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Liu J, Shao S, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Ding X, Zhao L, Wang J, Ji X, Dai Q, Du M, Zhang Z. Antecubital vein combined with femoral vein pathway could shorten the learning curve of simultaneous bilateral adrenal vein sampling. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:635-644. [PMID: 38751037 PMCID: PMC11180688 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
During our previous bilateral adrenal vein sampling (AVS) procedure, the authors observed that accessing the left adrenal vein through the antecubital vein was more feasible than the conventional femoral vein. Meanwhile, the femoral vein pathway facilitated access to the right adrenal vein than the antecubital vein pathway. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that simultaneous bilateral AVS via the antecubital combined with the femoral vein pathway could improve the success rate. A total of 94 cases of AVS via the antecubital combined with the femoral vein pathway were performed, while the remaining 20 cases employed the antecubital vein pathway at our center between August 2020 and April 2023. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted in this study using 15 selected articles to determine the success rate of AVS in each center and pathway. The success rate of ACTH-stimulated simultaneous bilateral AVS via the antecubital vein combined with the femoral vein pathway was 92.85% (P = .503) on the right and 95.00% (P < .001) on the left. In the antecubital vein pathway, the success rates were only 25.00% (P < .001) on the right side and 80.00% (P = .289) on the left side. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated a success rate of 78.16% on the right and 94.98% on the left for ACTH-stimulated AVS via the femoral vein pathway. Based on our center's experience, simultaneous bilateral adrenal vein sampling via the combined pathway could improve the success rate of AVS in the short term and shorten the learning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiuli Wang
- Department of NursingShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinliang Wang
- School of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Department of NursingShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiuyan Dai
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingli Du
- Department of NursingShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General Hospital (originally named Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicineShanghaiChina
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Kobayashi K, Alkukhun L, Rey E, Salaskar A, Acharya R. Adrenal Vein Sampling: Tips and Tricks. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230115. [PMID: 38662586 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the standard method for distinguishing unilateral from bilateral sources of autonomous aldosterone production in patients with primary aldosteronism. This procedure has been performed at limited specialized centers due to its technical complexity. With recent advances in imaging technology and knowledge of adrenal vein anatomy in parallel with the development of adjunctive techniques, AVS has become easier to perform, even at nonspecialized centers. Although rare, anatomic variants of the adrenal veins can cause sampling failure or misinterpretation of the sampling results. The inferior accessory hepatic vein and the inferior emissary vein are useful anatomic landmarks for right adrenal vein cannulation, which is the most difficult and crucial step in AVS. Meticulous assessment of adrenal vein anatomy on multidetector CT images and the use of a catheter suitable for the anatomy are crucial for adrenal vein cannulation. Adjunctive techniques such as intraprocedural cortisol assay, cone-beam CT, and coaxial guidewire-catheter techniques are useful tools to confirm right adrenal vein cannulation or to troubleshoot difficult blood sampling. Interventional radiologists should be involved in interpreting the sampling results because technical factors may affect the results. In rare instances, bilateral adrenal suppression, in which aldosterone-to-cortisol ratios of both adrenal glands are lower than that of the inferior vena cava, can be encountered. Repeat sampling may be necessary in this situation. Collaboration with endocrinology and laboratory medicine services is of great importance to optimize the quality of the samples and for smooth and successful operation. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Kobayashi
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology (K.K., L.A., E.R., A.S.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.A.), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Leen Alkukhun
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology (K.K., L.A., E.R., A.S.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.A.), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Emily Rey
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology (K.K., L.A., E.R., A.S.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.A.), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Abhijit Salaskar
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology (K.K., L.A., E.R., A.S.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.A.), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Runa Acharya
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology (K.K., L.A., E.R., A.S.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.A.), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210
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Araujo-Castro M, Ruiz-Sánchez JG, Parra Ramírez P, Martín Rojas-Marcos P, Aguilera-Saborido A, Gómez Cerezo JF, López Lazareno N, Torregrosa Quesada ME, Gorrin Ramos J, Oriola J, Poch E, Oliveras A, Méndez Monter JV, Gómez Muriel I, Bella-Cueto MR, Mercader Cidoncha E, Runkle I, Hanzu FA. Screening and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Consensus document of all the Spanish Societies involved in the management of primary aldosteronism. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03751-1. [PMID: 38448679 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension (HT), and is associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk than essential HT. However, PA remains underdiagnosed, probably due to several difficulties clinicians usually find in performing its diagnosis and subtype classification. The aim of this consensus is to provide practical recommendations focused on the prevalence and the diagnosis of PA and the clinical implications of aldosterone excess, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in a nominal group consensus approach by experts from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spanish Radiology Society (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC(ML)), Spanish Society of Anatomic-Pathology, Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS)., Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sánchez
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Parra Ramírez
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nieves López Lazareno
- Biochemical Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Gorrin Ramos
- Biochemical department, Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, CDB. Hospital Clínic. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Poch
- Nephrology Department. Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Oliveras
- Nephrology Department. Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, ES, Spain
| | | | | | - María Rosa Bella-Cueto
- Pathology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Mercader Cidoncha
- General Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Fellow European Board of Surgery -Endocrine Surgery, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Runkle
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic. IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhang X, Shu X, Wu F, Yang J, Cheng Q, Du Z, Song Y, Yang Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Q, Yang S. Treatment decision based on unilateral index from nonadrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens 2024; 42:450-459. [PMID: 37937517 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is recommended for identifying the subtype of primary aldosteronism before making a surgical treatment decision, but failed cannulation of one adrenal vein is common. To evaluate whether using results of one adrenal vein during AVS could accurately predict unilateral primary aldosteronism. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in primary aldosteronism patients receiving bilaterally or unilaterally successful AVS. The aldosterone-cortisol ratio from the adrenal vein divided by the aldosterone-cortisol ratio from the inferior vena cava (IVC) was calculated as the AV/IVC index. RESULTS The study examined 455 patients with primary aldosteronism, including 347 patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism. Among them, 250 and 125 patients received non- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and ACTH-stimulated AVS, respectively, and 80 patients received both forms of AVS. Under non-ACTH-stimulated AVS, AUC of the AV/IVC index to diagnose ipsilateral and contralateral primary aldosteronism were 0.778 and 0.924, respectively. The specificity was 100% for both, with sensitivities of 5 and 26%, respectively, when using cutoffs of 17.05 to diagnose ipsilateral primary aldosteronism and 0.15 to diagnose contralateral primary aldosteronism. When using cutoffs of 3.60 and 0.70, the specificity decreased, but if combined with CT results (ipsilateral or contralateral adrenal nodules larger than 10 mm), the specificity could be maintained at 99%, with sensitivities of 33 and 45%, respectively. Under ACTH-stimulated AVS, the AV/IVC index showed similar accuracy to diagnose ipsilateral and contralateral primary aldosteronism. CONCLUSION The unilateral AV/IVC index can be used to diagnose unilateral primary aldosteronism during AVS. Combining CT results can increase the accuracy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Xiaoyu Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Monash University
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Zhipeng Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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Ng E, Chong W, Lau KK, Gwini SM, Carroll RW, Doery JC, Fuller PJ, Yang J. The where, who and how of adrenal vein sampling in Australia and New Zealand. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2024; 68:87-93. [PMID: 37694592 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes 10-15% of cases of hypertension, and it is increasingly recognised as being under-diagnosed. An interventional radiology procedure, adrenal vein sampling (AVS), is a necessary and important diagnostic procedure for complete workup of PA. There is an anticipated increase in demand for AVS as detection of PA improves. This study aims to describe the current landscape of AVS in Australia and New Zealand (NZ). METHODS Two surveys exploring AVS methodology and performance were conducted of (i) Endocrinology Unit Heads and (ii) interventional radiologists who perform AVS, at public hospitals with Endocrinology Units across Australia and NZ. RESULTS Responses were received from 48/53 Endocrinology Unit Heads (91%) and 35 radiologists from 26 sites (87% of AVS sites). AVS was provided at 28/48 Endocrinology sites (58%) across Australia and NZ. In Australia, sites were concentrated in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland with none in the Northern Territory; in NZ, sites were more evenly distributed across the North and South Islands. AVS was performed by 1-2 dedicated radiologists at 24 sites, 2-3 radiologists at two sites and a rotating roster of radiologists at two sites. Responses to both surveys revealed significant variation in AVS methodology and interpretation of AVS results. CONCLUSION There is significant heterogeneity in the availability of AVS, the procedural details and the interpretation of results across Australia and NZ, which potentially impacts the quality of patient care and ability to scale up AVS capacity to meet increasing demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ng
- Centre for Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Winston Chong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth K Lau
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella May Gwini
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard W Carroll
- Department of Endocrinology, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Cg Doery
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jun Yang
- Centre for Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
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Kim BC, Yoon HK, Park KJ, Kim GH, Pak SJ, Kwon D, Cho JW, Kim WW, Lee YM, Koh JM, Lee SH, Chung KW, Sung TY. Diagnostic consistency between computed tomography and adrenal vein sampling of primary aldosteronism: leading to successful curative outcome after adrenalectomy; a retrospective study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:839-846. [PMID: 37916935 PMCID: PMC10871665 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for locating adrenal lesion in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients. However, adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is considered as a gold standard for subtype diagnosis of PA. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of CT and AVS for the diagnosis of PA subtypes and evaluate the concordance of surgical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 264 PA patients having both CT and AVS. Diagnostic consistency between CT and AVS was accessed, and clinical and biochemical outcomes were evaluated at 6 months after adrenalectomy. RESULTS Of all, 207 (78%) had a CT unilateral lesion, 31 (12%) CT bilateral lesion, and 26 (10%) CT bilateral normal findings. Among the CT unilateral lesion group, 138 (67%) had ipsilateral AVS lateralization. For CT bilateral lesion and bilateral normal, AVS unilateral lateralization was found in 17 (55%) and 2 (8%), respectively. The consistency between CT lesion and AVS lateralization including CT unilateral with AVS ipsilateral, and CT bilateral lesion with AVS bilateral patients was 63.8% (152/238). Of 77 patients with available data out of 138 patients who underwent adrenalectomy with consistency between CT and AVS, the clinical success rate was 96%, for 17 inconsistency patients out of 22 patients who underwent adrenalectomy, the clinical success rate was 94% after adrenalectomy following the lateralization result of AVS. CONCLUSION CT is a useful tool to diagnose the adrenal lesion in PA patients. However, AVS is more sufficient to detect the unilateral PA subtype, which could provide curable treatment to surgical candidates of PA such that AVS can identify patients with contralateral PA in CT unilateral lesion and unilateral PA in CT bilateral lesion. The surgical outcome was successful when an adrenalectomy was performed according to the AVS lateralization result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dong H, Huang J, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Liu M, Yan Z, Li J, Chen Y, Zou Y, Wang J, Kang Y, Jiang Z, Song W, Zuo Y, Xiong H, Xu J, Jiang X. Adrenal Venous Sampling Via an Antecubital Approach in Primary Aldosteronism: A Multicenter Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e274-e279. [PMID: 37466201 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the gold standard for differentiating unilateral and bilateral forms of primary aldosteronism. Currently, almost all AVS procedures are performed via femoral vein access. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and safety of AVS via an antecubital approach. METHODS In a retrospective multicenter study involving 7 Chinese medical centers, patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS via an antecubital approach between January 2012 and December 2018 were analyzed. Successful sampling was determined by a selectivity index (cortisol in the adrenal vein/cortisol in inferior vena cava) greater than 2. RESULTS A total of 1226 participants (mean age, 47.1 years; 57.9% male) were included. The puncture site was right and left antecubital vein in 1211 (98.8%), and 15 (1.2%) patients. The access of 6 patients (0.5%) was changed to right femoral vein due to the failure of antecubital vein cannulation or anatomic variation of adrenal vein. The success rate of bilateral, right, and left sampling was 91.5%, 94.9%, and 95.1%, respectively. The success rate of bilateral, right, and left sampling increased from 82.9%, 87.1%, and 88.6% during the initial 70 cases (total of initial 10 cases at each center) to 92.0% (P = .012), 95.3% (P = .008), and 95.5% (P = .018) with subsequent cases. Adrenal vein rupture occurred in 5 patients (0.41%), with no sequelae. CONCLUSION This multicenter study demonstrates that AVS via an antecubital approach is safe and feasible, with a high rate of successful sampling, which may be an alternative to the femoral vein access method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 463599, China
| | - Zhitao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yubao Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yujie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hongliang Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiongjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Xiong H, Du L, Yang J, Hu W, Huang J, Li Y, Chen X, Dong Y. The left adrenal vein: An important direction for right adrenal venous sampling. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1145-1150. [PMID: 37885359 PMCID: PMC10710546 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the guiding role of left adrenal vein (LAV) for right adrenal venous sampling (AVS). A total of 347 patients who were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) and underwent successful AVS procedures from January 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different quadrant position of the orifice of right adrenal vein (RAV), the area where the orifice of RAV is located is divided into three areas: A, B, and C and the area A is further subdivided into A1, A2, and A3 areas. By counting the area where the orifice of RAV is located, the guiding role of the LAV on the RAV is determined. Most of the orifice of RAV are located in area A, and the proportions of areas A, B, and C was 96.8%, 1.4%, and 1.7%, respectively. In area A, areas A1, A2, and A3 account for 80.9%, 17.0%, and 2.1%, respectively. High body mass index, female and smaller the angle between the LAV and horizontal line was associated with the closer positional relationship between the LAV on the RAV. These findings suggest that most of the horizontal position of the RAV orifice is close to the horizontal position of the most distal end of the LAV, which indicate that the LAV location can play an important role on the guiding for right AVS. Additionally, body mass index, sex, and the angle of the LAV was largely related to location of the orifice of the RAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xiong
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Li Du
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - WeiTong Hu
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - JiaBing Huang
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - YunDe Li
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - YiFei Dong
- Department of Cardiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Shen Z, Xu S, Guan S, Chen B, Li Q, Yu M, Gao Z. Utility of right adrenal signature veins in venous sampling for primary aldosteronism. Ann Med 2023; 55:2234934. [PMID: 37452706 PMCID: PMC10351465 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2234934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the appropriate signature veins for the right adrenal gland using a 3D model fused with adrenal venography images and to verify their accuracy through the selectivity index (SI) >2. METHODS We analyzed the right adrenal venography images of 41 patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS). These images were merged with a 3D structure of the adrenal gland to identify the signature veins of the right adrenal gland. We then used the signature veins observed during adrenal venography to determine the optimal position of the catheter tip during AVS for 53 other patients. Finally, we verified the accuracy of this method according to the SI. RESULTS We successfully fused the 3D models of 41 cases with adrenal venography images. We identified the trunk branch type as the major venous morphology in the right anterior oblique at degrees of 30 (38 cases, 92.7%). In addition, the central vein, brush vein, uvula vein, and capsular vein were identified as signature veins for the right AVS. The accuracy of AVS was 100% in the other 53 patients, as verified by an SI >2. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the right adrenal signature veins, including the previously overlooked uvula vein, which can be used to determine the position of the catheter tip and improve the success rate of AVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Shen
- Hybrid Operation Room, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Xiangyang Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Siyu Guan
- Department of General Practice, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Qingan Li
- Department of General Practice, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of General Practice, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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10
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Oguro S, Ota H, Yanagaki S, Kawabata M, Kamada H, Omata K, Tezuka Y, Ono Y, Morimoto R, Satoh F, Toyama H, Tanimoto K, Konno D, Yamauchi M, Niwa Y, Miyamoto H, Mori K, Tanaka T, Ishihata H, Takase K. Transvenous Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for an Aldosterone-Producing Tumor of the Left Adrenal Gland: A First in Human Case Report. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1666-1673. [PMID: 37973663 PMCID: PMC10695866 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel technique of transvenous radiofrequency catheter ablation of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) of the left adrenal gland using the GOS System (Japan Lifeline, Tokyo, Japan). Using the GOS system, a flexible radiofrequency tip catheter can be inserted into the adrenal central and tributary veins, the drainers for functional tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS An APA at the left adrenal gland, which was diagnosed by segmental adrenal venous sampling following administration of 0.25 mg cosyntropin, was ablated using the GOS catheter inserted into adrenal tributary veins via a right femoral vein 7-Fr sheath. The effect of radiofrequency ablation on APA was assessed using the international consensus on surgical outcomes for unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). RESULTS No device-related complications were observed. The patient was deeply sedated under blood pressure and heart rate control with continuous administration of β-blockers. Then, the tumor and surrounding adrenal gland were cauterized at 7000 J two times each in sequence. The output time was 7-11 min for each ablation and 80 min in total. For blood pressure and pulse rate control, esmolol hydrochloride and phentolamine mesylate were used. The contrast enhancement of APA disappeared on dynamic CT immediately after the procedure. PA was biochemically cured until 12 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION Using the radiofrequency device with the GOS catheter and system is a method for cauterizing adrenal tumors from blood vessels. This approach resulted in a marked reduction in aldosterone concentrations and a complete biochemical cure of PA over the observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Oguro
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Ota
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Yanagaki
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawabata
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kamada
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kei Omata
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuta Tezuka
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Ono
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kouta Tanimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Konno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Niwa
- Research & Development Department, Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisao Miyamoto
- Research & Development Department, Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mori
- Research & Development Department, Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kei Takase
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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11
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Zuo R, Liu S, Xu L, Pang H. Key to the Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism in Secondary Hypertension: Subtype Diagnosis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:471-480. [PMID: 37787864 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a leading global cause of secondary hypertension. Subtyping diagnosis of PA is the key to surgery, but accurate classification of PA is crucial but challenging in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of current literature and propose subtyping diagnosis flow chart to help us classify PA quickly and accurately. RECENT FINDINGS Early diagnosis and accurate typing are essential for the timely treatment and appropriate management of PA. For most patients, adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the central choice for typing diagnosis, but AVS is invasive and difficult to promote effectively. CT can help identify unilateral typical adenomas in select patients to avoid AVS. New radionuclide imaging has shown value in the diagnosis and classification of PA, which distinguishes adrenocortical hyperplasia from adenoma and can replace AVS in some patients. Accurately diagnosing unilateral PA is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy for PA. The simple flow chart of PA subtyping diagnosis based on the current literature needs to be verified and evaluated by follow-up researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hua Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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12
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Maier P, Heinze B, Gabor S, Reese S, Hahner S, Schirbel A. Fluorinated aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)-inhibitors for differential diagnosis between bilateral and unilateral conditions of primary aldosteronism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129501. [PMID: 37804995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is specifically expressed in aldosterone-producing tissue of the adrenal cortex and is overexpressed in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). It therefore represents an ideal target for molecular imaging, particularly for the differential diagnosis between bilateral hyperplasia and unilateral APA in primary aldosteronism. However, the presence of the cortisol-producing enzyme 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) in the adrenal cortex remains very challenging owing to its high homology to CYP11B2. Within this study, we efficiently synthesized a variety of disubstituted fluorinated pyridines and pyrazines by Suzuki coupling reactions. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 in transfected Y1 cells and in NCI-h295 cells. Several compounds were found to exhibit excellent affinity (IC50 < 10 nM) to CYP11B2 as well as strong selectivity (up to 125-fold) over CYP11B1. These findings support the further development of an analogous 18F-labelled PET tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Maier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University (OvGU), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Britta Heinze
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gabor
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samario Reese
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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13
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O'Malley KJ, Alnablsi MW, Xi Y, Pathak M, Khan F, Pillai AK, Kathuria MK, Vongpatanasin W. Diagnostic performance of the adrenal vein to inferior vena cava aldosterone ratio in classifying the subtype of primary aldosteronism. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2535-2542. [PMID: 37673958 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the standard procedure for distinguishing unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) from bilateral PA. In cases where only one adrenal vein is successfully cannulated, it has been suggested that subtype classification can be determined based on the ratio of the concentration of aldosterone between the adrenal vein and the inferior vena cava (AV/IVC index). However, diagnostic performance of the ipsilateral versus contralateral AV/IVC index in predicting lateralization has not been directly compared. In a retrospective cohort of 133 patients with confirmed PA who underwent successful AVS, the performance of the AV/IVC index to predict laterality was evaluated and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves was calculated. In detecting left unilateral PA (n = 47), the AUROC of the right AV/IVC index (RAV/IVC) was significantly higher than the AUROC of the left AV/IVC (LAV/IVC) index (0.967 vs. 0.871, p = 0.008). In detecting right unilateral PA (n = 30), the AUROC of the LAV/IVC index tended to be higher than that of the RAV/IVC index, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (0.966 vs. 0.906, p = 0.08). In detecting left unilateral PA, the sensitivities of the RAV/IVC and LAV/IVC indices were 83% and 46%, respectively, while the specificities of both were above 90%. In detecting right unilateral PA, the sensitivities of the LAV/IVC and RAV/IVC indices were 80% and 43%, respectively, while the specificities of both were above 90%. The AV/IVC index has superior diagnostic performance in detecting contralateral unilateral PA compared to ipsilateral unilateral PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J O'Malley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mhd W Alnablsi
- Department of Radiology (Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology (Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mona Pathak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Radiology (Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Pillai
- Department of Radiology (Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manoj K Kathuria
- Department of Radiology (Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Hypertension Section), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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14
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Fang C, Dai J, Zhao J, Huang X, He W, Xu J, Sun F. Surgery based on computed tomography images might be feasible for primary aldosteronism patients with visible unilateral adenoma. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1001-1008. [PMID: 37793023 PMCID: PMC10631094 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) with unilateral adrenal disease can be cured or improved by adrenalectomy. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is recommended to identify patients for surgical management. However, surgeries based on computed tomography (CT) images are only advocated for PA patients aged <35 with visible unilateral adenoma. Herein, we aimed to compare CT-based and AVS-based surgery outcomes for PA patients with visible unilateral adenomas for different age groups. A total of 178 PA patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy between June 2018 and January 2021 were included in the study based on CT (n = 54) or AVS (n = 124). Demographics, diagnostics, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected. Clinical and biochemical outcomes were analyzed according to Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criteria at 1-year follow-up. Our results showed that complete clinical success (46.3% vs. 47.6%, p = 0.875) and complete biochemical success (88.8% vs. 91.9%, p = 0.515) were similar between the two groups. Age stratification revealed that patients >55 years old were likely to have worse biochemical outcomes; however, these were still not significantly different (21.4% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.220). Of the 114 AVS-based patients who achieved complete biochemical success, 37 (32.4%) with bilateral normal or bilateral abnormal CT images changed treatment options according to AVS results, 1 (0.9%) avoided adrenalectomy on the wrong side. Our results indicated that surgery based on CT images might be feasible for highly selected PA patients with visible unilateral adenomas and less limited by age, while for those with normal adrenal or bilateral adrenal lesions, treatment strategy must be decided by AVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Juping Zhao
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei He
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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15
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Rossi GP, Bagordo D, Amar L, Azizi M, Riester A, Reincke M, Degenhart C, Widimský J, Naruse M, Deinum J, Kocjan T, Negro A, Rossi E, Kline G, Tanabe A, Satoh F, Rump LC, Vonend O, Willenberg HS, Fuller PJ, Yang J, Chee NYN, Magill SB, Shafigullina Z, Quinkler M, Oliveras A, Lee BC, Chang CC, Wu VC, Krátká Z, Battistel M, Rossitto G, Seccia TM. Unilaterally Selective Adrenal Vein Sampling for Identification of Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism. Hypertension 2023; 80:2003-2013. [PMID: 37317838 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal venous sampling is recommended for the identification of unilateral surgically curable primary aldosteronism but is often clinically useless, owing to failed bilateral adrenal vein cannulation. OBJECTIVES To investigate if only unilaterally selective adrenal vein sampling studies can allow the identification of the responsible adrenal. METHODS Among 1625 patients consecutively submitted to adrenal vein sampling in tertiary referral centers, we selected those with selective adrenal vein sampling results in at least one side; we used surgically cured unilateral primary aldosteronism as gold reference. The accuracy of different values of the relative aldosterone secretion index (RASI), which estimates the amount of aldosterone produced in each adrenal gland corrected for catheterization selectivity, was examined. RESULTS We found prominent differences in RASI values distribution between patients with and without unilateral primary aldosteronism. The diagnostic accuracy of RASI values estimated by the area under receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.714 and 0.855, respectively, in the responsible and the contralateral side; RASI values >2.55 and ≤0.96 on the former and the latter side furnished the highest accuracy for detection of surgically cured unilateral primary aldosteronism. Moreover, in the patients without unilateral primary aldosteronism, only 20% and 16% had RASI values ≤0.96 and >2.55. CONCLUSIONS With the strength of a large real-life data set and use of the gold reference entailing an unambiguous diagnosis of unilateral primary aldosteronism, these results indicate the feasibility of identifying unilateral primary aldosteronism using unilaterally selective adrenal vein sampling results. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT01234220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Rossi
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy (G.P.R., D.B., G.R., T.M.S.)
| | - Domenico Bagordo
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy (G.P.R., D.B., G.R., T.M.S.)
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 970 and CIC1418, F-75015 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Hypertension Unit, F-75015 Paris, France (L.A., M.A.)
| | - Michel Azizi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 970 and CIC1418, F-75015 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Hypertension Unit, F-75015 Paris, France (L.A., M.A.)
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany (A.R., M.R., C.D.)
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany (A.R., M.R., C.D.)
| | - Christoph Degenhart
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany (A.R., M.R., C.D.)
| | - Jiří Widimský
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (J.W., Z.K.)
| | - Mitsuhide Naruse
- Department of Endocrinology Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center and Endocrine Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.N.)
| | - Jaap Deinum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.D.)
| | - Tomaz Kocjan
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T.K.)
| | - Aurelio Negro
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Center, Ospedale Sant'Anna di Castelnovo Ne' Monti, Azienda Usl-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia (A.N., E.R.)
| | - Ermanno Rossi
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Center, Ospedale Sant'Anna di Castelnovo Ne' Monti, Azienda Usl-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia (A.N., E.R.)
| | - Gregory Kline
- Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Canada (G.K.)
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (A.T.)
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (F.S.)
| | - Lars Christian Rump
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (L.C.R., O.V.)
| | - Oliver Vonend
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (L.C.R., O.V.)
| | - Holger S Willenberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany (H.S.W.)
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia (P.J.F., J.Y., N.Y.N.C.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia (P.J.F., J.Y., N.Y.N.C.)
| | | | - Steven B Magill
- Endocrinology Center, North Hills Health Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Menomonee Falls (S.B.M.)
| | | | | | - Anna Oliveras
- Hypertension Unit, Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (A.O.)
| | - Bo-Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital (B.-C.L., C.-C.C.), Taipei
| | - Chin-Chen Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital (B.-C.L., C.-C.C.), Taipei
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine (C.-C.C.), Taipei
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine (V.C.W.), Taipei
| | - Zuzana Krátká
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (J.W., Z.K.)
| | | | - Giacomo Rossitto
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy (G.P.R., D.B., G.R., T.M.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (G.R.)
| | - Teresa Maria Seccia
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy (G.P.R., D.B., G.R., T.M.S.)
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16
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Luther JM, Turcu AF. Unilaterally Successful Adrenal Vein Sampling: Use or Repeat? Hypertension 2023; 80:2014-2016. [PMID: 37729635 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Luther
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.M.L.)
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (A.F.T.)
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17
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Umapathysivam MM, Morgan B, Bischoff C, Hayes A, Wilks M, Stowasser M, Torpy DJ. Intraprocedural cortisol testing improves adrenal vein cannulation success and diagnostic accuracy in assessment of primary aldosteronism, in a medium throughput centre. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:783-787. [PMID: 36180577 PMCID: PMC10471492 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Identifying individuals who have unilateral secretion from aldosterone secreting adenomas allows adrenalectomy. Surgical treatment when feasible may be superior to medical management with improved cardiovascular outcomes and reduced medication dependence. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to biochemically lateralise aldosterone secretion prior to adrenalectomy. However, diagnostic success of AVS is variable and can be poor even at tertiary centres; failure is largely due to unsuccessful adrenal vein cannulation. Intra-procedural rapid semiquantitative cortisol testing (RCT) identifies correct catheter placement in real time. We compared diagnostic success rates of AVS before and after the introduction of intraprocedural cortisol testing at the Royal Adelaide Hospital-a medium throughput tertiary centre (average 6.2 procedures a year over the last 8 years). We observed an increase in success rate from 63% to 94%. Intraprocedural cortisol testing also led to a net financial saving of ~$100 AUD per procedure. RCT is likely to be cost effective if pre-RCT success rate is less than 78%. Procedure time and number of samples collected, however, were increased with RCT. This suggests that intraprocedural cortisol testing will improve success in low to medium throughput centres and may make AVS feasible in less specialised centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Umapathysivam
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | | - Carmen Bischoff
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Annabelle Hayes
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Wilks
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - David J Torpy
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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18
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Beninato T, Duh QY, Long KL, Kiernan CM, Miller BS, Patel S, Randle RW, Wachtel H, Zanocco KA, Zern NK, Drake FT. Challenges and controversies in adrenal surgery: A practical approach. Curr Probl Surg 2023; 60:101374. [PMID: 37770163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2023.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Beninato
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Quan-Yang Duh
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Colleen M Kiernan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN
| | - Barbra S Miller
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Snehal Patel
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Kyle A Zanocco
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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He X, Sueyoshi E, Nagayama H, Koike H, Uetani M. The hemodynamics of adrenal veins with four-dimensional computed tomography using quantitative time-density curve: a study based on aldosteronism patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14348. [PMID: 37658182 PMCID: PMC10474258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study quantitatively analyzed adrenal venous flow using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). We reviewed 4D CT images of 55 patients [mean age, 52 years ± 11 (standard deviation); 23 females] who underwent adrenal venous sampling between August 2017 and February 2021. Time-density curves were referred for the adrenal venous enhancement. The clinical factors affecting hemodynamics were assessed using uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses. The right and left adrenal veins (RAV and LAV, respectively) were visualized in all cases. Mean peak enhancement values in RAV and LAV were 247 ± 67 and 292 ± 70 Hounsfield units (P < 0.01), and were reached at 44.43 ± 6.86 and 45.39 ± 7.53 s (P < 0.01), respectively. The body mass index (BMI), plasma renin activity and potassium were significant factors influencing the peak enhancement of RAV blood flow [standardized regression coefficients, - 0.327 (P = 0.017), - 0.346 (P = 0.013), 0.426 (P = 0.016), respectively]. A linear relationship between sex and the time-to-peak was observed for RAV [standardized regression coefficient, 0.348 (P = 0.046)]. RAV had a lower contrast effect than LAV and reached its peak faster. BMI, plasma renin activity, and potassium were associated with flow density in RAV. Sex independently influenced the time-to-peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eijun Sueyoshi
- Department of Radiology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nagayama
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Koike
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masataka Uetani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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20
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Younes N, Larose S, Bourdeau I, Therasse E, Lacroix A. Role of Adrenal Vein Sampling in Guiding Surgical Decision in Primary Aldosteronism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:418-434. [PMID: 37567230 DOI: 10.1055/a-2106-4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA) to identify lateralized or bilateral sources of aldosterone excess, allowing for better decision-making in regard to medical or surgical management on a case-by-case basis. To date, no consensus exists on protocols to be used during AVS, especially concerning sampling techniques, the timing of sampling, and whether or not to use adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Interpretation criteria for selectivity, lateralization, and contralateral suppression vary from one expert center to another, with some favoring strict cut-offs to others being more permissive. Clinical and biochemical post-operative outcomes can also be influenced by AVS criteria utilized to indicate surgical therapy.In this review, we reanalyze studies on AVS highlighting the recent pathological findings of frequent micronodular hyperplasia adjacent to a dominant aldosteronoma (APA) overlapping with bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) etiologies, as opposed to the less frequent unilateral single aldosteronoma. The variable expression of melanocortin type 2 receptors in the nodules and hyperplasia may explain the frequent discordance in lateralization ratios between unstimulated and ACTH- stimulated samples. We conclude that aldosterone values collected during simultaneous bilateral sampling, both at baseline and post-ACTH stimulation, are required to adequately evaluate selectivity, lateralization, and contralateral suppression during AVS, to better identify all patients with PA that can benefit from a surgical indication. Recommended cut-offs for each ratio are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Younes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Larose
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Therasse
- Department of Radiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Araujo-Castro M, Paja Fano M, González Boillos M, Pascual-Corrales E, García Cano AM, Parra Ramírez P, Martín Rojas-Marcos P, Vicente Delgado A, Casteràs A, Puig A, García Sanz I, Díaz Guardiola P, Robles Lázaro C, Núñez MAS, Guerrero-Vázquez R, Del Castillo Tous M, Michalopoulou Alevras T, Tenes Rodrigo S, Hanzu FA. Diagnostic Accuracy of Adrenal Iodine-131 6-Beta-Iodomethyl-19-Norcholesterol Scintigraphy for the Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1934. [PMID: 37509573 PMCID: PMC10377416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 131I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) adrenal scintigraphy for the subtyping diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA), considering as gold standard for the diagnosis of unilateral PA (UPA), either the results of the adrenal venous sampling (AVS) or the outcome after adrenalectomy. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was performed on PA patients from 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals who underwent NP-59 scintigraphy with an available subtyping diagnosis. Patients were classified as UPA if biochemical cure was achieved after adrenalectomy or/and if an AVS lateralization index > 4 with ACTH stimulation or >2 without ACTH stimulation was observed. Patients were classified as having bilateral PA (BPA) if the AVS lateralization index was ≤4 with ACTH or ≤2 without ACTH stimulation or if there was evidence of bilateral adrenal nodules >1 cm in each adrenal gland detected by CT/MRI. RESULTS A total of 86 patients with PA were included (70.9% (n = 61) with UPA and 29.1% (n = 25) with BPA). Based on the NP-59 scintigraphy results, 16 patients showed normal suppressed adrenal gland uptake, and in the other 70 cases, PA was considered unilateral in 49 patients (70%) and bilateral in 21 (30%). Based on 59-scintigraphy results, 10.4% of the patients with unilateral uptake had BPA, and 27.3% of the cases with bilateral uptake had UPA. The AUC of the ROC curve of the NP-59 scintigraphy for PA subtyping was 0.812 [0.707-0.916]. Based on the results of the CT/MRI and NP-59 scintigraphy, only 6.7% of the patients with unilateral uptake had BPA, and 24% of the cases with bilateral uptake had UPA. The AUC of the ROC curve of the model combining CT/MRI and 59-scintigraphy results for subtyping PA was 0.869 [0.782-0.957]. CONCLUSION The results of NP-59 scintigraphy in association with the information provided by the CT/MRI may be useful for PA subtyping. However, their diagnostic accuracy is only moderate. Therefore, it should be considered a second-line diagnostic tool when AVS is not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Paja Fano
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Medicine Department, Basque Country University, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marga González Boillos
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, 12004 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eider Pascual-Corrales
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Parra Ramírez
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Casteràs
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Vall Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Puig
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Vall Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñigo García Sanz
- General & Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz Guardiola
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, 28702 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Robles Lázaro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Complejo Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIPAS, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Kann PH. Relevance of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Endocrinology Today: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, Insulinoma, Primary Aldosteronism-An Expert's Perspective Based on Three Decades of Scientific and Clinical Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3494. [PMID: 37444604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In endocrinology, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may be used to image the adrenals, the endocrine pancreas, and other organs where endocrine neoplasms may occur. During the recent decades, EUS has been established predominantly to assess multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, to localize insulinomas, and to identify aldosterone-producing adenomas. EUS in endocrinology requires special skills and individual experience in order to provide reliable diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herbert Kann
- German Center for Endocrine Care DEVZ, Düsseldorfer Strasse 1-7, 60329 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Philipp's University, Baldinger Strasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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23
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Boschheidgen M, Kantauskaite M, Stegbauer J, Wenker K, Dringenberg T, Radke KL, Ullrich T, Krieg A, Steuwe A, Minko P, Schott M, Rump LC, Antoch G, Schimmöller L. Contrast medium free selective adrenal vein sampling in the management of primary aldosteronism. Clin Imaging 2023; 99:25-30. [PMID: 37043870 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze contrast free adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for differentiating unilateral from bilateral disease in patients diagnosed with hypertension due to primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS Consecutive patients with PA and subsequent contrast medium free AVS between April 2015 and March 2020 were retrospectively included. Cross-sectional imaging (CSI), AVS and clinical data were analyzed regarding diagnostic performance. In addition, patients with lateralisation receiving adrenalectomy were compared to a control group treated with mineralocorticoid antagonists. RESULTS In total 186 patients with AVS were included. The success rate for bilateral catheterization was 88% (median effective dose 2.8 mSv). CSI had an accuracy of 60% (CI: 0.52-0.67) in the detection of lateralization compared to AVS. Patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and those with aldosterone-producing adenoma did not differ in systolic blood pressure (sBP) (p = 0.63) or number of antihypertensive drugs (NAD) (p = 0.11). After adrenalectomy, 28 patients were cured (51%; sBP ≤130 mmHg, NAD = 0), 18 were improved (33%; decrease of sBP ≥20 mmHg and NAD), and 8 were unchanged (15%). Serum renin increased significantly after treatment (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Contrast medium free AVS is a reliable procedure in the diagnostic management of patients with PA with high technical success rate. The accordance between CSI and results from AVS was only moderate indicating the central role of AVS in the diagnostic work-up of patients with PA. Patients with predominant disease diagnosed with AVS had a high cure rate and/or significant improvement after adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Boschheidgen
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marta Kantauskaite
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Nephrology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Nephrology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kira Wenker
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Till Dringenberg
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Specific Endocrinology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Karl-Ludger Radke
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim Ullrich
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Krieg
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery A, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andrea Steuwe
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Minko
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schott
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Specific Endocrinology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lars Christian Rump
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Nephrology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gerald Antoch
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lars Schimmöller
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Hung ML, Wachtel H, Cohen DL, Fraker D, Trerotola SO. Adrenal Vein Sampling Results and Surgical Outcomes in Patients with a Normal Plasma Aldosterone Concentration. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:474-478. [PMID: 36503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the utility of adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and outcomes after adrenalectomy in patients with normal plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample included 106 patients with ARR greater than 20 and PAC between 5 and 15 ng/dL (normal PAC group) who underwent AVS from 2005 to 2021. These patients were compared with a cohort of 106 patients with ARR >20 and PAC >15 ng/dL (high PAC group) who underwent AVS during the same period. Data regarding baseline clinical characteristics, lateralization indices from AVS, and outcomes after adrenalectomy were analyzed. RESULTS AVS was technically successful in 210 patients (210/212, 99%). A smaller proportion of patients in the normal PAC group showed a lateralization index of >4 compared with those in the high PAC group (44% vs 64%, P <.01). A similar proportion of patients in the normal PAC group experienced improved or cured hypertension after adrenalectomy compared with that in the high PAC group (94% vs 88%, P =.31). Hypokalemia was cured in all patients in the normal PAC group after adrenalectomy compared with 98% of patients in the high PAC group (100% vs 98%, P = 1). CONCLUSIONS Although lateralization is less frequent for patients with normal PAC, patients who do lateralize show similar blood pressure response and correction of hypokalemia after adrenalectomy, regardless of initial plasma aldosterone levels. Therefore, patients with PAC <15 ng/dL should still be considered for AVS provided the ARR is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hung
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Division of Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas Fraker
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott O Trerotola
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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25
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Karashima S, Kawakami M, Nambo H, Kometani M, Kurihara I, Ichijo T, Katabami T, Tsuiki M, Wada N, Oki K, Ogawa Y, Okamoto R, Tamura K, Inagaki N, Yoshimoto T, Kobayashi H, Kakutani M, Fujita M, Izawa S, Suwa T, Kamemura K, Yamada M, Tanabe A, Naruse M, Yoneda T, Kometani M, Kurihara I, Ichijo T, Katabami T, Tsuiki M, Wada N, Oki K, Ogawa Y, Okamoto R, Tamura K, Inagaki N, Yoshimoto T, Kobayashi H, Kakutani M, Fujita M, Izawa S, Suwa T, Kamemura K, Yamada M, Tanabe A, Naruse M, Yoneda T, Ito H, Takeda Y, Rakugi H, Yamamoto K, Soma M, Yanase T, Fukuda H, Hashimoto S, Ohno Y, Takahashi K, Shibata H, Fujii Y, Suzuki T, Ogo A, Sakamoto R, Kai T, Fukuoka T, Miyauchi S. A hyperaldosteronism subtypes predictive model using ensemble learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3043. [PMID: 36810868 PMCID: PMC9943838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a machine-learning algorithm to diagnose aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) for predicting APA probabilities. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the Japan Rare/Intractable Adrenal Diseases Study dataset was performed using the nationwide PA registry in Japan comprised of 41 centers. Patients treated between January 2006 and December 2019 were included. Forty-six features at screening and 13 features at confirmatory test were used for model development to calculate APA probability. Seven machine-learning programs were combined to develop the ensemble-learning model (ELM), which was externally validated. The strongest predictive factors for APA were serum potassium (s-K) at first visit, s-K after medication, plasma aldosterone concentration, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, and potassium supplementation dose. The average performance of the screening model had an AUC of 0.899; the confirmatory test model had an AUC of 0.913. In the external validation, the AUC was 0.964 in the screening model using an APA probability of 0.17. The clinical findings at screening predicted the diagnosis of APA with high accuracy. This novel algorithm can support the PA practice in primary care settings and prevent potentially curable APA patients from falling outside the PA diagnostic flowchart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Karashima
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawakami
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329School of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nambo
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329School of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Isao Kurihara
- grid.416614.00000 0004 0374 0880Department of Medical Education, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuyuki Katabami
- grid.417363.4Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mika Tsuiki
- grid.410835.bDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Wada
- grid.415261.50000 0004 0377 292XDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oki
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- grid.260026.00000 0004 0372 555XDepartment of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan ,grid.413045.70000 0004 0467 212XDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Kakutani
- grid.272264.70000 0000 9142 153XDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Izawa
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suwa
- grid.256342.40000 0004 0370 4927Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamemura
- grid.415766.70000 0004 1771 8393Department of Cardiology, Shinko Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Division of Endocrinology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Naruse
- grid.414554.50000 0004 0531 2361Endocrine Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoneda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan. .,Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan. .,Faculty of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Institute of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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Lu YC, Liu KL, Wu VC, Wang SM, Lin YH, Chueh SCJ, Wu KD, Su YR, Huang KH. Unilateral adrenalectomy in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia with primary aldosteronism. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:393-399. [PMID: 36813699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the first-line treatment for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) with primary aldosteronism (PA), while unilateral adrenalectomy is the standard treatment for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). In this study, we investigated the outcomes of patients with BAH after unilateral adrenalectomy and compared them with those of patients with APA. METHODS From January 2010 to November 2018, 102 patients with a diagnosis of PA confirmed by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and available NP-59 scans were enrolled. All patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy based on the lateralization test results. We prospectively collected the clinical parameters over 12 months and compared the outcomes of BAH and APA. RESULTS A total of 102 patients were enrolled in this study: 20 (19.6%) had BAH and 82 (80.4%) had APA. Significant improvements in serum aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR), potassium level, and reduction of antihypertensive drugs were observed in both groups at 12 months after surgery (all p < 0.05). Patients with APA showed a significant decrease in blood pressure after surgery (p < 0.001) than those with BAH. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that APA was associated with biochemical success (odds ratio: 4.32, p = 0.024) compared to BAH. CONCLUSION Patients with BAH had a higher failure rate in clinical outcomes, and APA was associated with biochemical success after unilateral adrenalectomy. However, significant improvements in ARR, hypokalemia, and a decreased use of antihypertensive drugs were noted in patients with BAH after surgery. Unilateral adrenalectomy is feasible and beneficial in selected patients, and could potentially serve as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Lang Liu
- Department of Medical Imagine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Meng Wang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Rong Su
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University BioMedical Park Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, National Taiwan University BioMedical Park Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
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- TAIPAI, Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigator
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Wu Y, Wu Z, Hu H, Rao J, Hu C, Peng Q, Li P. Significance of computed tomography combined with postural stimulation test in predicting laterality of primary aldosteronism. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:32. [PMID: 36737714 PMCID: PMC9898977 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) represents the gold standard for classifying primary aldosteronism (PA). However, AVS is a technically demanding, expensive and invasive procedure. Computed tomography (CT) scans is recommended as the initial study of classification diagnosis by the current guidelines. In addition, postural stimulation test (PST) has been used to provide additional subtype diagnostic information. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the adrenal CT combined with PST in the classification diagnosis of PA. METHODS We analyzed PA patients who underwent AVS from November 2017 to February 2022 at a single center. Subtype classification of PA was determined by AVS. We analyzed the concordance rate between AVS outcomes, adrenal CT, and PST, and explored the value of adrenal CT combined with PST for predicting laterality of PA. RESULTS Total 531 PA patients were included in the present study. The concordance rate between AVS and the adrenal CT was 51.0%(271/531). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of PST showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.604 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.556, 0.652], the optimal cut-off value was 30%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) of PST for diagnosis bilateral PA on AVS was 72.8, 46.2%, 0.48, 0.71, 1.35, and 0.59, respectively. The prevalence of unilateral PA on AVS in patients with unilateral lesion on CT and negative PST, unilateral lesion on CT and positive PST, bilateral normal or lesions on CT and negative PST, and bilateral normal or lesions on CT and positive PST was 82.4% (108/131), 59.9% (91/152), 50.7% (37/73), and 44.6% (78/175), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, +LR, and -LR of adrenal CT combined with PST for the diagnosis of unilateral PA were 34.4, 89.4%, 0.82, 0.49, 3.25, and 0.73, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CT findings and PST can improve the accuracy of predicting laterality of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxing Wu
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuxiang Wu
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingan Rao
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenkai Hu
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Sato T, Matsutomo N, Yamamoto T, Fukami M, Kono T. Evaluation of standardized uptake value on 131I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol scintigraphy for diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and correspondence with adrenal venous sampling. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:89-98. [PMID: 36380175 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is a reliable method for lateralization of adrenal hormone secretion, which is important for discriminating between aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, both of which cause primary aldosteronism (PA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean, respectively) of 131I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for PA and its correspondence with AVS. METHODS Adrenal NP-59 scintigraphy was performed in 14 patients with suspected PA, and AVS was also performed in 7 of them. SUVmax and SUVmean of the adrenal lesions on the dominant side and their ratios to the values on the non-dominant side (SUVRmax and SUVRmean, respectively) were calculated on SPECT images using ordered-subset conjugate gradient minimization (OSCGM) and three-dimensional ordered-subset expectation maximization (3D-OSEM) reconstruction algorithms. RESULTS SUVmax and SUVmean on NP-59 SPECT images were significantly higher for aldosterone-producing adenoma than for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or non-functioning adenoma and slightly superior to SUVRmax and SUVRmean (P = 0.0475 and P = 0.0447 vs. P = 0.124 and P = 0.132, respectively, with OSCGM). The respective areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for SUV and SUVR were 0.933 and 0.725 with OSCGM and 0.844 and 0.750 with 3D-OSEM, while SUVmax and SUVRmax had exactly the same diagnostic accuracy as SUVmean and SUVRmean. SUV and SUVR were associated with the diagnostic features on AVS and consistent with lateralization by AVS in most patients. CONCLUSION In this study, SUV on NP-59 SPECT helped in the diagnosis of PA and was consistent with the results of AVS in nearly all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sato
- Department of Radiology, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital, 1273-2 Aoba-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-0852, Japan. .,Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
| | - Norikazu Matsutomo
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.,Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.,Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Mitsuha Fukami
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takashi Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital, 1273-2 Aoba-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-0852, Japan
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Parra Ramírez P, Martín Rojas-Marcos P, Cuesta Hernández M, Ruiz-Sánchez JG, Lamas Oliveira C, Hanzu FA, Araujo-Castro M. First survey on the diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism by Spanish Endocrinology and Nutrition specialists. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022:S2530-0180(22)00241-4. [PMID: 36517385 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the indication and the resources for the screening/diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) in Endocrinology units in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS An anonymous 2-phase (2020/2021) online survey was conducted by the AdrenoSEEN group among SEEN members with data about screening, confirmation tests, availability of catheterisation and the treatment of PA. RESULTS Eighty-eight (88) specialists completed the survey. Plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were available at all centres; urinary aldosterone was available in 55% of them. The most frequent indications for determining the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) were adrenal incidentaloma (82.6%), hypertension with hypokalaemia (82.6%), hypertension in patients <40 years (79.1%) and a family history of PA (77.9%). 61% and 18% of the respondents used an ARR cut-off value of PA of ≥30 and 20ng/dl per ng/mL/, respectively. The intravenous saline loading test was the most commonly used confirmatory test (66.3%), followed by the captopril challenge test (24.4%), with the 25mg dose used more than the 50mg dose (65% versus 35%). 67.4% of the participants confirmed the availability of adrenal vein catheterization (AVC). 41% of this subgroup perform it with a continuous infusion versus 30.5% with an ACTH (1-24) bolus, whereas 70.3% employ sequential adrenal vein catheterization. 48% of the participants reported an AVC success <50%. Total laparoscopic adrenalectomy was the treatment of choice (90.6%), performed by specialists in General and Digestive Surgery specialising in endocrinological pathology. CONCLUSION PA screening and diagnostic tests are extensively available to Spanish endocrinologists. However, there is a major variability in their use and in the cut-off points of the diagnostic methods. The AVS procedure remains poorly standardised and is far from delivering optimal performance. Greater standardisation in the study and diagnosis of PA is called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parra Ramírez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Martín Cuesta Hernández
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Lamas Oliveira
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Araujo-Castro
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Zibar Tomsic K, Dusek T, Alduk A, Knezevic N, Molnar V, Kraljevic I, Skoric Polovina T, Balasko A, Solak M, Matas N, Popovac H, Kralik-Oguic S, Kastelan D. Subtyping primary aldosteronism by inconclusive adrenal vein sampling: A derivation and validation study in a tertiary centre. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:849-859. [PMID: 35781892 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indices based on aldosterone/cortisol (A/C) concentration in the successfully cannulated adrenal vein (AV) and in the inferior vena cava (IVC) (AV/IVC) appear to be possible markers to verify the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA) in the case of inconclusive results of adrenal vein sampling (AVS). The variability of results in previous studies encouraged us to calculate AV/IVC and adrenal A/C cutoff values that could predict the aetiology of PA. METHODS This retrospective study included 96 patients who underwent AVS due to PA between 2015 and 2020. The derivation cohort ultimately consisted of 60 patients with bilaterally successful AVS and a clear diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to find the optimal A/C and AV/IVC cutoff values predicting the subtype of PA. The validation cohort consisted of 11 patients with either unsuccessful cannulation or a borderline lateralization index (LI), those patients underwent adrenalectomy because their indices were suggestive of unilateral disease based on the derivation cohort data. RESULTS The cutoff values of A/C ≤ 0.63 or AV/IVC ≤ 0.37 identified unaffected glands with a sensitivity of 91.2% and 97.1%, respectively, and a specificity of 90.7% and 88.4%, respectively. Unilateral ipsilateral gland involvement was characterized by A/C ≥ 3.5 or AV/IVC ≥ 3.4 with a corresponding specificity of 100%. All patients in the validation cohort achieved biochemical remission postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS A/C and AV/IVC cutoff values could be a useful tool to determine the subtype of PA in patients with unilateral successful AVS as well as in patients with a borderline LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zibar Tomsic
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Dusek
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Alduk
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Knezevic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kraljevic
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Annemarie Balasko
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirsala Solak
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Matas
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Popovac
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sasa Kralik-Oguic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Kastelan
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Araujo-Castro M, Paja Fano M, González Boillos M, Pla Peris B, Pascual-Corrales E, García Cano AM, Parra Ramírez P, Rojas-Marcos PM, Ruiz-Sanchez JG, Vicente Delgado A, Gómez Hoyos E, Ferreira R, García Sanz I, Recasens Sala M, Barahona San Millan R, Picón César MJ, Díaz Guardiola P, García González JJ, Perdomo CM, Manjón Miguélez L, García Centeno R, Percovich JC, Rebollo Román Á, Gracia Gimeno P, Robles Lázaro C, Morales-Ruiz M, Hanzu FA. Adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism: Experience of a Spanish multicentric study (Results from the SPAIN-ALDO Register). Endocrine 2022; 78:363-372. [PMID: 35751774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) performance in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), the main reasons for its non-performance, and the success and complications rate of this procedure in Spain. Moreover, the concordance between CT/MRI and AVS for PA subtyping was evaluated. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study of PA patient follow-up in 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals between 2018-2021 was performed (SPAIN-ALDO Register). RESULTS Of the 440 patients with PA included in the study, 153 underwent AVS (34.8%). The main reasons for not performing AVS were: patient rejection to the procedure, low catheterization rate in the center and unilateral disease based on CT/MRI. The overall success rate was 44.4% (the left adrenal vein was properly canulated in 77.8% and the right adrenal vein in 48.4%). Only 3 patients experienced minor complications. In the 45 patients with unilateral disease according to AVS, CT/MRI indicated bilateral disease or normal adrenal glands in 17. In the 23 patients with bilateral disease, CT/MRI indicated unilateral disease in 14. However, no significant differences were observed in biochemical response (P = 0.051) and hypertension resolution (P = 0.150) between patients who underwent surgery based on CT/MRI results and those who underwent surgery based on AVS results. CONCLUSION In our setting, AVS is still an underused technique in patients with PA. The low experience and success rate in AVS partially justify these results. More training for providers and patients needs to be done to include appropriate well performed AVS in the diagnosis algorithm of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
- University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Paja Fano
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department. OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Basque Country University, Medicine Department, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marga González Boillos
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Begoña Pla Peris
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eider Pascual-Corrales
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Parra Ramírez
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilia Gómez Hoyos
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rui Ferreira
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo García Sanz
- General & Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Recasens Sala
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - María José Picón César
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga. IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carolina M Perdomo
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Manjón Miguélez
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rogelio García Centeno
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Percovich
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Gracia Gimeno
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Rollo Villanueva, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Robles Lázaro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Complejo Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department-CDB, Hospital Clinic. IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department. Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Qian J, Du Y, Yang G, Yao Y, Xiong B, Rong S, Dai W, Jiang Y, Zhu Q, Deng C, Liu D, Huang J. Use the right kidney contour as a landmark in adrenal vein sampling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263945. [PMID: 36173999 PMCID: PMC9521845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal Vein Sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for categorizing primary aldosteronism (PA). However, catheterization of the right adrenal vein (RAV) is challenging due the small size and variable location. This study aims to explore the relationship between the RAV orifice and the right kidney contour (RKC) on fluoroscopy, thus evaluating the potential of use the RKC as an anatomic marker for localizing RAV. Imaging data of 107 PA patients with successful bilateral AVS were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the body mass index (BMI), all patients were divided into the Normal Group (BMI < 24 kg/m2), Overweight Group (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and Obese Group (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). At the anterior view, the height level of RAV orifice was determined relative to vertebral bodies and disks. The distance from the RAV orifice to the upper edge of RKC was measured manually. The RAV orifice height level was mainly distributed from vertebral T11 to T12 (90.6%), and tended to be higher in patients with a larger BMI. The mean distance from the RAV orifice to the upper edge of RKC was 13.9±7.8mm, and had no difference among Normal group (n = 53, 14.1±8.2mm), Overweight group (n = 39, 13.7±8.0mm), and Obese group (n = 15, 13.9±5.5mm) (p = 0.981). Based on these findings, the RKC might be used as a landmark for localizing RAV on fluoroscopy, which is conductive to narrow down the exploration range and increase the success rate of RAV catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunkang Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiran Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Que Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dichuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Kometani M, Yoneda T, Karashima S, Takeda Y, Tsuiki M, Yasoda A, Kurihara I, Wada N, Katabami T, Sone M, Ichijo T, Tamura K, Ogawa Y, Kobayashi H, Okamura S, Inagaki N, Kawashima J, Fujita M, Oki K, Matsuda Y, Tanabe A, Naruse M. Effect of Intraprocedural Cortisol Measurement on ACTH-stimulated Adrenal Vein Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac104. [PMID: 35928241 PMCID: PMC9342856 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) loading is used to increase the success rate of adrenal vein sampling (AVS). Objective We aimed to determine the effect of intraprocedural cortisol measurement (ICM) on ACTH-stimulated AVS (AS-AVS) owing to a lack of reliable data on this topic. Methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study took place in 28 tertiary centers in Japan. Among 4057 patients enrolled, 2396 received both basal AVS (B-AVS) and AS-AVS and were divided into 2 groups according to whether ICM was used. The effect of ICM on AS-AVS was measured. Results In patients who underwent both AVS procedures, the ICM group had significantly higher success rates for both B-AVS and AS-AVS than the non-ICM group did. However, the probability of failure of AS-AVS after a successful B-AVS and the probability of success of AS-AVS after a failed B-AVS were not significantly different in the 2 groups. For subtype diagnosis, propensity-score matching revealed no significant difference between the 2 groups, and the discrepancy rate between B-AVS and AS-AVS for subtype diagnosis was also not significantly different. Conclusion ICM significantly increased the success rate of B-AVS and AS-AVS in protocols in which both AVS procedures were performed and had no effect on subtype diagnosis. However, in protocols in which both AVS procedures were performed, the results suggest ICM may not be necessary when performing AS-AVS if ICM is used only when B-AVS is performed. Our study suggests that ICM during AVS plays an important role and should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 , Japan
| | - Takashi Yoneda
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 , Japan
| | - Shigehiro Karashima
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 , Japan
| | - Yoshiyu Takeda
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 , Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asanogawa General Hospital , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 910-8621 , Japan
| | - Mika Tsuiki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center , Kyoto 612-8555 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center , Kyoto 612-8555 , Japan
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan
| | - Norio Wada
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital , Sapporo 060-8604 , Japan
| | - Takuyuki Katabami
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital , Yokohama 241-0811 , Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511 , Japan
| | - Takamasa Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital , Yokohama 230-8765 , Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama 236-0004 , Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokohama 232-0024 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 812-8582 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo 173-8610 , Japan
| | - Shintaro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital , Tenri 632-0015 , Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto 860-8556 , Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Kenji Oki
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital , Sanda 669-1321 , Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo 162-8655 , Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Naruse
- Endocrine Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital , Kyoto 601-1495 , Japan
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Parra Ramírez P, Martín Rojas-Marcos P, Cuesta Hernández M, Ruiz-Sánchez JG, Lamas Oliveira C, Hanzu FA, Araujo-Castro M. Primera encuesta sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del hiperaldosteronismo primario por especialistas españoles en Endocrinología y Nutrición. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Puar TH, Khoo CM, Tan CJ, Tong AKT, Tan MCS, Teo AED, Ng KS, Wong KM, Reilhac A, O'Doherty J, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Kek PC, Yee S, Tan AWK, Chuah MB, Lee DHM, Wang KW, Zheng CQ, Shi L, Robins EG, Foo RSY. 11C-Metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling to subtype primary aldosteronism: a prospective clinical trial. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1179-1188. [PMID: 35703880 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended to subtype primary aldosteronism, but it is technically challenging. We compared 11C-Metomidate-PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) and AVS for subtyping of primary aldosteronism. METHODS Patients with confirmed primary aldosteronism underwent both AVS and 11C-Metomidate PET-CT (post-dexamethasone). All results were reviewed at a multidisciplinary meeting to decide on final subtype diagnosis. Primary outcome was accuracy of PET versus AVS to diagnosis of unilateral primary aldosteronism based on post-surgical biochemical cure. Secondary outcome was accuracy of both tests to final subtype diagnosis. RESULTS All 25 patients recruited underwent PET and successful AVS (100%). Final diagnosis was unilateral in 22 patients, bilateral in two and indeterminate in one due to discordant lateralization. Twenty patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism underwent surgery, with 100% complete biochemical success, and 75% complete/partial clinical success. For the primary outcome, sensitivity of PET was 80% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 56.3-94.3] and AVS was 75% (95% CI: 50.9-91.3). For the secondary outcome, sensitivity and specificity of PET was 81.9% (95% CI: 59.7-94.8) and 100% (95% CI: 15.8-100), and AVS was 68.2% (95% CI: 45.1-86.1) and 100% (95% CI: 15.8-100), respectively. Twelve out of 20 (60%) patients had both PET and AVS lateralization, four (20%) PET-only, three (15%) AVS-only, while one patient did not lateralize on PET or AVS. Post-surgery outcomes did not differ between patients identified by either test. CONCLUSION In our pilot study, 11C-Metomidate PET-CT performed comparably to AVS, and this should be validated in larger studies. PET identified patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism missed on AVS, and these tests could be used together to identify more patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/HJH/B918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy H Puar
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital (CGH)
- Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Division of Endocrinology, National University Health System (NUHS)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS)
| | | | - Aaron Kian Ti Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital (SGH)
| | | | | | - Keng Sin Ng
- Department of Radiology, CGH
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mount Alvernia Hospital
| | | | | | - Jim O'Doherty
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre (CIRC), NUS, Singapore
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Szemen Yee
- Division of Endocrinology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Kuo Weng Wang
- Wang Kuo Weng Diabetes and Endocrine Practice, Gleneagles Medical Center
| | - Charles Qishi Zheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Singapore Clinical Research Institute
| | - Luming Shi
- Duke-NUS Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Singapore Clinical Research Institute
| | - Edward George Robins
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre (CIRC), NUS, Singapore
- Department of Radiochemistry, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, NUHS
- Genome Institute of Singapore
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Machine learning approach to predict subtypes of primary aldosteronism is helpful to estimate indication of adrenal vein sampling. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:375-383. [PMID: 35576101 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common disease. Especially in unilateral PA (UPA), the risk of cardiovascular disease is high and proper localization is important. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is commonly used to localize PA, but its availability is limited. Therefore, it is important to predict the unilateral or bilateral PA and to choose the appropriate cases for AVS or watchful observation. AIM The purpose of this study is to develop a model using machine learning to predict bilateral or unilateral PA to extract cases for AVS or watchful observation. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 154 patients diagnosed with PA and who underwent AVS at our hospital between January 2010 and June 2021. Based on machine learning, we determined predictors of PA subtypes diagnosis from the results of blood and loading tests. RESULTS The accuracy of the machine learning was 88% and the top predictors of the UPA were plasma aldosterone concentration after the saline infusion test, aldosterone to renin ratio after the captopril challenge test, serum potassium and aldosterone-to-renin ratio. By using these factors, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) were 91%, 70%, 99% and 0.91, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the surgical outcomes of UPA and found that the group diagnosed as unilateral by the predictors showed improvement in clinical findings, while the group diagnosed as bilateral by the predictors showed no improvement. CONCLUSION Our predictive model based on machine learning can support to choose the performance of adrenal vein sampling or watchful observation.
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Rubinstein G, Osswald A, Braun LT, Vogel F, Kroiss M, Pilz S, Deniz S, Aigner L, Knösel T, Bertherat J, Bouys L, Ladurner R, Riester A, Bidlingmaier M, Beuschlein F, Reincke M. The role of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH): a study of 16 patients. Endocrine 2022; 76:434-445. [PMID: 35274284 PMCID: PMC9068666 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. Current guidelines recommend bilateral adrenalectomy for PBMAH, but several studies showed clinical effectiveness of unilateral adrenalectomy despite bilateral disease in selected patients. Our aim was to evaluate the gain of information which can be obtained through adrenal venous sampling (AVS) based cortisol lateralization ratios for guidance of unilateral adrenalectomy. DESIGN We performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with PBMAH and clinical overt cortisol secretion in three centers METHODS: Selectivity of adrenal vein sampling during AVS was defined as a gradient of cortisol or a reference adrenal hormone ≥2.0 between adrenal and peripheral vein. Lateralization was assumed if the dominant to non-dominant ratio of cortisol to reference hormone was ≥4.0. RESULTS AVS was technically successful in all patients based on absolute cortisol levels and in 13 of 16 patients (81%) based on reference hormone levels. Lateralization was documented in 8 of 16 patients. In patients with lateralization, in 5 of 8 cases this occurred toward morphologically larger adrenals, while in 3 patients lateralization was present in bilaterally identical adrenals. The combined volume of adrenals correlated positively with urinary free cortisol, suggesting that adrenal size is the dominant determinant of cortisol secretion. CONCLUSIONS In this study the gain of information through AVS for unilateral adrenalectomy was limited in patients with PBMAH and marked adrenal asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Rubinstein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Osswald
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Leah Theresa Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Frederick Vogel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sinan Deniz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Laura Aigner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Kempten, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Pathologisches Institut, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Bouys
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Roland Ladurner
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) and Universität Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
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Naruse M, Katabami T, Shibata H, Sone M, Takahashi K, Tanabe A, Izawa S, Ichijo T, Otsuki M, Omura M, Ogawa Y, Oki Y, Kurihara I, Kobayashi H, Sakamoto R, Satoh F, Takeda Y, Tanaka T, Tamura K, Tsuiki M, Hashimoto S, Hasegawa T, Yoshimoto T, Yoneda T, Yamamoto K, Rakugi H, Wada N, Saiki A, Ohno Y, Haze T. Japan Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism 2021. Endocr J 2022; 69:327-359. [PMID: 35418526 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates than essential hypertension. The Japan Endocrine Society (JES) has developed an updated guideline for PA, based on the evidence, especially from Japan. We should preferentially screen hypertensive patients with a high prevalence of PA with aldosterone to renin ratio ≥200 and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) ≥60 pg/mL as a cut-off of positive results. While we should confirm excess aldosterone secretion by one positive confirmatory test, we could bypass patients with typical PA findings. Since PAC became lower due to a change in assay methods from radioimmunoassay to chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, borderline ranges were set for screening and confirmatory tests and provisionally designated as positive. We recommend individualized medicine for those in the borderline range for the next step. We recommend evaluating cortisol co-secretion in patients with adrenal macroadenomas. Although we recommend adrenal venous sampling for lateralization before adrenalectomy, we should carefully select patients rather than all patients, and we suggest bypassing in young patients with typical PA findings. A selectivity index ≥5 and a lateralization index >4 after adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation defines successful catheterization and unilateral subtype diagnosis. We recommend adrenalectomy for unilateral PA and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for bilateral PA. Systematic as well as individualized clinical practice is always warranted. This JES guideline 2021 provides updated rational evidence and recommendations for the clinical practice of PA, leading to improved quality of the clinical practice of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Naruse
- Endocrine Center and Clinical Research Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto 601-1495, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Takuyuki Katabami
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama 241-0811, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Izawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama 230-0012, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Minato Mirai Medical Square, Yokohama, 220-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases/Diabetes Mellitus, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hamamatsu Kita Hospital, Hamamatsu 431-3113, Japan
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Department of Medical Education, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases/Diabetes Mellitus, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshiyu Takeda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mika Tsuiki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nephrology, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, Aizu 969-3492, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoneda
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Wada
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo 060-8604, Japan
| | - Aya Saiki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youichi Ohno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Haze
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
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Adrenal BORDeAux reGistry: Bordeaux single-center study of hypertensive patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. J Hypertens 2022; 40:908-915. [PMID: 35185118 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism is responsible for a major cardiovascular risk that can be avoided by specific treatment. A better characterization of the hypertensive population with primary aldosteronism would not only improve the overall diagnosis but also allows a better selection of patients requiring adrenal vein sampling (AVS). METHODS Creation of a prospective single-center Bordeaux ABORDAGE study of hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS. Primary aldosteronism was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the SFE/SFHTA. Peripheral and central blood pressure measurements were performed with mercury sphygmomanometer, SphygmoCor applanation tonometer and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. An adrenal computed tomography and an unstimulated AVS were performed in each patient. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in our study. They were mostly men (61.7%), with a mean age of 48.7 ± 10.5 years, BMI of 29.7 ± 5 kg/m2 and duration of hypertension of 101.5 ± 84 months. AVS was selective in 82.3% of patients and lateralization was concordant with CT in only 35.4% of patients. Lateralized secretion was significantly associated with a marked biological primary aldosteronism and hypertension. In multivariate analysis, no variable specifically differentiated patients with aldosterone lateralization. CONCLUSION The ABORDAGE population description is consistent with the data found in the literature. These characteristics are ultimately those expected in essential hypertension population, which therefore, could explain part of the underdiagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Only AVS is able to predict the lateralization of secretion with a post adrenalectomy recovery of about 90% in case of lateralization. The generalization of AVS would, therefore, increase the proportion of patients with primary aldosteronism cured.
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Karashima S, Osaka I. Rapidity and Precision of Steroid Hormone Measurement. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040956. [PMID: 35207229 PMCID: PMC8879901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are present in all animals and plants, from mammals to prokaryotes. In the medical field, steroids are commonly classified as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadal steroid hormones. Monitoring of hormones is useful in clinical and research fields for the assessment of physiological changes associated with aging, disease risk, and the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of various diseases. Since the discovery and isolation of steroid hormones, measurement methods for steroid hormones in biological samples have advanced substantially. Although immunoassays (IAs) are widely used in daily practice, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have been reported to be more specific. Steroid hormone measurement based on MS is desirable in clinical practice; however, there are several drawbacks, including the purchase and maintenance costs of the MS instrument and the need for specialized training of technicians. In this review, we discuss IA- and MS-based methods currently in use and briefly present the history of steroid hormone measurement. In addition, we describe recent advances in IA- and MS-based methods and future applications and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Karashima
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 921-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Issey Osaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (I.O.)
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Parasiliti-Caprino M, Bioletto F, Ceccato F, Lopez C, Bollati M, Di Carlo MC, Voltan G, Rossato D, Giraudo G, Scaroni C, Ghigo E, Maccario M. The Accuracy of Simple and Adjusted Aldosterone Indices for Assessing Selectivity and Lateralization of Adrenal Vein Sampling in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism Subtypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:801529. [PMID: 35250861 PMCID: PMC8888437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.801529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of simple and corrected aldosterone indices for assessing the selectivity and lateralization of adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in patients with primary aldosteronism. METHODS Data of all consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS for subtype diagnosis, followed at two Italian referral centers, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS AVS achieved bilateral selectivity in 112/144 patients. Unilateral disease was diagnosed in 60 cases (53.6%) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism in 52 individuals (46.4%). The aldosterone index (aldosterone ratio between an adrenal vein and the inferior vena cava) showed a high accuracy in predicting selectivity, compared to a cortisol selectivity index of 1.1, and a moderate accuracy, compared to cortisol cut-offs of 2 and 3. The simple aldosterone index showed a moderate accuracy in predicting ipsi/contralateral aldosterone hypersecretion, while lesion side- and hypokalemia-corrected aldosterone index revealed a significant improvement in predicting ipsi/contralateral disease. Moreover, the comparative aldosterone index (aldosterone ratio in the dominant vs the non-dominant adrenal vein) revealed a high accuracy in predicting unilateral primary aldosteronism. For an immediate clinical application of our results, the adjusted cut-offs were calculated, according to the Youden's criterion and to a pre-established specificity of 90%, for all possible combinations of lesion side at imaging and presence/absence of hypokalemia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy of simple and clinical-/imaging-corrected aldosterone indices for adrenal vein sampling in subtype diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and suggests the potential application of these tools to select patients for adrenalectomy when standard indices cannot be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-7073
| | - Fabio Bioletto
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Lopez
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Bollati
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Di Carlo
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Voltan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Rossato
- Radiology Unit, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giraudo
- Surgery, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccario
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhong S, Zhang T, He M, Yu H, Liu Z, Li Z, Song X, Xu X. Recent Advances in the Clinical Application of Adrenal Vein Sampling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:797021. [PMID: 35222268 PMCID: PMC8863662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.797021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed clinical research investigating the applications of adrenal vein sampling (AVS). AVS could be applied not only to primary aldosteronism (PA) but also to other endocrine diseases, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent Cushing syndrome (AICS) and hyperandrogenemia (HA). However, the AVS protocol requires improvements to increase its success rate. Using the computed tomography image fusion, coaxial guidewire technique, and fast intraprocedural cortisol testing (CCF) technique could improve the success rate of catheterization in AVS for PA. ACTH loading could be considered in medical centers with a low selectivity of AVS for PA but is not essential in those with mature AVS technology. The continuous infusion method should be recommended for ACTH stimulation in AVS for PA to reduce adverse events. AVS has not been routinely recommended before management decisions in AICS, but several studies verified that AVS was useful in finding out the source of excess cortisol, especially for distinguishing unilateral from bilateral disease. However, it is necessary to reassess the results of AVS in AICS with the use of reference hormones to fully normalize cortisol levels. In addition, it is essential to determine the optimal model that combines AVS results and mass size to guide the selection of surgical plans, including identifying the dominant gland and presenting the option of staged adrenalectomy, to minimize the impact of bilateral resection. For HA, AVS combined with ovarian intravenous sampling to locate excess androgens could be considered when imaging results are equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzhi He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Xu, ; Xiaoxiao Song,
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Xu, ; Xiaoxiao Song,
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Betz MJ, Zech CJ. Adrenal venous sampling in the diagnostic workup of primary aldosteronism. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210311. [PMID: 34618546 PMCID: PMC8722259 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the primary cause of secondary hypertension. The prevalence of PA has probably been underestimated in the past and recent studies suggest that PA could be present in up to 10% of patients suffering from hypertension. Aldosterone excess in PA can be caused by unilateral adrenal disease, usually adrenal adenoma, or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Differentiation between unilateral and bilateral disease is clinically important as the former can effectively be treated by removal of the affected adrenal. CT or MRI cannot reliably distinguish unilateral from bilateral disease. Therefore, adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is an important step of the diagnostic work-up in patients with PA. Current guidelines recommend PA in virtually all patients with biochemically diagnosed PA who would undergo adrenal surgery if unilateral PA was diagnosed. In this narrative review, we give an overview of the current technique used for AVS with a focus on the experience with this technique at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Araujo-Castro M, Parra-Ramírez P. Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:424-430. [PMID: 34924198 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary arterial hypertension. Moreover, it is associated with a higher cardio-metabolic risk than the observed in patients with essential arterial hypertension (EHT). Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion for PA is mandatory. If an elevated aldosterone/renin ratio is confirmed, confirmatory tests should be performed, with the exception in those patients with florid PA, with, with spontaneous hypokalaemia, plasma aldosterone > 20 ng/dL and suppressed renin, in whom this step would not be strictly necessary. Intravenous saline infusion test or captopril test are the commonly used confirmatory tests. The last step in the diagnosis of PA is the localization study, being the computerized axial tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands the initial test of choice, and adrenal venous sampling (AVS), the definitive localization test in most cases. This review summarizes the available data about the diagnosis of PA, from screening to confirmatory study and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Unidad de Neuroendocrinología, Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS) & Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
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So C, Leung A, Chin A, Kline G. Adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism: lessons from over 600 single-operator procedures. Clin Radiol 2021; 77:e170-e179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sawyer MP, Yong EXZ, Marginson B, Farrell SG, Derbyshire MM, MacIsaac RJ, Sachithanandan N. Utility of semi-quantitative quick cortisol assay with low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone infusion adrenal vein sampling. ANZ J Surg 2021; 92:437-442. [PMID: 34806293 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is integral to identifying surgically remediable unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). However, right adrenal vein (AV) cannulation can be challenging, limiting its success. Intra-procedural cortisol assays can improve the reliability of AVS. The aim of this study was to validate the use of semi-quantitative cortisol estimates obtained utilizing a quick cortisol assay (QCA) during AVS procedures at our institution. METHODS Retrospective review of results of AVS procedures before and after the introduction of the QCA. Twenty-three AVS procedures were performed with the provisional success determined by intra-procedural QCA. Successful AV cannulation was defined by an AV to peripheral vein cortisol ratio ≥ 4.0 (the selectivity index) from laboratory measurements. The control cohort consisted of 23 consecutive procedures prior to introduction of the QCA. RESULTS QCA correctly predicted all AV cannulation attempts. Successful bilateral AV cannulation increased from 52% to 91% of procedures when performed with the QCA (P = 0.01) and adequate cannulation of the right AV increased from 61% to 91% (P = 0.03). There was no increase in procedural time, number of AV cannulation or sampling attempts. CONCLUSIONS Point-of-care, semi-quantitative cortisol estimates can be performed accurately during AVS with QCA, facilitating improvements in AVS success rates without increasing procedural time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Sawyer
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric X Z Yong
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Marginson
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen G Farrell
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maresa M Derbyshire
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nirupa Sachithanandan
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Tannai H, Makita K, Matsui S, Koike Y, Tsurutani Y, Saito J. Radiological characteristics and diagnostic impact of duplicated right adrenal veins on adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (ANKARA, TURKEY) 2021; 27:754-761. [PMID: 34792030 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2021.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the prevalence and radiological characteristics of duplicated right adrenal veins (DRAVs) and evaluate the diagnostic impact of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary aldosteronism. METHODS DRAVs were retrospectively identified among patients who underwent segmental AVS between April 2017 and March 2020. DRAVs were defined as main or accessory according to the drainage area. The diameter, position, hormone levels, and treatment plan based on AVS were compared between main and accessory RAVs, using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Fourteen of 432 patients (3.2%) were diagnosed with DRAVs. On venography, the mean diameters of the main and accessory side were 3±0.63 mm and 2.1±0.41 mm, respectively, and were significantly different (p < 0.001). The mean relative position in craniocaudal direction of main and accessory veins from the adrenal caudal edge on computed tomography was 65.5%±16.0%, and 48.1%±16.8%, respectively, which was significantly different (p = 0.007). The left-right positions and hormone levels were not significantly different. Based on conventional AVS, the treatment plan between DRAVs was not changed in six of eight patients, but changed from surgery to medication in two patients with right aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA)/microadenoma based on segmental AVS findings. CONCLUSION DRAVs, in which the main RAV was thicker and more cranially located than the accessory RAV were rare. Depending on blood sampled from either of DRAVs, the diagnosis made through conventional AVS might change treatment approach from surgery to medication, especially with right APA. Hence, their identification is important to make an accurate subtyping by AVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tannai
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Makita
- Department of Radiology, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuya Koike
- Department of Interventional Radiology at Saiseikai Yokohama City Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yohama, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yohama, Japan
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Augustin AM, Dalla Torre G, Fuss CT, Fassnacht M, Bley TA, Kickuth R. Reduction of Radiation Exposure in Adrenal Vein Sampling: Impact of the Rapid Cortisol Assay. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2021; 193:1392-1402. [PMID: 34384111 DOI: 10.1055/a-1535-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine radiation exposure associated with adrenal vein sampling and its reduction by implementing the rapid cortisol assay and modification of the sampling protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center retrospective study of adrenal vein sampling performed between August 2009 and March 2020 revealed data from 151 procedures. Three subgroups were determined. In group I, a sampling protocol including sampling from the renal veins without the rapid cortisol assay was applied. In group II, blood was sampled using the same protocol but applying the rapid cortisol assay. In group III, a modified sampling protocol was used, in which the additional sampling from the renal veins was dispensed with, while the rapid cortisol assay was retained. Primary endpoints were radiation exposure parameters with dose area product, fluoroscopy time, and effective dose. As secondary endpoints, procedural data including technical success, lateralization, the correlation between patient BMI and radiation exposure, and concordance of lateralization with cross-sectional imaging were investigated. Furthermore, the correlation of aldosterone-cortisol ratios between the adrenal and ipsilateral renal vein was calculated to assess the benefit of sampling from the renal veins. RESULTS For all procedures performed in the study collective, the median dose area product was 60.01 Gy*cm2 (5.71-789.31), the median fluoroscopy time was 14.90 min (3.27-80.90), and the calculated median effective dose was 12.60 mSv (1.20-165.76). Significant differences in radiation exposure parameters between the study subgroups could be revealed. Dose area product resulted in reductions of 57.94 % after implementation of the rapid cortisol assay and a further 40.44 % after revision of the sampling protocol. Fluoroscopy time was reduced by 40.48 % after integration of the rapid cortisol assay and a further 40.47 % after protocol refinement. Radiation doses were increased in cases of resampling (dose area product 51.31 vs. 118.11 Gy*cm2, fluoroscopy time of 12.48 vs. 28.70 min). A strong correlation between patient BMI and procedural dose area product could be found. After the introduction of the rapid cortisol assay, successive improvement of the technical success rate could be found (33.33 % in group I, 90.22 % in group II and 92.11 % in group III). The correlation of aldosterone-cortisol ratios between adrenal and renal veins was poor. CONCLUSION The introduction of the rapid cortisol assay significantly decreased the radiation exposure and increased the technical success rate. Renal vein sampling did not provide further benefit in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism subtype and its omission resulted in a further reduction of radiation dose. KEY POINTS · The rapid cortisol assay significantly reduces the procedure-related radiation dose in adrenal vein sampling and increases the procedural technical success.. · Since additional sampling from the renal veins offers no further diagnostic benefit, a refinement of the sampling protocol can enable a further reduction of radiation dose.. · Resampling, technical unsuccessful procedures, and higher patients' BMI are associated with higher radiation exposures.. CITATION FORMAT · Augustin A, Dalla Torre G, Fuss CT et al. Reduction of Radiation Exposure in Adrenal Vein Sampling: Impact of the Rapid Cortisol Assay. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1392 - 1402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Augustin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Dalla Torre
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmina Teresa Fuss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Alexander Bley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Kickuth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Tan YK, Kwan YH, Teo DCL, Velema M, Deinum J, Tan PT, Zhang M, Khoo JJC, Loh WJ, Gani L, King TFJ, Tan EJH, Soh SB, Au VSC, Tay TL, Dacay LMQ, Ng KS, Wong KM, Wong ASY, Ng FC, Aw TC, Chan YHB, Tong KL, Lee SSG, Chai SC, Puar THK. Improvement in quality of life and psychological symptoms after treatment for primary aldosteronism: Asian Cohort Study. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:834-844. [PMID: 34223820 PMCID: PMC8346187 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to increased cardiovascular risk, patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) also suffer from impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological symptoms. We assessed for changes in HRQoL and depressive symptoms in a cohort of Asian patients with PA, after surgical and medical therapy. METHODS Thirty-four patients with PA were prospectively recruited and completed questionnaires from 2017 to 2020. HRQoL was assessed using RAND-36 and EQ-5D-3L, and depressive symptoms were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. RESULTS At 1 year post-treatment, significant improvement was observed in both physical and mental summative scores of RAND-36, +3.65, P = 0.023, and +3.41, P = 0.033, respectively, as well as four subscale domains (physical functioning, bodily pain, role emotional, and mental health). Significant improvement was also seen in EQ-5D dimension of anxiety/depression at 1 year post-treatment. Patients treated with surgery (n = 21) had significant improvement in EQ-5D index score post-treatment and better EQ-5D outcomes compared to the medical group (n = 13) at 1 year post-treatment. 37.9, 41.6 and 58.6% of patients had symptoms in the cognitive, affective and somatic domains of BDI-II, respectively. There was a significant improvement in the affective domain of BDI-II at 1 year post-treatment. CONCLUSION Both surgical and medical therapy improve HRQoL and psychological symptoms in patients with PA, with surgery providing better outcomes. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis, accurate subtyping and appropriate treatment of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Kheng Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marieke Velema
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Deinum
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pei Ting Tan
- Department of Clinical Trials Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meifen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wann Jia Loh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linsey Gani
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas F J King
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eberta Jun Hui Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Boon Soh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tunn Lin Tay
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Keng Sin Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kang Min Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Foo Cheong Ng
- Department of Urology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Khim Leng Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siang Chew Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Troy Hai Kiat Puar
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Correspondence should be addressed to T H K Puar:
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Cusumano LR, Mathevosian S, Sweigert JK, Srinivasa RN, Luhar AP, Moriarty JM. Use of Bony Landmarks during Adrenal Venous Sampling to Guide Catheterization of the Left Adrenal Vein. THE ARAB JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the utility of fluoroscopic bony landmarks in predicting the location of the left adrenal vein during adrenal vein sampling (AVS).
Methods Eighty-six AVS procedures were performed in 81 patients between August 2013 and March 2020. A selectivity index was calculated for each case by dividing the measured left adrenal vein cortisol level by the peripheral vein cortisol level. Successful “target” left adrenal vein catheterization was confirmed in cases with a selectivity index of three or greater. Intraprocedural AVS fluoroscopic images were selected that demonstrated catheter position in the left adrenal vein. Lateral distance from the catheter tip in the left adrenal vein to the lateral margin of the left pedicle at the associated vertebral body level was measured.
Results Mean patient age was 56.4 years (range: 19–80 years) and 48 (59.3%) patients were male. Target sampling in the left adrenal vein was confirmed in 82 (95.3%) cases. In 78 (95.1%) targeted cases, the catheter terminated less than 25 mm from the left lateral pedicle at a mean distance of 11.2 mm. The catheter was most frequently placed at the T12 and L1 vertebral body levels. Four (4.7%) cases demonstrated nontarget catheter positioning, two (50.0%) of these cases were within 25 mm.
Conclusion The position of the left adrenal vein is generally located in a predictable position relative to bony landmarks. By utilizing these landmarks, positioning of the sampling catheter during AVS can be more reliable with the potential to avoid repeat procedures and delays in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Cusumano
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sipan Mathevosian
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Joshua K. Sweigert
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ravi N. Srinivasa
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Aarti P. Luhar
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - John M. Moriarty
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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