1
|
Gómez-Moyano E, Pavón-Morón J, Rodríguez-Capitán J, Bardán-Rebollar D, Ramos-Carrera T, Villalobos-Sánchez A, Pérez de Pedro I, Ruiz-García FJ, Mora-Robles J, López-Sampalo A, Pérez-Velasco MA, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R, Jiménez-Navarro M, Romero-Cuevas M, Costa F, Trenas A, Pérez-Belmonte LM. The Role of Heparin in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Other Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2405. [PMID: 38673677 PMCID: PMC11050777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management and short-term consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well known. However, COVID-19 post-acute sequelae are less known and represent a public health problem worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 who present post-acute sequelae may display immune dysregulation, a procoagulant state, and persistent microvascular endotheliopathy that could trigger microvascular thrombosis. These elements have also been implicated in the physiopathology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, a frequent sequela in post-COVID-19 patients. These mechanisms, directly associated with post-acute sequelae, might determine the thrombotic consequences of COVID-19 and the need for early anticoagulation therapy. In this context, heparin has several potential benefits, including immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, pro-endothelial, and vascular effects, that could be helpful in the treatment of COVID-19 post-acute sequelae. In this article, we review the evidence surrounding the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the potential benefits of the use of heparin, with a special focus on the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Javier Pavón-Morón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (M.J.-N.); (M.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (M.J.-N.); (M.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | | | | | - Aurora Villalobos-Sánchez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Iván Pérez de Pedro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
| | | | - Javier Mora-Robles
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Almudena López-Sampalo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Velasco
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Maria-Rosa Bernal-López
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrtición (CIBERObn), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrtición (CIBERObn), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Navarro
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (M.J.-N.); (M.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Miguel Romero-Cuevas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (M.J.-N.); (M.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic ‘G. Martino’, Via C. Valeria 1, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alicia Trenas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Área Sanitaria Norte de Málaga, Hospital de Antequera, 29200 Antequera, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (I.P.d.P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.-R.B.-L.); (R.G.-H.)
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Helicópteros Sanitarios, 29660 Marbella, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Souza DA, Salu BR, Nogueira RS, de Carvalho Neto JCS, Maffei FHDA, Oliva MLV. Peptides Derived from a Plant Protease Inhibitor of the Coagulation Contact System Decrease Arterial Thrombus Formation in a Murine Model, without Impairing Hemostatic Parameters. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051810. [PMID: 36902597 PMCID: PMC10003694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plant protein inhibitors with anticoagulant properties have been studied and characterized, including the Delonix regia trypsin inhibitor (DrTI). This protein inhibits serine proteases (trypsin) and enzymes directly involved in coagulation, such as plasma kallikrein, factor XIIa, and factor XIa. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two new synthetic peptides derived from the primary sequence of DrTI in coagulation and thrombosis models to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of thrombus formation as well as in the development of new antithrombotic therapies. Both peptides acted on in vitro hemostasis-related parameters, showing promising results, prolonging the Partially Activated Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid. In murine models, for arterial thrombosis induced by photochemical injury, and platelet-endothelial interactions monitored by intravital microscopy, both peptides at doses of 0.5 mg/kg significantly extended the time of artery occlusion and modified the platelet adhesion and aggregation pattern with no changes in bleeding time, demonstrating the high biotechnological potential of both molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alexandre De Souza
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.S.); (M.L.V.O.)
| | - Bruno Ramos Salu
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruben Siedlarczyk Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Sá de Carvalho Neto
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.S.); (M.L.V.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nogueira RS, Salu BR, Nardelli VG, Bonturi CR, Pereira MR, de Abreu Maffei FH, Cilli EM, Oliva MLV. A snake venom-analog peptide that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and papain-like protease displays antithrombotic activity in mice arterial thrombosis model, without interfering with bleeding time. Thromb J 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36593467 PMCID: PMC9806807 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-022-00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (p-BthTX-I)2 K, a dimeric analog peptide derived from the C-terminal region of phospholipase A2-like bothropstoxin-I (p-BthTX-I), is resistant to plasma proteolysis and inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains with weak cytotoxic effects. Complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection include vascular problems and increased risk of thrombosis; therefore, studies to identify new drugs for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections that also inhibit thrombosis and minimize the risk of bleeding are required. OBJECTIVES To determine whether (p-BthTX-I)2 K affects the hemostatic system. METHODS Platelet aggregation was induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the Chronolog Lumi-aggregometer. The coagulation activity was evaluated by determining activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) with (p-BthTX-I)2 K (5.0-434.5 µg) or 0.9% NaCl. Arterial thrombosis was induced with a 540 nm laser and 3.5-20 mg kg- 1 Rose Bengal in the carotid artery of male C57BL/6J mice using (p-BthTX-I)2 K. Bleeding time was determined in mouse tails immersed in saline at 37 °C after (p-BthTX-I)2 K (4.0 mg/kg and 8.0 mg/kg) or saline administration. RESULTS (p-BthTX-I)2 K prolonged the aPTT and PT by blocking kallikrein and FXa-like activities. Moreover, (p-BthTX-I)2 K inhibited ADP-, collagen-, and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, low concentrations of (p-BthTX-I)2 K extended the time to artery occlusion by the formed thrombus. However, (p-BthTX-I)2 K did not prolong the bleeding time in the mouse model of arterial thrombosis. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the antithrombotic activity of the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 K possibly by kallikrein inhibition, suggesting its strong biotechnological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Siedlarczyk Nogueira
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP 04044- 020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos Salu
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP 04044- 020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Goulart Nardelli
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP 04044- 020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Ramalho Bonturi
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP 04044- 020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Rodrigues Pereira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP 14800-060 São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto de Abreu Maffei
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Surgery and Orthopedics, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-687 São Paulo, Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP 14800-060 São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP 04044- 020 São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu W, MacIver B, Zhang L, Bien EM, Ahmed N, Chen H, Hanif SZ, de Oliveira MG, Zeidel ML, Hill WG. Deletion of Mechanosensory β1-integrin From Bladder Smooth Muscle Results in Voiding Dysfunction and Tissue Remodeling. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac042. [PMID: 38989038 PMCID: PMC11234651 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The bladder undergoes large shape changes as it fills and empties and experiences complex mechanical forces. These forces become abnormal in diseases of the lower urinary tract such as overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder, and urinary retention. As the primary mechanosensors linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins are likely to play vital roles in maintaining bladder smooth muscle (BSM) homeostasis. In a tamoxifen-inducible smooth muscle conditional knockout of β1-integrin, there was concomitant loss of α1- and α3-integrins from BSM and upregulation of αV- and β3-integrins. Masson's staining showed a reduction in smooth muscle with an increase in collagenous ECM. Functionally, mice exhibited a changing pattern of urination by voiding spot assay up to 8 wk after tamoxifen. By 8 wk, there was increased frequency with reductions in voided volume, consistent with overactivity. Cystometrograms confirmed that there was a significant reduction in intercontractile interval with reduced maximal bladder pressure. Muscle strip myography revealed a loss of contraction force in response to electrical field stimulation, that was entirely due to the loss of muscarinic contractility. Quantitative western blotting showed a loss of M3 receptor and no change in P2X1. qPCR on ECM and interstitial genes revealed loss of Ntpd2, a marker of an interstitial cell subpopulation; and an upregulation of S100A4, which is often associated with fibroblasts. Collectively, the data show that the loss of appropriate mechanosensation through integrins results in cellular and extracellular remodeling, and concomitant bladder dysfunction that resembles lower urinary tract symptoms seen in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Yu
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bryce MacIver
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erica M Bien
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nazaakat Ahmed
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Z Hanif
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Warren G Hill
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paolino G, Di Nicola MR, Pontara A, Didona D, Moliterni E, Mercuri SR, Grano M, Borgianni N, Kumar R, Pampena R. Vipera snakebite in Europe: a systematic review of a neglected disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2247-2260. [PMID: 32530549 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, snakebites were included in the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) neglected diseases. Dermatological literature lacks current and up-to-date articles about snakebites and their management, despite the fact that dermatologists, especially from rural hospitals, can be called into the emergency room to consult the management of suspected snakebites. In this systematic review, we highlighted the main clinical and laboratory aspects of snakebites from Vipera spp. in Europe, by reviewing 3574 studies initially retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Of these, 78 were finally included in the systematic review. We found that the most involved taxon was V. berus in 63.3% and the most involved anatomic site of the bite was the upper limbs 53.1% with fang marks reported in 90.5%. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 years, and bites were slightly more common among males (58.2%). A wound washing was performed in 86.9% of cases before the hospitalization. The most frequently reported grade of envenomation was G2 (42.2%). In addition to local dermatological symptoms (extended erythema, oedema, cutaneous necrosis, hives, purpura, petechiae, acute compartment syndrome), numerous systemic symptoms have also been reported, including fatigue (14.4%), pain (75.3%), fever (49.2%), direct anaphylactoid reaction (5.3%), anxiety (60.8%), cranial nerve neurotoxicity (14.8%), dysesthesia/paraesthesia (7.9%), vomiting (33.7%), abdominal pain (23.3%), diarrhoea (15.4%), dyspnoea (6.3%), proteinuria (10.6%) and haematuria (9.3%). Secondary infections were present in 3.5% and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 3.1% of cases, and fasciotomy was performed in 4.2% cases, while an amputation in 6.9%. Only 0.9% of patients died. Antivenom was administered in 3053 cases. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for robust multi-centre randomized control trials, standardized protocol for snakebite management and antivenom administration across Europe and a National snakebite register for each European country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolino
- Clinica Dermatologica, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Pontara
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps Medical University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E Moliterni
- Clinica Dermatologica, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S R Mercuri
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Grano
- Via Valcenischia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - R Kumar
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - R Pampena
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Péterfi O, Boda F, Szabó Z, Ferencz E, Bába L. Hypotensive Snake Venom Components-A Mini-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2778. [PMID: 31370142 PMCID: PMC6695636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and subsequent risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Thus, the search for new antihypertensive compounds remains of great interest. Snake venoms provide an abundant source of lead molecules that affect the cardiovascular system, which makes them prominent from a pharmaceutical perspective. Such snake venom components include bradykinin potentiating peptides (proline-rich oligopeptides), natriuretic peptides, phospholipases A2, serine-proteases and vascular endothelial growth factors. Some heparin binding hypotensive factors, three-finger toxins and 5' nucleotidases can also exert blood pressure lowering activity. Great advances have been made during the last decade regarding the understanding of the mechanism of action of these hypotensive proteins. Bradykinin potentiating peptides exert their action primarily by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and increasing the effect of endogenous bradykinin. Snake venom phospholipases A2 are capable of reducing blood pressure through the production of arachidonic acid, a precursor of cyclooxygenase metabolites (prostaglandins or prostacyclin). Other snake venom proteins mimic the effects of endogenous kallikrein, natriuretic peptides or vascular endothelial growth factors. The aim of this work was to review the current state of knowledge regarding snake venom components with potential antihypertensive activity and their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Péterfi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Francisc Boda
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Elek Ferencz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - László Bába
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sulodexide promotes arterial relaxation via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:347-356. [PMID: 31014752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sulodexide (SDX) is a highly purified glycosaminoglycan with antithrombotic and profibrinolytic properties and reported benefits in thrombotic and atherosclerotic vascular disorders. However, the effects of SDX on vascular function are unclear. We tested whether SDX affects vascular relaxation and examined the potential underlying mechanisms. Isolated segments of male rat abdominal aorta and mesenteric artery were suspended in a tissue bath, and the changes in arterial contraction/relaxation were measured. The α-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (Phe) (10-9-10-5 M) caused concentration-dependent aortic and mesenteric artery contraction that was reduced in tissues pretreated with SDX (1 mg/ml). In aortic and mesenteric arterial segments precontracted with submaximal concentration of Phe (3 × 10-7-6 × 10-7 M), SDX (0.001-1 mg/ml) caused concentration-dependent relaxation. To test the role of endothelium, SDX-induced relaxation was compared with that of acetylcholine (ACh), a known activator of endothelium-dependent relaxation. In Phe precontracted aorta, ACh relaxation was abolished and SDX relaxation was significantly inhibited by endothelium removal or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), suggesting a role of NO. In mesenteric artery, ACh relaxation was abolished by endothelium removal, partially blocked by L-NAME, and completely blocked by a mixture of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and blocker of the PGI2-cAMP pathway, and tetraethylammonium, a blocker of K+ channels and EDHF-dependent hyperpolarization pathway. In comparison, SDX relaxation of mesenteric artery was almost completely inhibited by endothelium removal or NOS inhibitor L-NAME. SDX enhanced vascular relaxation and increased nitrate/nitrite production in response to all ACh concentrations in the aorta, but only to low ACh concentrations (<10-7 M) in mesenteric artery. SDX did not affect aortic or mesenteric artery endothelium-independent relaxation to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. Thus, SDX promotes arterial relaxation via a mechanism involving endothelium-dependent NO production; an effect that could enhance vasodilation and decrease vasoconstriction in vascular disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
Malerba M, Radaeli A, Santini G, Morjaria J, Mores N, Mondino C, Macis G, Montuschi P. The discovery and development of aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:563-577. [PMID: 29616842 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1455661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchodilators, including long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs), are a mainstay of the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). LAMAs act as bronchodilators principally by antagonizing airway smooth muscle cells M3 muscarinic receptors. Aclidinium bromide is a twice-daily LAMA which was developed to improve on the efficacy and/or safety of previous LAMAs. Area covered: Herein, the authors present the pharmacotherapeutic role of aclidinium in COPD and point out unmet need in this research area. The following aspects are covered: a) the discovery and medicinal chemistry of aclidinium bromide; b) an overview of the market; c) its mechanism of action; d) its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile derived from pre-clinical studies; e) the clinical studies which led to its licensing; f) the evidence from meta-analyses; g) the aclidinium/formoterol fixed dose combination for COPD and h) priorities in this area of research. Expert opinion: Aclidinium bromide has the pharmacological properties, safety and efficacy profile and inhaler characteristics which makes it a valuable therapeutic option for pharmacological management of patients with COPD. Due to its rapid biotransformation into inactive metabolites, aclidinium is potentially one of the safest LAMAs. Further head-to-head randomized clinical trials are required to define efficacy and safety of aclidinium when compared to once-daily LAMAs. The clinical relevance of airway anti-remodeling effects of aclidinium has to be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- a Department of Translational Medicine-Respiratory Medicine , University of "Piemonte Orientale" , Vercelli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Radaeli
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santini
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Jaymin Morjaria
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , RBHT Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| | - Nadia Mores
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- f Department of Allergology , "Bellinzona e Valli" Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- g Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,h Radiology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cobo-Nuñez MY, El Assar M, Cuevas P, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Angulo J. Haemostatic agent etamsylate in vitro and in vivo antagonizes anti-coagulant activity of heparin. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 827:167-172. [PMID: 29555505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Etamsylate is indicated for several anti-hemorrhagic indications in human and veterinary medicine. However, etamsylate has been shown to be effective only in specific hemorrhagic situations. Furthermore, mechanism of action of etamsylate is not known but recent research has shown its ability to inhibit heparin binding to several growth factors. We have evaluated the ability of etamsylate to interfere with the activities of heparin. Effects of etamsylate on vasodilatory activity of heparin were evaluated in rat aortic segments. Influence of etamsylate on anticoagulant activity of heparin was evaluated in vitro by determining prothrombin (PT) time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in dog blood and in vivo by determining the interference of systemic and topical etamsylate on heparin-induced extension in bleeding time (BT) in rats. Despite failing to inhibit heparin-induced vasodilation of rat aorta, etamsylate significantly reduced the increase in aPTT caused by heparin (+30.4 ± 6.7% vs. +15.0 ± 2.8% for etamsylate at 100 µM, P < 0.05). Etamsylate also antagonized the anticoagulant effects driven by heparin in vivo since prevented the heparin-induced increase in BT when systemically (i.p.) administered (+94.6 ± 7.5% vs. +57.9 ± 9.2% at 10 mg/kg, P < 0.05, vs. +22.2 ± 16.8% at 30 mg/kg, P < 0.01). Additionally, topically applied etamsylate (125 mg/ml) significantly reduced heparin-induced BT increase (+102.5 ± 3.2% vs. +54.0 ± 5.8%, P < 0.01). These evidences show a pharmacological interference by etamsylate on heparin activities antagonizing pro-hemorrhagic effects of heparin in vitro and in vivo without inhibiting its vasodilatory properties. This ability could help to explain pharmacological effects of etamsylate and proposes its role for reversing pro-hemorrhagic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Pedro Cuevas
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Ferrer
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cohen JB, Perlis ML, Townsend RR. Systolic blood pressure as a potential target of sigma-1 receptor agonist therapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:416-417. [PMID: 29334587 PMCID: PMC5834831 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana B Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Babu KS, Morjaria JB. Umeclidinium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: latest evidence and place in therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2017; 8:81-91. [PMID: 28491268 PMCID: PMC5406010 DOI: 10.1177/2040622317700822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and health care expenditure throughout the world. COPD guidelines recommend the use of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) either alone or in combination with a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA). For over 10 years, tiotropium was the only LAMA that was used in the management of COPD. Over the past few years, various new drugs have been identified that act on the muscarinic receptors and β2 receptors. Umeclidinium (Umec) is a new LAMA currently approved for use in patients with COPD either as monotherapy or in combination with vilanterol (Vil). Both Umec alone and in combination with Vil delivered through a multi-dose dry powder Ellipta™ device have shown improvement in lung function, health-related quality of life and exacerbation frequency in patients with COPD. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Umec, and evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety studies in patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Suresh Babu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blass G, Mattson DL, Staruschenko A. The function of SH2B3 (LNK) in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F682-F685. [PMID: 27440780 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates the adaptor protein SH2B3 has a major role in the progression of renal diseases. SH2B3 is highly expressed by hematopoietic cells and regulates cytokine signaling, inducing cell-specific effects. Additionally, its expression in other cell types suggests that SH2B3 may have a more extensive role within the kidney. Ex vivo studies have determined targets of SH2B3 cell-specific signaling, while in vivo studies have observed the SH2B3 overall affects in the progression of renal diseases. This mini-review covers the function of SH2B3-expressing cell types that contribute to renal pathologies and their regulation by SH2B3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Blass
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ribeiro-Filho AC, Buri MV, Barros CC, Dreyfuss JL, Nader HB, Justo GZ, Craveiro RB, Pesquero JB, Miranda A, Ferreira AT, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Functional and molecular evidence for heteromeric association of P2Y1 receptor with P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in mouse granulocytes. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:29. [PMID: 27384918 PMCID: PMC4936188 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All hematopoietic cells express P2 receptors, however pharmacological characteristics such as expression and affinity in granulocytes are unknown. METHODS Pharmacological characteristics of P2 receptors were evaluated by Ca(2+) measurements using Fura-2 fluorophore. P2 receptors expression were analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. P2 interaction were shown by coimmunoprecipitation, western blotting and FRET. RESULTS Granulocytes were responsive to P2Y agonists, whereas P2X agonists were ineffective. Ca(2+) increase, elicited by ADP and UTP was dependent on intracellular stocks and sensitive to G-coupled receptor inhibition. Moreover, MRS2179, a specific antagonist of the P2Y1 receptor, abolished ADP response. Interestingly, ADP and UTP exhibited full heterologous desensitization, suggesting that these agonists interact with the same receptor. The heteromeric association between P2Y1 receptor and the P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors was shown by immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis. CONCLUSION Clear evidence of heteromeric association of P2Y receptors was found during the evaluation of P2 receptors present in mice granulocytes, which could impact in the classical pharmacology of P2Y receptors in granulocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Ribeiro-Filho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9° andar - Prédio de Pesquisa II, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Castilho Barros
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro, n°1, 96010-610, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Luporini Dreyfuss
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9° andar - Prédio de Pesquisa II, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9° andar - Prédio de Pesquisa II, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9° andar - Prédio de Pesquisa II, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Bastos Craveiro
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Teixeira Ferreira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 9° andar - Prédio de Pesquisa II, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cerini F, Vilaseca M, Lafoz E, García-Irigoyen O, García-Calderó H, Tripathi DM, Avila M, Reverter JC, Bosch J, Gracia-Sancho J, García-Pagán JC. Enoxaparin reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2016; 64:834-42. [PMID: 26686269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased hepatic vascular resistance due to fibrosis and elevated hepatic vascular tone is the primary factor in the development of portal hypertension. Heparin may decrease fibrosis by inhibiting intrahepatic microthrombosis and thrombin-mediated hepatic stellate cell activation. In addition, heparin enhances eNOS activity, which may reduce hepatic vascular tone. Our study aimed at evaluating the effects of acute, short-, long-term and preventive enoxaparin administration on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, liver fibrosis and nitric oxide availability in cirrhotic rats. METHODS Enoxaparin (1.8 mg/kg subcutaneously), or its vehicle, was administered to CCl4-cirrhotic rats 24h and 1h before the study (acute), daily for 1 week (short-term) or daily for 3 weeks (long-term) and to thioacetamide-cirrhotic rats daily for 3 weeks with/without thioacetamide (preventive/long-term, respectively). Mean arterial pressure, portal pressure, portal blood flow, hepatic vascular resistance and molecular/cellular mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS No significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were observed in acute administration. However, one-week, three-week and preventive treatments significantly decreased portal pressure mainly due to a decrease in hepatic vascular resistance without significant changes in mean arterial pressure. These findings were associated with significant reductions in liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, and desmin expression. Moreover, a reduction in fibrin deposition was observed in enoxaparin-treated rats, suggesting reduced intrahepatic microthrombosis. CONCLUSION Enoxaparin reduces portal pressure in cirrhotic rats by improving the structural component of increased liver resistance. These findings describe the potentially beneficial effects of enoxaparin beyond the treatment/prevention of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis, which deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cerini
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vilaseca
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica Lafoz
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oihane García-Irigoyen
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Héctor García-Calderó
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dinesh M Tripathi
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matias Avila
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Reverter
- Hemotherapy and Hemostasis Department, Hospital Clínic, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Post-translational allosteric activation of the P2X7 receptor through glycosaminoglycan chains of CD44 proteoglycans. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15005. [PMID: 27551441 PMCID: PMC4979527 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence for the positive allosteric modulation of the P2X7 receptor through glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in CHO (cell line derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster) cells. The marked potentiation of P2X7 activity through GAGs in the presence of non-saturating agonists concentrations was evident with the endogenous expression of the receptor in CHO cells. The presence of GAGs on the surface of CHO cells greatly increased the sensitivity to adenosine 5'-triphosphate and changed the main P2X7 receptor kinetic parameters EC50, Hill coefficient and E max. GAGs decreased the allosteric inhibition of P2X7 receptor through Mg(2+). GAGs activated P2X7 receptor-mediated cytoplasmic Ca(2+) influx and pore formation. Consequently, wild-type CHO-K1 cells were 2.5-fold more sensitive to cell death induced through P2X7 agonists than mutant CHO-745 cells defective in GAGs biosynthesis. In the present study, we provide the first evidence that the P2X7 receptor interacts with CD44 on the CHO-K1 cell surface. Thus, these data demonstrated that GAGs positively modulate the P2X7 receptor, and sCD44 is a part of a regulatory positive feedback loop linking P2X7 receptor activation for the intracellular response mediated through P2X7 receptor stimulation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Salu BR, Ferreira RS, Brito MV, Ottaiano TF, Cruz JWMC, Silva MCC, Correia MTS, Paiva PMG, Maffei FHA, Oliva MLV. CrataBL, a lectin and Factor Xa inhibitor, plays a role in blood coagulation and impairs thrombus formation. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1027-35. [PMID: 25153385 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is an important complication of diabetes and cancer, being an important target for therapeutic intervention. Crataeva tapia bark lectin (CrataBL) has been previously shown to have hypoglycemiant effect and also to induce cancer cell apoptosis. It also showed inhibitory activity against Factor Xa (Kiapp=8.6 μm). In the present study, we evaluated the anti-thrombotic properties of CrataBL in arterial thrombosis model. CrataBL prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time on human and mouse plasma, and it impairs the heparin-induced potentiation of antithrombin III and heparin-induced platelet activation in the presence of low-dose ADP. It is likely that the dense track of positive charge on CrataBL surface competes with the heparin ability to bind to antithrombin III and to stimulate platelets. In the photochemically induced thrombosis model in mice, in the groups treated with 1.25, 5.0, or 10 mg/kg CrataBL, prior to the thrombus induction, the time of total artery occlusion was prolonged by 33.38%, 65%, and 66.11%, respectively, relative to the time of the control group. In contrast to heparin, the bleeding time in CrataBL-treated mice was no longer than in the control. In conclusion, CrataBL was effective in blocking coagulation and arterial thrombus formation, without increasing bleeding time.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen N, Lv J, Bo L, Li N, Wu C, Yin X, Li J, Tao J, Chen J, He Y, Huang S, Xiao J, Mao C, Xu Z. Muscarinic-mediated vasoconstriction in human, rat and sheep umbilical cords and related vasoconstriction mechanisms. BJOG 2014; 122:1630-9. [PMID: 25403992 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The umbilical cord provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on umbilical cords from humans and other mammals, and the mechanisms of ACh-mediated vasoconstriction in the human umbilical cord. DESIGN Human and animal umbilical cords used in vascular and cellular experiments. SETTING Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. POPULATION A total of 85 pregnant women, 16 Sprague Dawley rats and seven pregnant sheep. METHODS Umbilical cord veins and arteries from humans, rats and sheep, aortas and mesenteric arteries from rats, and mesenteric, carotid and femoral arteries from ovine fetuses were used to compare vascular functions in response to ACh and to determine the mechanisms of ACh-mediated umbilical vasoconstriction. Vascular tension and ion channel currents were measured on isolated vessels and smooth muscle cells from human umbilical cords. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Provision of new evidence to conclude that ACh-stimulated vasoconstriction is common to all umbilical cords, and cellular mechanisms are linked to potassium channels. RESULTS ACh caused reliable vasoconstriction in umbilical veins/arteries in humans, rats and sheep, but not in any other vessels, including fetal vessels. Atropine inhibited the effects of ACh. The mRNA of ACh-muscarinic receptor subtypes M1 -M5 was expressed in human umbilical vessels. The protein kinase C antagonist GF109203X and the calcium inhibitor nifedipine decreased ACh-induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical vessels. ACh also caused a reduction in whole-cell potassium channel currents and the single-channel current of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKca) channels. CONCLUSION Umbilical vessels are significantly different from other vessels in their response to ACh. BKca channels in smooth muscle cells may play important roles in ACh-mediated vasoconstriction in human umbilical cords. This information may be important for fetal medicine and practice with regard to the effect on fetal development of umbilical vascular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Chen
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Lv
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - L Bo
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - N Li
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - C Wu
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - X Yin
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Tao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y He
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - S Huang
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Xiao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - C Mao
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute for Fetology and Reproductive Medicine Center, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Lorna Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prakash A, Babu K, Morjaria J. Novel anti-cholinergics in COPD. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
19
|
Andrade GPV, Lima MA, de Souza Junior AA, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt DA, Santos EA, Chavante SF, Oliveira FW, Rocha HAO, Nader HB. A heparin-like compound isolated from a marine crab rich in glucuronic acid 2-O-sulfate presents low anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:647-54. [PMID: 23544586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A natural heparin-like compound isolated from the crab Goniopsis cruentata was structurally characterized and its anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities were determined. Enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that its structure is rich in disulfated disaccharides, possessing significant amounts of 2-O-sulfated-β-D-glucuronic acid units. Furthermore, low amounts of trisulfated disaccharide units containing 2-O-sulfated-α-L-iduronic acid were detected, when compared to mammalian heparin. In addition, this heparin-like structure showed negligible in vitro anticoagulant activity and low bleeding potency, facts that make it a suitable candidate for the development of structure-driven, heparin based therapeutic agents with fewer undesirable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna P V Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heparin-integrin interaction in endothelial cells: Downstream signaling and heparan sulfate expression. J Cell Physiol 2013; 227:2740-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Xie-Zukauskas H, Das J, Short BL, Gutkind JS, Ray PE. Heparin inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction on isolated mouse mesenteric resistance arteries through Rho-A- and PKA-dependent pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:313-8. [PMID: 23268358 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is commonly used to treat intravascular thrombosis in children undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiopulmonary bypass. These clinical circumstances are associated with elevated plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). However, the mechanisms by which heparin modulates vascular reactivity of Ang II remain unclear. We hypothesized that heparin may offset Ang II-induced vasoconstriction on mesenteric resistance arteries through modulating the Rho-A/Rho kinase pathway. Vascular contractility was studied by using pressurized, resistance-sized mesenteric arteries from mice. Rho-A activation was measured by pull-down assay, and myosin light chain or PKA phosphorylation by immunoblotting. We found that heparin significantly attenuated vasoconstriction induced by Ang II but not that by KCl. The combined effect of Ang II with heparin was almost abolished by a specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Ang II stimulated Rho-A activation and myosin light chain phosphorylation, both responses were antagonized by heparin. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of heparin on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction was reversed by Rp-cAMPS (cAMP-dependent PKA inhibitor), blunted by ODQ (soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and mimicked by a cell-permeable cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, but not by a cAMP analogue. PKC and Src kinase were not involved. We conclude that heparin inhibits Ang II-induced vasoconstriction through Rho-A/Rho kinase- and cGMP/PKA-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie-Zukauskas
- Research Center for Molecular Physiology, Children's Research Institute, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Muscarinic receptors and their antagonists in COPD: anti-inflammatory and antiremodeling effects. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:409580. [PMID: 23226927 PMCID: PMC3512336 DOI: 10.1155/2012/409580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors are expressed by most cell types and mediate cellular signaling of their natural ligand acetylcholine. Thereby, they control numerous central and peripheral physiological organ responses to neuronal activity. In the human lung, muscarinic receptors are predominantly expressed by smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Antimuscarinic agents are used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to a lesser extent for asthma. They are primarily used as bronchodilators, but it is now accepted that they are also associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiremodeling effects. Remodeling of the small airways is a major pathology in COPD and impairs lung function through changes of the extracellular matrix. Glycosaminoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid, and matrix metalloproteases are among extracellular matrix molecules that have been associated with tissue inflammation and remodeling in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Since muscarinic receptors have been shown to influence the homeostasis of glycosaminoglycans and matrix metalloproteases, these molecules may be proved valuable endpoint targets in clinical studies for the pharmacological exploitation of the anti-inflammatory and antiremodeling effects of muscarinic inhibitors in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
Collapse
|
23
|
Paredes-Gamero EJ, Medeiros VP, Lima MA, Accardo CM, Farias EHC, Sassaki GI, Campana PT, Miranda A, Ferreira AT, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. Chemical reduction of carboxyl groups in heparin abolishes its vasodilatory activity. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1359-67. [PMID: 22134887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that heparin induces vascular relaxation via integrin-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the muscarinic receptor. The aim of this study was to identify the structural features of heparin that are necessary for the induction of vasodilatation. To address this issue, we tested heparin from various sources for their vasodilatation activities in the rat aorta ring. Structural and chemical characteristics of heparin, such as its molecular weight and substitution pattern, did not show a direct correlation with the vasodilation activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) of circular dichroism (CD), (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vasodilation activity measurements confirmed that there is no direct relationship between the physico-chemical nature and vasodilation activity of the tested heparin samples. To further understand these observations, unfractionated heparin (UFH) from bovine intestinal mucosa, which showed the highest relaxation effect, was chemically modified. Interestingly, non-specific O- and N-desulfation of heparin reduced its anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and antihemostatic activities, but had no effect on its ability to induce vasodilation. On the other hand, chemical reduction of the carboxyl groups abolished heparin-induced vasodilation and reduced the affinity of heparin toward the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, dextran and dextran sulfate (linear non-sulfated and highly sulfated polysaccharides, respectively) did not induce significant relaxation, showing that the vasodilation activity of polysaccharides is neither charge-dependent nor backbone unspecific. Our results suggest that desulfated heparin molecules may be used as vasoactive agents due to their low side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shahidullah M, Mandal A, Beimgraben C, Delamere NA. Hyposmotic stress causes ATP release and stimulates Na,K-ATPase activity in porcine lens. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1428-37. [PMID: 21618533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors in lens epithelium suggest lens function can be altered by chemical signals from aqueous humor or the lens itself. Here we show release of ATP by intact porcine lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution (200 mOsm). 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) added together with probenecid eliminated the ATP increase. N-ethylmaleimide (200 µM), an exocytotic inhibitor, had no significant effect on ATP increase. Lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution displayed a ~400% increase of propidium iodide (PI) entry into the epithelium. The increased ability of PI (MW 668) to enter the epithelium suggests possible opening of connexin and/or pannexin hemichannels. This is consistent with detection of connexin 43, connexin 50, and pannexin 1 in the epithelium and the ability of AGA + probenecid to prevent ATP release. Na,K-ATPase activity doubled in the epithelium of lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution. The increase of Na,K-ATPase activity did not occur when apyrase was used to prevent extracellular ATP accumulation or when AGA + probenecid prevented ATP release. The increase of Na,K-ATPase activity was inhibited by the purinergic P2 antagonist reactive blue-2 and pertussis toxin, a G-protein inhibitor, but not by the P2X antagonist PPADS. Hyposmotic solution activated Src family kinase (SFK) in the epithelium, judged by Western blot. The SFK inhibitor PP2 abolished both SFK activation and the Na,K-ATPase activity increase. In summary, hyposmotic shock-induced ATP release is sufficient to activate a purinergic receptor- and SFK-dependent mechanism that stimulates Na,K-ATPase activity. The responses might signify an autoregulatory loop initiated by mechanical stress or osmotic swelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shahidullah
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|