2016), group 3 (2017-2019), and group 4 (2020-2022). The median 25(OH)D concentration in the overall cohort was 17.15 (10.3-24.7) ng/mL. The median plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 14.45 (7.73-22.58) ng/mL, 17.3 ng/mL (10.33-24.2), 18.95 (11.6-26.73) ng/mL and 19.05 (12.5-27.3) ng/mL, respectively. Although 25(OH)D levels increased over the years, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remained high in each group (68.4%, 61.4%, 53.8%, and 52% respectively). Hypovitaminosis D was predicted by the season influence (OR:2.03, p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (OR:1.25; p = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR:1.54; p = 0.001), smoking (OR:1.47; p = 0.001), older age (OR:1.07; p = 0.008), higher triglycerides levels (OR:1.02; p = 0.01), and female gender (OR:1.3; p = 0.038). After multivariable adjustment, vitamin D ≤ 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and persistent in patients with AMI despite a trend towards increasing 25(OH)D concentrations over the years. The frequent lockdowns did not reduce the levels of 25(OH)D in the fourth group. Low levels of 25(OH)D are an independent predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Xin Ning Oriana Zhou
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zandonà
- SC Laboratorio Unico, Ospedale Maggiore, ASUGI, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicco
- SC Laboratorio Unico, Ospedale Maggiore, ASUGI, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Stenner
- Department of Diagnostics, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, 57100 Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department Crete, Greece
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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5
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Pan D, Qiao H, Wang H, Wu S, Wang J, Wang C, Guo J, Gu Y. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in hypertensive patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1274-1282. [PMID: 38494369 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with all-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS This cohort study included US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. All-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality outcomes were determined by association with National Death Index records. Cox proportional risk models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The cohort included 10,325 adult participants. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 65.87 nmol/L, and 32.2% of patients were vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L). During a mean follow-up of 77 months, 1290 deaths were recorded, including 345 cardiovascular deaths and 237 cancer deaths. Patients with higher serum 25(OH)D were more likely to have lower all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality than those with serum 25(OH)D < 25.00 nmol/L. For cancer mortality in hypertensive patients, vitamin D may not have a predictive role in this. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that higher 25(OH)D levels are significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D status may reduce the risk of death in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikang Pan
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huan Qiao
- The People's Hospital of Pingyi County, Linyi, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sensen Wu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Desai SR, Ko YA, Liu C, Hafeez Z, Park J, Faaborg-Andersen C, Alvi Z, Alras Z, Alkhoder AA, Martini A, Varughese A, Ejaz K, Cheung B, Wang M, Gold DA, Gold ME, Jain V, Vatsa N, Islam SJ, Almuwaqqat Z, Dhindsa DS, Mehta A, Kim JH, Wilson P, Waller EK, Vaccarino V, Quyyumi AA. Vitamin D Deficiency, Inflammation, and Diminished Endogenous Regenerative Capacity in Coronary Heart Disease. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100804. [PMID: 38939377 PMCID: PMC11198268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and poor outcomes, but supplementation does not improve prognosis. VDD has been implicated in and may promote greater risk through inflammation and impaired progenitor cell function. Objectives The authors examined VDD, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), circulating progenitor cell (CPC) counts, and outcomes in patients with CHD. They hypothesized that the higher risk with VDD is mediated by inflammation and impaired regenerative capacity. Methods A total of 5,452 individuals with CHD in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank had measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, subsets of whom had hsCRP measurements and CPCs estimated as CD34-expressing mononuclear cell counts. Findings were validated in an independent cohort. 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL was considered VDD. Cox and Fine-Gray models determined associations between marker levels and: 1) all-cause mortality; 2) cardiovascular mortality; and 3) major adverse cardiovascular events, a composite of adverse CHD outcomes. Results VDD (43.6% of individuals) was associated with higher adjusted cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09-2.28). There were significant interactions between VDD and hsCRP and CPC counts in predicting cardiovascular mortality. Individuals with both VDD and elevated hsCRP had the greatest risk (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 2.16-3.67). Only individuals with both VDD and low CPC counts were at high risk (HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.46-3.46). These findings were reproduced in the validation cohort. Conclusions VDD predicts adverse outcomes in CHD. Those with VDD, inflammation and/or diminished regenerative capacity are at a significantly greater risk of cardiovascular mortality. Whether targeted supplementation in these high-risk groups improves risk warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang R. Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zaki Hafeez
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Christian Faaborg-Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zain Alvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zahran Alras
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ayman A. Alkhoder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Afif Martini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anil Varughese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kiran Ejaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian Cheung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maggie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel A. Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew E. Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nishant Vatsa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shabatun J. Islam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zakaria Almuwaqqat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devinder S. Dhindsa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- VCU Health Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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7
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Chen Y, Liu X, Yuan J, Dong S, Nie M, Jiang W, Wu D, Liu M, Liu T, Wu C, Gao C, Zhang J, Jiang R. Vitamin D accelerates the subdural hematoma clearance through improving the meningeal lymphatic vessel function. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04918-6. [PMID: 38294731 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Subdural hematoma (SDH) drains into the extracranial lymphatic system through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) but the formation of SDH impairs mLVs. Because vitamin D (Vit D) can protect the endothelial cells, we hypothesized that Vit D may enhance the SDH clearance. SDH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with Vit D or vehicle. Hematoma volume in each group was measured by H&E staining and hemoglobin quantification. Evans blue (EB) quantification and red blood cells injection were used to evaluated the drainage of mLVs. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were conducted to assess the expression of lymphatic protein markers. We also examined the inflammatory factors levels in subdural space by ELISA. Vit D treatment significantly reduced SDH volume and improved the drainage of SDH to cervical lymph nodes. The structure of mLVs in SDH rats were protected by Vit D, and the expressions of LYVE1, PROX1, FOXC2, and VE-cadherin were increased after Vit D treatment. The TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were reduced in Vit D group. In vitro, Vit D also increased the VE-cadherin expression levels under inflammation. Vit D protects the structure of mLVs and enhances the absorption of SDH, partly by the anti-inflammatory effect of Vit D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiangyuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shiying Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Helping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Upadhyay PK, Thakur N, Vishwakarma VK, Srivastav RK, Ansari TM. Role of Vitamin D in Management of Diabetes and Unresolved Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010923220647. [PMID: 37680158 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230901151019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases. RESULT It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritesh Kumar Srivastav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, Sultanpur 228119, India
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Haider F, Ghafoor H, Hassan OF, Farooqui K, Bel Khair AOM, Shoaib F. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Cureus 2023; 15:e49734. [PMID: 38161941 PMCID: PMC10757591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a vital nutrient that plays a significant part in several physiological processes within the human body, including calcium metabolism, bone health, immune function, and cell growth and differentiation. It is obtained mainly through exposure to sunlight but can be acquired from certain foods and supplements as well. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) could be the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart disease and stroke. In blood vitamin D low levels have been linked with an enhanced risk of developing CVDs. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D levels are the leading cause or consequence of these conditions. While some studies highlight that taking vitamin D supplements could decrease the risk of CVD; however, more research is required to better understand the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the association between vitamin D and CVDs and anesthesia considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrookh Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine/Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Hashsaam Ghafoor
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Omar F Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | - Khalid Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | | | - Faryal Shoaib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospitals, Islamabad, PAK
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Liu CY, Li BY, Liang Y, Xu J, Zhuo LB, Wang JT, Hu W, Sun TY, Xu F, Gou W, Zheng JS, Chen YM. The Association between Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Mediated by Gut Microbiota and Fecal and Serum Metabolites in Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300017. [PMID: 37377073 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitamin D is vital to cardiovascular health. This study examines the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and identifies the potential mediating biomarkers of gut microbiota and metabolites in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS This 9-year prospective study includes 2975 subjects with plasma 25(OH)D at baseline and determined cIMT every 3 years. Higher circulating 25(OH)D is associated with decreased odds of higher (≥median) 9-year cIMT changes at the common carotid artery (hΔCCA-cIMT) (p-trend < 0.001). Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) of hΔCCA-cIMT for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of 25(OH)D is 0.87 (0.73-1.04) and 0.68 (0.57-0.82). Gut microbiome and metabolome analysis identify 18 biomarkers significantly associated with both 25(OH)D and hΔCCA-cIMT, including three microbial genera, seven fecal metabolites, eight serum metabolites, and pathway of synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Mediation/path analyses show the scores generated from the overlapped differential gut microbiota, fecal and serum metabolites, and serum acetoacetic acid alone could mediate the beneficial association between 25(OH)D and hΔCCA-cIMT by 10.8%, 23.1%, 59.2%, and 62.0% (all p < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings show a beneficial association between plasma 25(OH)D and the CCA-cIMT progression. The identified multi-omics biomarkers provide novel mechanistic insights for the epidemiological association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jinjian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lai-Bao Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia-Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ting-Yu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fengzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Wojtasińska A, Frąk W, Lisińska W, Sapeda N, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13434. [PMID: 37686238 PMCID: PMC10487483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most fatal diseases in the world. The associated thickening of the arterial wall and its background and consequences make it a very composite disease entity with many mechanisms that lead to its creation. It is an active process, and scientists from various branches are engaged in research, including molecular biologists, cardiologists, and immunologists. This review summarizes the available information on the pathophysiological implications of atherosclerosis, focusing on endothelium dysfunction, inflammatory factors, aging, and uric acid, vitamin D, and miRNA expression as recent evidence of interactions of the molecular and cellular elements. Analyzing new discoveries for the underlying causes of this condition assists the general research to improve understanding of the mechanism of pathophysiology and thus prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armanda Wojtasińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
| | - Weronika Frąk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
| | - Wiktoria Lisińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
| | - Natalia Sapeda
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (W.L.)
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12
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Kong SY, Jung E, Hwang SS, Ro YS, Shin SD, Cha KC, Hwang SO. Circulating Vitamin D Level and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e260. [PMID: 37605499 PMCID: PMC10442497 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to analyze the effect of circulating vitamin D level on the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. METHODS Prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between circulating vitamin D and risk of SCD and CVD mortality were systematically searched in the PubMed and Embase. Extracted data were analyzed using a random effects model and results were expressed in terms of hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to estimate the dose-response relationships. RESULTS Of the 1,321 records identified using the search strategy, a total of 19 cohort studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of HR (95% CI) for low vs. high circulating vitamin D level was 1.75 (1.49-2.06) with I² value of 30.4%. In subgroup analysis, strong effects of circulating vitamin D were observed in healthy general population (pooled HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.43-2.38) and the clinical endpoint of SCD (pooled HRs, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.48-4.83). The dose-response analysis at the reference level of < 50 nmol/L showed a significant negative association between circulating vitamin D and risk of SCD and CVD mortality. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies showed that lower circulating vitamin D level significantly increased the risk of SCD and CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kong
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eujene Jung
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chul Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon, Korea
| | - Sung Oh Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon, Korea
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Brecht P, Dring JC, Yanez F, Styczeń A, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. How Do Minerals, Vitamins, and Intestinal Microbiota Affect the Development and Progression of Heart Disease in Adult and Pediatric Patients? Nutrients 2023; 15:3264. [PMID: 37513682 PMCID: PMC10384570 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, far ahead of cancer. Epidemiological data emphasize the participation of many risk factors that increase the incidence of CVDs, including genetic factors, age, and sex, but also lifestyle, mainly nutritional irregularities and, connected with them, overweight and obesity, as well as metabolic diseases. Despite the importance of cardiovascular problems in the whole society, the principles of prevention of CVDs are not widely disseminated, especially among the youngest. As a result, nutritional neglect, growing from childhood and adolescence, translates into the occurrence of numerous disease entities, including CVDs, in adult life. This review aimed to draw attention to the role of selected minerals and vitamins in health and the development and progression of CVDs in adults and children. Particular attention was paid to the effects of deficiency and toxicity of the analyzed compounds in the context of the cardiovascular system and to the role of intestinal microorganisms, which by interacting with nutrients, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this article will draw the attention of society and the medical community to emphasize promoting healthy eating and proper eating habits in children and adults, translating into increased awareness and a reduced risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peet Brecht
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - James Curtis Dring
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Felipe Yanez
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Styczeń
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Orsatti CL, Orsatti FL, de Souza JPEA, Nahas EAP. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on modulating heat-shock proteins in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 2023; 30:758-765. [PMID: 37220771 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on serum heat-shock proteins (HSP) in postmenopausal women (PW). METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 PW aged 45 to 65 years with amenorrhea 12 months or more were randomized into two groups: 80 PW in VitD group (oral supplementation with 1,000 IU VitD 3 /d) or 80 PW in placebo group. The PW were assessed at baseline and after 10 months of intervention. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyVitD (25[OH]D) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. HSP27/pS78/pS82, HSP27/total, HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels were assessed in serum using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. RESULTS HSP27 (pS78/pS82 [ P < 0.035] and total [ P < 0.001]) levels increased in the supplemented group when compared with the control group. There was no effect of VitD supplementation on HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation increases serum HSP27 level in PW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNEr), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Li R, Li Y, Fan Z, Liu Z, Lin J, He M. L-shaped association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older people with chronic kidney disease: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1260. [PMID: 37380964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. METHODS We identified 3230 CKD participants aged ≥ 60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Mortality outcomes were determined by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019. Restricted cubic spline based on Cox regression models were utilized to elucidate the nonlinear relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mortality in patients with CKD. RESULTS During median 74 months of follow-up, 1615 all-cause death and 580 CVD death were recorded. We found an L-shaped association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and all-cause and CVD mortality, reaching a plateau at 90 nmol/L. Accordingly, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with a 32% and 33% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95%CI, 0.56 to 0.83) and CV mortality (HR 0.69; 95%CI, 0.49 to 0.97) in participants with serum 25(OH)D < 90 nmol/L, but no considerable difference was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 90 nmol/L. Compared with those in the deficiency group (< 50 nmol/L), insufficient (50 to < 75 nmol/L) and sufficient group (≥ 75 nmol/L) were significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR,0.83; 95%CI, 0.71 to 0.97 and HR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.64 to 0.89) and CV mortality (HR,0.87; 95%CI, 0.68 to 1.10 and HR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.59 to < 1.0), respectively. CONCLUSION An L-shaped relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels with all-cause and CVD mortality was observed in elderly CKD patients in the United States. A 25(OH)D concentration of 90 nmol/L may be the target to reduce the risk of premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 133 South Huimin Road, Shaoguan, 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongcheng Fan
- Department of Osteology, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Juhua Lin
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 133 South Huimin Road, Shaoguan, 512026, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Al-Oanzi ZH, Alenazy FO, Alhassan HH, Alruwaili Y, Alessa AI, Alfarm NB, Alanazi MO, Alghofaili SI. The Role of Vitamin D in Reducing the Risk of Metabolic Disturbances That Cause Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050209. [PMID: 37233176 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most common problems facing public health today is a lack of vitamin D, which plays a role in the physiological processes of chronic illness conditions. Vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disorders has primary effects on osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D acts as a "co-hormone" in the various tissues of the body, and it has been found that vitamin D receptors (VDR) are present on all cell types, suggesting that vitamin D has a wide range of effects on most cells. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in assessing its roles. Vitamin D insufficiency increases the risk of diabetes because it lowers insulin sensitivity, and also raises the risk of obesity and CVD because of its effect on the body's lipid profile, particularly in terms of the prevalence of dangerously high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Furthermore, vitamin D insufficiency is often related to CVD and connected risk factors, highlighting the need to know vitamin D's functions in relation to metabolic syndrome and related processes. Through looking at previous studies, this paper explains why vitamin D is important, how deficiency is related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome through different mechanisms, and how deficiency affects CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad H Al-Oanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz I Alessa
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf B Alfarm
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha O Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Alghofaili
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
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Park KY, Han K, Hwang HS, Park HK, Park K. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with all-cause mortality among Koreans: a nationwide cohort study. Nutr Res 2023; 113:49-58. [PMID: 37028268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asians, especially Koreans, is limited. We hypothesized that high concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general Korean population. This study included 27,846 adults participating in the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012, followed up through December 31, 2019. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. The weighted mean serum 25(OH)D of study participants was 17.77 ng/mL; 66.5% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 94.2% had insufficient vitamin D (<30 ng/mL). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 8.1-10.6 years), 1680 deaths were documented, including 362 CVD deaths and 570 cancer deaths. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.75) compared with serum 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/mL. Based on the quartile cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D concentration, the highest quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentration (≥21.8 ng/mL) was associated with the lowest all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.85; P trend < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85; P trend = .006). No association with cancer mortality outcome was found. In conclusion, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower all-cause mortality in the general Korean population. An additional association was found between higher quartile of serum 25(OH)D and lower CVD mortality.
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18
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Agbalalah T, Mushtaq S. Effect of vitamin D 3 supplementation on cardiometabolic disease risk among overweight/obese adult males in the UK: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:216-225. [PMID: 35451536 PMCID: PMC10084017 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest links between reduced serum 25(OH)D concentration and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. However, these studies provide limited evidence of causation, with few conclusive randomised controlled trials (RCT) having been carried out to date. This RCT investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular function and cardiometabolic disease risk markers, in 55 healthy males aged 18-65 years with plasma 25(OH)D concentration <75 mol L-1 and body mass index ≥24.9 kg m-2 . METHODS Participants were assigned to consume 125 µg day-1 (5000 IU day-1 ) vitamin D3 or placebo for 8 weeks. Blood samples and vascular function measures were obtained at baseline, as well as at weeks 4 and 8. The primary outcome was arterial stiffness, an indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, assessed by pulse wave velocity. Biomarkers of CVD risk, insulin resistance and endothelial function were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Daily oral intake of 125 µg supplemental vitamin D3 led to a significant improvement in plasma 25(OH)D concentrations over the 8-week intervention in the vitamin D group compared to the change in the placebo group (p ˂ 0.001). In the vitamin D group, the baseline mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration was 38.4 ± 15.9 and this increased to 72.8 ± 16.1 nmol L-1 after 8 weeks of supplementation. The intervention had no effect on arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity, although vitamin D3 supplementation did lead to a decrease in mean ± SD brachial pulse pressure from baseline to 8 weeks of -2.9 ± 3.4 mmHg (p = 0.027) in the vitamin D group compared to the same period in the placebo group. The intervention had no effect on the remaining cardiometabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, treatment significantly improved brachial pulse pressure but no other cardiometabolic disease risk markers. To follow on from this pilot RCT, future large-scale clinical trials over longer durations may offer further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarimoboere Agbalalah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Sohail Mushtaq
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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19
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Mizuno Y, Ishida T, Kugimiya F, Takai S, Nakayama Y, Yonemitsu K, Harada E. Deterioration of Phosphate Homeostasis Is a Trigger for Cardiac Afterload - Clinical Importance of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 for Accelerated Aging. Circ Rep 2023; 5:4-12. [PMID: 36643091 PMCID: PMC9815959 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-22-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After the discovery of the Klotho gene, phosphate came into focus as a pathogenetic aging agent. Phosphate homeostasis is controlled by phosphate-regulating hormones: fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), vitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone. This study investigated the relationship between the deterioration in phosphate homeostasis and arterial stiffness by measuring serum FGF23 concentrations. Methods and Results: The study subjects comprised 82 hospitalized patients (31 males, 51 females; mean [±SD] age 78.6±10.5 years). All patients underwent chest computed tomography, measurement of central blood pressure (BP), and blood chemistry tests. Arterial calcification and/or stiffness was evaluated using the Agatston calcification score (ACS) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV was significantly correlated with age (t=23.47, P<0.0001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; t=-4.40, P<0.0001), and ACS (t=4.36, P<0.0001). Serum FGF23 concentrations were significantly correlated with age (t=2.52, P=0.014), eGFR (t=-3.37, P<0.001), serum inorganic phosphorus concentrations (t=3.49, P<0.001), serum vitamin D3 concentrations (t=-4.57, P<0.001), ACS (t=2.30, P=0.025), augmentation pressure (t=2.48, P=0.015), central systolic BP (t=2.00, P=0.049), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations (t=3.48, P<0.001), and PWV (t=2.99, P=0.004). PWV was positively related to augmentation pressure (t=4.09, P<0.001), central systolic BP (t=3.13, P=0.002), and plasma BNP concentrations (t=3.54, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that the increase in serum FGF23 concentrations reflects deterioration of phosphate homeostasis and is an important predictor for arterial stiffness, which intensifies cardiac afterload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mizuno
- Kumamoto Aging Research Institute Kumamoto Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mizuno Heart Clinic Koshi Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ishida
- Kumamoto Aging Research Institute Kumamoto Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Fumihito Kugimiya
- Kumamoto Aging Research Institute Kumamoto Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Seiko Takai
- Division of Orthopedics, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | | | | | - Eisaku Harada
- Kumamoto Aging Research Institute Kumamoto Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital Kumamoto Japan
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20
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Desita EAN, Arfian N, Setyaningsih WAW, Sari DCR. Calcitriol attenuates vascular remodeling in association with alteration of ppET-1/ET BR/eNOS and ET AR expression in acute and chronic phases of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:8-17. [PMID: 36223656 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) causes acute kidney injury with increasing risk of maladaptive repair through endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) signaling. Calcitriol shows renoprotection in kidney fibrosis, however, its effects on vasoactive substances expression and vascular remodeling following kidney IRI remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate Calcitriol's effects on preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1), ETAR, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression and vascular remodeling in acute and chronic phases of kidney IRI in mice. Twenty-five male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5): SO (sham-operated), IR3 (3 day kidney IRI), IR12 (12 day kidney IRI), IRD3 (3 day kidney IRI + Calcitriol 0.5 µg/kg body weight (BW)/day), and IRD12 (12 day kidney IRI + Calcitriol 0.5 µg/kg BW/day). Ischemia-reperfusion injury groups underwent bilateral renal pedicles clamping for 30 min, then reperfusion. Kidneys were harvested for Sirius Red staining to observe interstitial fibrosis and vascular remodeling, polymerase chain reaction to quantify ppET-1, endothelin type B receptor (ETBR), eNOS mRNA expression, and Western blotting to quantify ETAR protein expression. Calcitriol treatment in both phases of kidney IRI showed lower serum creatinine and ETAR protein expression, while higher eNOS and ETBR mRNA expression than IRI-only groups. Furthermore, ppET-1 mRNA expression was higher in IRD3 than IR3, but lower in IRD12 than IR12. Calcitriol also prevented vascular remodeling as indicated by lower wall thickness and higher lumen/wall area ratio than IRI-only groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryna Ayu Nugra Desita
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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21
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Amirkhizi F, Khademi Z, Hamedi−Shahraki S, Rahimlou M. Vitamin D insufficiency and its association with adipokines and atherogenic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: A case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1080138. [PMID: 36742396 PMCID: PMC9895380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1080138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in most countries of the world. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the level of adipokines, atherogenesis indicators and factors related to metabolic syndrome. METHODS This case-control study was done on 195 patients with metabolic syndrome aged 20-50 y who attended the health centers in Zabol County, northeast Iran, between April 2021 and January 2022. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects with standard methods. To determine serum 25(OH)D levels, we used enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as log (TG/HDL-c). The visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the lipid accumulation product (LAP) were estimated according to standard formulas. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Participants in the case group had lower serum levels of 25(OH)D compared to controls (19.8 ± 6.2 ng/ml vs. 41.2 ± 9.7ng/ml, P<0.001). We found that the mean serum levels of fasting blood sugar (P=0.023) and TG (P=0.008) as well as HOMA-IR (P=0.023) were significantly higher in the cases compared to controls. Also, patients with MetS and vitamin D insufficiency (cases) had higher AIP (P=0.040) and LAP (P=0.012) than controls. Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels showed significant inverse correlations with serum RBP-4 and a positive correlation with serum omentin-1 concentrations. The results of the present study showed that vitamin D deficiency correlated with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors among the patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khademi
- Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Hamedi−Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mehran Rahimlou,
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22
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Zhou Z, Nagashima T, Toda C, Kobayashi M, Suzuki T, Nagayasu K, Shirakawa H, Asai S, Kaneko S. Vitamin D supplementation is effective for olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135516. [PMID: 36895943 PMCID: PMC9989177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is clinically applied in patients with schizophrenia. It increases the risk of dyslipidemia, a disturbance of lipid metabolic homeostasis, usually characterized by increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and accompanied by decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum. In this study, analyzing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, JMDC insurance claims, and electronic medical records from Nihon University School of Medicine revealed that a co-treated drug, vitamin D, can reduce the incidence of olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia. In the following experimental validations of this hypothesis, short-term oral olanzapine administration in mice caused a simultaneous increase and decrease in the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol, respectively, while the triglyceride level remained unaffected. Cholecalciferol supplementation attenuated these deteriorations in blood lipid profiles. RNA-seq analysis was conducted on three cell types that are closely related to maintaining cholesterol metabolic balance (hepatocytes, adipocytes, and C2C12) to verify the direct effects of olanzapine and the functional metabolites of cholecalciferol (calcifediol and calcitriol). Consequently, the expression of cholesterol-biosynthesis-related genes was reduced in calcifediol- and calcitriol-treated C2C12 cells, which was likely to be mediated by activating the vitamin D receptor that subsequently inhibited the cholesterol biosynthesis process via insulin-induced gene 2 regulation. This clinical big-data-based drug repurposing approach is effective in finding a novel treatment with high clinical predictability and a well-defined molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Toda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mone Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahide Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asai
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Shcheblykin DV, Bolgov AA, Pokrovskii MV, Stepenko JV, Tsuverkalova JM, Shcheblykina OV, Golubinskaya PA, Korokina LV. Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.80376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious.
The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, and permeability.
Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction.
Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction.
Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology.
Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described.
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.
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24
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Eghbali BB, Ramezani S, Alavi CE, Ghayeghran AR, Herfeh SS, Atefi A, Limouei SR, Ansar MM. The association of 25 (OH) D3 serum level with ischemic cerebrovascular accident risk, severity and outcome in Iranian population. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23810. [PMID: 36201347 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of combined presence of vitamin D deficiency and other risk factors of stroke in ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) development in Iranian adults has been unclear, so far. The association of vitamin D status at admission with ischemic CVA severity and outcome in this community is not yet well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify these ambiguities. METHODS In a cross-sectional study 104 hospitalized ischemic CVA patients and 104 healthy controls participated. The serum level of 25 (OH) D3 and baseline biochemical parameters were measured in ischemic patients within the first 24 h of admission, as well as healthy controls. The severity of CVA and clinical outcome were assessed using National Institutes Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS There was a significant difference between patients and controls regarding the presence of vitamin D3 deficiency, hypertension, smoking, and baseline level of LDL and FBS. Vitamin D3 deficiency boosted the risk of ischemic in males and those having family history of CVA. A low serum level of 25 (OH) D3 was associated with more severity and poor outcome of CVA. The CVA severity, vitamin D3 deficiency, and hypertension were predictors of poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the increased risk of ischemia in Iranians by cooccurrence of vitamin D3 deficiency and other risk factors of CVA. Clinical significance of vitamin D3 deficiency control may be suggested in those at risk of CVA and functional poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Bakhshayesh Eghbali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Ramezani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Cyrus Emir Alavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Ghayeghran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sina Sedaghat Herfeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amirhomayoun Atefi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahimi Limouei
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Malek Moein Ansar
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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25
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Wu Z, Wu Y, Rao J, Hu H, Wang C, Wu J, Shi Y, Fu Y, Cheng X, Li P. Associations among vitamin D, tobacco smoke, and hypertension: A cross-sectional study of the NHANES 2001-2016. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1986-1996. [PMID: 36202982 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationships among vitamin D, tobacco smoking, and hypertension are currently unknown. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and hypertension and the effect of tobacco smoke exposure levels on this relationship among US adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult participants from the 2001-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was used as a biomarker of vitamin D status, and tobacco smoke exposure levels were objectively evaluated by serum cotinine levels. Among 22,875 eligible adults who were not receiving antihypertensive medications, the prevalence of hypertension, vitamin D deficiency (<50 mmol/L), and cotinine ≥3 ng/mL was 13.9%, 34.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. Serum cotinine and vitamin D levels were independently associated with hypertension risk after controlling for confounders (P < 0.05). When stratified by the cotinine group (<0.05, 0.05-3 and ≥3 ng/mL), we found that the risk of hypertension associated with vitamin D deficiency was higher among subjects with cotinine levels ≥3 ng/mL compared with the other strata [OR (95% CI) 1.30 (1.09, 1.54) vs. 1.53 (1.19, 1.96) vs. 1.64 (1.30, 2.06); P for heterogeneity test <0.05]. Furthermore, serum cotinine levels were negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. These findings suggested that the increased risk of hypertension could be partly attributed to low vitamin D levels induced by tobacco smoke exposure, in addition to the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D deficiency themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingxing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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26
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Xiao Q, Cai B, Yin A, Huo H, Lan K, Zhou G, Shen L, He B. L-shaped association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:308. [PMID: 36127705 PMCID: PMC9490951 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between vitamin D status and mortality in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown. This study investigated the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among American adults with OA. METHODS This study included 2556 adults with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2014). Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards model and two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model were used to elucidate the nonlinear relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mortality in OA patients, and stratified analyses were performed to identify patients with higher mortality risk. RESULTS During 16,606 person-years of follow-up, 438 all-cause deaths occurred, including 74 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related and 78 cancer deaths. After multivariable adjustment, lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly and nonlinearly associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality among participants with OA. Furthermore, we discovered L-shaped associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and all-cause and CVD mortality, with mortality plateauing at 54.40 nmol/L for all-cause mortality and 27.70 nmol/L for CVD mortality. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D levels below the inflection points, those with higher levels had a 2% lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.99) and 17% lower risk for CVD mortality (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Nonlinear associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in American patients with OA. The thresholds of 27.70 and 54.40 nmol/L for CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively, may represent intervention targets for lowering the risk of premature death and cardiovascular disease, but this needs to be confirmed in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwen Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Grant WB, Boucher BJ, Al Anouti F, Pilz S. Comparing the Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials for Nonskeletal Health Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:3811. [PMID: 36145186 PMCID: PMC9501276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies of health outcomes generally suggest beneficial effects with, or following, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally not supported those findings. Here we review results from observational studies and RCTs regarding how vitamin D status affects several nonskeletal health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, all-cause mortality, respiratory tract infections, and pregnancy outcomes. We also consider relevant findings from ecological, Mendelian randomization, and mechanistic studies. Although clear discrepancies exist between findings of observational studies and RCTs on vitamin D and human health benefits these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Bias and confounding are seen in observational studies and vitamin D RCTs have several limitations, largely due to being designed like RCTs of therapeutic drugs, thereby neglecting vitamin D's being a nutrient with a unique metabolism that requires specific consideration in trial design. Thus, RCTs of vitamin D can fail for several reasons: few participants' having low baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, relatively small vitamin D doses, participants' having other sources of vitamin D, and results being analyzed without consideration of achieved 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D status and its relevance for health outcomes can usefully be examined using Hill's criteria for causality in a biological system from results of observational and other types of studies before further RCTs are considered and those findings would be useful in developing medical and public health policy, as they were for nonsmoking policies. A promising approach for future RCT design is adjustable vitamin D supplementation based on interval serum 25(OH)D concentrations to achieve target 25(OH)D levels suggested by findings from observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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28
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Polymorphisms of the 11q23.3 Locus Affect the Risk and Mortality of Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154532. [PMID: 35956147 PMCID: PMC9369758 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine whether the polymorphisms of the 11q23.3 locus affect the risk and mortality of coronary artery disease in 5-year and 10-year observations. Methods: The study group consisted of 519 subjects: 276 patients with CAD and 243 blood donors as controls. The genotyping of polymorphisms (rs10750097, rs3741298, and rs1729410) was performed using the TaqMan-PCR method. Survival was defined as the period from the angiographic confirmation of CAD to cardiovascular death, and the endpoint was defined as death from cardiovascular causes. Results: The G allele of the rs1729410 polymorphism increased the risk of CAD (OR = 1.55, p = 0.04) and showed a synergistic correlation with overweight/obesity (additive synergy index (SI) = 11.01, p < 0.001). The carriers of the GG genotype and over-normative LDL levels increased the risk of CAD by over 12-fold higher than expected (multiplicative synergy index (SIM) = 12.34, p < 0.001). In the case of the rs10750097 variant, an effect on mortality was shown in both 5-year and 10-year periods. Conclusion: The results revealed that the rs1729410 polymorphism increases the risk of CAD in synergy with traditional risk factors, and the rs10750097 polymorphism of the 11q23.3 locus affects the risk of death in patients with CAD.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials of vitamin D supplementation in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between vitamin D and diabetic nephropathy.
Methods
Relevant evidences were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform databases (WANFANG), and VIP dating from inception to December 2019 to obtain the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included studies. Rev Man 5.3 software was used to conduct statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 10 studies involving 651 patients were identified. These studies were finally included into the meta-analysis. A meta-analysis results showed that vitamin D is the protection factor in diabetic nephropathy, the group treated with vitamin D did better than the traditional drug and the placebo group. After taking vitamin D, the level of vitamin D in the patient’s body increased significantly. Pooled results showed that there was a significant difference for vitamin D (MD = 38.24, 95%CI = 32.69–43.79, p < 0.001.) The patient had a significant decrease in urinary protein; the difference was statistically significant (MD = − 180.92, 95%CI = − 212.67 to − 149.16, p < 0.001). The blood creatinine content decreased obviously (MD = − 17.13, 95%CI = − 27.88 to − 6.37, p < 0.01). However, most of the included studies did not report the quality of life and adverse reactions of patients, making it impossible to analyze these measures.
Conclusion
This study showed that vitamin D played an active role in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and can be used in future clinical applications. However, there are still some studies of low quality in the included studies, so it is suggested that clinical and scientific researchers carry out more high-quality, large sample, multi-center randomized controlled trials (RCTS) to provide more evidence-based medical evidence for future studies on vitamin D treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Not Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Is Not Correlated with Vitamin D Level in Patients with a History of an Acute Coronary Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071001. [PMID: 36101382 PMCID: PMC9311593 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has an underlying cause in atherosclerosis. The activity of this inflammatory process can be measured with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of vitamin D affect many mechanisms involved in CAD. In this study, we investigated the association between NLR, vitamin D concentration, and severity of CAD in a group of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). NLR was higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in comparison to those with stable CAD (median: 2.8, range: 0.96−24.3 vs. median: 2.3, range: 0.03−31.6; p < 0.05). No associations between NLR and severity of CAD (p = 0.14) in the cohort and in the subgroups with stable CAD (p = 0.40) and ACS (p = 0.34) were observed. We found no correlation between vitamin D level and NLR neither in the whole study group (p = 0.29) nor in subgroups of patients with stable CAD (p = 0.84) and ACS (p = 0.30). NLR could be used as prognostic biomarker of consecutive MI in patients with CAD and a history of MI.
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Malvandi AM, Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Lombardi G. Metabolic Disruption by Naturally Occurring Mycotoxins in Circulation: A Focus on Vascular and Bone Homeostasis Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915681. [PMID: 35811967 PMCID: PMC9263741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring food/feed contaminants have become a significant global issue due to animal and human health implications. Despite risk assessments and legislation setpoints on the mycotoxins' levels, exposure to lower amounts occurs, and it might affect cell homeostasis. However, the inflammatory consequences of this possible everyday exposure to toxins on the vascular microenvironment and arterial dysfunction are unexplored in detail. Circulation is the most accessible path for food-borne toxins, and the consequent metabolic and immune shifts affect systemic health, both on vascular apparatus and bone homeostasis. Their oxidative nature makes mycotoxins a plausible underlying source of low-level toxicity in the bone marrow microenvironment and arterial dysfunction. Mycotoxins could also influence the function of cardiomyocytes with possible injury to the heart. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins can modulate the metabolic pathways favoring osteoblast dysfunction and bone health losses. This review provides a novel insight into understanding the complex events of coexposure to mixed (low levels) mycotoxicosis and subsequent metabolic/immune disruptions contributing to chronic alterations in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amir Mohammad Malvandi ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-2372
| | - Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Jin J, Wang Y, Zheng D, Liang M, He Q. A Novel Identified Circular RNA, mmu_mmu_circRNA_0000309, Involves in Germacrone-Mediated Improvement of Diabetic Nephropathy Through Regulating Ferroptosis by Targeting miR-188-3p/GPX4 Signaling Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:740-759. [PMID: 34913724 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by microalbuminuria, mainly associated with pathological and morphological alterations of podocyte. New drug targeting podocyte injury is a promising approach for treating DN. The present study is aimed at developing new drug targeting podocyte injury for treating DN. Results: In this study, germacrone ameliorated kidney damage and inhibited podocyte apoptosis in a DN mouse model. Based on RNA-seq, mmu_mmu_circRNA_0000309, located in host gene vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (Vezf1), showed a sharp decline in DN mice and a remarkable recovery in germacrone-challenged DN mice. mmu_circRNA_0000309 silence or miR-188-3p mimics abrogated the antiapoptosis and anti-injury effects of germacrone through aggravating mitochondria damage, and elevating reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis-related protein levels. Mechanistically, mmu_circRNA_0000309 competitively sponged miR-188-3p, and subsequently promoted glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, thereby inactivating ferroptosis-dependent mitochondrial damage and podocyte apoptosis. In addition, GPX4 overexpression neutralized mmu_circRNA_0000309 silence-mediated mitochondria damage and ferroptosis in germacrone-exposed MPC5 cells. Innovation: We describe the novel effect and mechanism of germacrone on treating DN, which is linked to ferroptosis for the first time. Conclusion: mmu_circRNA_0000309 silence mediates drug resistance to germacrone in DN mice. mmu_circRNA_0000309 sponges miR-188-3p, and subsequently upregulates GPX4 expression, inactivating ferroptosis-dependent mitochondrial function and podocyte apoptosis. Possibly germacrone-based treatment for DN can be further motivated by regulating mmu_circRNA_0000309/miR-188-3p/GPX4 signaling axis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 740-759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Vitamin D Counteracts Lipid Accumulation, Augments Free Fatty Acid-Induced ABCA1 and CPT-1A Expression While Reducing CD36 and C/EBPβ Protein Levels in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040775. [PMID: 35453525 PMCID: PMC9028184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (VD3), has received great attention for its extraskeletal effects, such as a protective role on the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present work is to test the capacity of VD3 to affect lipid metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in an in vitro model of monocyte (THP-1)-derived macrophages. Cells were treated for 24 h with oleic/palmitic acid (500 μM, 2:1 ratio) and different VD3 concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 nM). Lipid accumulation was quantified spectrophotometrically (excitation: 544 nm, emission: 590 nm). C/EBPβ, PPAR-γ1, CD36, CPT-1A, and ABCA1 protein levels were assessed by ELISA kits at different time-points (1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h). VD3 at 50 and 100 nM significantly reduced fatty acids accumulation in macrophages by 27% and 32%, respectively. In addition, tested at 50 nM, VD3 decreased CD36, PPAR-γ1, and C/EBPβ, while it increased ABCA1 and CPT-1A protein levels in free fatty acid-exposed cells. In conclusion, VD3 reduced fatty acid accumulation in THP-1-derived macrophages exposed to lipid excess. The anti-atherogenic effect of VD3 could be ascribable to the regulation of proteins involved in lipid transport and clearance.
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Wu SE, Chen WL. Moderate Sun Exposure Is the Complementor in Insufficient Vitamin D Consumers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:832659. [PMID: 35350415 PMCID: PMC8957913 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.832659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Vitamin (Vit) D plays a vital role in human health, and the prevalence of Vit D deficiency worldwide has been a rising concern. This study investigates the serum 25-hydroxy-Vit D [25(OH)D] status in healthy US civilians and identifies how the two main sources, sun exposure and dietary Vit D intake, determine the final 25(OH)D levels in individuals. Methods A total of 2,360 of participants from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 were analyzed. We divided the levels of sun exposure and dietary Vit D intake of all subjects into 10 strata and gave a score ranging from 1 to 10 points, respectively. Scores 1–5 in sun exposure and dietary intake were considered as relatively low exposure groups, whereas scores 6–10 were considered as relatively high exposure groups. Serum Vit D inadequacy was defined as <50 nmol/L. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between sources of Vit D and serum 25(OH)D levels. Results In relatively low Vit D intake groups (Vit D intake score 1–5), relatively high sun exposure (sun exposure score >5) resulted in higher serum 25(OH)D levels (average 57 nmol/L) compared with relatively low sun exposure (sun exposure score <5) (average 50 nmol/L), whereas this difference became negligible in high intake groups (Vit D intake score 6–10). Moreover, the greatest slope occurred in the low Vit D intake curve (decile 3 of Vit D intake), which shows increased sun exposure time causing the greatest degree of change in serum 25(OH)D level in this group. Conclusion Sun exposure can significantly make up for deficiencies in subjects who consume insufficient dietary Vit D. Compared with the extra cost and time for building habits of Vit D supplementation, moderate sun exposure appears to be a simple and costless means for the public to start in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-En Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wei-Liang Chen,
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Arosio B, Rossi PD, Ferri E, Cesari M, Vitale G. Characterization of Vitamin D Status in Older Persons with Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061142. [PMID: 35334800 PMCID: PMC8949190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts a role in the maintenance of cognitive abilities and in frailty. Although several studies evaluated the interactions between vitamin D and cognitive impairment, results were conflicting. In a cohort of community-dwelling older persons, we described the association between vitamin D levels and cognitive decline and all-cause dementia evaluating frailty’s contribution. Our cohort included 509 adults, aged 64–92 years: 176 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 59 with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), 26 with idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH), 133 with mixed dementia (MD) and 115 without cognitive decline. Frailty was measured by frailty index, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations through electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. We found a significant association between vitamin D levels and Mini Mental State Examination independently of cognitive impairment, age, sex and frailty. The patients with dementia (AD and MD) showed the lowest vitamin D levels, while MCI patients showed higher levels than the other groups. The most severe deficiency was observed in MD patients, the most aged as well as cognitively and functionally impaired. In conclusion, in our community-dwelling older persons investigated for a suspected cognitive impairment, we observed an association between vitamin D levels and cognitive decline, regardless of the frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-55035405; Fax: +39-02-50320734
| | - Paolo Dionigi Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.D.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.D.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
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Janjusevic M, Fluca AL, Gagno G, Pierri A, Padoan L, Sorrentino A, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G, Aleksova A. Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042336. [PMID: 35216451 PMCID: PMC8878509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis, since high glucose levels trigger multiple pathological processes, such as oxidative stress and hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In this context, recently approved drugs, such as glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), could be considered a powerful tool for to reduce glucose concentration and cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance have been found to be deficient in vitamin D. Recent studies pointed out the unfavorable prognostic values of T2DM and vitamin D deficiency in patients with cardiac dysfunction, either when considered individually or together, which shed light on the role of vitamin D in general health status. New evidence suggests that SGLT2i could adversely affect the production of vitamin D, thereby increasing the risk of fractures, which are common in patients with T2DM. Therefore, given the biological effects of vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory mediator and a regulator of endothelial function and calcium equilibrium, these new findings should be taken into consideration as well. The aim of this review is to gather the latest advancements regarding the use of antidiabetic and antiplatelet drugs coupled with vitamin D supplementation to control glucose levels, therefore reducing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria Della Misericordia, 06156 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Sorrentino
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Deparment of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.J.); (A.L.F.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-3405507762; Fax: +39-040-3994878
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Small Differences in Vitamin D Levels between Male Cardiac Patients in Different Stages of Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030779. [PMID: 35160231 PMCID: PMC8836728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in males older than 65 years of age. The prevalent vitamin D deficiency in the worldwide population may have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. This study sought to determine the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the stage of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Polish male subjects. Additionally, subjects with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) were analyzed for potential differences in 25(OH)D levels in comparison with those diagnosed with stable CAD. The study was conducted prospectively in a group of 669 male patients subjected to coronarography examination. CAD stage was defined using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score. Patients without significant coronary lesions had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels than patients with single-, double-, or triple-vessel disease (median, 17 vs. 15 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D were apparent when MI was identified as the cause of the then-current hospitalization in comparison with stable CAD, as well as in patients with a history of MI; all of these cases had lower levels of 25(OH)D in comparison with patients with no such history. Male patients with single-, double-, or triple-vessel CAD, acute coronary syndrome, or a history of MI presented lower serum 25(OH)D.
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Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Gagno G, Pierri A, Padoan L, Fluca AL, Carriere C, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G. The Role of Exercise-Induced Molecular Processes and Vitamin D in Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 12:794641. [PMID: 35087418 PMCID: PMC8787056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) still affects millions of people worldwide despite great advances in therapeutic approaches in the cardiovascular field. Remarkably, unlike pathological hypertrophy, exercise leads to beneficial cardiac hypertrophy characterized by normal or enhanced contractile function. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves cardiorespiratory fitness and, as a consequence, ameliorates the quality of life of patients with HF. Particularly, multiple studies demonstrated the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among patients with HF due to the various processes in the myocardium triggered by exercise. Exercise stimulates IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway activation involved in muscle growth in both the myocardium and skeletal muscle by regulating protein synthesis and catabolism. Also, physical activity stimulates the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition, emerging data pointed out the anti-inflammatory effects of exercises as well. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for clinicians to accurately evaluate the patient’s condition by performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test and/or a 6-min walking test. Portable devices with the possibility to measure exercise capacity proved to be very useful in this setting as well. The aim of this review is to gather together the molecular processes triggered by the exercise and available therapies in HF settings that could ameliorate heart performance, with a special focus on strategies such as exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carriere
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Vitamin D Level in Patients with Consecutive Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Not Correlated with the Parameters of Platelet Activity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030707. [PMID: 35160157 PMCID: PMC8836793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease continues to be the leading cause of death in developed countries. Elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) is associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and MI-related mortality. Vitamin D concentrations affect the level and function of platelets, which are the crucial mediator of atherothrombosis and plaque rupture. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with the platelet activity in patients with a history of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This prospective study recruited 268 patients with a history of MI who underwent coronary angiography due to the suspicion of another ACS. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was determined by electrochemiluminescence. Platelet activity was assessed using the MPV and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) parameters. There was no significant difference in MPV and P-LCR values between patients diagnosed with subsequent MI and patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). A significantly lower level of 25(OH)D was demonstrated in patients who had another MI compared to those with CCS (p < 0.05). No significant correlation of 25(OH)D concentrations with platelet activity parameters values was found. The subgroup of patients with consecutive MI was characterized by significantly lower serum vitamin D levels, but this was not related to the analyzed parameters of platelet activity.
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Janjusevic M, Gagno G, Fluca AL, Padoan L, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G, Moretti R, Aleksova A. The peculiar role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2022; 289:120193. [PMID: 34864062 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone with both genomic and non-genomic actions. It exerts its activity by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR), which belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and ligand-activated transcription factors. Since VDR has been found in various tissues, it has been estimated that it regulates approximately 3% of the human genome. Several recent studies have shown pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in various processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair and apoptosis and its involvement in different pathophysiological conditions as inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and anemia. It has been suggested that vitamin D could play an important role in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Moderate to strong associations between lower serum vitamin D concentrations and stroke and cardiovascular events have been identified in different analytic approaches, even after controlling for traditional demographic and lifestyle covariates. The mechanisms behind the associations between vitamin D and cerebrovascular and cardiologic profiles have been widely examined both in animal and human studies. Optimization of vitamin D levels in human subjects may improve insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function and lower levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that altered gene expression of VDR and 1,25D3-membrane-associated rapid response steroid-binding (1,25D3-MARRS) receptor influences the role of vitamin D within neurons and allows them to be more prone to degeneration. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D signaling and the consequences of vitamin D deficiency in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Clinical Pathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) and Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Neurological Clinic, Complex Case Section, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Gaebler AJ, Finner‐Prével M, Lammertz S, Schaffrath S, Eisner P, Stöhr F, Röcher E, Winkler L, Kaleta P, Lenzen L, Augustin M, Hovancakova J, Schwemmer L, Stormanns E, Keskin F, Hendricks F, Paulzen M, Gründer G, Schneider F, Mathiak K, Augustin M, Cordes J, Demirel E, Dielentheis T, Dreher J, Eisner P, Finner‐Prével M, Gaebler AJ, Gründer G, Hendricks F, Hovancakova J, Kaleta P, Keskin F, Kirchner M, Kirner‐Veselinovic A, Lammertz S, Lange C, Larcher F, Lenzen LM, Mathiak K, Meisenzahl‐Lechner E, Muysers J, Neff A, Paulzen M, Plum M, Röcher E, Ruttmann A, Schaffrath S, Schneider F, Schwemmer L, Stöhr F, Stormanns E, Trauzeddel A, Winkler L. Vitamin D’s negative impact on antipsychotic drug exposure may counteract its potential benefits in schizophrenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3193-3200. [DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnim Johannes Gaebler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Michelle Finner‐Prével
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sarah Lammertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sabrina Schaffrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Patrick Eisner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Felix Stöhr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Erik Röcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Lina Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Peter Kaleta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Laura Lenzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Augustin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Bochum Germany
| | - Jana Hovancakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Lara Schwemmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Stormanns
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Augustin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Bochum Germany
| | - Joachim Cordes
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Emir Demirel
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Eisner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Michelle Finner‐Prével
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Arnim Johannes Gaebler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Jana Hovancakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Peter Kaleta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - André Kirner‐Veselinovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Sarah Lammertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | - Federico Larcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Laura Marianne Lenzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Aachen Germany
| | | | - Erik Röcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Axel Ruttmann
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sabrina Schaffrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lara Schwemmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Felix Stöhr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Stormanns
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | | | - Lina Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Germany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
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Huang Y, Chen D, Fietze I, Penzel T. Obstructive Sleep Apnea with COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1384:281-293. [PMID: 36217091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the ensuing pandemic have greatly impacted the global healthcare system due to its high infectiousness, associated high mortality, and a complete lack of immunity in the population. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a health crisis that has not only seriously disrupted people's lives but also affected their normal sleep, along with physical and mental health; this situation is especially exacerbated in people suffering from pre-existing conditions, such as sleep apnea. A recent meta-analysis of 18 studies by Miller et al. (September 2020) showed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to higher mortality and morbidity in patients with COVID-19 and is most likely independent of other risk factors. A recent meta-analysis indicated that COVID-19 patients with OSA are more severely affected than those without OSA, thereby providing further evidence that concurrent OSA may elevate the severity of COVID-19 infection, along with the risk of mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the diagnosis and therapeutic management of patients with OSA. Thus, it is necessary to identify and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this context, the current study summarizes known associations between COVID-19 and OSA and the regular diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSA in the light of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - DongMing Chen
- Charité - Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Berlin, Germany
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Pasupuleti P, Suchitra M, Bitla AR, Sachan A. Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, and Fibrinogen with Oral Vitamin D Supplementation for Six Months in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus having Vitamin D Deficiency. J Lab Physicians 2021; 14:190-196. [PMID: 35982882 PMCID: PMC9381323 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with oxidative stress and inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction, which promotes cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D with its pleiotropic effect is said to protect against cardiovascular risk. However, with vitamin D deficiency being more prevalent in T2DM, the cardiovascular risk may get compounded.
Materials and Methods
An interventional study was conducted on 100 patients with T2DM having vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D < 20 ng/mL), who were given oral supplementation of 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D for a period of 6 months. Serum vitamin D, biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), biomarkers of inflammation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and fibrinogen were measured at baseline and at the end of the third and sixth month of vitamin D supplementation.
Statistical Analysis
Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for comparison between baseline and third- and sixth-month data after vitamin D supplementation. Linear regression by generalized estimating equations (GEE), which grouped repeated measures for each subject and accounted for correlations that may occur from multiple observations within subjects, was applied.
Results
Serum vitamin D levels reached normal levels with a significant decrease in OxLDL, hsCRP, IL-6, PAI-1, and fibrinogen levels, with a significant increase in FRAP (
p
= 0.001) levels at the end of 6 months of vitamin D supplementation. These changes were observed even after correction with glycemic control (HbA1c). However, a significant decrease in MDA was observed only at the end of the sixth month of vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D levels showed a significant negative association with Ox-LDL, Hs-CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, and fibrinogen, even after adjusting for BMI and statin use (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusion
Supplementation of vitamin D for a period of 6 months in patients with T2DM having vitamin D deficiency is beneficial in the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pullaiah Pasupuleti
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M.M. Suchitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna R. Bitla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Sachan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Combined associations of 25-hydroxivitamin D and parathyroid hormone with diabetes risk and associated comorbidities among U.S. white and black women. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 34531372 PMCID: PMC8676147 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives There is evidence of black–white differences in vitamin D status and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to further evaluate the joint associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with risks of diabetes and related cardiometabolic comorbidities among white and black women. Subjects/methods We cross-sectionally and prospectively analyzed data from 1850 black and 3000 white postmenopausal women without cardiovascular disease or dialysis at baseline from the Women’s Health Initiative—Observational Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses and weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the joint associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with incident diabetes and prevalence of other diabetes-related cardiometabolic comorbidities (including CKD, hypertension, or obesity). Results We identified 3322 cases of obesity (n = 1629), hypertension (n = 2759), or CKD (n = 318) at baseline and 453 incident cases of diabetes during 11 years of follow-up. Cross-sectionally, lower 25(OH)D and higher PTH were independently associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.87 and OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.39–1.73] among white women only. When stratified by diabetes status, compared to women with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L (65 pg/mL), women who did not have diabetes with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) and PTH excess (>6.89 pmol/L) had higher prevalence of CKD, hypertension, or obesity (OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 2.90–6.18) than women who had diabetes (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 0.96–3.71). Prospectively, lower 25(OH)D was associated with lower diabetes incidence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62–0.86] in white women. Jointly, compared to the group with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L, white women with 25(OH)D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) had elevated risk for diabetes, regardless of PTH levels. Conclusions Low 25(OH)D and high PTH were jointly associated with increased risk of diabetes among white women only. Their joint associations with high prevalence of CKD, hypertension, and obesity were more pronounced among women without diabetes.
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Mantha S, Tripuraneni SL, Fleisher LA, Roizen MF, Mantha VRR, Dasari PR. Relative contribution of vitamin D deficiency to subclinical atherosclerosis in Indian context: Preliminary findings. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26916. [PMID: 34397932 PMCID: PMC8360406 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Indians have a genetic predisposition to atherothrombotic risk. common carotid intima-media thickness (CCIMT) measured by ultrasound is a quantitative marker for atherosclerotic burden and a derived variable, that is, "CCIMT statistical Z-score (Z-score)" is useful for better quantification. The association between vitamin D deficiency and atherosclerosis is inconclusive. Since, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India, there is a need to study its relative contribution to subclinical atherosclerotic burden.This prospective cross-sectional study (n = 117) in apparently healthy individuals aged 20 to 60 years sought to identify the determinants of CCIMT Z score with CCIMT measured by "echo-tracking" method. A multivariable linear regression analysis was done with CCIMT Z score as dependent variable and the following as independent variables: age, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TC-HDL ratio), serum vitamin D3 levels (ng/mL), sex, diabetes mellitus, current cigarette smoking status. A diagnostic prediction model was also developed with a threshold value of 1.96 for CCIMT Z score.The mean (SD) for calendar age (y) was 40 (8). There were 26 (22.22%) individuals in sample with CCIMT Z score ≥1.96 (advanced stage) of whom 14 (23.33%) were <40 y (n = 60). The mean score was 1.28 (90th percentile) in the entire sample. Vitamin D3 deficiency with a mean (SD) blood level (ng/mL) of 14.3 (6.4) was noted and prevalence of deficiency was 81%. The final model wasCCIMT Z-score = 0.80 + (0.841 × current smoking = 1) + (0.156 × TC-HDL ratio) - (0.0263 × vitamin D3 blood level in ng/mL).The decreasing order of association is smoking, TC-HDL ratio, and vitamin D3. With the model, likelihood ratio (95% CIs) was better for positive test 3.5 (1.23-9.94) than that for a negative test 0.83 (0.66-1.02).Internal validation with Bootstrap resampling revealed stability of baseline diagnostic variables.There is substantial subclinical atherosclerotic burden in Indian setting with independent contribution by vitamin D deficiency. The model is valuable in "ruling-in" of the underlying advanced atherosclerosis. The study is limited by convenient sampling and lack of external validation of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mantha
- Division of Pain Medicine, Mantha Heart Clinic, Barkatpura, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Lee A. Fleisher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael F. Roizen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Cross CI, Driggers PH, McCarthy BE, Diab M, Brennan J, Segars JH. A-kinase anchoring protein 13 interacts with the vitamin D receptor to alter vitamin D-dependent gene activation in uterine leiomyoma cells. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:303-314. [PMID: 35560280 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if A-kinase anchoring protein 13 (AKAP13) interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to alter vitamin D-dependent signaling in fibroid cells. Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are characterized by a fibrotic extracellular matrix and are associated with vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) reduces fibroid growth and extracellular matrix gene expression. A-kinase anchoring protein 13 is overexpressed in fibroids and interacts with nuclear hormone receptors, but it is not known whether AKAP13 may interact with the VDR to affect vitamin D signaling in fibroids. DESIGN Laboratory studies. SETTING Translational science laboratory. INTERVENTION(S) Human immortalized fibroid or myometrial cells were treated with 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and transfected using expression constructs for AKAP13 or AKAP13 mutants, RhoQL, C3 transferase, or small interfering ribonucleic acids (RNAs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of AKAP13, fibromodulin, and versican as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glutathione S-transferase-binding assays. Vitamin D-dependent gene activation as measured by luciferase assays. RESULT(S) 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a significant reduction in mRNA levels encoding AKAP13, versican, and fibromodulin. Small interfering RNA silencing of AKAP13 decreased both fibromodulin and versican mRNA levels. Glutathione S-transferase-binding assays revealed that AKAP13 bound to the VDR through its nuclear receptor interacting region. Cotransfection of AKAP13 and VDR significantly reduced vitamin D-dependent gene activation. RhoA pathway inhibition partially relieved repression of vitamin D-dependent gene activation by AKAP13. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that AKAP13 inhibited the vitamin D receptor activation by a mechanism that required, at least in part, RhoA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel I Cross
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Paul H Driggers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Breanne E McCarthy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maya Diab
- BS, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joshua Brennan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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What Links an Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082661. [PMID: 34444821 PMCID: PMC8398182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in cases of early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IBD most frequently begins at an early age, patients usually present normal weight and remain under constant care of a physician, as well as of a nutritionist. Therefore, the classical risk factors of CVD are not reflected in the higher prevalence of CVD in the IBD population. Still, both groups are characterised by chronic inflammation and display similar physiopathological mechanisms. In the course of IBD, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine, may lead to endothelial dysfunctions and the development of CVD. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with IBD also constitutes a risk factor for an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Additionally, diet is an essential factor affecting both positively and negatively the course of the aforementioned diseases, whereas several dietary patterns may also influence the association between IBD and CVD. Thus, it is essential to investigate the factors responsible for the increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in this group of patients. Our paper attempts to review the role of potential inflammatory and nutritional factors, as well as intestinal dysbiosis and pharmacotherapy, in the increased risk of CVD in IBD patients.
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Acharya P, Dalia T, Ranka S, Sethi P, Oni OA, Safarova MS, Parashara D, Gupta K, Barua RS. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Mortality. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab124. [PMID: 34396023 PMCID: PMC8358990 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the vitamin D (Vit-D) treatment and nontreatment on Vit-D–deficient patients without a prior history of myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and Methods This was a retrospective, observational, nested case–control study of patients (N = 20 025) with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D ([25-OH]D) levels (<20 ng/mL) who received care at the Veterans Health Administration from 1999 to 2018. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A (untreated, levels ≤20 ng/mL), Group B (treated, levels 21-29 ng/mL), and Group C (treated, levels ≥30 ng/mL). The risk of MI and all-cause mortality were compared utilizing propensity score–weighted Cox proportional hazard models. Results Among the cohort of 20 025 patients, the risk of MI was significantly lower in Group C than in Group B (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.85, P = .002) and Group A (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96), P = .02). There was no difference in the risk of MI between Group B and Group A (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.91-1.42, P = 0.24). Compared with Group A, both Group B (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.54-0.63, P < .001) and Group C (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56-0.67, P < .001) had significantly lower all-cause mortality. There was no difference in all-cause mortality between Group B and Group C (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89-1.09, P = .78). Conclusions In patients with Vit-D deficiency and no prior history of MI, treatment to the (25-OH)D level of >20 ng/mL and >30 ng/mL was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality. The lower risk of MI was observed only in individuals maintaining (25-OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Acharya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tarun Dalia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sagar Ranka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Prince Sethi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olurinde A Oni
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 4128, USA
| | - Maya S Safarova
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Deepak Parashara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Research, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 4128, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 4128, USA
| | - Kamal Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rajat S Barua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Research, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 4128, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 4128, USA
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Su C, Menon NV, Xu X, Teo YR, Cao H, Dalan R, Tay CY, Hou HW. A novel human arterial wall-on-a-chip to study endothelial inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration in early atherosclerosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2359-2371. [PMID: 33978037 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of atherosclerosis is largely hampered by the lack of a suitable in vitro human arterial model that recapitulates the arterial wall structure, and the interplay between different cell types and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). This work introduces a novel microfluidic endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) 3D co-culture platform that replicates the structural and biological aspects of the human arterial wall for modeling early atherosclerosis. Using a modified surface tension-based ECM patterning method, we established a well-defined intima-media-like structure, and identified an ECM composition (collagen I and Matrigel mixture) that retains the SMCs in a quiescent and aligned state, characteristic of a healthy artery. Endothelial stimulation with cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was performed on-chip to study various early atherogenic events including endothelial inflammation (ICAM-1 expression), EC/SMC oxLDL uptake, SMC migration, and monocyte-EC adhesion. As a proof-of-concept for drug screening applications, we demonstrated the atheroprotective effects of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) and metformin in mitigating cytokine-induced monocyte-EC adhesion and SMC migration. Overall, the developed arterial wall model facilitates quantitative and multi-factorial studies of EC and SMC phenotype in an atherogenic environment, and can be readily used as a platform technology to reconstitute multi-layered ECM tissue biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun Su
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. and Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nishanth Venugopal Menon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yu Rong Teo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Huan Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore and Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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Fondjo LA, Tashie W, Owiredu WKBA, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Seidu L. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 33902494 PMCID: PMC8077698 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and in preeclampsia, evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia risk; and determined the foeto-maternal outcome in preeclamptic women with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Comboni Hospital, in Ghana from January 2017 to May 2018 for antenatal care. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also estimated. RESULTS A total of 81.7% of the study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 88.6% of the women with PE had vitamin D deficiency compared to 75.0% in the NP. Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced in the PE women compared to the normotensive pregnant women (p = 0.001). A higher proportion of the preeclamptic women who were vitamin D deficient had preterm delivery (p < 0:0001) and delivered low birth weight infants (p < 0:0001), and infants with IUGR (p < 0:0001) compared to the control group (p < 0:0001). Pregnant women with PE presented with significant dyslipidemia, evidenced by significantly elevated TC (p = 0.008), LDL (p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.017) and a significantly reduced HDL (p = 0.001) as compared to NP. In the preeclamptic women, serum 25(OH) D showed an inverse, but not significant association with TC (β = - 0.043, p = 0.722, TG (β = - 0.144, p = 0.210) and LDL (β = - 0.076, p = 0.524) and a positive, but not significant association with HDL (β = 0.171, p = 0.156). CONCLUSION The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in both normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia but amplified in preeclampsia. Higher proportion of pregnant women with hypovitaminosis D had preterm babies and delivered low birth weight neonates. Additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits and optimal dosing of vitamin D use in pregnancy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.
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