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Yamaji T, Harada T, Hashimoto Y, Nakano Y, Kajikawa M, Yoshimura K, Chayama K, Goto C, Han Y, Mizobuchi A, Yusoff FM, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T, Nakashima A, Higashi Y. Stair climbing activity and vascular function in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1274-1282. [PMID: 34272476 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between daily stair climbing activity and vascular function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 374 patients with hypertension were enrolled. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their daily stair climbing habit: no stairs group, climbing stairs to the 2nd-floor group, and climbing stairs to the ≥3rd-floor group. There was a significant difference in FMD between the ≥3rd-floor group and the other two groups (3.3 ± 2.5% vs. 2.3 ± 2.7% and 2.4 ± 2.7%, p = 0.02, respectively). FMD values were similar in the no stairs group and the 2nd-floor group (p = 0.96). There was a significant difference in NID between the no stairs group and the other two groups (7.4 ± 4.2% vs. 10.9 ± 5.3% and 11.3 ± 5.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). NID values were similar in the second-floor group and the ≥3rd-floor group (p = 0.86). These findings suggest that both endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle function are impaired in individuals who do not climb stairs and that endothelial function but not vascular smooth muscle function is impaired in individuals who climb stairs to the second floor compared with individuals who climb stairs to the ≥3rd floor. Stair climbing activity, a simple method for assessing daily physical activity, may reflect vascular function in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Biostatistics, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Goto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Mizobuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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Tang Y, Song H, Shen Y, Yao Y, Yu Y, Wei G, Long B, Yan W. MiR-155 acts as an inhibitory factor in atherosclerosis-associated arterial pathogenesis by down-regulating NoxA1 related signaling pathway in ApoE -/- mouse. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021; 11:1-13. [PMID: 33708473 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective efficacy of miR-155 on down regulating NADPH oxidase isoform subunit A1 (NoxA1) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of VSMC migration and over proliferation and thus ameliorating the progression of arterial atherosclerosis in AS mouse model. Therefore, to further explore the regulatory effect of miR-155 on neointima formation in AS and locate potential anti-atherosclerosis target. Methods The mouse vascular aorta smooth muscle cell (MOVAS) was cultured and transfected with recombinant Pad2YFG adenovirus fluorescent vector with miR-155 fragment into 4 groups. Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to identify the expression of NoxA1 under different circumstances. Fluorescence microscope was applied to observe the transfection rate of miR-155 into adenovirus. Twelve-week fatty food induced atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mouse model was established as host to accept miR-155 transfected adenovirus transplantation to observe its effect on VSMC in AS progression. Carotid and thoracic artery were extracted at 1 month after dosing. Distribution of miR-155 was quantified via expression levels of protein and RNA to detect NoxA1, Nox1, p47phox and NADPH expression. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence imaging and other methods were performed in arteries section to compare the thickness of neointima and assess the severity of AS in each group. Results Luciferase reporter gene assay showed significant expression of miR-155 in mimic group indicating that miR-155 had target binding effect with NoxA1 gene. Western blotting and RT-PCR results both showed significantly decreased NoxA1 expression in miR-155 mimic group while increased with its inhibitor. The miR-155 distribution was observed varied at 1 month after in control, miR-155 mimic and inhibitor groups. The NoxA1, NADPH, Nox1 and pp47phox protein expression in VSMC was decreased in mimic group vs control and inhibitor groups (P<0.05); no significant difference of NADPH expression was observed in all groups. The NoxA1, Nox1 and p47phox gene expression in VSMC were both found reduced compared with those of control group at week 4 (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining of artery frozen sections figured out that the thickness of neointima of carotid artery in miR-155 mimic group was significantly lower vs control and inhibitor groups (P<0.01) at week 4. Conclusions miR-155 played an important role in NoxA1-related signaling pathway. miR-155 transfection into VSMC may have anti-inflammatory regulatory effect on NoxA1 expression in vivo and resulting in amelioration of atherosclerotic lesion in AS mouse model. In summary, miR-155 specifically plays in a negative feedback loop and demonstrates a protective role during atherosclerosis-associated VSMC proliferation and neointima formation through the miR-155-NoxA1-p47phox complex signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangxiang Long
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yousefi M, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Insights to potential antihypertensive activity of berry fruits. Phytother Res 2020; 35:846-863. [PMID: 32959938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fels J, Kusche-Vihrog K. Endothelial Nanomechanics in the Context of Endothelial (Dys)function and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:945-959. [PMID: 29433330 PMCID: PMC6354603 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stiffness of endothelial cells is closely linked to the function of the vasculature as it regulates the release of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The outer layer of endothelial cells, consisting of the glycocalyx above and the cortical zone beneath the plasma membrane, is a vulnerable compartment able to adapt its nanomechanical properties to any changes of forces exerted by the adjacent blood stream. Sustained stiffening of this layer contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Recent Advances: The development of specific techniques to quantify the mechanical properties of cells enables the detailed investigation of the mechanistic link between structure and function of cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenging the mechanical stiffness of cells, for instance, by inflammatory mediators can lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of sustained stiffening of the outer layer of endothelial cells in turn improves endothelial function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The mechanical properties of cells can be used as critical marker and test system for the proper function of the vascular system. Pharmacological substances, which are able to improve endothelial nanomechanics and function, could take a new importance in the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Thus, detailed knowledge acquisition about the structure/function relationship of endothelial cells and the underlying signaling pathways should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fels
- 1 Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lambrinoudaki I, Chatzivasileiou P, Stergiotis S, Armeni E, Rizos D, Kaparos G, Augoulea A, Alexandrou A, Georgiopoulos G, Laina A, Stamatelopoulos K. Subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness in premenopausal women: association with NOS3 and CYBA polymorphisms. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1434-1444. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pak O, Sydykov A, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Dietrich A, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Gudermann T, Sommer N, Weissmann N. Lung Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:195-225. [PMID: 29047088 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) occurs in many lung diseases and during surgical procedures such as lung transplantation. The re-establishment of blood flow and oxygen delivery into the previously ischaemic lung exacerbates the ischaemic injury and leads to increased microvascular permeability and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as to vigorous activation of the immune response. These events initiate the irreversible damage of the lung with subsequent oedema formation that can result in systemic hypoxaemia and multi-organ failure. Alterations in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been suggested as crucial mediators of such responses during ischaemia-reperfusion in the lung. Among numerous potential sources of ROS/RNS within cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondria have been investigated during LIRI. Against this background, we aim to review here the extensive literature about the ROS-mediated cellular signalling during LIRI, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidants as treatment option for LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Monoamine Oxidase Contribution to Oxidative Stress in Human Diabetic Hearts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8470394. [PMID: 27190576 PMCID: PMC4846770 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8470394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-related oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (MAOs) have emerged as novel sources of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system and experimental diabetes. The present study was purported to assess the mitochondrial impairment and the contribution of MAOs-related oxidative stress to the cardiovascular dysfunction in coronary patients with/without DM. Right atrial appendages were obtained from 75 patients randomized into 3 groups: (1) Control (CTRL), valvular patients without CHD; (2) CHD, patients with confirmed CHD; and (3) CHD-DM, patients with CHD and DM. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry and MAOs expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission was assessed by confocal microscopy and spectrophotometrically. The impairment of mitochondrial respiration was substrate-independent in CHD-DM group. MAOs expression was comparable among the groups, with the predominance of MAO-B isoform but no significant differences regarding oxidative stress were detected by either method. Incubation of atrial samples with MAOs inhibitors significantly reduced the H2O2 in all groups. In conclusion, abnormal mitochondrial respiration occurs in CHD and is more severe in DM and MAOs contribute to oxidative stress in human diseased hearts with/without DM.
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Salusin-β induces foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in human vascular smooth muscle cells via miR155/NOX2/NFκB pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23596. [PMID: 27004848 PMCID: PMC4804242 DOI: 10.1038/srep23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are indispensible components in foam cell formation. Salusin-β is a stimulator in the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, we showed that salusin-β increased foam cell formation evidenced by accumulation of lipid droplets and intracellular cholesterol content, and promoted monocyte adhesion in human VSMCs. Salusin-β increased the expressions and activity of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in VSMCs. Silencing of ACAT-1 abolished the salusin-β-induced lipid accumulation, and silencing of VCAM-1 prevented the salusin-β-induced monocyte adhesion in VSMCs. Salusin-β caused p65-NFκB nuclear translocation and increased p65 occupancy at the ACAT-1 and VCAM-1 promoter. Inhibition of NFκB with Bay 11-7082 prevented the salusin-β-induced ACAT-1 and VCAM-1 upregulation, foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in VSMCs. Scavenging ROS, inhibiting NADPH oxidase or knockdown of NOX2 abolished the effects of salusin-β on ACAT-1 and VCAM-1 expressions, p65-NFκB nuclear translocation, lipid accumulation and monocyte adhesion in VSMCs. Salusin-β increased miR155 expression, and knockdown of miR155 prevented the effects of salusin-β on ACAT-1 and VCAM-1 expressions, p65-NFκB nuclear translocation, lipid accumulation, monocyte adhesion and ROS production in VSMCs. These results indicate that salusin-β induces foam formation and monocyte adhesion via miR155/NOX2/NFκB-mediated ACAT-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in VSMCs.
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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NADPH oxidases—do they play a role in TRPC regulation under hypoxia? Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:23-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Burke RM, Berk BC. The Role of PB1 Domain Proteins in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1243-56. [PMID: 25686626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There are a limited number of proteins containing the Phox-Bem1 (PB1) protein interaction domain, and almost all of them play some role in endothelial cell (EC) function, health, and homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Most of these proteins have been shown to physically interact through PB1-PB1 binding and, as such, are linked together to form complexes that are responsive to hemodynamic force. These complexes range from redox regulation to inflammation to autophagy and back, and they employ multiple feedback mechanisms that are reliant on PB1 domain proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Pathologic roles for PB1 domain-containing proteins have been demonstrated in multiple diseases, including vascular disease, cancer, liver disease, and myriad other concerns. Findings cited in this review show that dimerization of PB1 proteins exerts novel effects on EC function that may be important in multiple cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation, and hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As mechanistic understanding of the component pathways (redox regulation, cell polarity, inflammation, atheroprotection, and autophagy) is continually increasing, the larger picture of how these pathways interact with one another is evolving rapidly. We can now evaluate the PB1 domain proteins as a family in the context of multiple phenotypic readouts in EC function as well as evaluate them as drug targets against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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Zhang R, Ran H, Cai L, Zhu L, Sun J, Peng L, Liu X, Zhang L, Fang Z, Fan Y, Cui G. Simulated microgravity‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat cerebral arteries. FASEB J 2014; 28:2715-2724. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Hong Ran
- Department of Geriatric HematologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Li Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Fang Sun
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Juan Liu
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lan‐Ning Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhou Fang
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Yan Fan
- Institute of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Geng Cui
- Department of OsteologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
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Sturza A, Leisegang MS, Babelova A, Schröder K, Benkhoff S, Loot AE, Fleming I, Schulz R, Muntean DM, Brandes RP. Monoamine Oxidases Are Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Mouse Aorta. Hypertension 2013; 62:140-6. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) generate H
2
O
2
as a by-product of their catalytic cycle. Whether MAOs are mediators of endothelial dysfunction is unknown and was determined here in the angiotensin II and lipopolysaccharide-models of vascular dysfunction in mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mouse aortas contain enzymes involved in catecholamine generation and MAO-A and MAO-B mRNA. MAO-A and -B proteins could be detected by Western blot not only in mouse aortas but also in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Ex vivo incubation of mouse aorta with recombinant MAO-A increased H
2
O
2
formation and induced endothelial dysfunction that was attenuated by polyethylene glycol-catalase and MAO inhibitors. In vivo lipopolysaccharide (8 mg/kg IP overnight) or angiotensin II (1 mg/kg per day, 2 weeks, minipump) treatment induced vascular MAO-A and -B expressions and resulted in attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta in response to acetylcholine. MAO inhibitors reduced the lipopolysaccharide- and angiotensin II–induced aortic reactive oxygen species formation by 50% (ferrous oxidation xylenol orange assay) and partially normalized endothelium-dependent relaxation. MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors had an additive effect; combined application completely restored endothelium-dependent relaxation. To determine how MAO-dependent H
2
O
2
formation induces endothelial dysfunction, cyclic GMP was measured. Histamine stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to activate endothelial NO synthase resulted in an increase in cyclic GMP, which was almost abrogated by MAO-A exposure. MAO inhibition prevented this effect, suggesting that MAO-induced H
2
O
2
formation is sufficient to attenuate endothelial NO release. Thus, MAO-A and MAO-B are both expressed in the mouse aorta, induced by in vivo lipopolysaccharide and angiotensin II treatment and contribute via the generation of H
2
O
2
to endothelial dysfunction in vascular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sturza
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Matthias S. Leisegang
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Andrea Babelova
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Katrin Schröder
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Sebastian Benkhoff
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Annemarieke E. Loot
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Rainer Schulz
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., R.P.B.) and Institute for Vascular Signaling (A.E.L., I.F.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (A.S., D.M.M.); Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany (A.S., M.S.L., A.B., K.S., S.B., A.E.L
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Abstract
Functional integrity of endothelial cells is an indicator and a prerequisite for vascular health and counteracts the development of atherosclerosis. This concept of 'endothelial therapy' was developed in the late 1990s as an approach to preserve or restore endothelial cell health given that 'the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in 'endothelial dysfunction' allows us to interfere specifically with pathogenic pathways at very early time points and to slow down the progression of disease'. In the present review, the principles underlying endothelial cell health will be discussed as well as the role of endothelial therapy as a preventive measure to reduce the prevalence of coronary artery disease or to delay disease progression in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. This article also highlights the importance of active participation, the need to reduce the number of future patients in view of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity, and the potential of endothelial therapy to improve survival, reduce disability and health costs, and to improve overall quality of life in patients at risk for or already diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The preventive and therapeutic approaches and considerations described herein can be applied by physicians, patients, parents, educators, health agencies, and political decision makers to help reducing the global cardiovascular disease burden in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, LTK Y44 G22, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Interaction between maternal and offspring diet to impair vascular function and oxidative balance in high fat fed male mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50671. [PMID: 23227196 PMCID: PMC3515587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption of a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring. METHODS Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% kcal fat) pre-conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, male offspring were continued on the same diet as their mothers or placed on the alternative diet to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF and HF/HF) which were studied at 15 or 30 weeks of age. RESULTS There were significant effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight (p<0.004), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh (p = 0.004) and NO production (p = 0.005) measured in the femoral artery. With control for maternal diet there was also an effect of offspring post-weaning dietary fat to increase systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.022) and ACh-mediated NO production (p = 0.007). There was also a significant impact of age (p<0.005). Redox balance was perturbed, with altered regulation of vascular enzymes involved in ROS/NO signalling. CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of a HF diet is associated with changes in vascular function and oxidative balance in the offspring of similar magnitude to those seen with consumption of a high fat diet post-weaning. Further, this disadvantageous vascular phenotype is exacerbated by age to influence the risk of developing obesity, raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in adult life.
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Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Independent Release of Nitric Oxide in the Aorta of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:15-22. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.198721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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19
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Mittal M, Gu XQ, Pak O, Pamenter ME, Haag D, Fuchs DB, Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Brandes RP, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Haddad GG, Weissmann N. Hypoxia induces Kv channel current inhibition by increased NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1033-42. [PMID: 22222468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is current discussion whether reactive oxygen species are up- or downregulated in the pulmonary circulation during hypoxia, from which sources (i.e., mitochondria or NADPH oxidases) they are derived, and what the downstream targets of ROS are. We recently showed that the NADPH oxidase homolog NOX4 is upregulated in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice and contributes to the vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. We here tested the hypothesis that NOX4 regulates K(v) channels via an increased ROS formation after prolonged hypoxia. We showed that (1) NOX4 is upregulated in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats and isolated rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) after 3days of hypoxia, and (2) that NOX4 is a major contributor to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) after hypoxia. Our data indicate colocalization of K(v)1.5 and NOX4 in isolated PASMC. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor and ROS scavenger apocynin as well as NOX4 siRNA reversed the hypoxia-induced decrease in K(v) current density whereas the protein levels of the channels remain unaffected by siNOX4 treatment. Determination of cysteine oxidation revealed increased NOX4-mediated K(v)1.5 channel oxidation. We conclude that sustained hypoxia decreases K(v) channel currents by a direct effect of a NOX4-derived increase in ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University, Medical Clinic II/V, Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Bai YP, Hu CP, Yuan Q, Peng J, Shi RZ, Yang TL, Cao ZH, Li YJ, Cheng G, Zhang GG. Role of VPO1, a newly identified heme-containing peroxidase, in ox-LDL induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1492-500. [PMID: 21820048 PMCID: PMC3570029 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme involved in the genesis and development of atherosclerosis. Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a newly discovered member of the peroxidase family that is mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and has structural characteristics and biological activity similar to those of MPO. Our specific aims were to explore the effects of VPO1 on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that ox-LDL induced endothelial cell apoptosis and the expression of VPO1 in endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner concomitant with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, and up-regulated protein expression of the NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. All these effects of ox-LDL were inhibited by VPO1 gene silencing and NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit gene silencing or by pretreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or diphenyliodonium. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, but had no effect on intracellular ROS and HOCl generation or the expression of NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit or VPO1. Collectively, these findings suggest for the first time that VPO1 plays a critical role in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and that there is a positive feedback loop between VPO1/HOCl and the now-accepted dogma that the NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK/caspase-3 pathway is involved in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Rui-Zheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tian-Lun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ze-Hong Cao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 086 731 84327695; +1 205 935 8565. (G. Cheng), (G.-G. Zhang)
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 086 731 84327695; +1 205 935 8565. (G. Cheng), (G.-G. Zhang)
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Hirooka Y, Kishi T, Sakai K, Takeshita A, Sunagawa K. Imbalance of central nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the regulation of sympathetic activity and neural mechanisms of hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R818-26. [PMID: 21289238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00426.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in blood pressure regulation via the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). In general, accumulating evidence suggests that NO inhibits, but ROS activates, the sympathetic nervous system. NO and ROS, however, interact with each other. Our consecutive studies and those of others strongly indicate that an imbalance between NO bioavailability and ROS generation in the CNS, including the brain stem, activates the sympathetic nervous system, and this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of neurogenic aspects of hypertension. In this review, we focus on the role of NO and ROS in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system within the brain stem and subsequent cardiovascular control. Multiple mechanisms are proposed, including modulation of neurotransmitter release, inhibition of receptors, and alterations of intracellular signaling pathways. Together, the evidence indicates that an imbalance of NO and ROS in the CNS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hirooka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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