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Kábelová A, Malínská H, Marková I, Hűttl M, Chylíková B, Šeda O. Quercetin supplementation alters adipose tissue and hepatic transcriptomes and ameliorates adiposity, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in adult male rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952065. [PMID: 36245490 PMCID: PMC9558266 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, exhibits beneficial effects toward abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome. In this study, to further investigate metabolic and transcriptomic responses to quercetin supplementation, we used a genetic model of metabolic syndrome. Adult male rats of the PD/Cub strain were fed either a high-sucrose diet (HSD; control PD rats) or HSD fortified with quercetin (10 g quercetin/kg diet; PD-Q rats). Morphometric and metabolic parameters, along with transcriptomic profiles of the liver and retroperitoneal fat, were assessed. The relative weights of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat were significantly decreased in quercetin-treated animals. Furthermore, a smaller area under the glycemic curve along with a decreased level of fasting insulin were detected in PD-Q rats. While no changes in total cholesterol levels were observed, the overall level of triglycerides decreased in the serum and the liver of the PD-Q rats. The transcriptomic profile of the liver and the adipose tissue corroborated the metabolic and morphometric findings, revealing the pattern consistent with insulin-sensitizing changes, with major regulator nodes being Pparg, Adipoq, Nos2, and Mir378. In conclusion, quercetin supplementation improves abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome, namely adiposity, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Kábelová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malínská
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Marková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Hűttl
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Ondřej Šeda,
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2
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A Review of Vascular Traits and Assessment Techniques, and Their Heritability. Artery Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s44200-022-00016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVarious tools are available to assess atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening, and endothelial function. They offer utility in the assessment of hypertensive phenotypes, in cardiovascular risk prediction, and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We explore the relative influence of participant genetics, with reference to large-scale genomic studies, population-based cohorts, and candidate gene studies. We find heritability estimates highest for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT 35–65%), followed by pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness (26–43%), and flow mediated dilatation as a surrogate for endothelial function (14–39%); data were lacking for peripheral artery tonometry. We furthermore examine genes and polymorphisms relevant to each technique. We conclude that CIMT and pulse wave velocity dominate the existing evidence base, with fewer published genomic linkages for measures of endothelial function. We finally make recommendations regarding planning and reporting of data relating to vascular assessment techniques, particularly when genomic data are also available, to facilitate integration of these tools into cardiovascular disease research.
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3
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Šeda O. Parental overnutrition by carbohydrates in developmental origins of metabolic syndrome. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S585-S596. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
interplay of genomic component and the exposome. Parental diet has been shown to affect offspring metabolic health via multiple epigenetic mechanisms. Excess carbohydrate intake is one of the driving forces of the obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of maternal carbohydrate (fructose, sucrose, glucose) overnutrition on the modulation of metabolic syndrome components in the offspring. Despite substantial discrepancies in experimental design, common effects of maternal carbohydrate overnutrition include increased body weight and hepatic lipid content of the "programmed" offspring. However, the administration of sucrose to several rat models leads to apparently favorable metabolic outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence for the role of genomic background in modulating the metabolic programming effect in the form of nutri-epigenomic interaction. Comprehensive, robust studies are needed to resolve the temporal, sex-specific, genetic, epigenetic and nutritional aspects of parental overnutrition in the intergenerational and transgenerational pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
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4
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Šeda O. Parental overnutrition by carbohydrates in developmental origins of metabolic syndrome. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent disease resulting from an interplay of genomic component and the exposome. Parental diet has been shown to affect offspring metabolic health via multiple epigenetic mechanisms. Excess carbohydrate intake is one of the driving forces of the obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of maternal carbohydrate (fructose, sucrose, glucose) overnutrition on the modulation of metabolic syndrome components in the offspring. Despite substantial discrepancies in experimental design, common effects of maternal carbohydrate overnutrition include increased body weight and hepatic lipid content of the "programmed" offspring. However, the administration of sucrose to several rat models leads to apparently favorable metabolic outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence for the role of genomic background in modulating the metabolic programming effect in the form of nutri-epigenomic interaction. Comprehensive, robust studies are needed to resolve the temporal, sex-specific, genetic, epigenetic and nutritional aspects of parental overnutrition in the intergenerational and transgenerational pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Kábelová A, Malínská H, Marková I, Oliyarnyk O, Chylíková B, Šeda O. Ellagic Acid Affects Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profiles and Attenuates Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030804. [PMID: 33671116 PMCID: PMC8001306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid, a natural substance found in various fruits and nuts, was previously shown to exhibit beneficial effects towards metabolic syndrome. In this study, using a genetic rat model of metabolic syndrome, we aimed to further specify metabolic and transcriptomic responses to ellagic acid treatment. Adult male rats of the SHR-Zbtb16Lx/k.o. strain were fed a high-fat diet accompanied by daily intragastric gavage of ellagic acid (50 mg/kg body weight; high-fat diet–ellagic acid (HFD-EA) rats) or vehicle only (high-fat diet–control (HFD-CTL) rats). Morphometric and metabolic parameters, along with transcriptomic profile of liver and brown and epididymal adipose tissues, were assessed. HFD-EA rats showed higher relative weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and decreased weight of epididymal adipose tissue, although no change in total body weight was observed. Glucose area under the curve, serum insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as the level of oxidative stress, were significantly lower in HFD-EA rats. The most differentially expressed transcripts reflecting the shift induced by ellagic acid were detected in BAT, showing downregulation of BAT activation markers Dio2 and Nr4a1 and upregulation of insulin-sensitizing gene Pla2g2a. Ellagic acid may provide a useful nutritional supplement to ameliorate features of metabolic syndrome, possibly by suppressing oxidative stress and its effects on brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Kábelová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-968-180
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6
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Školníková E, Šedová L, Chylíková B, Kábelová A, Liška F, Šeda O. Maternal High-Sucrose Diet Affects Phenotype Outcome in Adult Male Offspring: Role of Zbtb16. Front Genet 2020; 11:529421. [PMID: 33061941 PMCID: PMC7518089 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.529421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition in pregnancy and lactation affects fetal and early postnatal development, which can result in metabolic disorders in adulthood. We tested a hypothesis that variation of the Zbtb16 gene, a significant energy metabolism regulator, modulates the effect of maternal high-sucrose diet (HSD) on metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of the offspring. We used the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain and a minimal congenic rat strain SHR-Zbtb16, carrying the Zbtb16 gene allele originating from the PD/Cub rat, a metabolic syndrome model. Sixteen-week-old SHR and SHR-Zbtb16 rat dams were fed either standard diet (control groups) or a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 70% calories as sucrose) during pregnancy and 4 weeks of lactation. In dams of both strains, we observed an HSD-induced increase of cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in VLDL particles and a decrease of cholesterol and triacylglycerols content in medium to very small LDL particles. In male offspring, exposure to maternal HSD substantially increased brown fat weight in both strains, decreased triglycerides in LDL particles, and impaired glucose tolerance exclusively in SHR. The transcriptome assessment revealed networks of transcripts reflecting the shifts induced by maternal HSD with major nodes including mir-126, Hsd11b1 in the brown adipose tissue, Pcsk9, Nr0b2 in the liver and Hsd11b1, Slc2a4 in white adipose tissue. In summary, maternal HSD feeding during pregnancy and lactation affected brown fat deposition and lipid metabolism in adult male offspring and induced major transcriptome shifts in liver, white, and brown adipose tissues. The Zbtb16 variation present in the SHR-Zbtb16 led to several strain-specific effects of the maternal HSD, particularly the transcriptomic profile shifts of the adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Školníková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adéla Kábelová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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7
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Leskanicova A, Chovancova O, Babincak M, Verboova L, Benetinova Z, Macekova D, Kostolny J, Smajda B, Kiskova T. Sexual Dimorphism in Energy Metabolism of Wistar Rats Using Data Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102353. [PMID: 32443550 PMCID: PMC7287681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of some chronic diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders, differs between sexes. Animal models provide an important tool to adopt potential therapies from preclinical studies to humans. Laboratory rats are the most popular animals in toxicology, neurobehavioral, or cancer research. Our study aimed to reveal the basic differences in blood metabolome (amino acids, biogenic amines, and acylcarnitines) of the adult male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) Wistar rats. Partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and a variance im portance in projection (VIP) score was used to identify the key sex-specific metabolites. All groups of metabolites, as the main markers of energy metabolism, showed a significant sex-dependent pattern. The most important features calculated in PLS-DA according to VIP score were free carnitine (C0), tyrosine (Tyr), and acylcarnitine C5-OH. While aromatic amino acids, such as Tyr and phenylalanine (Phe), were significantly elevated in the blood plasma of males, tryptophan (Trp) was found in higher levels in the blood plasma of females. Besides, significant sex-related changes in urea cycle were found. Our study provides an important insight into sex-specific differences in energy metabolism in rats and indicates that further studies should consider sex as the main aspect in design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Olga Chovancova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Marian Babincak
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Verboova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Benetinova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Denisa Macekova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jozef Kostolny
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Benadik Smajda
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
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8
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Hu J, Zhu H, Xu G, Chen Z, Li L, Wang S, Deng H, Bao X, Shen Z. Significant association between DHFR promoter methylation and ischemic stroke in a Chinese hypertensive population. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23322. [PMID: 32319147 PMCID: PMC7439332 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective DHFR encodes dihydrofolate reductase, a major enzyme in the metabolism of folate, and is a candidate gene for ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between DHFR promoter methylation and IS in a Chinese population with primary hypertension. Methods Quantitative methylation‐specific PCR was used to measure the level of DHFR promoter methylation. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between DHFR promoter methylation and IS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of DHFR promoter methylation for IS. Results The level of methylation of the DHFR promoter in the IS group was significantly lower than that in the hypertensive group (median [interquartile range]: 9.11 [2.81‐16.20] vs 24.94 [7.16‐56.45], P < .001). DHFR promoter methylation and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were both related to IS, with an ORs (95% CI) of 0.976 (0.967‐0.984) and 1.057 (1.027‐1.108), respectively. The areas under the curve for the diagnosis of DHFR promoter hypomethylation in IS were 0.603 (95% CI, 0.527‐0.678) in men and 0.754 (95% CI, 0.693‐0.815) in women. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that the target sequence in the DHFR promoter upregulated gene expression. Conclusion There is a significant association between methylation of the DHFR promoter and IS in this Chinese hypertensive population. Hypomethylation of the DHFR promoter may serve as a novel marker for the diagnosis of IS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcen Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Medical Record Statistics Room, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Lian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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9
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Yang W, Warrington NM, Taylor SJ, Whitmire P, Carrasco E, Singleton KW, Wu N, Lathia JD, Berens ME, Kim AH, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Swanson KR, Luo J, Rubin JB. Sex differences in GBM revealed by analysis of patient imaging, transcriptome, and survival data. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/473/eaao5253. [PMID: 30602536 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the incidence and outcome of human disease are broadly recognized but, in most cases, not sufficiently understood to enable sex-specific approaches to treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, provides a case in point. Despite well-established differences in incidence and emerging indications of differences in outcome, there are few insights that distinguish male and female GBM at the molecular level or allow specific targeting of these biological differences. Here, using a quantitative imaging-based measure of response, we found that standard therapy is more effective in female compared with male patients with GBM. We then applied a computational algorithm to linked GBM transcriptome and outcome data and identified sex-specific molecular subtypes of GBM in which cell cycle and integrin signaling are the critical determinants of survival for male and female patients, respectively. The clinical relevance of cell cycle and integrin signaling pathway signatures was further established through correlations between gene expression and in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity in a panel of male and female patient-derived GBM cell lines. Together, these results suggest that greater precision in GBM molecular subtyping can be achieved through sex-specific analyses and that improved outcomes for all patients might be accomplished by tailoring treatment to sex differences in molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara J Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paula Whitmire
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Eduardo Carrasco
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Kyle W Singleton
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Ningying Wu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195, USA
| | | | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.,School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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10
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Kolifarhood G, Daneshpour MS, Khayat BS, Saadati HM, Guity K, Khosravi N, Akbarzadeh M, Sabour S. Generality of genomic findings on blood pressure traits and its usefulness in precision medicine in diverse populations: A systematic review. Clin Genet 2019; 96:17-27. [PMID: 30820929 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on blood pressure (BP) traits have made new insights for developing precision medicine toward more effective screening measures. However, generality of GWAS findings in diverse populations is hampered by some technical limitations. There is no comprehensive study to evaluate source(s) of the non-generality of GWAS results on BP traits, so to fill the gap, this systematic review study was carried out. Using MeSH terms, 1545 records were detected through searching in five databases and 49 relevant full-text articles were included in our review. Overall, 749 unique variants were reported, of those, majority of variants have been detected in Europeans and were associated to systolic and diastolic BP traits. Frequency of genetic variants with same position was low in European and non-European populations (n = 38). However, more than 200 (>25%) single nucleotide polymorphisms were found on same loci or linkage disequilibrium blocks (r2 ≥ 80%). Investigating for locus position and linkage disequilibrium of infrequent unique variants showed modest to high reproducibility of findings in Europeans that in some extent was generalizable in other populations. Beyond theoretical limitations, our study addressed other possible sources of non-generality of GWAS findings for BP traits in the same and different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodarz Kolifarhood
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh S Khayat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein M Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Guity
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Krupková M, Liška F, Kazdová L, Šedová L, Kábelová A, Křenová D, Křen V, Šeda O. Single-Gene Congenic Strain Reveals the Effect of Zbtb16 on Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:185. [PMID: 29731739 PMCID: PMC5919955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent therapeutic agents frequently used for treatment of number of conditions, including hematologic, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. Both their therapeutic and adverse effects display significant interindividual variation, partially attributable to genetic factors. We have previously isolated a seven-gene region of rat chromosome 8 sensitizing to dexamethasone (DEX)-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR) of skeletal muscle. Using two newly derived congenic strains, we aimed to investigate the effect of one of the prime candidates for this pharmacogenetic interaction, the Zbtb16 gene. METHODS Adult male rats of SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 (n = 9) and SHR-Lx.PD5SHR-Zbtb16 (n = 8) were fed standard diet (STD) and subsequently treated with DEX in drinking water (2.6 µg/ml) for 3 days. The morphometric and metabolic profiles of both strains including oral glucose tolerance test, triacylglycerols (TGs), free fatty acids, insulin, and C-reactive protein levels were assessed before and after the DEX treatment. Insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue was determined by incorporation of radioactively labeled glucose. RESULTS The differential segment of SHR-Lx.PD5SHR-Zbtb16 rat strain spans 563 kb and contains six genes: Htr3a, Htr3b, Usp28, Zw10, Tmprss5, and part of Drd2. The SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 minimal congenic strain contains only Zbtb16 gene on SHR genomic background and its differential segment spans 254 kb. Total body weight was significantly increased in SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 strain compared with SHR-Lx.PD5SHR-Zbtb16 , however, no differences in the weights of adipose tissue depots were observed. While STD-fed rats of both strains did not show major differences in their metabolic profiles, after DEX treatment the SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 congenic strain showed increased levels of TGs, glucose, and blunted inhibition of lipolysis by insulin. Both basal and insulin-stimulated incorporation of radioactively labeled glucose into skeletal muscle glycogen were significantly reduced in SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 strain, but the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue was comparable between the two strains. CONCLUSION The metabolic disturbances including impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and IR of skeletal muscle observed after DEX treatment in the congenic SHR-Lx.PD5PD-Zbtb16 reveal the Zbtb16 locus as a possible sensitizing factor for side effects of GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Krupková
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Liška
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Šedová
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vestec, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adéla Kábelová
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Drahomíra Křenová
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Křen
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, The General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Ondřej Šeda,
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12
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BENDLOVÁ B, VAŇKOVÁ M, HILL M, VACÍNOVÁ G, LUKÁŠOVÁ P, VEJRAŽKOVÁ D, ŠEDOVÁ L, ŠEDA O, VČELÁK J. ZBTB16 Gene Variability Influences Obesity-Related Parameters and Serum Lipid Levels in Czech Adults. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S425-S431. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The data derived from rat models and the preliminary results of human studies provide strong indices of involvement of common ZBTB16 variants in a range of cardiovascular and metabolic traits. This cross-sectional study in the Caucasian cohort of 1517 Czech adults aimed to verify the hypothesis that ZBTB16 gene variation directly affects obesity and serum lipid levels. Genotyping of nine polymorphisms of the ZBTB16 gene (rs11214863, rs593731, rs763857, rs2846027, rs681200, rs686989, rs661223, rs675044, rs567057) was performed. A multivariate bidirectional regression with the reduction of dimensionality (O2PLS model) revealed relationships between basal lipid levels and anthropometric parameters and some minor ZBTB16 alleles. In men, the predictors – age and presence of minor ZBTB16 alleles of rs686989, rs661223, rs675044, rs567057 – were associated with significantly higher body mass index, waist to hip ratio, body adiposity index, waist and abdominal circumferences, higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and explained 20 % of variability of these variables. In women, the predictors – age and presence of the rs686989 minor T allele – were also associated with increased anthropometric parameters and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol but the obtained O2PLS model explained only 7.8 % of the variability of the explained variables. Our study confirmed that the selected gene variants of the transcription factor ZBTB16 influence the obesity-related parameters and lipid levels. This effect was more pronounced in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. BENDLOVÁ
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Wang Y, Hamet P, Thorin E, Tremblay J, Raelson J, Wu Z, Luo H, Jin W, Lavoie JL, Peng J, Marois-Blanchet FC, Tahir MR, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Harrap S, Qi S, Li CY, Wu J. Reduced blood pressure after smooth muscle EFNB2 deletion and the potential association of EFNB2 mutation with human hypertension risk. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1817-1825. [PMID: 27530629 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin B2 (EFNB2) is a ligand for erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular kinases (EPH), the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. It has critical functions in many biological systems, but is not known to regulate blood pressure. We generated mice with a smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific deletion of EFNB2 and investigated its roles in blood pressure regulation and vascular SMC (VSMC) contractility. Male Efnb2 knockout (KO) mice presented reduced blood pressure, whereas female KO mice had no such reduction. Both forward signaling from EFNB2 to EPHs and reverse signaling from EPHs to EFNB2 were involved in regulating VSMC contractility, with EPHB4 serving as a critical molecule for forward signaling, based on crosslinking studies. We also found that a region from aa 313 to aa 331 in the intracellular tail of EFNB2 was essential for reverse signaling regulating VSMC contractility, based on deletion mutation studies. In a human genetic study, we identified five SNPs in the 3' region of the EFNB2 gene, which were in linkage disequilibrium and were significantly associated with hypertension for male but not female subjects, consistent with our findings in mice. The coding (minor) alleles of these five SNPs were protective in males. We have thus discovered a previously unknown blood pressure-lowering mechanism mediated by EFNB2 and identified EFNB2 as a gene associated with hypertension risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal and Université Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Raelson
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,PGX-Services, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zenghui Wu
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wei Jin
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie L Lavoie
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Junzheng Peng
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Ramzan Tahir
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Chalmers
- Department of Biostatistics, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- Department of Biostatistics, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shijie Qi
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Yibin Li
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Simon PHG, Sylvestre MP, Tremblay J, Hamet P. Key Considerations and Methods in the Study of Gene-Environment Interactions. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:891-9. [PMID: 27037711 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased involvement of genetic data in most epidemiological investigations, gene-environment (G × E) interactions now stand as a topic, which must be meticulously assessed and thoroughly understood. The level, mode, and outcomes of interactions between environmental factors and genetic traits have the capacity to modulate disease risk. These must, therefore, be carefully evaluated as they have the potential to offer novel insights on the "missing heritability problem", reaching beyond our current limitations. First, we review a definition of G × E interactions. We then explore how concepts such as the early manifestation of the genetic components of a disease, the heterogeneity of complex traits, the clear definition of epidemiological strata, and the effect of varying physiological conditions can affect our capacity to detect (or miss) G × E interactions. Lastly, we discuss the shortfalls of regression models to study G × E interactions and how other methods such as the ReliefF algorithm, pattern recognition methods, or the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method can enable us to more adequately model G × E interactions. Overall, we present the elements to consider and a path to follow when studying genetic determinants of disease in order to uncover potential G × E interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H G Simon
- CHUM Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- CHUM Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- CHUM Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- CHUM Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Šedová L, Pravenec M, Křenová D, Kazdová L, Zídek V, Krupková M, Liška F, Křen V, Šeda O. Isolation of a Genomic Region Affecting Most Components of Metabolic Syndrome in a Chromosome-16 Congenic Rat Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152708. [PMID: 27031336 PMCID: PMC4816345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent human disease with substantial genomic and environmental components. Previous studies indicate the presence of significant genetic determinants of several features of metabolic syndrome on rat chromosome 16 (RNO16) and the syntenic regions of human genome. We derived the SHR.BN16 congenic strain by introgression of a limited RNO16 region from the Brown Norway congenic strain (BN-Lx) into the genomic background of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain. We compared the morphometric, metabolic, and hemodynamic profiles of adult male SHR and SHR.BN16 rats. We also compared in silico the DNA sequences for the differential segment in the BN-Lx and SHR parental strains. SHR.BN16 congenic rats had significantly lower weight, decreased concentrations of total triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance compared with SHR rats. The concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids, and adiponectin were comparable between the two strains. SHR.BN16 rats had significantly lower systolic (18-28 mmHg difference) and diastolic (10-15 mmHg difference) blood pressure throughout the experiment (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001). The differential segment spans approximately 22 Mb of the telomeric part of the short arm of RNO16. The in silico analyses revealed over 1200 DNA variants between the BN-Lx and SHR genomes in the SHR.BN16 differential segment, 44 of which lead to missense mutations, and only eight of which (in Asb14, Il17rd, Itih1, Syt15, Ercc6, RGD1564958, Tmem161a, and Gatad2a genes) are predicted to be damaging to the protein product. Furthermore, a number of genes within the RNO16 differential segment associated with metabolic syndrome components in human studies showed polymorphisms between SHR and BN-Lx (including Lpl, Nrg3, Pbx4, Cilp2, and Stab1). Our novel congenic rat model demonstrates that a limited genomic region on RNO16 in the SHR significantly affects many of the features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomíra Křenová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Zídek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krupková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Heifetz EM, Birk RZ. MTHFR C677T polymorphism affects normotensive diastolic blood pressure independently of blood lipids. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:387-92. [PMID: 25165067 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism was found to be associated with hypertension. High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, gestational hypertension, and high-risk pregnancy. BP is a complex trait strongly associated with blood lipid parameters. However, studies of the effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on BP levels independently of blood lipids are scarce. Our objective was to analyze and quantify the effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on normotensive BP independently of blood lipids. METHODS MTHFR C677T genotyping was done for 151 Israeli women attending the genetics clinic at Soroka Medical Center. Biochemical (blood lipids) and BP data were extracted from Soroka Medical Center records. BP was regarded as a continuous parameter using analysis of covariance and post hoc Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) analysis. RESULTS The frequencies of genotypes CC, TT, and CT were 41%, 12%, and 47%, respectively. A significant (P < 0.0001) association was found between genotype and diastolic BP (DBP) when adjusted to body mass index and age. Mean DBP was significantly lower for CC than for TT genotypes (71.2 vs. 78.7 mm Hg); however the difference between the heterozygotes (73.9 mm Hg) and the other 2 genotypes was not significant. Cholesterol, LDLcalc (LDLcalculaed), and homocysteine blood levels significantly contributed to the effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the DBP trait. There was also significant association between genotype and folic acid levels. CONCLUSIONS MTHFR C677T polymorphism significantly affects DBP in Israeli women, independently of blood lipids. Each C to T substitution is associated with a mean 3.4-mm Hg increase in DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu M Heifetz
- Department of Accounting and Data Management, Lev Academic Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Z Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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Huang RC, Garratt ES, Pan H, Wu Y, Davis EA, Barton SJ, Burdge GC, Godfrey KM, Holbrook JD, Lillycrop KA. Genome-wide methylation analysis identifies differentially methylated CpG loci associated with severe obesity in childhood. Epigenetics 2015; 10:995-1005. [PMID: 26646899 PMCID: PMC4844195 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Here we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with childhood obesity. We studied DNA methylation profiles in whole blood from 78 obese children (mean BMI Z-score: 2.6) and 71 age- and sex-matched controls (mean BMI Z-score: 0.1). DNA samples from obese and control groups were pooled and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Comparison of the methylation profiles between obese and control subjects revealed 129 differentially methylated CpG (DMCpG) loci associated with 80 unique genes that had a greater than 10% difference in methylation (P-value < 0.05). The top pathways enriched among the DMCpGs included developmental processes, immune system regulation, regulation of cell signaling, and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. The associations between the methylation of selected DMCpGs with childhood obesity were validated using sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing across loci within the FYN, PIWIL4, and TAOK3 genes in individual subjects. Three CpG loci within FYN were hypermethylated in obese individuals (all P < 0.01), while obesity was associated with lower methylation of CpG loci within PIWIL4 (P = 0.003) and TAOK3 (P = 0.001). After building logistic regression models, we determined that a 1% increase in methylation in TAOK3, multiplicatively decreased the odds of being obese by 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86 - 0.97), and an increase of 1% methylation in FYN CpG3, multiplicatively increased the odds of being obese by 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99 - 1.07). In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that childhood obesity is associated with specific DNA methylation changes in whole blood, which may have utility as biomarkers of obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Huang
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth, Australia
| | - E S Garratt
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - H Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine; Singapore
- School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (NTU); Singapore
| | - Y Wu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine; Singapore
| | - E A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth, Australia
| | - S J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - G C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - J D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); A*STAR; Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine; Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore
| | - K A Lillycrop
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
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PPARD rs2016520 polymorphism and circulating lipid levels connect with brain diseases in Han Chinese and suggest sex-dependent effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 70:7-11. [PMID: 25776471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPARD polymorphisms were shown to be associated with circulating lipoprotein metabolism in various diseases. We aimed to check the contribution of PPARD rs2016520 and lipid concentration to the risk of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and brain tumors (BT) in Han Chinese. A total of 864 participants were included in the case-control study. The melting temperature shift (Tm-shift) method was used for rs2016520 genotyping. Under the recessive model, PPARD rs2016520 was shown to be associated with the risk of ICH (P=0.029, odds ratio (OR)=2.72), specifically in males (P=0.045, OR=3.98). Additionally, we also found that the levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in participants with brain diseases than in the controls (TC: P<0.0001; LDL-C: P<0.0001). Significantly higher HDL-C and lower ApoA-I levels were observed in the male patients with brain diseases (HDL-C: P<0.0001; ApoA-I: P=0.008), in contrast of a higher TG level in female ICH (P=0.023). Subsequent interaction analysis between PPARD rs2016520 and lipoprotein metabolism showed that the LDL-C level was positively correlated with ICH in the rs2016520-AA carriers (P<0.0001), but not in the other genotype carriers (AG or GG, P=0.300). Our results showed that PPARD rs2016520 displayed a strong relationship with ICH risk in the male Han Chinese. The TC and LDL-C levels were positively higher in the patients with brain diseases than in the controls. The levels of TG, HDL-C and ApoA-I were shown to affect brain disease in a gender-dependent model. The genotype rs2016520-AA showed significant interaction with the circulating LDL-C levels in ICH.
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Reynolds MA. Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Haloui M, Tremblay J, Seda O, Koltsova SV, Maksimov GV, Orlov SN, Hamet P. Increased Renal Epithelial Na Channel Expression and Activity Correlate With Elevation of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2013; 62:731-7. [PMID: 23959560 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mounsif Haloui
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Ondrej Seda
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Svetlana V. Koltsova
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
| | - Pavel Hamet
- From the Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technopôle Angus, QC, Canada (M.H., J.T., O.S., S.V.K., S.N.O.); and the Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (G.V.M., S.N.O.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed that the ATP2B1 gene is associated with hypertension not only in people of European origin, but also in Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans. However, ATP2B1 has never been considered to be a candidate gene for essential hypertension. Thus, this review summarizes the findings obtained in GWAS regarding the role of the ATP2B1 gene in essential hypertension, as well as recent suggestions about the mechanisms responsible for the effects of the ATP2B1 gene on calcium homeostasis. We also review the findings of studies involving spontaneously hypertensive rats and tissue-specific ATP2B1 knockout mice examining the effects of ATP2B1 on hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The ATP2B1 gene has been revealed to be a hypertension-susceptibility gene in large-scale GWAS studies. Meta-analysis of the ATP2B1 gene polymorphisms associated with hypertension confirmed that ATP2B1 is significantly associated with hypertension in East Asians. Moreover, vascular smooth muscle cell ATP2B1 knockout mice exhibited high blood pressure in radio telemetry-based experiments. SUMMARY The ATP2B1 gene has been demonstrated to have a strong influence on blood pressure. Detailed analysis of tissue-specific knockout mice is expected to further confirm the role of ATP2B1 in the near future.
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22
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Hoffman MJ, Flister MJ, Nunez L, Xiao B, Greene AS, Jacob HJ, Moreno C. Female-specific hypertension loci on rat chromosome 13. Hypertension 2013; 62:557-63. [PMID: 23817491 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3.7-Mb region of rat chromosome 13 (45.2-49.0 Mb) affects blood pressure (BP) in females only, indicating the presence of sex-specific BP loci in close proximity to the Renin locus. In the present study, we used a series of Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi-13 Brown Norway congenic rat strains to further resolve BP loci within this region. We identified 3 BP loci affecting female rats only, of which the 2 smaller loci (line9BP3 and line9BP4) were functionally characterized by sequence and expression analysis. Compared with SS (SS/HsdMcwiCrl), the presence of a 591-kb region of BN (BN/NHsdMcwi) chromosome 13 (line9BP3) significantly lowered BP by 21 mm Hg on an 8% NaCl diet (153 ± 7 versus 174 ± 5 mm Hg; P<0.001). Unexpectedly, the addition of 23 kb of Brown Norway chromosome 13 (line9BP4) completely erased the female-specific BP protection on 8% NaCl diet, suggesting that BN hypertensive allele(s) reside in this region. The congenic interval of the protective line 9F strain contains 3 genes (Optc, Prelp, and Fmod), and the hypertensive line 9E contains 1 additional gene (Btg2). Sequence analysis of the 2 BP loci revealed a total of 282 intergenic variants, with no coding variants. Analysis of gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed strain- and sex-specific differences in Prelp, Fmod, and Btg2 expression, implicating these as novel candidate genes for female-specific hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hoffman
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Lower ADD1 gene promoter DNA methylation increases the risk of essential hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63455. [PMID: 23691048 PMCID: PMC3655193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of our study is to investigate the contribution of promoter DNA methylation of α-adducin (ADD1) gene to the risk of essential hypertension (EH). Using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology, DNA methylation levels of five CpG dinucleotides on ADD1 promoter were measured among 33 EH cases and 28 healthy controls. Significantly higher ADD1 DNA methylation levels were observed in the females than in the males (CpG1: P = 0.016; CpG2-5: P = 0.021). A breakdown analysis by gender showed that lower CpG1 methylation was associated with an increased risk of EH in females (adjusted P = 0.042). A much more significant association between lower CpG2-5 methylation levels and the increased risk of EH was found in males (adjusted P = 0.008). CpG1 methylation was inversely correlated with age in females (r = -0.407, P = 0.019) but not in males. ADD1 CpG1 and CpG2-5 methylation levels were significantly lower in post-menopausal (>50 years) women than pre-menopausal (≤50 years) women (CpG1: P = 0.006; CpG2-5: P = 0.034). A significant interaction between CpG1 methylation and age was found in females (CpG1*age: P = 0.029). CpG2-5 methylation was shown as a significant predictor of EH in males [area under curve (AUC) = 0.855, P = 0.001], in contrast that CpG1 methylation was a trend toward indicator in females (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.054). In addition, significant differences were observed between males and females for alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.005) and uric acid (P<0.001). The concentration of AST was inversely correlated with ADD1 CpG2-5 methylation levels in female controls (r = -0.644, P = 0.024). These observations may bring new hints to elaborate the pathogenesis of EH.
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24
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Hochner-Celnikier D, Chajek-Shaul T, Manor O. Sex differences in risk factors for coronary artery disease and stroke in men and women aged 45-65 years. HEART ASIA 2013; 5:229-32. [PMID: 27326140 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2013-010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke both result from atherosclerosis. Risk factor profiles for CAD and stroke have been reported to differ between middle-aged men and women. OBJECTIVE To compare, for men and women aged 45-65 years, between risk factor profiles for CAD and stroke. METHODS This is a retrospective study based on the medical records of 179 women and 270 men diagnosed with CAD, and 114 women and 190 men diagnosed with stroke, hospitalised in one of two medical centres in Jerusalem. We assessed and compared the number of metabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia) presenting among men and women between the CAD and stroke groups. RESULTS Among patients with CAD, significantly more women than men presented with diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed between genders in the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia among the stroke patients. Hypertension was more prevalent in both men and women among stroke patients than CAD patients. In the stroke group, 29.1% of the women compared with 14.2% of the men presented with the three metabolic risk factors investigated. CONCLUSIONS In a middle-aged population, CAD risk factor profiles differed between genders while stroke risk factor profiles did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hochner-Celnikier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hadassah University Hospitals , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - T Chajek-Shaul
- Department of Internal Medicine , Hadassah University Hospitals , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - O Manor
- School of Public Health, Hadassah University Hospitals , Jerusalem , Israel
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25
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Arenas IA, Tremblay J, Deslauriers B, Sandoval J, Šeda O, Gaudet D, Merlo E, Kotchen T, Cowley AW, Hamet P. Dynamic genetic linkage of intermediate blood pressure phenotypes during postural adaptations in a founder population. Physiol Genomics 2012; 45:138-50. [PMID: 23269701 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a dynamic phenotype that varies rapidly to adjust to changing environmental conditions. Standing upright is a recent evolutionary trait, and genetic factors that influence postural adaptations may contribute to BP variability. We studied the effect of posture on the genetics of BP and intermediate BP phenotypes. We included 384 sib-pairs in 64 sib-ships from families ascertained by early-onset hypertension and dyslipidemia. Blood pressure, three hemodynamic and seven neuroendocrine intermediate BP phenotypes were measured with subjects lying supine and standing upright. The effect of posture on estimates of heritability and genetic covariance was investigated in full pedigrees. Linkage was conducted on 196 candidate genes by sib-pair analyses, and empirical estimates of significance were obtained. A permutation algorithm was implemented to study the postural effect on linkage. ADRA1A, APO, CAST, CORIN, CRHR1, EDNRB, FGF2, GC, GJA1, KCNB2, MMP3, NPY, NR3C2, PLN, TGFBR2, TNFRSF6, and TRHR showed evidence of linkage with any phenotype in the supine position and not upon standing, whereas AKR1B1, CD36, EDNRA, F5, MMP9, PKD2, PON1, PPARG, PPARGC1A, PRKCA, and RET were specifically linked to standing phenotypes. Genetic profiling was undertaken to show genetic interactions among intermediate BP phenotypes and genes specific to each posture. When investigators perform genetic studies exclusively on a single posture, important genetic components of BP are missed. Supine and standing BPs have distinct genetic signatures. Standardized maneuvers influence the results of genetic investigations into BP, thus reflecting its dynamic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Arenas
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Smolock EM, Korshunov VA, Glazko G, Qiu X, Gerloff J, Berk BC. Ribosomal protein L17, RpL17, is an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle growth and carotid intima formation. Circulation 2012; 126:2418-27. [PMID: 23065385 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickening is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in humans. We discovered that intima formation and cell proliferation in response to carotid injury is greater in SJL/J (SJL) in comparison with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H/F) mice. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes contributing to intima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed microarray and bioinformatic analyses of carotid arteries from C3H/F and SJL mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the ribosome pathway was significantly up-regulated in C3H/F in comparison with SJL mice. Expression of a ribosomal protein, RpL17, was >40-fold higher in C3H/F carotids in comparison with SJL. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from C3H/F grew slower in comparison to SJL. To determine the role of RpL17 in vascular smooth muscle cell growth regulation, we analyzed the relationship between RpL17 expression and cell cycle progression. Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from mice, rats, and humans showed that RpL17 expression inversely correlated with growth as shown by decreased cells in S phase and increased cells in G(0)/G(1). To prove that RpL17 acted as a growth inhibitor in vivo, we used pluronic gel delivery of RpL17 small interfering RNA to C3H/F carotid arteries. This resulted in an 8-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells. Furthermore, following partial carotid ligation in SJL mice, RpL17 expression in the intima and media decreased, but the number of proliferating cells increased. CONCLUSIONS RpL17 acts as a vascular smooth muscle cell growth inhibitor (akin to a tumor suppressor) and represents a potential therapeutic target to limit carotid intima-media thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Smolock
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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27
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López S, Buil A, Souto JC, Casademont J, Blangero J, Martinez-Perez A, Fontcuberta J, Lathrop M, Almasy L, Soria JM. Sex-specific regulation of mitochondrial DNA levels: genome-wide linkage analysis to identify quantitative trait loci. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42711. [PMID: 22916149 PMCID: PMC3423410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels have been associated with common diseases in humans. We investigated the genetic mechanism that controls mtDNA levels using genome-wide linkage analyses in families from the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia Project (GAIT). We measure mtDNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR in 386 subjects from 21 extended Spanish families. A variance component linkage method using 485 microsatellites was conducted to evaluate linkage and to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in the control of mtDNA levels. The heritalibility of mtDNA levels was 0.33 (p=1.82e-05). We identified a QTL on Chromosome 2 (LOD=2.21) using all of the subjects, independently on their sex. When females and males were analysed separately, three QTLs were identified. Females showed the same QTL on Chromosome 2 (LOD=3.09), indicating that the QTL identified in the analysis using all of the subjects was a strong female QTL, and another one on Chromosome 3 (LOD=2.67), whereas in males a QTL was identified on Chromosome 1 (LOD=2.81). These QTLs were fine-mapped to find associations with mtDNA levels. The most significant SNP association was for the rs10888838 on Chromosome 1 in males. This SNP mapped to the gene MRPL37, involved in mitochondrial protein translation. The rs2140855 on Chromosome 2 showed association in the analysis using all of the subjects. It was near the gene CMPK2, which encodes a mitochondrial enzyme of the salvage pathway of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific genetic mechanism for the control of mtDNA levels and provide a framework to identify new genes that influence mtDNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia López
- Unit of Genomic of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Unit of Genomic of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Souto
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Haematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casademont
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Population Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angel Martinez-Perez
- Unit of Genomic of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Fontcuberta
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Haematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Population Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jose Manuel Soria
- Unit of Genomic of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Delles C, Padmanabhan S. Genetics and hypertension: is it time to change my practice? Can J Cardiol 2012; 28:296-304. [PMID: 22482397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genotyping technology and in particular a number of large-scale genome-wide association studies have helped to unravel the genetic basis of hypertension. Although our knowledge is still far from being complete it is important to ask how genetic findings could be translated to clinical practice. In a first step we summarize the strategies to dissect the genetics of hypertension from candidate gene studies to genome-wide association studies and recent sequencing experiments. The greatest hope in this context is the development of new drugs that are based on newly discovered pathophysiological principles. We describe examples where significant therapeutic effects are achieved with agents targeting pathways that contribute only small amounts to the genetic variability of a phenotype. There are good reasons to believe that new drugs will be developed based on genetic data in hypertension. We also highlight the potential for pharmacogenetics and risk stratification. The former is not currently supported by a larger body of evidence, but well designed studies are under way. The latter needs to follow the same principles for evaluation of other novel biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and is unlikely to influence clinical practice in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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29
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Genetic mapping of habitual substance use, obesity-related traits, responses to mental and physical stress, and heart rate and blood pressure measurements reveals shared genes that are overrepresented in the neural synapse. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:585-91. [PMID: 22297481 PMCID: PMC3368234 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Links between substance use habits, obesity, stress and the related cardiovascular outcomes can be, in part, because of loci with pleiotropic effects. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed genome-wide mapping in 119 multigenerational families from a population in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region with a known founder effect using 58 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 437 microsatellite markers to identify genetic components of the following factors: habitual alcohol, tobacco and coffee use; response to mental and physical stress; obesity-related traits; and heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measures. Habitual alcohol and/or tobacco users had attenuated HR responses to mental stress compared with non-users, whereas hypertensive individuals had stronger HR and systolic BP responses to mental stress and a higher obesity index than normotensives. Genetic mappings uncovered numerous shared genes among substance use, stress response, obesity and hemodynamic traits, including CAMK4, CNTN4, DLG2, FHIT, GRID2, ITPR2, NOVA1 and PRKCE, forming network of interacting proteins, sharing synaptic function and display higher and patterned expression profiles in brain-related tissues; moreover, pathway analysis of shared genes pointed to long-term potentiation. Subgroup genetic mappings uncovered additional shared synaptic genes, including CAMK4, CNTN5 and DNM3 (hypertension-specific); CNTN4, DNM3, FHIT and ITPR1 (sex-specific), having protein interactions with genes driven from general analysis. In summary, consistent with the observed phenotypic correlations, we found substantial overlap among genomic determinants of these traits in synapse, which supports the notion that the neural synapse may be a shared interface behind substance use, stress, obesity, HR, BP as well as the observed sex- and hypertension-specific genetic differences.
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30
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McEvoy LK, Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, Bergstrom J, Kritz-Silverstein D, Der-Martirosian C, von Mühlen D. Metabolic syndrome and 16-year cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Ann Epidemiol 2012; 22:310-7. [PMID: 22285865 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A longitudinal study of 993 adults (mean 66.8 ± 8.7 years) from the Rancho Bernardo Study. Metabolic syndrome components, defined by 2001 NCEP-ATP III criteria, were measured in 1984-1987. Cognitive function was first assessed in 1988-1992. Cognitive assessments were repeated approximately every 4 years, for a maximum 16-year follow-up. Mixed-effects models examined longitudinal rate of cognitive decline by metabolic syndrome status, controlling for factors plausibly associated with cognitive function (diabetes, inflammation). RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was more common in men than women (14% vs. 9%, p = .01). In women, metabolic syndrome was associated with greater executive function and long-term memory decline. These associations did not differ by inflammatory biomarker levels. Diabetes did not alter the association of metabolic syndrome with long-term recall but modified the association with executive function: metabolic syndrome was associated with accelerated executive function decline in diabetic women only. Metabolic syndrome was not related to rate of decline on any cognitive measure in men. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline, but only in women. Prevention of metabolic syndrome may aid in maintenance of cognitive function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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31
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Kelsey RM, Alpert BS, Dahmer MK, Krushkal J, Quasney MW. Alpha-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in Black adolescents and young adults. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:401-12. [PMID: 22091949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular reactivity to stress and α-adrenergic receptor (α-AR) function may contribute to the development of hypertension. As Black Americans have an increased risk of hypertension, we evaluated associations between α(1A) -AR (Arg492Cys), α(2A) -AR (-1291C/G), and α(2B) -AR (Ins/Del301-303) gene variants and cardiovascular reactivity in 500 normotensive Black youth. Heart rate, preejection period, total peripheral resistance, and blood pressure were measured during cold and psychological stress. The Arg492Cys polymorphism in the α(1A) -AR gene was associated with heart rate reactivity to stress, but the association depended on sex. The -1291C/G promoter polymorphism in the α(2A) -AR gene was associated with vascular reactivity to stress; vasoconstriction increased as a linear function of the number of copies of the variant G allele. Thus, specific associations emerged between genetic variations in α-Ars and cardiovascular reactivity in young Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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32
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Kelsey RM, Alpert BS, Dahmer MK, Krushkal J, Quasney MW. Beta-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in Black adolescents and young adults. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:863-73. [PMID: 20374546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular reactivity to stress and beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) function may contribute to the development of hypertension. As Black Americans have an increased risk of hypertension, we evaluated associations between beta(1)-AR (Arg389Gly) and beta(2)-AR (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu) gene variants and cardiovascular reactivity in 500 Black youth. Heart rate, preejection period, total peripheral resistance, and blood pressure reactivity were measured during cold and psychological stress. The Arg389Gly polymorphism in the beta(1)-AR was associated with preejection period reactivity in males but not in females. The Arg16Gly polymorphism in the beta(2)-AR was associated with diastolic blood pressure reactivity only during video game stress. An association between the Gln27Glu polymorphism in the beta(2)-AR and vascular reactivity depended on sex. Thus, specific patterns of associations emerged between genetic variations in beta-ARs and cardiovascular reactivity in young Blacks.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Black People
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/genetics
- Cold Temperature
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Hormones/blood
- Humans
- Male
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Young Adult
- Black or African American
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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33
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The Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Hypertensive Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1779-1791. [PMID: 27713329 PMCID: PMC4033952 DOI: 10.3390/ph3061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem, but measures to reduce blood pressure and thus cardiovascular risk are complicated by the high prevalence of treatment resistance, despite the availability of multiple drugs. Drug side-effects contribute considerably to suboptimal blood pressure control. Clinicians must often rely on empirical methods to match patients with effective drug treatment. Hypertension pharmacogenomics seeks to find genetic predictors of response to drugs that lower blood pressure and to translate this knowledge into clinical practice. In this review we summarise the current status of hypertension pharmacogenetics from monogenic hypertension to essential hypertension and discuss the issues that need to be considered in a hypertension pharmacogenomic study.
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34
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Takeuchi F, Isono M, Katsuya T, Yamamoto K, Yokota M, Sugiyama T, Nabika T, Fujioka A, Ohnaka K, Asano H, Yamori Y, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S, Takayanagi R, Ogihara T, Kato N. Blood Pressure and Hypertension Are Associated With 7 Loci in the Japanese Population. Circulation 2010; 121:2302-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.904664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Two consortium-based genome-wide association studies have recently identified robust and significant associations of common variants with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in populations of European descent, warranting further investigation in populations of non-European descent.
Methods and Results—
We examined the associations at 27 loci reported by the genome-wide association studies on Europeans in a screening panel of Japanese subjects (n=1526) and chose 11 loci showing association signals (1-tailed test in the screening,
P
<0.3) for an extensive replication study with a follow-up panel of 3 Japanese general-population cohorts (n ≤24 300). Significant associations were replicated for 7 loci—
CASZ1
,
MTHFR, ITGA9
,
FGF5
,
CYP17A1-CNNM2
,
ATP2B1
, and
CSK-ULK3
—with any or all of these 3 traits: systolic blood pressure (
P
=1.4×10
−14
to 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (
P
=1.9×10
−12
to 0.05), and hypertension (
P
=2.0×10
−14
to 0.006; odds ratio, 1.10 to 1.29). The strongest association was observed for
FGF5
. In the whole study panel, the variance (
R
2
) for blood pressure explained by the 7 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci was calculated to be
R
2
=0.003 for male and 0.006 for female participants. Stratified analysis implied the potential presence of a gene-age-sex interaction, although it did not reach a conclusive level of statistical significance after adjustment for multiple testing.
Conclusions—
We have confirmed 7 loci associated with blood pressure and/or hypertension in the Japanese. These loci can guide fine-mapping efforts to pinpoint causal variants and causal genes with the integration of multiethnic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Takeuchi
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Masato Isono
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokota
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Toru Nabika
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Akihiro Fujioka
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Keizo Ohnaka
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Asano
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Yukio Yamori
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Shuhei Yamaguchi
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Shotai Kobayashi
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
| | - Norihiro Kato
- From the Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo (F.T., M.I., N.K.); Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (T.K.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (K.Y.); Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya (M.Y.); Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo (T.S.)
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The effects of sex and method of blood pressure measurement on genetic associations with blood pressure in the PAMELA study. J Hypertens 2010; 28:465-77. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833594d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lin HF, Liu CK, Liao YC, Lin RT, Chen CS, Juo SHH. The risk of the metabolic syndrome on carotid thickness and stiffness: sex and age specific effects. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:155-9. [PMID: 20035939 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness reflect structure and functional alterations in arteries. We investigated the relationship of MS on IMT and stiffness and also dissected its gender and age specific effect. METHODS Carotid segment-specific IMT and stiffness were obtained in 1245 stroke- and myocardial infarction free volunteers between the ages of 15 and 87. The MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III with Asian modification. RESULTS The prevalence of MS was 22.2% in our study population. The MS was associated with increased IMT in the common carotid artery (CCA IMT) and stiffness modalities (including Ep, beta, and PWV), but was not associated with bifurcation and internal carotid artery IMT. The relationship of MS on atherosclerosis was more prominent in women than in men. Only women revealed a significant interaction between MS and age for CCA IMT (p=0.013), which was more pronounced in young women (< or = 45 years) than in elderly. Comparing the risk components between young and elderly women in regard to MS, high triglycerides were more common in the affected young women (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS MS is associated with a risk for increased CCA IMT and stiffness, and this relationship is particularly pronounced in women. Age can modify the MS impact on atherosclerosis. Young women with MS who often have high triglycerides experience the highest risk to associate with atherosclerosis. Young MS women who are easily overlooked for atherosclerotic diseases need more detailed assessment for atherosclerosis to prevent premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cardiac pathways distinguish two epistatic modules enacting BP quantitative trait loci and candidate gene analysis. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:631-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pausova Z, Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Xiao Y, Leonard GT, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Smith GD, Seda O, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Gaudet D, Paus T. A common variant of the FTO gene is associated with not only increased adiposity but also elevated blood pressure in French Canadians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:260-9. [PMID: 20031594 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.109.857359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FTO is the first gene established as contributing to common forms of obesity. The gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and is thought to mediate this effect through its influence on energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus, however, also regulates blood pressure (BP). Therefore, we investigated whether the FTO-risk variant is associated not only with increased adiposity but also with elevated BP and whether the latter may be mediated, in part, by increased sympathetic modulation of vasomotor tone. METHODS AND RESULTS The primary study was carried out in 485 adolescents recruited from a French Canadian founder population who underwent detailed body-composition and cardiovascular phenotyping. Body fat was examined with MRI, bioimpedance, and anthropometry. BP was recorded beat to beat at rest and during physical and mental challenges. Sympathetic modulation of vasomotor tone was assessed with power spectral analysis of BP. We found that individuals with the FTO-risk genotype compared with those without it demonstrate greater adiposity, including the amount of intra-abdominal fat (by 38%). They also showed higher systolic BP throughout the entire protocol, with a maximum difference during a mental stress (6.4 [1.5 to 11.3] mm Hg). The difference in BP was accompanied by elevated index of sympathetic modulation of vasomotor tone. A replication in an independent sample of adults from the same founder population confirmed the association between FTO and BP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in a French Canadian founder population, FTO may increase not only risk for obesity, as demonstrated in other populations, but also for hypertension. The latter may be related, at least in part, to the regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Pausova
- Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Krishnaswami S, Grim CE, Kotchen TA. Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, and Aldosterone: Sex-Specific Relationships. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009; 11:130-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in anatomical, physiological and behavioural traits are characteristics of many vertebrate species. In humans, sexual dimorphism is also observed in the prevalence, course and severity of many common diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and asthma. Although sex differences in the endocrine and immune systems probably contribute to these observations, recent studies suggest that sex-specific genetic architecture also influences human phenotypes, including reproductive, physiological and disease traits. It is likely that an underlying mechanism is differential gene regulation in males and females, particularly in sex steroid-responsive genes. Genetic studies that ignore sex-specific effects in their design and interpretation could fail to identify a significant proportion of the genes that contribute to risk for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, 920 East 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Kristiansson K, Naukkarinen J, Peltonen L. Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification. Genome Biol 2008; 9:109. [PMID: 18771588 PMCID: PMC2575505 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-8-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated populations can be useful for the identification of genes underlying common complex diseases. The utility of genetically isolated populations (population isolates) in the mapping and identification of genes is not only limited to the study of rare diseases; isolated populations also provide a useful resource for studies aimed at improved understanding of the biology underlying common diseases and their component traits. Well characterized human populations provide excellent study samples for many different genetic investigations, ranging from genome-wide association studies to the characterization of interactions between genes and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Kristiansson
- National Public Health Institute and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki 00300, Finland
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