1
|
Gu B, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Li H, Yu W, Li T, Liu C, Wang P, Chen J, Sun L, Tan P, Fu W, Wen J. MRG15 aggravates sepsis-related liver injury by promoting PCSK9 synthesis and secretion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112898. [PMID: 39128417 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorders of lipid oxidation play an important role in organ damage, and lipid metabolites are associated with inflammation and coagulation dysfunction in sepsis. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which lipid metabolism-related proteins regulate sepsis is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of mortality factor 4-like protein 1 (MORF4L1, also called MRG15), a hepatic lipid metabolism related gene, in sepsis-induced liver injury. METHODS In the mouse sepsis models established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the impact of pretreatment with the MRG15 inhibitor argatroban on sepsis-related liver injury was investigated. In the LPS-induced hepatocyte sepsis cell model, the effects of MRG15 overexpression or knockdown on hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism were studied. Additionally, in a co-culture system of hepatocytes and macrophages, the influence of MRG15 knockdown in hepatocytes on the synthesis and secretion of inflammation-related protein PCSK9 as well as its effect on macrophage activation were examined. RESULTS Studies have shown that MRG15 expression was increased in septicemia mice and positively correlated with lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, knockdown of MRG15 ameliorates sepsis-induced hepatocyte injury. Increased MRG15 in LPS-stimulated hepatocytes promotes PCSK9 synthesis and secretion, which induces macrophage M1 polarization and exacerbates the inflammatory response. Agatroban, an inhibitor of MRG15, ameliorates sepsis-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting MRG15-induced lipid metabolism disorders and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS In sepsis, increased MRG15 expression in hepatocytes leads to disturbed hepatic lipid metabolism and induces macrophage M1 polarization by secreting PCSK9, ultimately exacerbating liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Gu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tongxi Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengru Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiatong Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gang D, Qing O, Yang Y, Masood M, Wang YH, Linhui J, Haotao S, Li G, Liu C, Nasser MI, Zhu P. Cyanidin prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice after myocardial infarction. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5883-5898. [PMID: 38349396 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a worldwide disease with high morbidity and mortality and a major cause of chronic heart failure, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. Natural medicine has been used to cure or prevent cardiovascular disease for decades. As a natural flavonoid, anthocyanidin has been used to treat many diseases due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. A mouse model (C57BL/6) weighing 30-40 g was utilized to induce myocardial infarction by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cyanidin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for four weeks. A variety of assessments were used to evaluate cardiac function. The gene expression was measured using RNAseq and Western blot. Histological changes in myocardial tissue were assessed using staining techniques, including Masson, Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), and transmission electron microscopy. Tunnel staining was implemented as a method to detect cellular apoptosis. For the quantification of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the serum, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed. Furthermore, autodock simulation was executed in order to assess the interaction between cyanidin and a subset of genes. Cyanidin treatment inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, improved cardiac function, and reduced serum concentrations of BNP and atrial natriuretic peptide ANP, as well as mitigated histological cardiac tissue damage. Cyanidin also inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9) and Fibronectin 1 (Fn1). Cyanidin improves heart function and reduces myocardial damage in mice after MI. Furthermore, cyanidin can prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects are most likely caused by suppression of MMP9/2 and control of the Akt signaling pathway, suggesting an appropriate therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Gang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Qing
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzheng Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Muqaddas Masood
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medicial Center, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Linhui
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Haotao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan, Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, People's Republic of China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Y, Liu Y, Xue W, He W, Lv D, Zhao H. Systems biology-based analysis exploring shared biomarkers and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction combined with osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398990. [PMID: 39086489 PMCID: PMC11288954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background More and more evidence supports the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to explore the shared biomarkers and pathogenesis of MI complicated with OA by systems biology. Methods Gene expression profiles of MI and OA were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were used to identify the common DEGs. The shared genes related to diseases were screened by three public databases, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the two parts of the genes respectively. The hub genes were intersected and verified by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Finally, the hub genes differentially expressed in primary cardiomyocytes and chondrocytes were verified by RT-qPCR. The immune cell infiltration analysis, subtypes analysis, and transcription factors (TFs) prediction were carried out. Results In this study, 23 common DEGs were obtained by WGCNA and DEGs analysis. In addition, 199 common genes were acquired from three public databases by PPI. Inflammation and immunity may be the common pathogenic mechanisms, and the MAPK signaling pathway may play a key role in both disorders. DUSP1, FOS, and THBS1 were identified as shared biomarkers, which is entirely consistent with the results of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and furher confirmed by RT-qPCR. Immune infiltration analysis illustrated that many types of immune cells were closely associated with MI and OA. Two potential subtypes were identified in both datasets. Furthermore, FOXC1 may be the crucial TF, and the relationship of TFs-hub genes-immune cells was visualized by the Sankey diagram, which could help discover the pathogenesis between MI and OA. Conclusion In summary, this study first revealed 3 (DUSP1, FOS, and THBS1) novel shared biomarkers and signaling pathways underlying both MI and OA. Additionally, immune cells and key TFs related to 3 hub genes were examined to further clarify the regulation mechanism. Our study provides new insights into shared molecular mechanisms between MI and OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqi Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Q, Rafatian N, Wagner KT, Blamer J, Smith J, Okhovatian S, Aggarwal P, Wang EY, Banerjee A, Zhao Y, Nash TR, Lu RXZ, Portillo-Esquivel LE, Li CY, Kuzmanov U, Mandla S, Virlee E, Landau S, Lai BF, Gramolini AO, Liu C, Fleischer S, Veres T, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Zhang B, Mossman K, Broeckel U, Radisic M. SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in an angiotensin II-induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and extracellular vesicle screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403581121. [PMID: 38968108 PMCID: PMC11253010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403581121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with preexisting cardiac disease, motivate the development of human cell-based organ-on-a-chip models to recapitulate cardiac injury and dysfunction and for screening of cardioprotective therapeutics. Here, we developed a heart-on-a-chip model to study the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy myocardium established from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and a cardiac dysfunction model, mimicking aspects of preexisting hypertensive disease induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). We recapitulated cytopathic features of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac damage, including progressively impaired contractile function and calcium handling, apoptosis, and sarcomere disarray. SARS-CoV-2 presence in Ang II-treated hearts-on-a-chip decreased contractile force with earlier onset of contractile dysfunction and profoundly enhanced inflammatory cytokines compared to SARS-CoV-2 alone. Toward the development of potential therapeutics, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human iPSC which alleviated the impairment of contractile force, decreased apoptosis, reduced the disruption of sarcomeric proteins, and enhanced beta-oxidation gene expression. Viral load was not affected by either Ang II or EV treatment. We identified MicroRNAs miR-20a-5p and miR-19a-3p as potential mediators of cardioprotective effects of these EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Karl T. Wagner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jacob Blamer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Praful Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Toronto, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Trevor R. Nash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Chen Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Uros Kuzmanov
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Virlee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anthony O. Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Teodor Veres
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G8, Canada
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QCH4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Toronto, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E5, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sridharan D, Dougherty JA, Ahmed U, Sanghvi SK, Alvi SB, Park KH, Islam H, Knoblaugh SE, Singh H, Kirby ED, Khan M. Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging to track transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-specific proteome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:186. [PMID: 38926849 PMCID: PMC11210150 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiated cell types have a great potential for tissue repair and regeneration. While the primary focus of using hiPSCs has historically been to regenerate damaged tissue, emerging studies have shown a more potent effect of hiPSC-derived paracrine factors on tissue regeneration. However, the precise contents of the transplanted hiPSC-derived cell secretome are ambiguous. This is mainly due to the lack of tools to distinguish cell-specific secretome from host-derived proteins in a complex tissue microenvironment in vivo. METHODS In this study, we present the generation and characterization of a novel hiPSC line, L274G-hiPSC, expressing the murine mutant methionyl-tRNA synthetase, L274GMmMetRS, which can be used for tracking the cell specific proteome via biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT). We assessed the trilineage differentiation potential of the L274G-hiPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we assessed the cell-specific proteome labelling in the L274G-hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes (L274G-hiPSC-CMs) in vitro following co-culture with wild type human umbilical vein derived endothelial cells and in vivo post transplantation in murine hearts. RESULTS We demonstrated that the L274G-hiPSCs exhibit typical hiPSC characteristics and that we can efficiently track the cell-specific proteome in their differentiated progenies belonging to the three germ lineages, including L274G-hiPSC-CMs. Finally, we demonstrated cell-specific BONCAT in transplanted L274G-hiPSC-CMs. CONCLUSION The novel L274G-hiPSC line can be used to study the cell-specific proteome of hiPSCs in vitro and in vivo, to delineate mechanisms underlying hiPSC-based cell therapies for a variety of regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sridharan
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Julie A Dougherty
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Uzair Ahmed
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shridhar K Sanghvi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Syed Baseeruddin Alvi
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helena Islam
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sue E Knoblaugh
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Division of Basic and Translational Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu W, Krijgsveld J. Secretome Analysis: Reading Cellular Sign Language to Understand Intercellular Communication. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100692. [PMID: 38081362 PMCID: PMC10793180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant portion of mammalian proteomes is secreted to the extracellular space to fulfill crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication. To best recapitulate the intricate and multi-faceted crosstalk between cells in a live organism, there is an ever-increasing need for methods to study protein secretion in model systems that include multiple cell types. In addition, posttranslational modifications further expand the complexity and versatility of cellular communication. This review aims to summarize recent strategies and model systems that employ cellular coculture, chemical biology tools, protein enrichment, and proteomic methods to characterize the composition and function of cellular secretomes. This is all geared towards gaining better understanding of organismal biology in vivo mediated by secretory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borteçen T, Müller T, Krijgsveld J. An integrated workflow for quantitative analysis of the newly synthesized proteome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8237. [PMID: 38086798 PMCID: PMC10716174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of proteins that are newly synthesized upon a cellular perturbation can provide detailed insight into the proteomic response that is elicited by specific cues. This can be investigated by pulse-labeling of cells with clickable and stable-isotope-coded amino acids for the enrichment and mass spectrometric characterization of newly synthesized proteins (NSPs), however convoluted protocols prohibit their routine application. Here we report the optimization of multiple steps in sample preparation, mass spectrometry and data analysis, and we integrate them into a semi-automated workflow for the quantitative analysis of the newly synthesized proteome (QuaNPA). Reduced input requirements and data-independent acquisition (DIA) enable the analysis of triple-SILAC-labeled NSP samples, with enhanced throughput while featuring high quantitative accuracy. We apply QuaNPA to investigate the time-resolved cellular response to interferon-gamma (IFNg), observing rapid induction of targets 2 h after IFNg treatment. QuaNPA provides a powerful approach for large-scale investigation of NSPs to gain insight into complex cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toman Borteçen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Müller
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claridge B, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Lim SY, Greening DW. Cardiomyocyte intercellular signalling increases oxidative stress and reprograms the global- and phospho-proteome of cardiac fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38938901 PMCID: PMC11080892 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathological reprogramming of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast proteome landscapes drive the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. Although the secretome of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes is emerging as an important driver of pathological fibroblast reprogramming, our understanding of the downstream molecular players remains limited. Here, we show that cardiac fibroblast activation (αSMA+) and oxidative stress mediated by the secretome of TGFβ-stimulated cardiomyocytes is associated with a profound reprogramming of their proteome and phosphoproteome landscape. Within the fibroblast global proteome there was a striking dysregulation of proteins implicated in extracellular matrix, protein localisation/metabolism, KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway, lysosomes, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis of phosphopeptides revealed potential role of kinases (CK2, CDK2, PKC, GSK3B) during this remodelling. We verified upregulated activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in secretome-treated fibroblasts, and pharmacological CK2 inhibitor TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole) significantly abrogated fibroblast activation and oxidative stress. Our data provides molecular insights into cardiomyocyte to cardiac fibroblast crosstalk, and the potential role of CK2 in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lagger C, Ursu E, Equey A, Avelar RA, Pisco AO, Tacutu R, de Magalhães JP. scDiffCom: a tool for differential analysis of cell-cell interactions provides a mouse atlas of aging changes in intercellular communication. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1446-1461. [PMID: 37919434 PMCID: PMC10645595 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of intercellular communication is a hallmark of aging. To better quantify and explore changes in intercellular communication, we present scDiffCom and scAgeCom. scDiffCom is an R package, relying on approximately 5,000 curated ligand-receptor interactions, that performs differential intercellular communication analysis between two conditions from single-cell transcriptomics data. Built upon scDiffCom, scAgeCom is an atlas of age-related cell-cell communication changes covering 23 mouse tissues from 58 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from Tabula Muris Senis and the Calico murine aging cell atlas. It offers a comprehensive resource of tissue-specific and sex-specific aging dysregulations and highlights age-related intercellular communication changes widespread across the whole body, such as the upregulation of immune system processes and inflammation, the downregulation of developmental processes, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organization and the deregulation of lipid metabolism. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of the specific ligands, receptors and cell types regulating these processes. The atlas is available online ( https://scagecom.org ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lagger
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eugen Ursu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anaïs Equey
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto A Avelar
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Oliveira Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Insitro, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravassa S, López B, Treibel TA, San José G, Losada-Fuentenebro B, Tapia L, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J, González A. Cardiac Fibrosis in heart failure: Focus on non-invasive diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101194. [PMID: 37384998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers, is a common feature across the spectrum of conditions converging in heart failure. Eventually, either reparative or reactive in nature, in the long-term cardiac fibrosis contributes to heart failure development and progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite this, specific cardiac antifibrotic therapies are lacking, making cardiac fibrosis an urgent unmet medical need. In this context, a better patient phenotyping is needed to characterize the heterogenous features of cardiac fibrosis to advance toward its personalized management. In this review, we will describe the different phenotypes associated with cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and we will focus on the potential usefulness of imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers for the non-invasive characterization and phenotyping of this condition and for tracking its clinical impact. We will also recapitulate the cardiac antifibrotic effects of existing heart failure and non-heart failure drugs and we will discuss potential strategies under preclinical development targeting the activation of cardiac fibroblasts at different levels, as well as targeting additional extracardiac processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Losada-Fuentenebro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Tapia
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oldham JM, Allen RJ, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Molyneaux PL, Ma SF, Joseph C, Kim JS, Guillen-Guio B, Hernández-Beeftink T, Kropski JA, Huang Y, Lee CT, Adegunsoye A, Pugashetti JV, Linderholm AL, Vo V, Strek ME, Jou J, Muñoz-Barrera A, Rubio-Rodriguez LA, Hubbard R, Hirani N, Whyte MKB, Hart S, Nicholson AG, Lancaster L, Parfrey H, Rassl D, Wallace W, Valenzi E, Zhang Y, Mychaleckyj J, Stockwell A, Kaminski N, Wolters PJ, Molina-Molina M, Banovich NE, Fahy WA, Martinez FJ, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Maher TM, Blackwell TS, Yaspan BL, Jenkins RG, Flores C, Wain LV, Noth I. PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1515-1524. [PMID: 36780644 PMCID: PMC10263132 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0845oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by limited treatment options and high mortality. A better understanding of the molecular drivers of IPF progression is needed. Objectives: To identify and validate molecular determinants of IPF survival. Methods: A staged genome-wide association study was performed using paired genomic and survival data. Stage I cases were drawn from centers across the United States and Europe and stage II cases from Vanderbilt University. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify gene variants associated with differential transplantation-free survival (TFS). Stage I variants with nominal significance (P < 5 × 10-5) were advanced for stage II testing and meta-analyzed to identify those reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). Downstream analyses were performed for genes and proteins associated with variants reaching genome-wide significance. Measurements and Main Results: After quality controls, 1,481 stage I cases and 397 stage II cases were included in the analysis. After filtering, 9,075,629 variants were tested in stage I, with 158 meeting advancement criteria. Four variants associated with TFS with consistent effect direction were identified in stage II, including one in an intron of PCSK6 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) reaching genome-wide significance (hazard ratio, 4.11 [95% confidence interval, 2.54-6.67]; P = 9.45 × 10-9). PCSK6 protein was highly expressed in IPF lung parenchyma. PCSK6 lung staining intensity, peripheral blood gene expression, and plasma concentration were associated with reduced TFS. Conclusions: We identified four novel variants associated with IPF survival, including one in PCSK6 that reached genome-wide significance. Downstream analyses suggested that PCSK6 protein plays a potentially important role in IPF progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard J. Allen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - John S. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tamara Hernández-Beeftink
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Cathryn T. Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janelle Vu Pugashetti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Angela L. Linderholm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vivian Vo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mary E. Strek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Jou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Adrian Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodriguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Richard Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nik Hirani
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hart
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Helen Parfrey
- Cambridge Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Rassl
- Cambridge Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Wallace
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Valenzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Josyf Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Servei de Pneumologia, Laboratori de Pneumologia Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - William A. Fahy
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Toby M. Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Guo Z, Liu F, An P, Wang M, Yang D, Tang Q. PCSK6 attenuates cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:114-128. [PMID: 37061139 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the field of cancer, but its side effects on the heart hinder its clinical application. In cardiac injury caused by DOX, apoptosis and oxidative stress are both involved in cardiac damage, and autophagy is also one of the key responses. Both apoptosis and oxidative stress interact with autophagy. Proper promotion of autophagy effectively protects the myocardium and blocks cardiac injury. DOX mainly acts downstream of the autophagic flow and hinders the degradation process of autophagolysosomes, resulting in abnormal accumulation of autophagolysosomes in cells, which can prevent the timely removal of harmful substances and disrupt the normal function of cells. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure regulation and the inflammatory response, but its role in DOX is still unclear. Here, we constructed cardiac PCSK6-overexpressing mice by injecting AAV9-PCSK6. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that overexpression of PCSK6 effectively protected cardiac function, inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress. We focused on the effect of PCSK6 overexpression on autophagy. We have detected an increase in autophagosomes production and a decrease in autophagolysosomes accumulation. This suggests that PCSK6 promotes the level of autophagy, while possibly acting on the sites where DOX inhibits degradation, so that the autophagic flux inhibited by DOX is restored and the degradation process of autophagolysosomes is restored. The effect of PCSK6 was dependent on FOXO3a, which promoted the nuclear translocation of Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulated the expression of FOXO3a. When SIRT1 was inhibited, the protective effect of PCSK6 was diminished. In conclusion, overexpression of PCSK6 exerts a protective effect through SIRT1/FOXO3a in cardiac injury induced by DOX, suggesting that PCSK6 may be a therapeutic target for DOX cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Heart development and regeneration-a multi-organ effort. FEBS J 2023; 290:913-930. [PMID: 34894086 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of the heart, from early morphogenesis to functional maturation, as well as maintenance of its homeostasis are tasks requiring collaborative efforts of cardiac tissue and different extra-cardiac organ systems. The brain, lymphoid organs, and gut are among the interaction partners that can communicate with the heart through a wide array of paracrine signals acting at local or systemic level. Disturbance of cardiac homeostasis following ischemic injury also needs immediate response from these distant organs. Our hearts replace dead muscles with non-contractile fibrotic scars. We have learned from animal models capable of scarless repair that regenerative capability of the heart does not depend only on competency of the myocardium and cardiac-intrinsic factors but also on long-range molecular signals originating in other parts of the body. Here, we provide an overview of inter-organ signals that take part in development and regeneration of the heart. We highlight recent findings and remaining questions. Finally, we discuss the potential of inter-organ modulatory approaches for possible therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang L, Zhao Q, Jiang K, Yu X, Chao H, Yin L, Wang Y. Uncovering potential diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on machine learning and analyzing its relationship with immune cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:2. [PMID: 36600215 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to mine biomarkers associated with AMI to aid in clinical diagnosis and management. METHODS All mRNA and miRNA data were downloaded from public database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified using the metaMA and limma packages, respectively. Functional analysis of the DEmRNAs was performed. In order to explore the relationship between miRNA and mRNA, we construct miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory network. Potential biomarkers were identified based on machine learning. Subsequently, ROC and immune correlation analysis were performed on the identified key DEmRNA biomarkers. RESULTS According to the false discovery rate < 0.05, 92 DEmRNAs and 272 DEmiRNAs were identified. GSEA analysis found that kegg_peroxisome was up-regulated in AMI and kegg_steroid_hormone_biosynthesis was down-regulated in AMI compared to normal controls. 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were identified based on machine learning, and classification diagnostic models were constructed. The random forests (RF) model has the highest accuracy. This indicates that RF model has high diagnostic value and may contribute to the early diagnosis of AMI. ROC analysis found that the area under curve of 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were all greater than 0.7. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were correlated with most of the differential infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSION The identification of new molecular biomarkers provides potential research directions for exploring the molecular mechanism of AMI. Furthermore, it is important to explore new diagnostic genetic biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Coronary Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Chao
- Coronary Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Identification of biomarkers, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for heart failure using next-generation sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231168471. [PMID: 37092838 PMCID: PMC10134165 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231168471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases related deaths. Increasing molecular targets have been discovered for HF prognosis and therapy. However, there is still an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated biomarkers that might aid the diagnosis and treatment of HF. METHODS We searched next-generation sequencing (NGS) dataset (GSE161472) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing 47 HF samples and 37 normal control samples using limma in R package. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the g: Profiler database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted with Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction rEference (HiPPIE) and visualized using Cytoscape. Module analysis of the PPI network was done using PEWCC1. Then, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the diagnostic effectiveness of the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 930 DEGs, 464 upregulated genes and 466 downregulated genes, were identified in HF. GO and REACTOME pathway enrichment results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in localization, small molecule metabolic process, SARS-CoV infections, and the citric acid tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport. After combining the results of the PPI network miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, 10 hub genes were selected, including heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), filamin A (FLNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), cullin 4A (CUL4A), YEATS domain containing 4 (YEATS4), and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B). CONCLUSIONS This discovery-driven study might be useful to provide a novel insight into the diagnosis and treatment of HF. However, more experiments are needed in the future to investigate the functional roles of these genes in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, #253, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mustafa NH, Jalil J, Saleh MSM, Zainalabidin S, Asmadi AY, Kamisah Y. Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting MAPK and Calcineurin-NFATC3 Signaling Pathways. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010043. [PMID: 36675993 PMCID: PMC9864749 DOI: 10.3390/life13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure. Therapeutic strategies aiming to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway may help prevent cardiac dysfunction. Previously, empty pod ethanol crude extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk was shown to demonstrate protective effects against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of various fractions of the plant ethanol extract on the MAPK/NFAT signaling pathway in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Simultaneous treatment with ethyl acetate (EA) fraction produced the most potent antihypertrophic effect evidenced by the reduced release of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Subsequently, treatment with the EA fraction (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL) prevented an Ang II-induced increase in cell surface area, hypertrophic factors (atrial natriuretic peptide and BNP), reactive oxygen species, protein content, and NADPH oxidase 4 expression in the cells. Furthermore, EA treatment attenuated the activation of the MAPK pathway and calcineurin-related pathway (GATA-binding protein 4 and NFATC3), which was similar to the effects of valsartan (positive control). Our findings indicate that the EA fraction prevents Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the MAPK/calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hidayah Mustafa
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed S. M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-9145-9575; Fax: +603-9145-9547
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma F, Zhu Y, Chang L, Gong J, Luo Y, Dai J, Lu H. Hydrogen sulfide protects against ischemic heart failure by inhibiting RIP1/RIP3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against ischemic heart failure (HF) by inhibiting the necroptosis pathway. Mice were randomized into Sham, myocardial infarction (MI), MI + propargylglycine (PAG) and MI + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, respectively. The MI model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. PAG was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, and NaHS at a dose of 4mg/kg/day for the same period. At 4 weeks after MI, the following were observed: A significant decrease in the cardiac function, as evidenced by a decline in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS); an increase in plasma myocardial injury markers, such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI); an increase in myocardial collagen content in the heart tissues; and a decrease of H2S level in plasma and heart tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of necroptosis-related markers such as receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) were upregulated after MI. NaHS treatment increased H2S levels in plasma and heart tissues, preserving the cardiac function by increasing EF and FS, decreasing plasma CK-MB and cTNI and reducing collagen content. Additionally, NaHS treatment significantly downregulated the RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway. While, PAG treatment aggravated cardiac function by activated the RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway. Overall, the present study concluded that H2S protected against ischemic HF by inhibiting RIP1/RIP3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis which could be a potential target treatment for ischemic HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Dai
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - H Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Proteomic Insights into Cardiac Fibrosis: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248784. [PMID: 36557919 PMCID: PMC9781843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic process in nearly all forms of heart disease which refers to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by cardiac fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, and fibrotic remodelling can cause several cardiac dysfunctions either by reducing the ejection fraction due to a stiffened myocardial matrix, or by impairing electric conductance. Recently, there is a rising focus on the proteomic studies of cardiac fibrosis for pathogenesis elucidation and potential biomarker mining. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis, discusses the potential of imaging and circulating biomarkers available to recognize different phenotypes of this lesion, reviews the currently available and potential future therapies that allow individualized management in reversing progressive fibrosis, as well as the recent progress on proteomic studies of cardiac fibrosis. Proteomic approaches using clinical specimens and animal models can provide the ability to track pathological changes and new insights into the mechanisms underlining cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, spatial and cell-type resolved quantitative proteomic analysis may also serve as a minimally invasive method for diagnosing cardiac fibrosis and allowing for the initiation of prophylactic treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang G, Lu X, Duan Z, Zhang K, Xu L, Bao H, Xiong X, Lin M, Li C, Li Y, Zhou H, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 Knockdown Can Improve Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:951-961. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 6 in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113429. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 6 (PCSK6) is a secreted serine protease expressed in most major organs, where it cleaves a wide range of growth factors, signaling molecules, peptide hormones, proteolytic enzymes, and adhesion proteins. Studies in Pcsk6-deficient mice have demonstrated the importance of Pcsk6 in embryonic development, body axis specification, ovarian function, and extracellular matrix remodeling in articular cartilage. In the cardiovascular system, PCSK6 acts as a key modulator in heart formation, lipoprotein metabolism, body fluid homeostasis, cardiac repair, and vascular remodeling. To date, dysregulated PCSK6 expression or function has been implicated in major cardiovascular diseases, including atrial septal defects, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac aging. In this review, we describe biochemical characteristics and posttranslational modifications of PCSK6. Moreover, we discuss the role of PCSK6 and related molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular biology and disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Serum biomarkers, including nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), for prognosis of cardiovascular death and acute myocardial infarction in an ESSE-RF case-control cohort with 6.5-year follow up. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18177. [PMID: 36307429 PMCID: PMC9616821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case-control study aimed to assess associations of routine and experimental biomarkers with risk for cardiovascular death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a cohort recruited from the multicenter study "Cardiovascular Epidemiology in Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) to identify experimental biomarkers potentially suitable for expanded evaluation. A total of 222 subjects included cardiovascular death (N = 48) and AMI cases (N = 63) during 6.5-year follow up and matched healthy controls. Seven routine and eight experimental biomarkers were assayed to analyze associations with outcomes using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regressions. Elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were independently associated (P < 0.001) with higher risk of cardiovascular death (estimated hazard ratio (eHR) = 1.83-3.74). Elevated levels of NOx and cTnI were independently (P < 0.001) associated with higher risk of nonfatal AMI (eHRs = 1.78-2.67). Elevated levels of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) were independently associated (P < 0.001) with lower risk of cardiovascular death (eHRs 0.09-0.16) and higher risk of nonfatal AMI (eHR = 2.07; P = 0.01). These results indicated that subsequent expanded validation should focus on predictive impact of cTnI, NOx, CRP, and ANGPTL3 to develop nationwide recommendations for individual stratification of patients with cardiovascular risks.
Collapse
|
22
|
Suur BE, Chemaly M, Lindquist Liljeqvist M, Djordjevic D, Stenemo M, Bergman O, Karlöf E, Lengquist M, Odeberg J, Hurt-Camejo E, Eriksson P, Ketelhuth DF, Roy J, Hedin U, Nyberg M, Matic L. Therapeutic potential of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin family in vascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988561. [PMID: 36188622 PMCID: PMC9520287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) constitute a family of nine related proteases: PCSK1-7, MBTPS1, and PCSK9. Apart from PCSK9, little is known about PCSKs in cardiovascular disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression landscape and druggability potential of the entire PCSK family for CVD. We applied an integrative approach, combining genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from three vascular biobanks comprising carotid atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aneurysms, with patient clinical parameters and immunohistochemistry of vascular biopsies. Apart from PCSK4, all PCSK family members lie in genetic regions containing variants associated with human cardiovascular traits. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that FURIN, PCSK5, MBTPS1 were downregulated, while PCSK6/7 were upregulated in plaques vs. control arteries. In abdominal aneurysms, FURIN, PCSK5, PCSK7, MBTPS1 were downregulated, while PCSK6 was enriched in diseased media. In thoracic aneurysms, only FURIN was significantly upregulated. Network analyses of the upstream and downstream pathways related to PCSKs were performed on the omics data from vascular biopsies, revealing mechanistic relationships between this protein family and disease. Cell type correlation analyses and immunohistochemistry showed that PCSK transcripts and protein levels parallel each other, except for PCSK9 where transcript was not detected, while protein was abundant in vascular biopsies. Correlations to clinical parameters revealed a positive association between FURIN plaque levels and serum LDL, while PCSK6 was negatively associated with Hb. PCSK5/6/7 were all positively associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Our results show that PCSK6 is abundant in plaques and abdominal aneurysms, while FURIN upregulation is characteristic for thoracic aneurysms. PCSK9 protein, but not the transcript, was present in vascular lesions, suggesting its accumulation from circulation. Integrating our results lead to the development of a novel ‘molecular’ 5D framework. Here, we conducted the first integrative study of the proprotein convertase family in this context. Our results using this translational pipeline, revealed primarily PCSK6, followed by PCSK5, PCSK7 and FURIN, as proprotein convertases with the highest novel therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca E. Suur
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melody Chemaly
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Djordje Djordjevic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Markus Stenemo
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Ljubica Matic,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Udagawa C, Kuah S, Shimoi T, Kato K, Yoshida T, Nakano MH, Shimo A, Kojima Y, Yoshie R, Tsugawa K, Mushiroda T, Tan EY, Zembutsu H. Replication Study for the Association of Five SNPs Identified by GWAS and Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Japanese and Singaporean Cohorts. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1198-1202. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Udagawa
- Department of Genetics Medicine and services, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Sherwin Kuah
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | | | - Ken Kato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetics Medicine and services, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Mari Hara Nakano
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Arata Shimo
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuyuki Kojima
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Reiko Yoshie
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Koichiro Tsugawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu X, Luo Y, Wang S, Li Y, Bao M, Shang Y, Chen L, Liu W. AKAP12 ameliorates liver injury via targeting PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102328. [PMID: 35576690 PMCID: PMC9118925 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinase anchor protein 12(AKAP12)is a scaffold protein that is critical for cell structure maintenance and signal transduction. However, the role of AKAP12 in liver injury remains unclear. Here, we attempt to explore the potential contribution of AKAP12 in liver injury and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. We found that AKAP12 deletion in acute liver injury (ALI) activates the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation signaling pathway, induces the increased expression of PCSK6 and its downstream inflammation-related genes, and prompts macrophages to produce a large number of inflammatory factors. And knockdown of PCSK6 by in vivo siRNA assay reversed in liver injury AKAP12Δhep mice, demonstrating that PCSK6 has an important role in ALI. Furthermore, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and serine/threonine kinase Akt (AKT) were upregulated in AKAP12Δhep mice of chronic liver injury. To sum up, our study here demonstrates that AKAP12 has a protective role in ALI and chronic liver fibrosis, at least in part through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway. Our findings provide a new potential treatment for liver injury with important clinical implications. The PI3K-AKT pathway is activated in the liver of AKAP12Δhep mice upon ALI. Increased PCSK6 expression is the main cause of aggravated ALI in AKAP12Δhep mice. Increased phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and AKT promote liver fibrosis in AKAP12Δhep mice. AKAP12 ameliorates liver injury through reprogramming PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
He J, Liu Q, Wang J, Xu F, Fan Y, He R, Yan R, Zhu L. Identification of the metabolic remodeling profile in the early-stage of myocardial ischemia and the contributory role of mitochondrion. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11106-11121. [PMID: 35470774 PMCID: PMC9161979 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the primary pathological feature of chronic heart failure. Prompt inhibition of remodeling in acute coronary syndrome has been a standard procedure, but the morbidity and mortality are still high. Exploring the characteristics of ischemia in much earlier stages and identifying its biomarkers are essential for introducing novel mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolic and structural remodeling of mitochondrion is identified to play key roles in ischemic heart disease. The mitochondrial metabolic features in early ischemia have not previously been described. In the present study, we established a mouse heart in early ischemia and explored the mitochondrial metabolic profile using metabolomics analysis. We also discussed the role of mitochondrion in the global cardiac metabolism. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondrial structural injury was invoked at 8 minutes post-coronary occlusion. In total, 75 metabolites in myocardium and 26 in mitochondria were screened out. About 23% of the differentiated metabolites in mitochondria overlapped with the differentiated metabolites in myocardium; Total 81% of the perturbed metabolic pathway in mitochondria overlapped with the perturbed pathway in myocardium, and these pathways accounted for 50% of the perturbed pathway in myocardium. Purine metabolism was striking and mechanically important. In conclusion, in the early ischemia, myocardium exacerbated metabolic remodeling. Mitochondrion was a contributor to the myocardial metabolic disorder. Purine metabolism may be a potential biomarker for early ischemia diagnosis. Our study introduced a perspective for prompt identification of ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjing Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Fan
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhua He
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pcsk6 Deficiency Promotes Cardiomyocyte Senescence by Modulating Ddit3-Mediated ER Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040711. [PMID: 35456517 PMCID: PMC9028967 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a critical determinant of cardiac dysfunction, which contributes to cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 6 (PCSK6) is a proteolytic enzyme important for the maintenance of cardiac function and vascular homeostasis. To date, the involvement of PCSK6 in cardiac aging remains unknown. Here we report that PCSK6 expression decreased in the hearts of aged mice, where high levels cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) (senescence markers) were observed. Moreover, PCSK6 protein expression was significantly reduced in senescent rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2) induced by D-galactose. Pcsk6 knockdown in H9c2 cells increased P16 and P21 expression levels and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Pcsk6 knockdown also impaired cardiomyocyte function, as indicated by increased advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species level, and apoptosis. Overexpression of PCSK6 blunted the senescence phenotype and cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis in Pcsk6-knockdown H9c2 cells identified the up-regulated DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) gene involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein processing. Additionally, DDIT3 protein levels were remarkably increased in aged mouse hearts. In the presence of tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, DDIT3 expression increased in Pcsk6-deficient H9c2 cells but reduced in PCSK6-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PCSK6 modulates cardiomyocyte senescence possibly via DDIT3-mediated ER stress.
Collapse
|
28
|
Arslan U, Moruzzi A, Nowacka J, Mummery C, Eckardt D, Loskill P, Orlova V. Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100259. [PMID: 35514437 PMCID: PMC9062349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of heart disease and drug responses are increasingly based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) since their ability to capture human heart (dys-)function is often better than animal models. Simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, however, have shortcomings. Some of these can be overcome using more complex, multi cell-type models in 3D. Here we review modalities that address this, describe efforts to tailor readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology (exogenously and in situ) and discuss perspectives for implementation in industry and academia.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cai C, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu X, Wang S, Lu M, Yan X, Deng L, Liu S, Wang F, Fan C. Self-Healing Hydrogel Embodied with Macrophage-Regulation and Responsive-Gene-Silencing Properties for Synergistic Prevention of Peritendinous Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106564. [PMID: 34816470 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antiadhesion barriers such as films and hydrogels used to wrap repaired tendons are important for preventing the formation of adhesion tissue after tendon surgery. However, sliding of the tendon can compress the adjacent hydrogel barrier and cause it to rupture, which may then lead to unexpected inflammation. Here, a self-healing and deformable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is constructed as a peritendinous antiadhesion barrier. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-degradable gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres (MSs) encapsulated with Smad3-siRNA nanoparticles are entrapped within the HA hydrogel to inhibit fibroblast proliferation and prevent peritendinous adhesion. GelMA MSs are responsively degraded by upregulation of MMP-2, achieving on-demand release of siRNA nanoparticles. Silencing effect of Smad3-siRNA nanoparticles is around 75% toward targeted gene. Furthermore, the self-healing hydrogel shows relatively attenuated inflammation compared to non-healing hydrogel. The mean adhesion scores of composite barrier group are 1.67 ± 0.51 and 2.17 ± 0.75 by macroscopic and histological evaluation, respectively. The proposed self-healing hydrogel antiadhesion barrier with MMP-2-responsive drug release behavior is highly effective for decreasing inflammation and inhibiting tendon adhesion. Therefore, this research provides a new strategy for the development of safe and effective antiadhesion barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuanzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mingkuan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiong Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kaur K, Velázquez FE, Anastasiou M, Ngwenyama N, Smolgovsky S, Aronovitz M, Alcaide P. Sialomucin CD43 Plays a Deleterious Role in the Development of Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Pressure Overload by Modulating Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:780854. [PMID: 34925069 PMCID: PMC8678270 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialomucin CD43 is a transmembrane protein differentially expressed in leukocytes that include innate and adaptive immune cells. Among a variety of cellular processes, CD43 participates in T cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and contributes to the progression of experimental autoimmunity. Sequential infiltration of myeloid cells and T cells in the heart is a hallmark of cardiac inflammation and heart failure (HF). Here, we report that CD43-/- mice have improved survival to HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). This enhanced survival is associated with improved systolic function, decreased cardiac fibrosis, and significantly reduced T cell cardiac infiltration in response to TAC compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Lack of CD43 did not alter the number of myeloid cells in the heart, but resulted in decreased cardiac CXCL10 expression, a chemoattractant for T cells, and in a monocyte shift to anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Collectively, these findings unveil a novel role for CD43 in adverse cardiac remodeling in pressure overload induced HF through modulation of cardiac T cell inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco E. Velázquez
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marina Anastasiou
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha Smolgovsky
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Pilar Alcaide,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lyu Z, Genereux JC. Methodologies for Measuring Protein Trafficking across Cellular Membranes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1397-1415. [PMID: 34636167 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all proteins are synthesized in the cytosol. The majority of this proteome must be trafficked elsewhere, such as to membranes, to subcellular compartments, or outside of the cell. Proper trafficking of nascent protein is necessary for protein folding, maturation, quality control and cellular and organismal health. To better understand cellular biology, molecular and chemical technologies to properly characterize protein trafficking (and mistrafficking) have been developed and applied. Herein, we take a biochemical perspective to review technologies that enable spatial and temporal measurement of protein distribution, focusing on both the most widely adopted methodologies and exciting emerging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin YK, Yeh CT, Kuo KT, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Kounis NG, Hu P, Hung MY. Pterostilbene Increases LDL Metabolism in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes by Modulating the PCSK9/HNF1α/SREBP2/LDLR Signaling Cascade, Upregulating Epigenetic hsa-miR-335 and hsa-miR-6825, and LDL Receptor Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081280. [PMID: 34439528 PMCID: PMC8389247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) can promote the degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), leading to hypercholesterolemia and myocardial dysfunction. The intracellular regulatory mechanism by which the natural polyphenol pterostilbene modulates the PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes has not been evaluated. We conducted Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and mean fluorescence intensity analyses of pterostilbene-treated mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Pterostilbene did not alter cardiomyocyte viability. Compared to the control group, treatment with both 2.5 and 5 μM pterostilbene significantly increased the LDLR protein expression accompanied by increased uptake of LDL. The expression of the mature PCSK9 was significantly suppressed at the protein and mRNA level by the treatment with both 2.5 and 5 μM pterostilbene, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, 2.5 and 5 μM pterostilbene treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the protein hepatic nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)/histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) ratio and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2)/HDAC2 ratio. The expression of both hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) at the protein level was also suppressed. Pterostilbene as compared to short hairpin RNA against SREBP2 induced a higher protein expression of LDLR and lower nuclear accumulation of HNF1α and SREBP2. In addition, pterostilbene reduced PCSK9/SREBP2 interaction and mRNA expression by increasing the expression of hsa-miR-335 and hsa-miR-6825, which, in turn, increased LDLR mRNA expression. In cardiomyocytes, pterostilbene dose-dependently decreases and increases the protein and mRNA expression of PCSK9 and LDLR, respectively, by suppressing four transcription factors, HNF1α, SREBP2, HIF1α, and Nrf2, and enhancing the expression of hsa-miR-335 and hsa-miR-6825, which suppress PCSK9/SREBP2 interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Kuang Lin
- Biostatistics Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-T.Y.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-T.Y.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-T.Y.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas G. Kounis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26221 Patras, Greece;
| | - Patrick Hu
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA 92506, USA
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-2249-0088; Fax: +88-62-8262-2010
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Urine peptidome analysis in cardiorenal syndrome reflects molecular processes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16219. [PMID: 34376786 PMCID: PMC8355128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as the confluence of heart-kidney dysfunction. This study investigates the molecular differences at the level of the urinary peptidome between CRS patients and controls and their association to disease pathophysiology. The urinary peptidome of CRS patients (n = 353) was matched for age and sex with controls (n = 356) at a 1:1 ratio. Changes in the CRS peptidome versus controls were identified after applying the Mann-Whitney test, followed by correction for multiple testing. Proteasix tool was applied to investigate predicted proteases involved in CRS-associated peptide generation. Overall, 559 differentially excreted urinary peptides were associated with CRS patients. Of these, 193 peptides were specifically found in CRS when comparing with heart failure and chronic kidney disease urinary peptide profiles. Proteasix predicted 18 proteases involved in > 1% of proteolytic cleavage events including multiple forms of MMPs, proprotein convertases, cathepsins and kallikrein 4. Forty-four percent of the cleavage events were produced by 3 proteases including MMP13, MMP9 and MMP2. Pathway enrichment analysis supported that ECM-related pathways, fibrosis and inflammation were represented. Collectively, our study describes the changes in urinary peptides of CRS patients and potential proteases involved in their generation, laying the basis for further validation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Function and regulation of corin in physiology and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1905-1916. [PMID: 33125488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of major importance in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and normal blood pressure. Reduced plasma ANP levels are associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP generation and alters electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is synthesized as a zymogen that is proteolytically activated on the cell surface. Factors that disrupt corin folding, intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation are expected to impair corin function. To date, CORIN variants that reduce corin activity have been identified in hypertensive patients. In addition to the heart, corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues, where corin and ANP participate in diverse physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in corin biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. We also discuss tissue-specific corin expression and function in physiology and disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang B, Xu H, Kong J, Liu D, Qin WD, Bai W. Krüppel-like factor 15 reduces ischemia-induced apoptosis involving regulation of p38/MAPK signaling. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1471-1480. [PMID: 34314239 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a characteristic of a variety of cardiac diseases including myocardial infarction (MI). Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a transcription factor of Krüppel family that plays an important part in cardiovascular diseases. However, the function and the underlying mechanism of KLF15 in MI remain unknown. Methods and Results The expression of KLF15 was downregulated both in ischemic myocardium of MI mice model and hypoxia-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVCs). KLF15 overexpression mediated by adeno-associated virus significantly abrogated the ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction, increased the survival rate and reduced infarct size after MI. Meanwhile, KLF15 overexpression dramatically reduced the myocardial apoptosis, regulated apoptosis-related genes such as Bcl2 and Bax, diminished the activities of caspase-9/3 and inactivated p38/MAPK signaling in the border zone. Similar results were observed in NRVCs exposed to hypoxia. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time that KLF15 overexpression could reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac dysfunction in MI mice at least partially by inhibiting p38/MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Jinan, Shandong, China;
| | - Haijia Xu
- Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China;
| | - Jing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250014. Tel. 86-5313256718345, wenhuaxi road 107, Jinan, China, 250012;
| | - Deshan Liu
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Jinan, Shandong, China;
| | - Wei-Dong Qin
- Shandong Univ, Wenhua xi road, No.107, Jinan, United States, 250012;
| | - Wenwu Bai
- Shandong University, 12589, Qilu Hospital, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China, 250100;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The kexin-like proprotein convertases perform the initial proteolytic cleavages that ultimately generate a variety of different mature peptide and proteins, ranging from brain neuropeptides to endocrine peptide hormones, to structural proteins, among others. In this review, we present a general introduction to proprotein convertase structure and biochemistry, followed by a comprehensive discussion of each member of the kexin-like subfamily of proprotein convertases. We summarize current knowledge of human proprotein convertase insufficiency syndromes, including genome-wide analyses of convertase polymorphisms, and compare these to convertase null and mutant mouse models. These mouse models have illuminated our understanding of the roles specific convertases play in human disease and have led to the identification of convertase-specific substrates; for example, the identification of procorin as a specific PACE4 substrate in the heart. We also discuss the limitations of mouse null models in interpreting human disease, such as differential precursor cleavage due to species-specific sequence differences, and the challenges presented by functional redundancy among convertases in attempting to assign specific cleavages and/or physiological roles. However, in most cases, knockout mouse models have added substantively both to our knowledge of diseases caused by human proprotein convertase insufficiency and to our appreciation of their normal physiological roles, as clearly seen in the case of the furin, proprotein convertase 1/3, and proprotein convertase 5/6 mouse models. The creation of more sophisticated mouse models with tissue- or temporally-restricted expression of specific convertases will improve our understanding of human proprotein convertase insufficiency and potentially provide support for the emerging concept of therapeutic inhibition of convertases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Shakya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Su Q, Xu Y, Cai R, Dai R, Yang X, Liu Y, Kong B. miR-146a inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial infarction by targeting cyclophilin D. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1258-1271. [PMID: 33717647 PMCID: PMC7907681 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases; however, their roles in ischemic heart disease remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-146a is enriched in the mitochondrial fraction of cardiomyocytes, and its level significantly decreases after ischemic reperfusion (I/R) challenge. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of miR-146a aggravated myocardial infarction, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction induced by the I/R injury. Overexpression of miR-146a suppressed anoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. miR-146a overexpression also blocked mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c leakage; meanwhile, miR-146a knockdown elicited the opposite effects. Additionally, miR-146a overexpression decreased cyclophilin D protein, not mRNA, expression. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-146a binds to the coding sequence of the cyclophilin D gene. Restoration of cyclophilin D reversed the inhibitory action of miR-146a on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific cyclophilin D deletion completely abolished the exacerbation of myocardial infarction and apoptosis observed in miR-146a cardiomyocyte-deficient mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that nuclear miR-146a translocates into the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our study unveils a novel role for miR-146a in ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Rixin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Binghui Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gómez-Mendoza DP, Lara-Ribeiro AC, Verano-Braga T. Pathological cardiac remodeling seen by the eyes of proteomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140622. [PMID: 33607275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling involves cellular and structural changes that occur as consequence of multifactorial events to maintain the homeostasis. The progression of pathological cardiac remodeling involves a transition from adaptive to maladaptive changes that eventually leads to impairment of ventricular function and heart failure. In this scenario, proteins are key elements that orchestrate molecular events as increased expression of fetal genes, neurohormonal and second messengers' activation, contractile dysfunction, rearrangement of the extracellular matrix and alterations in heart geometry. Mass spectrometry based-proteomics has emerged as a sound method to study protein dysregulation and identification of cardiac diseases biomarkers in plasma. In this review, we summarize the main findings related to large-scale proteome modulation of cardiac cells and extracellular matrix occurred during pathological cardiac remodeling. We describe the recent proteomic progresses in the selection of protein targets and introduce the renin-angiotensin system as an interesting target for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paola Gómez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lara-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibres through the entire myocardium is encountered in a number of chronic cardiac diseases. This lesion results from alterations in the regulation of fibrillary collagen turnover by fibroblasts, facilitating the excessive deposition of type I and type III collagen fibres within the myocardial interstitium and around intramyocardial vessels. The available evidence suggests that, beyond the extent of fibrous deposits, collagen composition and the physicochemical properties of the fibres are also relevant in the detrimental effects of diffuse myocardial fibrosis on cardiac function and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. In this regard, findings from the past 20 years suggest that various clinicopathological phenotypes of diffuse myocardial fibrosis exist in patients with heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in heart failure. Furthermore, we discuss the validity and usefulness of available imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers to assess the clinicopathological variation in this lesion and to track its clinical evolution. Finally, we highlight the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies aimed at personalizing the prevention and reversal of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lai Q, Yuan G, Shen L, Zhang L, Fu F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Kou J, Liu S, Yu B, Li F. Oxoeicosanoid receptor inhibition alleviates acute myocardial infarction through activation of BCAT1. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:3. [PMID: 33484341 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced along with leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Metabolomics studies have shown that 5-oxo-ETE level is elevated in the serum in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated by the highly selective oxoeicosanoid receptor (OXE-R). Moreover, increased OXE-R content was verified in AMI patients and mice. However, the precise role of OXE-R in AMI is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that 5-oxo-ETE triggered myocardial injury in mice. Pathway enrichment analysis identified branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/2 (BCAT1/2) as potential mediators of this effect. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that BCAT1/BCAT2 expression was significantly reduced by AMI in vitro and in vivo, while pharmacologic inhibition of BCAT1/BCAT2 accelerated myocardial injury. Conversely, heart-specific overexpression of BCAT1/BCAT2 in mice protected against ischemic myocardial injury. Treatment with the selective OXE-R inhibitor Gue1654 alleviated coronary artery ligation-induced ischemic myocardial injury in mice and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in cardiomyocytes through activation of BCAT1, while inhibiting OXE-R suppressed protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall, our study confirmed a novel target OXE-R for the treatment of AMI based on metabolomics, and targeting OXE-R may represent unrecognized therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases through activation of BCAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Le Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zeliang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Poschmann G, Brenig K, Lenz T, Stühler K. Comparative Secretomics Gives Access to High Confident Secretome Data: Evaluation of Different Methods for the Determination of Bona Fide Secreted Proteins. Proteomics 2020; 21:e2000178. [PMID: 33015975 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretome analysis is broadly applied to understand the interplay between cells and their microenvironment. In particular, the unbiased analysis by mass spectrometry-based proteomics of conditioned medium has been successfully applied. In this context, several approaches have been developed allowing to distinguish proteins actively secreted by cells from proteins derived from culture medium or proteins released from dying cells. Here, three different methods comparing conditioned medium and lysate by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify bona fide secreted proteins are evaluated. Evaluation in three different human cell lines reveals that all three methods give access to a similar set of bona fide secreted proteins covering a broad abundance range. In the analyzed primary cells, that is, mesenchymal stromal cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts, more than 70% of the identified proteins are linked to classical secretion pathways. Furthermore, 4-12% are predicted to be released by unconventional secretion pathways. Interestingly, evidence of release by ectodomain shedding in a large number of the remaining candidate proteins is found. In summary, it is convinced that comparative secretomics is currently the method of choice to obtain high-confident secretome data and to identify novel candidates for unconventional protein secretion which have been neglected so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Poschmann
- Proteome Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katrin Brenig
- Proteome Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenz
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Proteome Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.,Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Andreadou I, Tsoumani M, Vilahur G, Ikonomidis I, Badimon L, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. PCSK9 in Myocardial Infarction and Cardioprotection: Importance of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:602497. [PMID: 33262707 PMCID: PMC7688516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.602497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence from epidemiologic, genetic, and clinical intervention studies has indisputably shown that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations play a central role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Apart from LDL-C, also triglycerides independently modulate cardiovascular risk. Reduction of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a therapeutic target for reducing plasma LDL-C, but it is also associated with a reduction in triglyceride levels potentially through modulation of the expression of free fatty acid transporters. Preclinical data indicate that PCSK9 is up-regulated in the ischaemic heart and decreasing PCSK9 expression impacts on infarct size, post infarct inflammation and remodeling as well as cardiac dysfunction following ischaemia/reperfusion. Clinical data support that notion in that PCSK9 inhibition is associated with reductions in the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization and an improvement of endothelial function in subjects with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the current review is to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of free fatty acid metabolism on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and to provide an update on recent evidence on the role of hyperlipidemia and PCSK9 in myocardial infarction and cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Spain
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee LY, Pandey AK, Maron BA, Loscalzo J. Network medicine in Cardiovascular Research. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:2186-2202. [PMID: 33165538 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate multi-omics data coupled with deeply characterizing the clinical phenotype of individual patients promises to improve understanding of complex cardiovascular pathobiology. There remains an important disconnection between the magnitude and granularity of these data and our ability to improve phenotype-genotype correlations for complex cardiovascular diseases. This shortcoming may be due to limitations associated with traditional reductionist analytical methods, which tend to emphasize a single molecular event in the pathogenesis of diseases more aptly characterized by crosstalk between overlapping molecular pathways. Network medicine is a rapidly growing discipline that considers diseases as the consequences of perturbed interactions between multiple interconnected biological components. This powerful integrative approach has enabled a number of important discoveries in complex disease mechanisms. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts of network medicine and highlight specific examples by which this approach has accelerated cardiovascular research. We also review how network medicine is well-positioned to promote rational drug design for patients with cardiovascular diseases, with particular emphasis on advancing precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Y Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schmidt C, Voigt N. Insights into cardiovascular research in Göttingen and Heidelberg: a report by the ESC Scientists of Tomorrow. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:e162-e164. [PMID: 32754726 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
ER Stress-Induced Secretion of Proteins and Their Extracellular Functions in the Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092066. [PMID: 32927693 PMCID: PMC7563782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca2+-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”
Collapse
|
46
|
Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1103-1108. [PMID: 32838164 PMCID: PMC7352091 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has a similar structure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1(SARS-CoV-1). The S protein on the surface of the virus is cleaved by host proprotein convertases (PCs) to expose the active N-terminal S1 extracellular domain. Its receptors are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the C-terminal S2 membrane anchoring protein is responsible for translocating the virus into the cell. Among patients with COVID-19, there is a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and more than 7% of patients have suffered myocardial damage due to the infection, but the internal mechanism is still poorly understood. There is currently no specific and effective targeted treatment. Reduction of the patient’s morbidity and mortality is an urgent problem that needs to be solved clinically. By exploring the theoretical analysis of PCs and ACE2 in COVID-19 cardiovascular susceptibility, some insights on how to prevent and alleviate adverse cardiovascular prognosis have been provided in this study.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lindsey ML, Gundry RL. Secrets of Cardiac Remodeling Revealed in the Secretome. Circulation 2020; 141:1645-1647. [PMID: 32421415 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (M.L.L., R.L.G.).,Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE (M.L.L.)
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE (M.L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Röhl S, Suur BE, Lengquist M, Seime T, Caidahl K, Hedin U, Arner A, Matic L, Razuvaev A. Lack of PCSK6 Increases Flow-Mediated Outward Arterial Remodeling in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041009. [PMID: 32325687 PMCID: PMC7225991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertases (PCSKs) process matrix metalloproteases and cytokines, but their function in the vasculature is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated upregulation of PCSK6 in atherosclerotic plaques from symptomatic patients, localization to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the fibrous cap and positive correlations with inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and cytokines. Here, we hypothesize that PCSK6 could be involved in flow-mediated vascular remodeling and aim to evaluate its role in the physiology of this process using knockout mice. Pcsk6−/− and wild type mice were randomized into control and increased blood flow groups and induced in the right common carotid artery (CCA) by ligation of the left CCA. The animals underwent repeated ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examinations followed by euthanization with subsequent evaluation using wire myography, transmission electron microscopy or histology. The Pcsk6−/− mice displayed a flow-mediated increase in lumen circumference over time, assessed with UBM. Wire myography revealed differences in the flow-mediated remodeling response detected as an increase in lumen circumference at optimal stretch with concomitant reduction in active tension. Furthermore, a flow-mediated reduction in expression of SMC contractile markers SMA, MYH11 and LMOD1 was seen in the Pcsk6−/− media. Absence of PCSK6 increases outward remodeling and reduces medial contractility in response to increased blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Röhl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
| | - Bianca E. Suur
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
| | - Till Seime
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.R.); Tel.: +46-(0)-73-962-42-79 (L.M.); +46-(0)-76-238-44-75 (A.R.)
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.R.); (B.E.S.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (K.C.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.R.); Tel.: +46-(0)-73-962-42-79 (L.M.); +46-(0)-76-238-44-75 (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|