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Tan AK, Bagnoli J, McKenzie-Morgan C, Ocampo-Balabagno A. Outcomes of the Nurse-Led Interdisciplinary-Heart Failure Team Program (NLI-HFTP): A Pilot Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:18-23. [PMID: 38015147 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20231108-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Information is lacking in long-term care regarding heart failure (HF) management, including in nursing homes. The current pilot project examined the Nurse-Led Interdisciplinary-Heart Failure Team Program (NLI-HFTP) intervention for nursing home residents with HF. This study used a pre-posttest one-group design with 46 nursing home residents who were primarily female, African American, of non-Hispanic ethnicity, and with an average age of 76 years. Post-intervention Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale scores were significantly higher than pre-intervention scores (mean pretest = 124.83, mean posttest score = 103.04; t [45] = 27.78, p < 0.001). Comparison of participants' medical records found a substantial decrease in the number of HF-exacerbated hospitalizations during the 3-month post-implementation period compared with rates during the 3-month pre-implementation period (16 vs. 7). The NLI-HFTP was feasible to implement in a nursing home, reduced referral rates to acute care hospitals, and could thus provide a better resident experience through increasing nurse-patient interactions. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(12), 18-23.].
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Park JY, Bu SY. The ability of the geriatric nutritional risk index to predict the risk of heart diseases in Korean adults: a Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1276073. [PMID: 37964931 PMCID: PMC10641288 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1276073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The predictive ability of nutritional risk index on cardiovascular outcomes in middle-aged and non-hospitalized adults has not yet been reported. This study investigated whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), an index for assessing the risk of developing malnutrition, could predict heart disease in middle-aged Korean adults. Methods The cohort used in this study consisted of 3,783 participants selected from 10,030 Korean adults who participated in the Ansan-Ansung cohort study as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The GNRI was determined based on serum albumin level, proportion of current weight, and ideal body weight. Participants were then divided into two groups: GNRI ≤98 and > 98, which corresponded to the risk of malnutrition and normal, respectively. The major outcome of this study was coronary artery disease (CAD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) during a 15-year-follow period. Results During the follow-up period spanning 2004-2018, 136 events of heart disease occurred. Using a Kaplan-Meier analysis, event-free rates were found to be associated with 90.5% on a GNRI ≤98 and 96.6% on a GNRI >98 (p < 0.0009). GNRI ≤98 showed a 3.2-fold (hazard ratio, 3.22; 95% credit interval, 1.49-6.96; p = 0.0029) increase in the incidence of heart disease, including CAD or CHF, compared with GNRI >98, after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion Malnutrition risk confers a significantly increased risk for heart disease in middle-aged Koreans. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to verify the efficacy of the GNRI in predicting disease risk in adults with pre-disease.
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Keeney T, Lake D, Varma H, Resnik L, Teno JM, Grabowski DC, Gozalo P. Trends in post-acute care and outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for heart failure between 2008 and 2015. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:730-741. [PMID: 36318635 PMCID: PMC10023288 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among older adults in the United States and results in high rates of post-acute care (PAC) utilization. Federal policies have focused on shifting PAC to less intensive settings and reducing length of stay to lower spending. This study evaluates the impact of policy changes on PAC use among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with HF between 2008 and 2015 by (1) characterizing trends in PAC use and cost and (2) evaluating changes in readmission, mortality, and days in the community, overall and by frailty. METHODS Annual cross-section prospective cohorts of all HF admissions between 1/1/2008 and 9/30/2015 among a 20% random sample of all Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries (n = 718,737). The Claims-based Frailty Index (CFI) was used to classify frailty status. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate trends in first discharge location, readmissions, mortality, days alive in the community, and costs; overall and by frailty status. RESULTS Frailty was prevalent among HF patients: 54.1% were prefrail, 37.0% mildly frail, and 6.9% moderate to severely frail. Between 2008 and 2015, almost 4% more HF beneficiaries received PAC, with most of the increase concentrated in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) (+2.3%) and home health agencies (HHA) (+1.1%), and PAC cost increased by $123 (3.5%). Over the 180-days follow-up after hospitalization, hospital readmissions decreased significantly (-3.4% at 30-day; -6.3% at 180-day), days alive in the community increased (+1.5), and 180-day Medicare costs declined $2948 (-18.7%) without negative impact in mortality (except a minor increase in the pre-frail group). Gains were greatest among the frailest patients. CONCLUSIONS Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with HF spent more time in the community and experienced lower rehospitalization rates at lower cost without significant increases in mortality. However, important opportunities remain to optimize care for frail older adults hospitalized with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra Keeney
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Mongan Institute Center for Aging and Serious Illness Research, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, School of Public Health
| | - Derek Lake
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Hiren Varma
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, School of Public Health
| | - Linda Resnik
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, School of Public Health
- Research Department, Providence VA Medical Center
| | - Joan M. Teno
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Pedro Gozalo
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, School of Public Health
- Research Department, Providence VA Medical Center
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Rockwell MS, Cox E, Locklear T, Hodges B, Mulkey S, Evans B, Epling JW, Stavola AR. Implementation of a Multimodal Heart Failure Management Protocol in a Skilled Nursing Facility. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214221149274. [PMID: 36755744 PMCID: PMC9900649 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221149274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are incentivized to reduce hospital readmissions among patients with heart failure (HF). We used the RE-AIM framework and mixed quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the implementation of a multimodal HF management protocol (HFMP) administered in a SNF in 2021. Over 90% of eligible patients were enrolled in the HFMP (REACH). Of the 42 enrolled patients (61.9% female, aged 81.9 ± 8.9 years, 9.5% Medicaid), 2 (4.8%) were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge and 4 (9.5%) were readmitted within 30 days of SNF discharge compared with historical (2020) rates of 16.7% and 22.2%, respectively (a potential savings of $132,418-$176,573 in hospital costs) (EFFECTIVENESS). Although stakeholder feedback about ADOPTION and IMPLEMENTATION was largely positive, challenges associated with clinical data collection, documentation, and staff turnover were described. Findings will inform refinement of the HFMP to facilitate further testing and sustainability (MAINTENANCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Rockwell
- Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA,Virginia Tech Carilion School of
Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Brandy Hodges
- Friendship Health and Rehabilitation
Center—South, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Stacey Mulkey
- Friendship Health and Rehabilitation
Center—South, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Brandon Evans
- Friendship Health and Rehabilitation
Center—South, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - John W. Epling
- Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA,Virginia Tech Carilion School of
Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Anthony R. Stavola
- Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA,Friendship Health and Rehabilitation
Center—South, Roanoke, VA, USA,Anthony R. Stavola, Department of Family
& Community Medicine, Carilion Clinic/Virginia Tech Carilion School of
Medicine, 1 Riverside Circle, Suite 102, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
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Idrees T, Castro-Revoredo IA, Migdal AL, Moreno EM, Umpierrez GE. Update on the management of diabetes in long-term care facilities. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/4/e002705. [PMID: 35858714 PMCID: PMC9305812 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with diabetes is increasing among older adults in the USA, and it is expected to reach 26.7 million by 2050. In parallel, the percentage of older patients with diabetes in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) will also rise. Currently, the majority of LTCF residents are older adults and one-third of them have diabetes. Management of diabetes in LTCF is challenging due to multiple comorbidities and altered nutrition. Few randomized clinical trials have been conducted to determine optimal treatment for diabetes management in older adults in LTCF. The geriatric populations are at risk of hypoglycemia since the majority are treated with insulin and have different levels of functionality and nutritional needs. Effective approaches to avoid hypoglycemia should be implemented in these settings to improve outcome and reduce the economic burden. Newer medication classes might carry less risk of developing hypoglycemia along with the appropriate use of technology, such as the use of continuous glucose monitoring. Practical clinical guidelines for diabetes management including recommendations for prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia are needed to appropriately implement resources in the transition of care plans in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaer Idrees
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Iris A Castro-Revoredo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandra L Migdal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emmelin Marie Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Morrow CD, Perraillon MC, Wald HL, Nelson JL, Reeder BP, Battaglia C, Boxer RS. Challenges in Heart Failure Disease Management in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Qualitative Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2022; 48:14-17. [PMID: 35511061 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20220404-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines recommend clinicians in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) monitor body weight and signs and symptoms related to heart failure (HF) and encourage a sodium restricted diet to improve HF outcomes; however, SNFs face considerable challenges in HF disease management (HF-DM). In the current study, we characterized the challenges of HF-DM with data from semi-structured, in-depth interviews with patients, caregivers, staff, and physicians from nine SNFs. Patients receiving skilled nursing care were interviewed together as a dyad with their caregiver. A data-driven, qualitative descriptive approach was used to understand the process and challenges of HF-DM. Coded text was categorized into descriptive themes. Interviews with five dyads (n = 10 individuals), SNF nurses and certified nursing assistants (n = 13), and physicians (n = 2) revealed that, among the sample, HF care was not prioritized above other competing health concerns. Staff operated in the challenging SNF environment largely without protocols or educational materials to prompt HF-DM. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(5), 13-17.].
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Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2022; 145:e895-e1032. [PMID: 35363499 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 380.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021. Structure: Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anita Deswal
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
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8
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Shah N, Annam A, Cireddu N, Cireddu JV. VPExam Virtual Care for Heart Failure Optimizing Transitions of Care Quality Improvement Project (VPExam QI). CARDIOVASCULAR DIGITAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2022; 3:146-155. [PMID: 35720679 PMCID: PMC9204841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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9
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Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:e263-e421. [PMID: 35379503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 891] [Impact Index Per Article: 445.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021. STRUCTURE Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.
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10
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Lafo J, Singh M, Jiang L, Correia S, Madrigal C, Clements R, Wu WC, Erqou S, Rudolph JL. Outcomes in heart failure patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities with delirium. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1891-1900. [PMID: 35293145 PMCID: PMC9065834 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Heart failure (HF) outcomes are disproportionately worse in patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) as opposed to home. We hypothesized that dementia and delirium were key factors influencing these differences. Our aim was to explore the associations of dementia and delirium with risk of hospital readmission and mortality in HF patients discharged to SNF. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population included Veterans hospitalized for a primary diagnosis of HF and discharged to SNFs between 2010 and 2015. Pre-existing dementia was identified based on International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Delirium was determined using the Minimum Data Set 3.0 Confusion Assessment Method algorithm. Proportional hazard regression analyses were used to model outcomes and were adjusted for covariates of interest. Patients (n = 21 655) were older (77.0 ± 10.5 years) and predominantly male (96.9%). Four groups were created according to presence (+) or absence (-) of dementia and delirium. Relative to the dementia-/delirium- group, the dementia-/delirium+ group was associated with increased 30 day mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7, 3.0] and 365 day mortality (adjusted HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3, 1.7). Readmission was highest in the dementia-/delirium+ group after 30 days (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5). In the group with dementia (delirium-/dementia+), 30 day mortality (12.8%; HR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.7, 0.8) and readmissions (5.3%; HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.8, 1.1) were not different relative to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Delirium, independent of pre-existing dementia, confers increased risk of hospital readmission and mortality in HF patients discharged to SNFs. Managing HF after hospitalization is a complex cognitive task and an increased focus on mental status in the acute care setting prior to discharge is needed to improve HF management and transitional care, mitigate adverse outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lafo
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Stephen Correia
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Butler Hospital Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caroline Madrigal
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Rachel Clements
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Gerontology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Scrutinio D, Guida P, Passantino A, Scalvini S, Bussotti M, Forni G, Vaninetti R, La Rovere MT. Characteristics, outcomes and long-term survival of heart failure patients undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:891-898.e4. [PMID: 34740595 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of CR participation with all-cause mortality after a hospitalization for HF and to describe the characteristics and functional and clinical outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). DESIGN Multicenter cohort study. The association between CR participation and all-cause mortality from discharge from the acute care setting was assessed using Cox regression analysis adjusting for established prognostic factors. SETTING Six inpatients rehabilitation facilities (IRF). PARTICIPANTS 3,219 HF patients admitted to inpatient CR between January 2013 and December 2016. Of these patients, 1,455 had been transferred directly from acute care hospitals after a hospitalization for HF (CR-Group 1) and 1,764 had been admitted from the community due to worsening functional disability or worsening clinical conditions (CR-Group 2). Six hundred thirty-three patients not referred to CR after a hospitalization for HF served as control group (non-CR Group). INTERVENTION Cardiac rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE long-term mortality. Secondary outcomes were: 1. Change in functional capacity, as assessed by change in 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) from admission to discharge; 2. Clinical outcomes of the index inpatient rehabilitation admission, including in-hospital mortality and unplanned (re)admission to the acute care. RESULTS Compared with the non-CR Group, the adjusted hazard ratios of mortality at 1, 3, and 5 years for CR-Group 1 patients were 0.82 (0.68-0.97), 0.81 (0.71-0.93), and 0.80 (0.70-0.91). 6MWD increased from 230 to 292 m (p<.001) and 43.4% of the patients gained >50 m improvement. Overall, 2.5% of the patients died in hospital and 4.7% of the patients experienced unplanned (re)admissions to acute care, with significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that inpatient CR is effective in improving functional capacity and suggest that inpatient CR provided in the earliest period following a hospitalization for HF is associated with long-term improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Scrutinio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Guida
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Passantino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simonetta Scalvini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS. Institute of Lumezzane, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bussotti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS. Institute of Milano-Camaldoli, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Forni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS. Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Vaninetti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Montescano, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Friedman DM, Goldberg JM, Molinsky RL, Hanson MA, Castaño A, Raza SS, Janas N, Celano P, Kapoor K, Telaraja J, Torres ML, Jain N, Wessler JD. A Virtual Cardiovascular Care Program for Prevention of Heart Failure Readmissions in a Skilled Nursing Facility Population: Retrospective Analysis. JMIR Cardio 2021; 5:e29101. [PMID: 34061037 PMCID: PMC8411436 DOI: 10.2196/29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with heart failure (HF) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) have 30-day hospital readmission rates as high as 43%. A virtual cardiovascular care program, consisting of patient selection, initial televisit, postconsultation care planning, and follow-up televisits, was developed and delivered by Heartbeat Health, Inc., a cardiovascular digital health company, to 11 SNFs (3510 beds) in New York. The impact of this program on the expected SNF 30-day HF readmission rate is unknown, particularly in the COVID-19 era. Objective The aim of the study was to assess whether a virtual cardiovascular care program could reduce the 30-day hospital readmission rate for patients with HF discharged to SNF relative to the expected rate for this population. Methods We performed a retrospective case review of SNF patients who received a virtual cardiology consultation between August 2020 and February 2021. Virtual cardiologists conducted 1 or more telemedicine visit via smartphone, tablet, or laptop for cardiac patients identified by a SNF care team. Postconsult care plans were communicated to SNF clinical staff. Patients included in this analysis had a preceding index admission for HF. Results We observed lower hospital readmission among patients who received 1 or more virtual consultations compared with the expected readmission rate for both cardiac (3% vs 10%, respectively) and all-cause etiologies (18% vs 27%, respectively) in a population of 3510 patients admitted to SNF. A total of 185/3510 patients (5.27%) received virtual cardiovascular care via the Heartbeat Health program, and 40 patients met study inclusion criteria and were analyzed, with 26 (65%) requiring 1 televisit and 14 (35%) requiring more than 1. Cost savings associated with this reduction in readmissions are estimated to be as high as US $860 per patient. Conclusions The investigation provides initial evidence for the potential effectiveness and efficiency of virtual and digitally enabled virtual cardiovascular care on 30-day hospital readmissions. Further research is warranted to optimize the use of novel virtual care programs to transform delivery of cardiovascular care to high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Friedman
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States.,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Rebecca L Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States.,Innovative Practice & Telemedicine Section, Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Adam Castaño
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Nodar Janas
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States.,Cassena Care, LLC, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Peter Celano
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen Kapoor
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Nayan Jain
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Wessler
- Heartbeat Health, Inc., New York, NY, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Pressler SJ, Jung M, Lee CS, Arkins TP, O'Donnell D, Cook R, Bakoyannis G, Newhouse R, Gradus-Pizlo I, Pang PS. Predictors of emergency medical services use by adults with heart failure; 2009–2017. Heart Lung 2020; 49:475-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Institutional Guidelines for Resistance Exercise Training in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:463-475. [PMID: 30701461 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutional position stands are useful for practitioners when designing exercise routines for specific populations. Resistance training has been included in programs for patients with cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to analyze institutional guidelines providing recommendations for resistance training applied to cardiovascular disease. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from inception until 30 April, 2018. RESULTS Of 994 articles initially found, 13 position stands were retained. Consensual indications occurred only for number of sets (one to three sets) and training frequency (two to three sessions/week). Recommendations concerning other major training variables were discordant regarding workload (none or loads ranging from < 30% up to 80% 1 repetition maximum) and exercise order (none or vaguely indicating alternation of muscle groups or circuit format), or insufficient regarding intervals between sets and exercises or number and type of exercises. Overall, guidelines lack recommendations of specific procedures for each type of disease at different severity levels, cardiovascular risk during exercise, or criteria for training progression. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations provided by institutional guidelines appear to be insufficient to support adequate resistance training prescription in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Abstract
Following the Affordable Care Act (ACA), more hospitals vertically integrated into skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Hospitals are now being penalized for avoidable readmissions, creating a greater demand for better coordination of care between hospitals and SNF. We created a longitudinal panel data set by merging data from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey, CMS' Hospital Compare, and the Rural Urban Commuting Area data. Hospital and year fixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between hospital vertical integration into SNF and 30-day pneumonia and heart failure (HF) readmission rates between 2008 and 2011. Our primary analyses modeled the impact of hospital vertical integration into SNF on 30-day readmissions for both pneumonia and HF using hospital and year fixed effects. Our secondary analyses examined whether hospital vertical integration into SNF was associated with a change in readmissions rates among different types of hospitals. Our results indicate that hospitals that vertically integrated into SNF were associated with a reduction in hospital 30-day pneumonia readmission rates (β = -0.233, p = .039). Vertical integration into SNF was not significantly associated with 30-day HF readmissions. Our secondary analyses found variation in the impact of vertical integration on readmission rates among different hospital organizational types.
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16
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Harrington CC. Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Assessing Heart Failure in Long-Term Care Facilities. J Gerontol Nurs 2019; 45:18-24. [PMID: 30985905 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20190409-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests the most crucial elements to successful heart failure (HF) management in long-term care (LTC) include improving staffs' HF knowledge to recognize and intervene in early symptom exacerbations, embedding an effective and integrated interprofessional communication system into daily care processes, risk stratification, and anticipatory advanced care planning. Despite a large body of evidence describing best practices, quality HF management remains elusive in LTC facilities. Studies have shown that care quality and outcomes improve when the entire team, including direct caregivers, have an active role in residents' care planning and implementation. The current article summarizes a revised evidence-based practice guideline on assessing HF, addressing a systematic approach to care delivery, and implementing evidence-based best practices for HF quality improvement initiatives in LTC, post-acute care, and short-term rehabilitation settings. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(7), 18-24.].
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17
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Xavier SDO, Ferretti-Rebustini REDL. Clinical characteristics of heart failure associated with functional dependence at admission in hospitalized elderly. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3137. [PMID: 31038631 PMCID: PMC6528626 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2869-3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective to identify which clinical features of heart failure are associated with a
greater chance of functional dependence for the basic activities of daily
living in hospitalized elderly. Method cross-sectional study conducted with elderly hospitalized patients. The
clinical characteristics of heart failure were assessed by self-report,
medical records and scales. Dependency was assessed by the Katz Index. The
Fisher’s Exact Test was used to analyze associations between the nominal
variables, and logistic regression to identify factors associated with
dependence. Results the sample consisted of 191 cases. The prevalence of functional dependence
was 70.2%. Most of the elderly were partially dependent (66.6%). Clinical
characteristics associated with dependence at admission were dyspnea (Odds
Ratio 8.5, Confidence Interval 95% 2.668-27.664, p <0.001), lower limb
edema (Odds Ratio 5.7, 95% Confidence Interval 2.148-15.571, p <0.001);
cough (Odds Ratio 9.0, 95% confidence interval 1.053-76.938, p <0.045);
precordial pain (Odds Ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 1.125-18.023, p
<0.033), and pulmonary crackling (Odds Ratio 4.9, 95% Confidence Interval
1.704-14.094, p <0.003). Conclusion functional dependence in admitted elderly patients with heart failure is more
associated with congestive signs and symptoms.
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18
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Kritchevsky SB, Forman DE, Callahan KE, Ely EW, High KP, McFarland F, Pérez-Stable EJ, Schmader KE, Studenski SA, Williams J, Zieman S, Guralnik JM. Pathways, Contributors, and Correlates of Functional Limitation Across Specialties: Workshop Summary. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:534-543. [PMID: 29697758 PMCID: PMC6417483 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional clinical care models focus on the measurement and normalization of individual organ systems and de-emphasize aspects of health related to the integration of physiologic systems. Measures of physical, cognitive and sensory, and psychosocial or emotional function predict important health outcomes like death and disability independently from the severity of a specific disease, cumulative co-morbidity, or disease severity measures. A growing number of clinical scientists in several subspecialties are exploring the utility of functional assessment to predict complication risk, indicate stress resistance, inform disease screening approaches and risk factor interpretation, and evaluate care. Because a substantial number of older adults in the community have some form of functional limitation, integrating functional assessment into clinical medicine could have a large impact. Although interest in functional implications for health and disease management is growing, the science underlying functional capacity, functional limitation, physical frailty, and functional metrics is often siloed among different clinicians and researchers, with fragmented concepts and methods. On August 25-26, 2016, participants at a trans-disciplinary workshop, supported by the National Institute on Aging and the John A. Hartford Foundation, explored what is known about the pathways, contributors, and correlates of physical, cognitive, and sensory functional measures across conditions and disease states; considered social determinants and health disparities; identified knowledge gaps, and suggested priorities for future research. This article summarizes those discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - E Wesley Ely
- VA Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC) and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville
| | - Kevin P High
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Frances McFarland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack M Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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The Development of Pathways in Palliative Medicine: Definition, Models, Cost and Quality Impact. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:healthcare7010022. [PMID: 30717281 PMCID: PMC6473403 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Palliative Care and its medical subspecialty, known as Palliative Medicine, is the care of anyone with a serious illness. This emerging field includes Hospice and comfort care, however, it is not limited to end-of-life care. Examples of the types of serious illness that Palliative Medicine clinicians care for include and are not limited to hematologic and oncologic diseases, such as cancer, advanced heart and lung diseases (e.g., congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), advanced liver and kidney diseases, and advanced neurologic illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease). In the past decade, there has been tremendous growth of Palliative Medicine programs across the country. As the population of patients with serious illnesses increases, there is growing concentration on quality of care, including symptom management, meeting patients’ goals regarding their medical care and providing various types of support, all of which are provided by Palliative Medicine. In this review article we define Palliative Medicine, describe care pathways and their applicability to Palliative Medicine, identify different models for Palliative Care and provide evidence for its impact on cost and quality of care.
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Inadequate Communication Exacerbates the Support Needs of Current and Bereaved Caregivers in Advanced Heart Failure and Impedes Shared Decision-making. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2019; 34:11-19. [DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Heckman GA, Hirdes JP, Hébert PC, Morinville A, Amaral ACKB, Costa A, McKelvie RS. Predicting Future Health Transitions Among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents With Heart Failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:438-443. [PMID: 30573437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how a heart failure diagnosis and admission health instability predict health transitions and outcomes among newly admitted nursing home residents. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of linked administrative data, including the Continuing Care Report System MDS 2.0 for nursing homes, the Discharge Abstract Database for hospitalized patients, and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System to track emergency department visits. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults, aged 65 years and above, admitted to nursing homes in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada, from 2010 to 2016. MEASURES Mortality and hospitalization were plotted over 1 year. Multistate Markov models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for transitions to different states of health in stability, hospitalization, and death, stratified by heart failure diagnosis and by interRAI Changes in Health and End-stage disease Signs and Symptoms (CHESS) score, at 90 days following admission to a nursing home. RESULTS The final sample included 143,067 residents. Adverse events were most common in the first 90 days. A diagnosis of heart failure predicted worsening health instability, hospitalizations, and mortality. The effect of heart failure on hospitalizations and death was strongest for low baseline health instability (CHESS = 0; OR 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-1.68, and OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.57-1.86, respectively), versus moderate instability (CHESS = 1-2; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32-1.39, and OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.41-1.55), versus high instability (CHESS = 3; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.23, and OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.32). The magnitude of the impact of a heart failure diagnosis was greatest for lower baseline health instability. Residents with the highest degree of health instability were also most likely to die in hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A diagnosis of heart failure and health instability provide complementary information to predict transfers, deaths, and adverse outcomes. Clearly identifying these at-risk patients may be useful in targeting interventions in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Heckman
- Research Institute for Ageing, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John P Hirdes
- Research Institute for Ageing, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Hébert
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal et Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Morinville
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre C K B Amaral
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Costa
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Loop MS, van Dyke MK, Chen L, Safford MM, Kilgore ML, Brown TM, Durant RW, Levitan EB. Low Utilization of Beta-Blockers Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2018; 25:343-351. [PMID: 30339796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence-based beta-blockers carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol succinate reduce mortality and hospitalizations among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Use of these medications is not well described in the general population of patients with HFrEF, especially among patients with potential contraindications. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to describe the patterns of prescription fills for carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol succinate among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for HFrEF, as well as to estimate the associations between specific contraindications for beta-blocker therapy and those patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS With the use of the cohort of 15,205 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for HFrEF from 2007 to 2013 in the 5% Medicare random sample, we described prescription fills (30 days after discharge) and dosage patterns (1 year after discharge) for beta-blockers. By means of of Fine and Gray competing risk models, we estimated the associations between potential contraindications (hypotension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma, and syncope) and prescription fill and dosing patterns while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and health care utilization. For beneficiaries who did not die or readmitted to the hospital, 38% of hospitalizations were followed by a prescription fill for an evidence-based beta-blocker within 30 days, 12% were followed by prescription fills for at least 50% of the recommended dose of an evidence-based beta-blocker within 1 year, and 9% were followed by a prescription fill for an up-titrated dose of an evidence-based beta-blocker within 1 year. The prevalence of the contraindications were 21% for hypotension, 48% for COPD, 15% for asthma, and 12% for syncope. Among beneficiaries who did not fill a prescription for an evidence-based beta-blocker within 30 days, 67% had at least 1 of these contraindications. Hypotension, COPD, and syncope were each associated with a ∼10% lower risk of filling a prescription for an evidence-based beta-blocker. CONCLUSIONS Prescription fill and up-titration rates for evidence-based beta-blockers are low among Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF, but contraindications explain only a minor part of these low rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Shane Loop
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | | | - Ligong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Monika M Safford
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Meredith L Kilgore
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Todd M Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Raegan W Durant
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily B Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Heckman GA, Shamji AK, Ladha R, Stapleton J, Boscart V, Boxer RS, Martin LB, Crutchlow L, McKelvie RS. Heart Failure Management in Nursing Homes: A Scoping Literature Review. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:871-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Pilot testing of the effectiveness of nurse-guided, patient-centered heart failure education for older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2018; 39:376-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Wadhera RK, Joynt Maddox KE, Wang Y, Shen C, Yeh RW. 30-Day Episode Payments and Heart Failure Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 6:379-387. [PMID: 29655827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association of 30-day payments for an episode of heart failure (HF) care at the hospital level with patient outcomes. BACKGROUND There is increased focus among policymakers on improving value for HF care, given its rising prevalence and associated financial burden in the United States; however, little is known about the relationship between payments and mortality for a 30-day episode of HF care. METHODS Using Medicare claims data for all fee-for-service beneficiaries hospitalized for HF between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2014, we examined the association between 30-day Medicare payments at the hospital level (beginning with a hospital admission for HF and across multiple settings following discharge) and patient 30-day mortality using mixed-effect logistic regression models. RESULTS We included 1,343,792 patients hospitalized for HF across 2,948 hospitals. Mean hospital-level 30-day Medicare payments per beneficiary were $15,423 ± $1,523. Overall observed mortality in the cohort was 11.3%. Higher hospital-level 30-day payments were associated with lower patient mortality after adjustment for patient characteristics (odds ratio per $1,000 increase in payments: 0.961; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.954 to 0.967). This relationship was slightly attenuated after accounting for hospital characteristics and HF volume, but remained significant (odds ratio per $1,000 increase: 0.968; 95% CI: 0.962 to 0.975). Additional adjustment for potential mediating factors, including cardiac service capability and post-acute service use, did not significantly affect the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Higher hospital-level 30-day episode payments were associated with lower patient mortality following a hospitalization for HF. This has implications for policies that incentivize reduction in payments without considering value. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms that underlie this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Wadhera
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yun Wang
- Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Changyu Shen
- Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Li L, Jesdale BM, Hume A, Gambassi G, Goldberg RJ, Lapane KL. Who are they? Patients with heart failure in American skilled nursing facilities. J Cardiol 2017; 71:428-434. [PMID: 29111304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is common among skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents, yet patients with HF in the SNF setting have not been well described. METHODS Using Minimum Data Set 3.0 cross-linked to Medicare data (2011-2012), we studied 150,959 HF patients admitted to 13,858 SNFs throughout the USA. ICD-9 codes were used to differentiate patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), or unspecified HF. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 82 years, 68% were women, 34% had HFpEF, and 27% had HFrEF. HFpEF patients were older than those with HFrEF. Moderate/severe physical limitations (82%) and cognitive impairment (37%) were common, regardless of HF type. The burden and pattern of common comorbidities, with the exception of coronary heart disease, were similar among all groups, with a median of five comorbidities. One half of patients with HF had been prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and 39% evidence-based β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS SNF residents with HF are old and suffer from significant physical limitations and cognitive impairment and a high degree of comorbidity. These patients differ substantially from HF patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials and that might explain divergence from treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Bill M Jesdale
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anne Hume
- University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert J Goldberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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27
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Levitan EB, Van Dyke MK, Chen L, Durant RW, Brown TM, Rhodes JD, Olubowale O, Adegbala OM, Kilgore ML, Blackburn J, Albright KC, Safford MM. Medical therapy following hospitalization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and association with discharge to long-term care: a cross-sectional analysis of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:249. [PMID: 28915854 PMCID: PMC5602915 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less intensive treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) may be appropriate for patients in long-term care settings because of limited life expectancy, frailty, comorbidities, and emphasis on quality of life. METHODS We compared treatment patterns between REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study participants discharged to long-term care versus home following HFrEF hospitalizations. We examined medical records and Medicare pharmacy claims for 147 HFrEF hospitalizations among 80 participants to obtain information about discharge disposition and medication prescriptions and fills. RESULTS Discharge to long-term care followed 22 of 147 HFrEF hospitalizations (15%). Participants discharged to long-term care were more likely to be prescribed beta-blockers and less likely to be prescribed aldosterone receptor antagonists and hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (96%, 14%, and 5%, respectively) compared to participants discharged home (81%, 22%, and 23%, respectively). The percentages of participants discharged to long-term care and home who had claims for filled prescriptions were similar for beta-blockers (68% versus 66%) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) (45% versus 47%) after 1 year. Smaller percentages of participants discharged to long-term care had claims for filled prescriptions of other medications compared to participants discharged home (diuretics: long-term care-50%, home-72%; hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate: long-term care-5%, home-23%; aldosterone receptor antagonists: long-term care-5%, home-23%). CONCLUSIONS Differences in medication prescriptions and fills among individuals with HFrEF discharged to long-term care versus home may reflect prioritization of some medical therapies over others for patients in long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Levitan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, RPHB 220, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
| | | | - Ligong Chen
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Todd M Brown
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J David Rhodes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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28
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Gelfman LP, Kavalieratos D, Teuteberg WG, Lala A, Goldstein NE. Primary palliative care for heart failure: what is it? How do we implement it? Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:611-620. [PMID: 28281018 PMCID: PMC5591756 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive illness, which affects a growing number of adults, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, as well as significant physical and psychological symptom burden on both patients with HF and their families. Palliative care is the multidisciplinary specialty focused on optimizing quality of life and reducing suffering for patients and families facing serious illness, regardless of prognosis. Palliative care can be delivered as (1) specialist palliative care in which a palliative care specialist with subspecialty palliative care training consults or co-manages patients to address palliative needs alongside clinicians who manage the underlying illness or (2) as primary palliative care in which the primary clinician (such as the internist, cardiologist, cardiology nurse, or HF specialist) caring for the patient with HF provides the essential palliative domains. In this paper, we describe the key domains of primary palliative care for patients with HF and offer some specific ways in which primary palliative care and specialist palliative care can be offered in this population. Although there is little research on HF primary palliative care, primary palliative care in HF offers a key opportunity to ensure that this population receives high-quality palliative care in spite of the growing numbers of patients with HF as well as the limited number of specialist palliative care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Gelfman
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1070, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Dio Kavalieratos
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Winifred G Teuteberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Lala
- Divisions of Cardiology and Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan E Goldstein
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1070, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Forestieri P, Bolzan DW, Santos VB, Moreira RSL, de Almeida DR, Trimer R, de Souza Brito F, Borghi-Silva A, de Camargo Carvalho AC, Arena R, Gomes WJ, Guizilini S. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves exercise tolerance in patients with advanced heart failure on continuous intravenous inotropic support use-randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2017. [PMID: 28633534 DOI: 10.1177/0269215517715762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a short-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation program on exercise tolerance in hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure who have suffered an acute decompensation and are under continuous intravenous inotropic support. DESIGN A randomized controlled study. SUBJECTS Initially, 195 patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure were recruited, but 70 were randomized. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized into two groups: control group subject to the usual care ( n = 35); neuromuscular electrical stimulation group ( n = 35) received daily training sessions to both lower extremities for around two weeks. MAIN MEASURES The baseline 6-minute walk test to determine functional capacity was performed 24 hours after hospital admission, and intravenous inotropic support dose was daily checked in all patients. The outcomes were measured in two weeks or at the discharge if the patients were sent back home earlier than two weeks. RESULTS After losses of follow-up, a total of 49 patients were included and considered for final analysis (control group, n = 25 and neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, n = 24). The neuromuscular electrical stimulation group presented with a higher 6-minute walk test distance compared to the control group after the study protocol (293 ± 34.78 m vs. 265.8 ± 48.53 m, P < 0.001, respectively). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation group also demonstrated a significantly higher dose reduction of dobutamine compared to control group after the study protocol (2.72 ± 1.72 µg/kg/min vs. 3.86 ± 1.61 µg/kg/min, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION A short-term inpatient neuromuscular electrical stimulation rehabilitation protocol improved exercise tolerance and reduced intravenous inotropic support necessity in patients with advanced heart failure suffering a decompensation episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Forestieri
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas W Bolzan
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B Santos
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Simone Lopes Moreira
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Rodrigues de Almeida
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Trimer
- 2 Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Souza Brito
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- 2 Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Ross Arena
- 3 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter J Gomes
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Guizilini
- 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Sao Paulo Hospital, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,4 Department of Human Motion Sciences, Physiotherapy School, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ahmadian M, Roshan VD, Aslani E, Stannard SR. Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 11:185-194. [PMID: 28580833 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717711138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of supplemental taurine prior to and following incremental exercise in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Patients with HF and left ventricle ejection fraction less than 50%, and placed in functional class II or III according to the New York Heart Association classification, were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) taurine supplementation; or (2) placebo. The taurine group received oral taurine (500 mg) 3 times a day for 2 weeks, and performed exercise before and after the supplementation period. The placebo group followed the same protocol, but with a starch supplement (500 mg) rather than taurine. The incremental multilevel treadmill test was done using a modified Bruce protocol. RESULTS Our results indicate that inflammatory indices [C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets] decreased in the taurine group in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation ( p < 0.05) whereas these indices increased in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation in the placebo group ( p < 0.05). Our results also show that atherogenic indices [Castelli's Risk Index-I (CRI-I), Castelli's Risk Index-II (CRI-II) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC)] decreased in the taurine group in pre-exercise, post-supplementation and post-exercise, post-supplementation as compared with pre-exercise, pre-supplementation ( p < 0.05). No such changes were noted in the placebo group ( p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS our results suggest that 2 weeks of oral taurine supplementation increases the taurine levels and has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects prior to and following incremental exercise in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadian
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran (UMZ), Babolsar, Iran
| | - Elaheh Aslani
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gelfman LP, Bakitas M, Warner Stevenson L, Kirkpatrick JN, Goldstein NE. The State of the Science on Integrating Palliative Care in Heart Failure. J Palliat Med 2017; 20:592-603. [PMID: 29493362 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive illness associated with physical and psychological burdens, high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Palliative care is interdisciplinary care that aims to relieve suffering and improve quality of life for persons with serious illness and their families. It is offered simultaneously with disease-oriented care, unlike hospice or end-of-life care. Despite the demonstrated benefits of palliative care in other populations, evidence for palliative care in the HF population is limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to describe the current evidence and the gaps in the evidence that will need to be improved to demonstrate the benefits of integrating palliative care into the care of patients with advanced HF and their family caregivers. METHODS We reviewed the literature to examine the state of the science and to identify gaps in palliative care integration for persons with HF and their families. We then convened an interdisciplinary working group at an NIH/NPCRC sponsored workshop to review the evidence base and develop a research agenda to address these gaps. RESULTS We identified four key research priorities to improve palliative care for patients with HF and their families: (1) to better understand patients' uncontrolled symptoms, (2) to better characterize and address the needs of the caregivers of advanced HF patients, (3) to improve patient and family understanding of HF disease trajectory and the importance of advance care planning, and (4) to determine the best models of palliative care, including models for those who want to continue life-prolonging therapies. CONCLUSIONS The goal of this research agenda is to motivate patient, provider, policy, and payor stakeholders, including funders, to identify the key research topics that have the potential to improve the quality of care for patients with HF and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Gelfman
- 1 Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York.,2 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center , Bronx, New York
| | - Marie Bakitas
- 3 School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lynne Warner Stevenson
- 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James N Kirkpatrick
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, Washington
| | - Nathan E Goldstein
- 1 Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York.,2 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center , Bronx, New York
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Hill E, Taylor J. Chronic Heart Failure Care Planning: Considerations in Older Patients. Card Fail Rev 2017; 3:46-51. [PMID: 28785475 PMCID: PMC5494157 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2016:15:2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, it is estimated that more than 10 % of adults aged over 70 years have heart failure (HF). Despite therapeutic advances, it remains a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is one of the commonest causes of unscheduled hospital admissions in older adults and data consistently show a lower uptake of evidence-based investigations and therapies as well as higher rates of HF hospitalisations and mortality than in younger adults. These rates are highest amongst patients discharged to 'skilled nursing facilities', where comorbidities, frailty and cognitive impairment are common and have a significant impact on outcomes. In this review, we examine current guidance and its limitations and offer a pragmatic approach to management of HF in this elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh Hill
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jackie Taylor
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Manemann SM, Chamberlain AM, Boyd CM, Weston SA, Killian J, Leibson CL, Cheville A, St Sauver J, Dunlay SM, Jiang R, Roger VL. Skilled Nursing Facility Use and Hospitalizations in Heart Failure: A Community Linkage Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:S0025-6196(17)30087-3. [PMID: 28365097 PMCID: PMC5597448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of skilled nursing facility (SNF) use on hospitalizations in patients with heart failure (HF) and to examine predictors of hospitalization in patients with HF admitted to a SNF. PATIENTS AND METHODS Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with first-ever HF from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010, were identified, and clinical data were linked to SNF utilization data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Andersen-Gill models were used to determine the association between SNF use and hospitalizations and to determine predictors of hospitalization. RESULTS Of 1498 patients with incident HF (mean ± SD age, 75±14 years; 45% male), 605 (40.4%) were admitted to a SNF after HF diagnosis (median follow-up, 3.6 years; range, 0-13.0 years). Of those with a SNF admission, 225 (37%) had 2 or more admissions. After adjustment for age, sex, ejection fraction, and comorbidities, SNF use was associated with a 50% increased risk of hospitalization compared with no SNF use (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31-1.76). In SNF users, arrhythmia, asthma, chronic kidney disease, and the number of activities of daily living requiring assistance were independently associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. CONCLUSION Approximately 40% of patients with HF were admitted to a SNF at some point after diagnosis. Compared with SNF nonusers, SNF users were more likely to be hospitalized. Characteristics associated with hospitalization in SNF users were mostly noncardiovascular, including reduced ability to perform activities of daily living. These findings underscore the effect of physical functioning on hospitalizations in patients with HF in SNFs and the importance of strategies to improve physical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia M Boyd
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan A Weston
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jill Killian
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Andrea Cheville
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Shannon M Dunlay
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ruoxiang Jiang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Véronique L Roger
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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34
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Denfeld QE, Winters-Stone K, Mudd JO, Gelow JM, Kurdi S, Lee CS. The prevalence of frailty in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:283-289. [PMID: 28215466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in the intersection of heart failure (HF) and frailty; however, estimates of the prevalence of frailty in HF vary widely. The purpose of this paper was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in HF and to examine the relationship between study characteristics (i.e. age and functional class) and the prevalence of frailty in HF. METHODS The prevalence of frailty in HF, divided into Physical Frailty and Multidimensional Frailty measures, was synthesized across published studies using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions approach. Meta-regression was performed to examine the influence of age and functional class (at the level of the study) on the prevalence of frailty. RESULTS A total of 26 studies involving 6896 patients with HF were included in this meta-analysis. Despite considerable differences across studies, the overall estimated prevalence of frailty in HF was 44.5% (95% confidence interval, 36.2%-52.8%; z=10.54; p<0.001). The prevalence was slightly lower among studies using Physical Frailty measures (42.9%, z=9.05; p<0.001) and slightly higher among studies using Multidimensional Frailty measures (47.4%, z=5.66; p<0.001). There were no significant relationships between study age or functional class and prevalence of frailty. CONCLUSIONS Frailty affects almost half of patients with HF and is not necessarily a function of age or functional classification. Future work should focus on standardizing the measurement of frailty and on broadening the view of frailty beyond a strictly geriatric syndrome in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin E Denfeld
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Kerri Winters-Stone
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James O Mudd
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jill M Gelow
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sawsan Kurdi
- The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher S Lee
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
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Heart Failure: Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Who, When, and How Intense? Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:S382-S387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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36
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Comín-Colet J, Enjuanes C, Lupón J, Cainzos-Achirica M, Badosa N, Verdú JM. Transiciones de cuidados entre insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y crónica: pasos críticos en el diseño de un modelo de atención multidisciplinaria para la prevención de la hospitalización recurrente. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comín-Colet J, Enjuanes C, Lupón J, Cainzos-Achirica M, Badosa N, Verdú JM. Transitions of Care Between Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: Critical Steps in the Design of a Multidisciplinary Care Model for the Prevention of Rehospitalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:951-961. [PMID: 27282437 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of heart failure, mortality, the number of readmissions, and their associated health care costs are very high. Heart failure care models inspired by the chronic care model, also known as heart failure programs or heart failure units, have shown clinical benefits in high-risk patients. However, while traditional heart failure units have focused on patients detected in the outpatient phase, the increasing pressure from hospital admissions is shifting the focus of interest toward multidisciplinary programs that concentrate on transitions of care, particularly between the acute phase and the postdischarge phase. These new integrated care models for heart failure revolve around interventions at the time of transitions of care. They are multidisciplinary and patient-centered, designed to ensure continuity of care, and have been demonstrated to reduce potentially avoidable hospital admissions. Key components of these models are early intervention during the inpatient phase, discharge planning, early postdischarge review and structured follow-up, advanced transition planning, and the involvement of physicians and nurses specialized in heart failure. It is hoped that such models will be progressively implemented across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Comín-Colet
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Atención a la Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Área Integral de Salud Barcelona Litoral Mar, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades del Corazón, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Enjuanes
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Atención a la Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Área Integral de Salud Barcelona Litoral Mar, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades del Corazón, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Neus Badosa
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Atención a la Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Área Integral de Salud Barcelona Litoral Mar, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades del Corazón, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Verdú
- Programa Integrado de Atención a la Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Área Integral de Salud Barcelona Litoral Mar, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades del Corazón, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Atención Primaria Sant Martí de Provençals, Instituto Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de investigación de Atención Primaria Jordi Gol, Instituto Catalán de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain
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Hospital Readmission Following Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation for Older Adults With Debility. Phys Ther 2016; 96:241-51. [PMID: 26637650 PMCID: PMC4752681 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debility accounts for 10% of inpatient rehabilitation cases among Medicare beneficiaries. Debility has the highest 30-day readmission rate among 6 impairment groups most commonly admitted to inpatient rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine rates, temporal distribution, and factors associated with hospital readmission for patients with debility up to 90 days following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was conducted using records for 45,424 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with debility discharged to community from 1,199 facilities during 2006-2009. METHODS Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for readmission. Schoenfeld residuals were examined to identify covariate-time interactions. Factor-time interactions were included in the full model for Functional Independence Measure (FIM) discharge motor functional status, comorbidity tier, and chronic pulmonary disease. Most prevalent reasons for readmission were summarized by Medicare severity diagnosis related groups. RESULTS Hospital readmission rates for patients with debility were 19% for 30 days and 34% for 90 days. The highest readmission count occurred on day 3 after discharge, and 56% of readmissions occurred within 30 days. A higher FIM discharge motor rating was associated with lower hazard for readmissions prior to 60 days (30-day hazard ratio=0.987; 95% confidence interval=0.986, 0.989). Comorbidities with hazard ratios >1.0 included comorbidity tier and 11 Elixhauser conditions, 3 of which (heart failure, renal failure, and chronic pulmonary disease) were among the most prevalent reasons for readmission. LIMITATIONS Analysis of Medicare data permitted only use of variables reported for administrative purposes. Comorbidity data were analyzed only for inpatient diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS One-third of patients were readmitted to acute hospitals within 90 days following rehabilitation for debility. Protective effect of greater motor function was diminished by 60 days after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.
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Arena R, Lavie CJ, Borghi-Silva A, Daugherty J, Bond S, Phillips SA, Guazzi M. Exercise Training in Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension: Which Intensity and What Modality. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 59:87-94. [PMID: 26569571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left-sided heart disease (LSHD) is a common and disconcerting occurrence. For example, both heart failure (HF) with preserved and reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF) often lead to PH as a consequence of a chronic elevation in left atrial filling pressure. A wealth of literature demonstrates the value of exercise training (ET) in patients with LSHD, which is particularly robust in patients with HFrEF and growing in patients with HFpEF. While the effects of ET have not been specifically explored in the LSHD-PH phenotype (i.e., composite pathophysiologic characteristics of patients in this advanced disease state), the overall body of evidence supports clinical application in this subgroup. Moderate intensity aerobic ET significantly improves peak oxygen consumption, quality of life and prognosis in patients with HF. Resistance ET significantly improves muscle strength and endurance in patients with HF, which further enhance functional capacity. When warranted, inspiratory muscle training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are becoming recognized as important components of a comprehensive rehabilitation program. This review will provide a detailed account of ET programing considerations in patients with LSHD with a particular focus on those concomitantly diagnosed with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Daugherty
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Bond
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, University of Milano, San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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Nazir A, Smucker WD. Heart Failure in Post-Acute and Long-Term Care: Evidence and Strategies to Improve Transitions, Clinical Care, and Quality of Life. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:825-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Lampert R. Discussions around goals of care: An ethical imperative. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 26:44-5. [PMID: 26022729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lampert
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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An April Potpourri: Mini Focus Issues, Brief Reports, Podcasts, Biomarkers, Cognition, and More. J Card Fail 2015; 21:261-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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