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Cathepsin K: A Versatile Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Various Cancers. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5963-5987. [PMID: 36005209 PMCID: PMC9406569 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a common malignant disease, is one of the predominant causes of diseases that lead to death. Additionally, cancer is often detected in advanced stages and cannot be radically cured. Consequently, there is an urgent need for reliable and easily detectable markers to identify and monitor cancer onset and progression as early as possible. Our aim was to systematically review the relevant roles of cathepsin K (CTSK) in various possible cancers in existing studies. CTSK, a well-known key enzyme in the bone resorption process and most studied for its roles in the effective degradation of the bone extracellular matrix, is expressed in various organs. Nowadays, CTSK has been involved in various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, bone cancer, renal carcinoma, lung cancer and other cancers. In addition, CTSK can promote tumor cells proliferation, invasion and migration, and its mechanism may be related to RANK/RANKL, TGF-β, mTOR and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Clinically, some progress has been made with the use of cathepsin K inhibitors in the treatment of certain cancers. This paper reviewed our current understanding of the possible roles of CTSK in various cancers and discussed its potential as a biomarker and/or novel molecular target for various cancers.
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2
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Neff LS, Zhang Y, Van Laer AO, Baicu CF, Karavan M, Zile MR, Bradshaw AD. Mechanisms that limit regression of myocardial fibrosis following removal of left ventricular pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H165-H175. [PMID: 35657618 PMCID: PMC9236876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular pressure overload (LVPO) can develop from antecedent diseases such as aortic valve stenosis and systemic hypertension and is characterized by accumulation of myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). Evidence from patient and animal models supports limited reductions in ECM following alleviation of PO, however, mechanisms that control the extent and timing of ECM regression are undefined. LVPO, induced by 4 wk of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice, was alleviated by removal of the band (unTAC). Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen volume fraction (CVF), myocardial stiffness, and collagen degradation were assessed for: control, 2-wk TAC, 4-wk TAC, 4-wk TAC + 2-wk unTAC, 4-wk TAC + 4-wk unTAC, and 4-wk TAC + 6-wk unTAC. When compared with 4-wk TAC, 2-wk unTAC resulted in increased reactivity of collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) (representing initiation of collagen degradation), increased levels of collagenases and gelatinases, decreased levels of collagen cross-linking enzymes, but no change in CVF. When compared with 2-wk unTAC, 4-wk unTAC demonstrated decreased CVF, which did not decline to control values. At 4-wk and 6-wk unTAC, CHP reactivity and mediators of ECM degradation were reduced versus 2-wk unTAC, whereas levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 increased. ECM homeostasis changed in a time-dependent manner after removal of LVPO and is characterized by early increases in collagen degradation, followed by a later dampening of this process. Tempered ECM degradation with time is predicted to contribute to the finding that normalization of hemodynamic overload alone does not completely regress myocardial fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, a murine model demonstrated persistent interstitial fibrosis and myocardial stiffness following alleviation of pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily S Neff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - An O Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mark Karavan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- The Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- The Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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3
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Aluja D, Delgado-Tomás S, Ruiz-Meana M, Barrabés JA, Inserte J. Calpains as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084103. [PMID: 35456920 PMCID: PMC9032729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in its treatment, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, evidencing an urgent need for novel mechanism-based targets and strategies. Myocardial hypertrophy, caused by a wide variety of chronic stress stimuli, represents an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure, and its prevention constitutes a clinical objective. Recent studies performed in preclinical animal models support the contribution of the Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases calpains in regulating the hypertrophic process and highlight the feasibility of their long-term inhibition as a pharmacological strategy. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence implicating calpains in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the latest advances in unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide an updated overview of calpain inhibitors that have been explored in preclinical models of cardiac hypertrophy and the progress made in developing new compounds that may serve for testing the efficacy of calpain inhibition in the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aluja
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Sara Delgado-Tomás
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Barrabés
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934894038
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4
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Chi RF, Li L, Wang AL, Yang H, Xi J, Zhu ZF, Wang K, Li B, Yang LG, Qin FZ, Zhang C. Enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in cardiac myocytes in pressure overload induced heart failure in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:60-69. [PMID: 34453856 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes in vitro, hydrogen peroxide induces autophagic cell death and necroptosis. Oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis coexist in heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes in pressure overload-induced HF. HF was produced by chronic pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Rats with AAC or sham operation were randomised to orally receive an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed for the assessments of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. AAC rats exhibited decreased LV fractional shortening (FS) at 4 weeks after surgery. NAC treatment attenuated decreased LV FS in AAC rats. In AAC rats, myocardial level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine assessed by immunohistochemical staining, indicative of oxidative stress, was increased, LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, Beclin1 protein and Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12 mRNA expression were markedly increased, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL expression, indicative of necroptosis, was increased, and all of the alterations in AAC rats were prevented by the NAC treatment. NAC treatment also attenuated myocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial fibrosis in AAC rats. In conclusion, NAC treatment prevented the increases in oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis and the decrease in LV systolic function in pressure overload-induced HF. These findings suggest that enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes, leading to LV systolic dysfunction, and antioxidants may be of value to prevent HF through the inhibition of excessive autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Chi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zong-Feng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Guo Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Vashum Y, Kottaiswamy A, Loganathan T, Sheriff FB, Samuel S. Anti-carcinogenic Effect of Cathepsin K Inhibitor, Odanacatib with a Low Dose of Cisplatin Against Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 Cells. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666201222101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A cross-linking agent commonly used for cancer chemotherapy is a platinum
compound such as cisplatin. However, with the acquisition of cellular drug resistance and adverse
side effects, the potency of cisplatin is, therefore, often tempered. To overcome these issues,
the present study has established the use of cathepsin k (CTSK) inhibitor as a potent chemosensitizer.
Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and odanacatib (ODN) on two different breast cancer patient-
derived cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was assessed by MTT-based colorimetric assay.
The drug interaction coefficient CDI was used to evaluate the synergistically inhibitory impact
of the drug combination and immunoblot was used to examine the expression of certain proteins responsible
for cell survival and the mechanism of apoptosis.
Results:
In this study, we found that IC50 of ODN in combination with cisplatin (half of IC25) induced
a synergistic cytotoxic effect in different breast cancer cells. Diminished expression of Bcl-2
and increased expression of Bax aroused the cytochrome release, that triggered caspase-9 and -3 activation
in the combinatorial group. ODN with a lower dose of cisplatin significantly inhibited the
protein expression of novel chemoresistant factors such as STAT3, NFκB and IL-6.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the potential effects of the combination of ODN with a reduced
dose of cisplatin on improving the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effect on breast cancer
cells via combined inhibition of NF-κB-induced IL-6 and STAT3 activation. The study result
suggests that the further development of this novel inhibitor in combination with a low dose of standard
cisplatin-based chemotherapy may contribute to an alternative treatment option for certain
cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaongamphi Vashum
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Tholcopiyan Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathima B. Sheriff
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shila Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
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Deficiency of cysteinyl cathepsin K suppresses the development of experimental intimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1514-1524. [PMID: 32205563 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress (CPS) is linked to cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Given that cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) participates in vascular remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque growth in several animal models, we investigated the role of CatK in the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress. METHODS AND RESULTS At first, male wild-type (CatK) mice that underwent carotid ligation injury were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. On postoperative and stressed day 14, the results demonstrated that stress accelerated injury-induced neointima hyperplasia. On day 4, stressed mice showed following: increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gp91phox, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), TLR4, and CatK mRNAs or/and proteins, oxidative stress production, aorta-derived smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, and macrophage infiltration as well as targeted intracellular proliferating-related molecules. Stressed mice showed increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 mRNA expressions and activities and elastin disruption in the injured carotid arteries. Second, CatK and CatK deficiency (CatK) mice received ligation injury and stress to explore the role of CatK. The stress-induced harmful changes were prevented by CatK. Finally, CatK mice that had undergone ligation surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or CatK inhibitor for 14 days. Pharmacological CatK intervention produced a vascular benefit. CONCLUSION These data indicate that CatK deletion protects against the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia via the attenuation of inflammatory overaction, oxidative stress production, and VSMC proliferation, suggesting that CatK is a novel therapeutic target for the management of CPS-related restenosis after intravascular intervention therapies.
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Bollavaram K, Leeman TH, Lee MW, Kulkarni A, Upshaw SG, Yang J, Song H, Platt MO. Multiple sites on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are susceptible to proteolysis by cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1131-1143. [PMID: 33786919 PMCID: PMC8138523 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Proteases are central to the infection process of SARS‐CoV‐2. Cleavage of the spike protein on the virus's capsid causes the conformational change that leads to membrane fusion and viral entry into the target cell. Since inhibition of one protease, even the dominant protease like TMPRSS2, may not be sufficient to block SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into cells, other proteases that may play an activating role and hydrolyze the spike protein must be identified. We identified amino acid sequences in all regions of spike protein, including the S1/S2 region critical for activation and viral entry, that are susceptible to cleavage by furin and cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V using PACMANS, a computational platform that identifies and ranks preferred sites of proteolytic cleavage on substrates, and verified with molecular docking analysis and immunoblotting to determine if binding of these proteases can occur on the spike protein that were identified as possible cleavage sites. Together, this study highlights cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V for consideration in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and presents methodologies by which other proteases can be screened to determine a role in viral entry. This highlights additional proteases to be considered in COVID‐19 studies, particularly regarding exacerbated damage in inflammatory preconditions where these proteases are generally upregulated. PDB Code(s): 6VYB, 4Z2A, 5F02, 4P6E, 5TUN, 2IPP and 3H6S;
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Affiliation(s)
- Keval Bollavaram
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tiffanie H Leeman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maggie W Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akhil Kulkarni
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sophia G Upshaw
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiabei Yang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hannah Song
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, French AT, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. Signalling pathways linking cysteine cathepsins to adverse cardiac remodelling. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109770. [PMID: 32891693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodelling clinically manifests as deleterious changes to heart architecture (size, mass and geometry) and function. These changes, which include alterations to ventricular wall thickness, chamber dilation and poor contractility, are important because they progressively drive patients with cardiac disease towards heart failure and are associated with poor prognosis. Cysteine cathepsins contribute to key signalling pathways involved in adverse cardiac remodelling including synthesis and degradation of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, impaired cardiomyocyte contractility and apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the role of cathepsins in these signalling pathways as well as their translational potential as therapeutic targets in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O'Toole
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne T French
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Yang Y, Du J, Xu R, Shen Y, Yang D, Li D, Hu H, Pei H, Yang Y. Melatonin alleviates angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activating MICU1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:493-515. [PMID: 33259334 PMCID: PMC7834983 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) is a pivotal molecule in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under stress conditions. However, it is unclear whether MICU1 attenuates mitochondrial stress in angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy or if it has a role in the function of melatonin. Here, small-interfering RNAs against MICU1 or adenovirus-based plasmids encoding MICU1 were delivered into left ventricles of mice or incubated with neonatal murine ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) for 48 h. MICU1 expression was depressed in hypertrophic myocardia and MICU1 knockdown aggravated Ang-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, MICU1 upregulation decreased cardiomyocyte susceptibility to hypertrophic stress. Ang-II administration, particularly in NMVMs with MICU1 knockdown, led to significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, altered mitochondrial morphology, and suppressed mitochondrial function, all of which were reversed by MICU1 supplementation. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)/MICU1 expression in hypertrophic myocardia increased with melatonin. Melatonin ameliorated excessive ROS generation, promoted mitochondrial function, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in control but not MICU1 knockdown NMVMs or mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MICU1 attenuates Ang-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting mitochondria-derived oxidative stress. MICU1 activation may be the mechanism underlying melatonin-induced protection against myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - De Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Haifeng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
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10
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Lu PN, Moreland T, Christian CJ, Lund TC, Steet RA, Flanagan-Steet H. Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133019. [PMID: 33055423 PMCID: PMC7605527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to identify primary pathogenic mechanisms driving disease. Aberrant localization and expression of cathepsin proteases can perpetuate later-stage heart diseases, but their contribution toward CHDs is unclear. To investigate the contribution of cathepsins during cardiovascular development and congenital disease, we analyzed the pathogenesis of cardiac defects in zebrafish models of the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (MLII). MLII is caused by mutations in the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme (Gnptab) that disrupt carbohydrate-dependent sorting of lysosomal enzymes. Without Gnptab, lysosomal hydrolases, including cathepsin proteases, are inappropriately secreted. Analyses of heart development in gnptab-deficient zebrafish show cathepsin K secretion increases its activity, disrupts TGF-β–related signaling, and alters myocardial and valvular formation. Importantly, cathepsin K inhibition restored normal heart and valve development in MLII embryos. Collectively, these data identify mislocalized cathepsin K as an initiator of cardiac disease in this lysosomal disorder and establish cathepsin inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Mislocalized cathepsin K promotes cardiac disease in a zebrafish model of the lysosomal disorder mucolipidosis II and can be targeted by cathespin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Nien Lu
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney J Christian
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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11
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Cathepsin K Deficiency Impaired Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Aged Mice. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:6938620. [PMID: 32676120 PMCID: PMC7346230 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6938620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cysteine protease cathepsin K (CatK) has been implicated in the process of angiogenesis, but the exact roles of individual CatK in vessel formation during aging are poorly understood. Methods and Results To study the putative role of CatK in ischemia-induced angiogenesis, we applied a hindlimb ischemia model to aged wild-type (CatK+/+) and CatK-deficient (CatK−/−) mice. A serial laser Doppler blood-flow analysis revealed that the recovery of the ischemic/normal blood-flow ratio in the aged CatK−/−mice was impaired throughout the follow-up period. On postoperative day 14, CatK deficiency had also impaired capillary formation. CatK deficiency reduced the levels of cleaved Notch1, phospho-Akt, and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in the ischemic muscles and bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ cells. A flow cytometry analysis revealed that CatK deficiency reduced the numbers of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-like CD31+/c-Kit+ cells in the peripheral blood as well as the ischemic vasculature. In vitro experiments, CatK−/− impaired bone-derived c-Kit+ cellular functions (migration, invasion, proliferation, and tubulogenesis) in aged mice. Our findings demonstrated that aging impaired the ischemia-induced angiogenesis associated with the reductions of the production and mobilization of CD31+/c-Kit+ cells in mice. Conclusions These findings established that the impairment of ischemia-induced neovascularization in aged CatK−/− mice is due, at least in part, to the reduction of EPC mobilization and the homing of the cells into vasculature that is associated with the impairment of Notch1 signaling activation at advanced ages.
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Overexpression of cathepsin K and vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic venous ulcerations. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:234-239. [PMID: 32489360 PMCID: PMC7262799 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a disabling condition affecting about 1% to 3% of the general population. Besides varicose veins, CVD can result also in the formation of severe skin lesions, especially venous ulcerations (VU). The exact mechanism of VU is still unknown. Aim To evaluate immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cathepsin K in healthy individuals and patients with VU. Material and methods The study included 12 patients with venous ulcers and 10 healthy individuals who served as controls; both groups were sex- and age-matched. Biopsy samples were obtained from lower leg areas and submitted to histochemical analysis. Results There was a significant difference between the study group and the control group in cathepsin K expression (1.007 ±0.3 vs. 0.22 ±0.2, respectively, p < 0.001) and VEGF expression (1.17 ±0.59 vs. 0.27 ±0.19, respectively, p < 0.001). Additionally, the microvessel density (per mm2) differed significantly between the study group and the control group (97.6 ±28.81 vs. 59.32 ±12.71, respectively, p < 0.001). We found no correlation between cathepsin K and microvessel density, and cathepsin K and VEGF in both groups, but there was a significant correlation between microvessel density and VEGF immunoexpression in the study group (r = 0.82, p = 0.002). Conclusions Increased immunoexpression of VEGF and cathepsin K suggests that both of these proteins may play a role in VU development.
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Shi GP. Cysteinyl cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140360. [PMID: 31926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsins are lysosomal/endosomal proteases that mediate bulk protein degradation in these intracellular acidic compartments. Yet, studies indicate that these proteases also appear in the nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space. Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) show increased levels of cathepsins in the heart, aorta, and plasma. Plasma cathepsins often serve as biomarkers or risk factors of CVD. In aortic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysms, cathepsins play pathogenic roles, but many of the same cathepsins are cardioprotective in hypertensive, hypertrophic, and infarcted hearts. During the development of CVD, cathepsins are regulated by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hypertensive stimuli, oxidative stress, and many others. Cathepsin activities in inflammatory molecule activation, immunity, cell migration, cholesterol metabolism, neovascularization, cell death, cell signaling, and tissue fibrosis all contribute to CVD and are reviewed in this article in memory of Dr. Nobuhiko Katunuma for his contribution to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
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14
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Dai R, Wu Z, Chu HY, Lu J, Lyu A, Liu J, Zhang G. Cathepsin K: The Action in and Beyond Bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32582709 PMCID: PMC7287012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent proteases in lysosomal cysteine proteases family, of which main function is to mediate bone resorption. Currently, CatK is among the most attractive targets for anti-osteoporosis drug development. Although many pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of selective inhibitors for CatK, there is no FDA approved drug till now. Odanacatib (ODN) developed by Merck & Co. is the only CatK inhibitor candidate which demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis in Phase III clinical trials. Unfortunately, the development of ODN was finally terminated due to the cardio-cerebrovascular adverse effects. Therefore, it arouses concerns on the undesirable CatK inhibition in non-bone sites. It is known that CatK has far-reaching actions throughout various organs besides bone. Many studies have also demonstrated the involvement of CatK in various diseases beyond the musculoskeletal system. This review not only summarized the functional roles of CatK in bone and beyond bone, but also discussed the potential relevance of the CatK action beyond bone to the adverse effects of inhibiting CatK in non-bone sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Dai
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zeting Wu
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Liu,
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Ge Zhang,
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Periostin Mediates Right Ventricular Failure through Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Right Ventricular Fibroblasts from Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010062. [PMID: 30586863 PMCID: PMC6337160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to lethal right ventricular failure (RVF). Periostin (POSTN) mRNA expression is increased in right ventricles (RVs) of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH model rats. However, the pathophysiological role of POSTN in RVF has not been clarified. We investigated the effects of POSTN on inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production, which causes cardiac dysfunction, in right ventricular fibroblasts (RVFbs). Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline. Three weeks after injection, RVFbs were isolated from RVs of MCT- or saline-injected rats (MCT-RVFb or CONT-RVFb). In MCT-RVFb, iNOS expression and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were higher than those in CONT-RVFb. Recombinant POSTN increased iNOS expression and NO production, which were prevented by a pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2, JNK or NF-κB in RVFbs isolated from normal rats. Culture medium of POSTN-stimulated RVFbs suppressed Ca2+ inflow through l-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. We demonstrated that POSTN enhances iNOS expression and subsequent NO production via ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in RVFbs. POSTN might mediate RVF through the suppression of LTCC activity of cardiomyocytes by producing NO from RVFbs in PAH model rats.
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16
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Li CC, Qiu XT, Sun Q, Zhou JP, Yang HJ, Wu WZ, He LF, Tang CE, Zhang GG, Bai YP. Endogenous reduction of miR-185 accelerates cardiac function recovery in mice following myocardial infarction via targeting of cathepsin K. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1164-1173. [PMID: 30450725 PMCID: PMC6349160 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for re‐establishing the blood supply to the surviving myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MicroRNAs are recognised as important epigenetic regulators of endothelial function. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of microRNAs in angiogenesis. Eighteen circulating microRNAs including miR‐185‐5p were differently expressed in plasma from patients with ACS by high‐throughput RNA sequencing. The expressional levels of miR‐185‐5p were dramatically reduced in hearts isolated from mice following MI and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and quantitative RT‐PCR. Evidence from computational prediction and luciferase reporter gene activity indicated that cathepsin K (CatK) mRNA is a target of miR‐185‐5p. In HUVECs, miR‐185‐5p mimics inhibited cell proliferations, migrations and tube formations under hypoxia, while miR‐185‐5p inhibitors performed the opposites. Further, the inhibitory effects of miR‐185‐5p up‐regulation on cellular functions of HUVECs were abolished by CatK gene overexpression, and adenovirus‐mediated CatK gene silencing ablated these enhancive effects in HUVECs under hypoxia. In vivo studies indicated that gain‐function of miR‐185‐5p by agomir infusion down‐regulated CatK gene expression, impaired angiogenesis and delayed the recovery of cardiac functions in mice following MI. These actions of miR‐185‐5p agonists were mirrored by in vivo knockdown of CatK in mice with MI. Endogenous reductions of miR‐185‐5p in endothelial cells induced by hypoxia increase CatK gene expression to promote angiogenesis and to accelerate the recovery of cardiac function in mice following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Ting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Peng Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan-Zhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Fang He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-E Tang
- Institute of Medical Science Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Systems Genetics Approach to Biomarker Discovery: GPNMB and Heart Failure in Mice and Humans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3499-3506. [PMID: 30201759 PMCID: PMC6222577 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple bioinformatics method for biomarker discovery that is based on the analysis of global transcript levels in a population of inbred mouse strains showing variation for disease-related traits. This method has advantages such as controlled environment and accessibility to heart and plasma tissue in the preclinical selection stage. We illustrate the approach by identifying candidate heart failure (HF) biomarkers by overlaying mouse transcriptome and clinical traits from 91 Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) inbred strains and human HF transcriptome from the Myocardial Applied Genomics Network (MAGNet) consortium. We found that some of the top differentially expressed genes correlated with known human HF biomarkers, such as galectin-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Using ELISA assays, we investigated one novel candidate, Glycoprotein NMB, in a mouse model of chronic β-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol (ISO) induced HF. We observed significantly lower GPNMB plasma levels in the ISO model compared to the control group (p-value = 0.007). In addition, we assessed GPNMB plasma levels among 389 HF cases and controls from the METabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) study. Lower levels of GPNMB were also observed in patients with HF from the METSIM study compared to non-HF controls (p-value < 0.0001). In summary, we have identified several candidate biomarkers for HF using the cardiac transcriptome data in a population of mice that may be directly relevant and applicable to human populations.
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18
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Song J, Chen Z, Geng T, Wang M, Yi S, Liu K, Zhou W, Gao J, Song W, Tang H. Deleting MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells promotes development of adenocarcinomas of the colon. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:65-75. [PMID: 29960049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal myeloid cells are not only essential for keeping local homeostasis, but also play an important role in regulating the occurrence of colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In these diseases, the manner in which the myeloid cells work and which molecular pathways influence them are still not fully understood. In our study, we discovered that MyD88 signaling in colonic myeloid cells participates in the development of CAC. Myeloid MyD88-deficient mice showed greater susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC, as evidenced by the increase in the number and sizes of tumors. Myeloid MyD88 deletion markedly increased production of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumor cytokines; recruitment of more IL-1β producing-neutrophils in colon from bone marrow; increased in epithelial cell apoptosis and decreased in epithelial cell proliferation; enhancement of colon mucosal expression of COX-2, p-STAT3, β-catenin, and cyclinD1; induction of further DNA damage and β-catenin mutation. To sum up, these results suggest that myeloid MyD88 signaling protects the intestine from tumorigenesis during the development of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Song
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuying Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jiming Gao
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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19
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Cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of Cathepsin K protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:692. [PMID: 29880809 PMCID: PMC5992138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal cysteine protease Cathepsin K is elevated in humans and animal models of heart failure. Our recent studies show that whole-body deletion of Cathepsin K protects mice against cardiac dysfunction. Whether this is attributable to a direct effect on cardiomyocytes or is a consequence of the global metabolic alterations associated with Cathepsin K deletion is unknown. To determine the role of Cathepsin K in cardiomyocytes, we developed a cardiomyocyte-specific Cathepsin K-deficient mouse model and tested the hypothesis that ablation of Cathepsin K in cardiomyocytes would ameliorate the cardiotoxic side-effects of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. We used an α-myosin heavy chain promoter to drive expression of Cre, which resulted in over 80% reduction in protein and mRNA levels of cardiac Cathepsin K at baseline. Four-month-old control (Myh-Cre-; Ctskfl/fl) and Cathepsin K knockout (Myh-Cre+; Ctskfl/fl) mice received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin or vehicle, 1 week following which, body and tissue weight, echocardiographic properties, cardiomyocyte contractile function and Ca2+-handling were evaluated. Control mice treated with doxorubicin exhibited a marked increase in cardiac Cathepsin K, which was associated with an impairment in cardiac structure and function, evidenced as an increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, decreased fractional shortening and wall thickness, disruption in cardiac sarcomere and microfilaments and impaired intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In contrast, the aforementioned cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin were attenuated or reversed in mice lacking cardiac Cathepsin K. Mechanistically, Cathepsin K-deficiency reconciled the disturbance in cardiac energy homeostasis and attenuated NF-κB signaling and apoptosis to ameliorate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cathepsin K may represent a viable drug target to treat cardiac disease.
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20
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Liu CL, Guo J, Zhang X, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins in cardiovascular disease: from basic research to clinical trials. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15:351-370. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Pei Z, Deng Q, Babcock SA, He EY, Ren J, Zhang Y. Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) rescues against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy: Role of autophagy and ER stress. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:10-20. [PMID: 29174818 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to oxidative stress and contractile dysfunction in the heart. Although several rationales have been speculated, the precise mechanism behind diabetic cardiomyopathy remains elusive. This study was designed to assess the role of inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac contractile function was assessed in normal C57BL/6 and STZ (200mg/kg, single injection and maintained for 2 wks)-induced diabetic mice treated with or without the AGE inhibitor aminoguanidine (50mg/kg/d in drinking water) for 2 weeks using echocardiography and IonOptix MyoCam techniques. Diabetes compromised cardiac contractile function shown as reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction, enlarged left ventricular end systolic/diastolic diameters, decreased peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, prolonged shortening and relengthening duration as well as impaired intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the effects of which were alleviated or reversed by aminoguanidine treatment. Diabetes also inhibited autophagy, increased ER stress and phosphorylation of pro-hypertrophic signaling molecules Akt and mTOR, the effect of which was reversed by aminoguanidine. In vitro study revealed that methylglyoxal-derived AGE (MG-AGE) incubation in isolated cardiomyocytes promoted oxidation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) and production of superoxide, the effects of which were negated by the autophagy inducer rapamycin, the ER stress chaperone TUDCA or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these data revealed that inhibition of AGE formation rescues against experimental diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction possible through regulation of autophagy and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Pei
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Qinqin Deng
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Sara A Babcock
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Emily Y He
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 210032, China.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 210032, China.
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22
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Guo R, Hua Y, Rogers O, Brown TE, Ren J, Nair S. Cathepsin K knockout protects against cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8703. [PMID: 28821796 PMCID: PMC5562704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin K plays a critical role in cardiac pathophysiology. To expand upon our previous findings, we tested the hypothesis that, knockout of cathepsin K protects against diabetes-associated cardiac anomalies. Wild-type and cathepsin K knockout mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Body weight, organ mass, fasting blood glucose, energy expenditure, cardiac geometry and function, cardiac histomorphology, glutathione levels and protein levels of cathepsin K and those associated with Ca2+ handling, calcineurin/NFAT signaling, insulin signaling, cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis were determined. STZ-induced diabetic mice exhibited distinct cardiac dysfunction, dampened intracellular calcium handling, alterations in cardiac morphology, and elevated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which were mitigated in the cathepsin K knockout mice. Additionally, cathepsin K knockout mice attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and calcineurin/NFAT signaling in diabetic mice. In cultured H9c2 myoblasts, pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K, or treatment with calcineurin inhibitor rescued cells from high-glucose triggered oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, cathepsin K may represent a potential target in treating diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Yinan Hua
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Olivia Rogers
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Travis E Brown
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, WY, 82071, USA.
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23
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Drake MT, Clarke BL, Oursler MJ, Khosla S. Cathepsin K Inhibitors for Osteoporosis: Biology, Potential Clinical Utility, and Lessons Learned. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:325-350. [PMID: 28651365 PMCID: PMC5546879 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease member of the cathepsin lysosomal protease family. Although cathepsin K is highly expressed in osteoclasts, lower levels of cathepsin K are also found in a variety of other tissues. Secretion of cathepsin K from the osteoclast into the sealed osteoclast-bone cell interface results in efficient degradation of type I collagen. The absence of cathepsin K activity in humans results in pycnodysostosis, characterized by increased bone mineral density and fractures. Pharmacologic cathepsin K inhibition leads to continuous increases in bone mineral density for ≤5 years of treatment and improves bone strength at the spine and hip. Compared with other antiresorptive agents, cathepsin K inhibition is nearly equally efficacious for reducing biochemical markers of bone resorption but comparatively less active for reducing bone formation markers. Despite multiple efforts to develop cathepsin K inhibitors, potential concerns related to off-target effects of the inhibitors against other cathepsins and cathepsin K inhibition at nonbone sites, including skin and perhaps cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sites, prolonged the regulatory approval process. A large multinational randomized, double-blind phase III study of odanacatib in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was recently completed. Although that study demonstrated clinically relevant reductions in fractures at multiple sites, odanacatib was ultimately withdrawn from the regulatory approval process after it was found to be associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Nonetheless, the underlying biology and clinical effects of cathepsin K inhibition remain of considerable interest and could guide future therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Drake
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Bart L. Clarke
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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24
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Wu P, Yuan X, Li F, Zhang J, Zhu W, Wei M, Li J, Wang X. Myocardial Upregulation of Cathepsin D by Ischemic Heart Disease Promotes Autophagic Flux and Protects Against Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004044. [PMID: 28694354 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in human heart failure for which ischemic heart disease is the leading cause. Altered myocardial expression of CTSD (cathepsin D), a major lysosomal protease, was observed in human heart failure, but its pathophysiological significance has not been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot analyses revealed an increase in the precursor but not the mature form of CTSD in myocardial samples from explanted human failing hearts with ischemic heart disease, which is recapitulated in chronic myocardial infarction produced via coronary artery ligation in Ctsd+/+ but not Ctsd+/- mice. Mice deficient of Ctsd displayed impaired myocardial autophagosome removal, reduced autophagic flux, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. After induction of myocardial infarction, weekly serial echocardiography detected earlier occurrence of left ventricle chamber dilatation, greater decreases in ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and lesser wall thickening throughout the first 4 weeks; pressure-volume relationship analyses at 4 weeks revealed greater decreases in systolic and diastolic functions, stroke work, stroke volume, and cardiac output; greater increases in the ventricular weight to body weight and the lung weight to body weight ratios and larger scar size were also detected in Ctsd+/- mice compared with Ctsd+/+ mice. Significant increases of myocardial autophagic flux detected at 1 and 4 weeks after induction of myocardial infarction in the Ctsd+/+ mice were diminished in the Ctsd+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial CTSD upregulation induced by myocardial infarction protects against cardiac remodeling and malfunction, which is at least in part through promoting myocardial autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Xun Yuan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Faqian Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Wei Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Meng Wei
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.)
| | - Jingbo Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.).
| | - Xuejun Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (P.W., M.W., J.L., X.W.); Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion (P.W., X.W.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (X.Y., F.L.); Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.); Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China (W.Z.); Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (X.W.); and Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.W.).
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25
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Zheng X, Cheng G, Luo J, Ye Q, Deng Y, Wu L. Odanacatib Inhibits Resistin-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Through the Inactivation of ERK Signaling Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.212.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Partial inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 4 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac function. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1766-77. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Brömme D, Panwar P, Turan S. Cathepsin K osteoporosis trials, pycnodysostosis and mouse deficiency models: Commonalities and differences. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:457-72. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1160884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Hanchard NA, Swaminathan S, Bucasas K, Furthner D, Fernbach S, Azamian MS, Wang X, Lewin M, Towbin JA, D'Alessandro LCA, Morris SA, Dreyer W, Denfield S, Ayres NA, Franklin WJ, Justino H, Lantin-Hermoso MR, Ocampo EC, Santos AB, Parekh D, Moodie D, Jeewa A, Lawrence E, Allen HD, Penny DJ, Fraser CD, Lupski JR, Popoola M, Wadhwa L, Brook JD, Bu'Lock FA, Bhattacharya S, Lalani SR, Zender GA, Fitzgerald-Butt SM, Bowman J, Corsmeier D, White P, Lecerf K, Zapata G, Hernandez P, Goodship JA, Garg V, Keavney BD, Leal SM, Cordell HJ, Belmont JW, McBride KL. A genome-wide association study of congenital cardiovascular left-sided lesions shows association with a locus on chromosome 20. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2331-2341. [PMID: 26965164 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects involving left-sided lesions (LSLs) are relatively common birth defects with substantial morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested a high heritability with a complex genetic architecture, such that only a few LSL loci have been identified. We performed a genome-wide case-control association study to address the role of common variants using a discovery cohort of 778 cases and 2756 controls. We identified a genome-wide significant association mapping to a 200 kb region on chromosome 20q11 [P= 1.72 × 10-8 for rs3746446; imputed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs6088703 P= 3.01 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR)= 1.6 for both]. This result was supported by transmission disequilibrium analyses using a subset of 541 case families (lowest P in region= 4.51 × 10-5, OR= 1.5). Replication in a cohort of 367 LSL cases and 5159 controls showed nominal association (P= 0.03 for rs3746446) resulting in P= 9.49 × 10-9 for rs3746446 upon meta-analysis of the combined cohorts. In addition, a group of seven SNPs on chromosome 1q21.3 met threshold for suggestive association (lowest P= 9.35 × 10-7 for rs12045807). Both regions include genes involved in cardiac development-MYH7B/miR499A on chromosome 20 and CTSK, CTSS and ARNT on chromosome 1. Genome-wide heritability analysis using case-control genotyped SNPs suggested that the mean heritability of LSLs attributable to common variants is moderately high ([Formula: see text] range= 0.26-0.34) and consistent with previous assertions. These results provide evidence for the role of common variation in LSLs, proffer new genes as potential biological candidates, and give further insight to the complex genetic architecture of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Kristine Bucasas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics
| | - Dieter Furthner
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Mark Lewin
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy A Ayres
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Henri Justino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | | | | | - Dhaval Parekh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Aamir Jeewa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Hugh D Allen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Charles D Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Lalita Wadhwa
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Sara M Fitzgerald-Butt
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Heart Center, and
| | | | - Don Corsmeier
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter White
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey Lecerf
- College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gladys Zapata
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Judith A Goodship
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and
| | - Vidu Garg
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Heart Center, and
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
| | - Kim L McBride
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research,
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29
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Ren J, Xu X, Wang Q, Ren SY, Dong M, Zhang Y. Permissive role of AMPK and autophagy in adiponectin deficiency-accentuated myocardial injury and inflammation in endotoxemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:18-31. [PMID: 26906634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (APN), an adipose-derived adipokine, alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in multiple organs including hearts although the underlying mechanism in endotoxemia remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the role of adiponectin in LPS-induced cardiac anomalies and inflammation as well as the underlying mechanism with a focus on autophagy - a conserved machinery for bulk degradation of intracellular components. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and APN(-/-) mice were challenged with LPS (4mg/kg) or saline for 6h. Echocardiography, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were evaluated. Markers of autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation including LC3B, p62, Beclin1, AMPK, mTOR, ULK, Caspase 3, Bcl-2, Bax, TLR4, TRAF6, MyD88, IL-1B, TNFα, HMGB1, JNK and IκB were examined using Western blot or RT-PCR. Our results showed that LPS challenge reduced fractional shortening, compromised cardiomyocyte contractile capacity, intracellular Ca(2+) handling properties, apoptosis and inflammation, which were accentuated by adiponectin ablation. Adiponectin ablation unmasked the LPS-induced cardiac remodeling (left ventricular end systolic diameter) and prolongation of cell shortening. The detrimental effects of adiponectin ablation were associated with dampened autophagy in response to LPS through an AMPK-mTOR-ULK1-dependent mechanism. In vivo administration of AMPK activator AICAR or the autophagy inducer rapamycin effectively attenuated or obliterated LPS-induced and adiponectin deficiency-accentuated responses without affecting TLR4, TRAF6 and MyD88. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that AMPK and autophagy may play a permissive role in the adiponectin deficiency-exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammation under LPS challenge possibly at the post-TLR4 receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sidney Y Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Maolong Dong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Burn and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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30
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Zhao G, Li Y, Cui L, Li X, Jin Z, Han X, Fang E, Gao Y, Zhou D, Jiang H, Jin X, Piao G, Li X, Yang G, Jin J, Zhu E, Piao M, Piao L, Yuan K, Lei Y, Ding D, Jin C, Nan Y, Cheng X. Increased Circulating Cathepsin K in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136093. [PMID: 26302400 PMCID: PMC4547812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian collagenases involved in cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the clinical predictive value of serum CatK levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We examined 134 patients with CHF, measuring their serum CatK, troponin I, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and pre-operative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The patients were divided into two groups: the 44 patients who showed a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (the “lowLVEF” group) and the 90 patients showing LVEF values ≥ 40% (the “highLVEF” group). The lowLVEF patients had significantly higher serum CatK levels compared to the highLVEF patients (58.4 ± 12.2 vs. 44.7 ± 16.4, P < 0.001). Overall, a linear regression analysis showed that CatK levels correlated negatively with LVEF (r = −0.4, P < 0.001) and positively with LV end-diastolic dimensions (r = 0.2, P < 0.01), LV end-systolic dimensions (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), and left atrial diameters (r = 0.3, P < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CatK levels were independent predictors of CHF (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.95; P < 0.01). These data indicate that elevated levels of CatK are closely associated with the presence of CHF and that the measurement of circulating CatK provides a noninvasive method of documenting and monitoring the extent of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yuzi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Lan Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
- * E-mail: (LC); (XC)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Zhenyi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xiongyi Han
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Ennan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Department of Clinical Examination, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xueying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Guanghao Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Xiangshan Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Jiyong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Meina Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Kuichang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Dazhi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- Department of Clinical Examination, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
| | - Yongshan Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Xianwu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R., China
- * E-mail: (LC); (XC)
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31
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Hua Y, Ren SY, Guo R, Rogers O, Nair RP, Bagchi D, Swaroop A, Nair S. Furostanolic saponins from Trigonella foenum-graecum
alleviate diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Sidney Y. Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Olivia Rogers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Rama P. Nair
- Research & Development Division, Nutriwyo LLC; Laramie WY USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Research & Development Division; Cepham Inc; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Research & Development Division; Cepham Inc; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
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32
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Hua Y, Robinson TJ, Cao Y, Shi G, Ren J, Nair S. Cathepsin K knockout alleviates aging-induced cardiac dysfunction. Aging Cell 2015; 14:345-51. [PMID: 25692548 PMCID: PMC4406663 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It has previously been shown that protein levels of cathepsin K, a lysosomal cysteine protease, are elevated in the failing heart and that genetic ablation of cathepsin K protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Here we test the hypothesis that cathepsin K knockout alleviates age-dependent decline in cardiac function. Cardiac geometry, contractile function, intracellular Ca(2+) properties, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were evaluated using echocardiography, fura-2 technique, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and TUNEL staining, respectively. Aged (24-month-old) mice exhibited significant cardiac remodeling (enlarged chamber size, wall thickness, myocyte cross-sectional area, and fibrosis), decreased cardiac contractility, prolonged relengthening along with compromised intracellular Ca(2+) release compared to young (6-month-old) mice, which were attenuated in the cathepsin K knockout mice. Cellular markers of senescence, including cardiac lipofuscin, p21 and p16, were lower in the aged-cathepsin K knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterpart. Mechanistically, cathepsin K knockout mice attenuated an age-induced increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and nuclear translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). In cultured H9c2 cells, doxorubicin stimulated premature senescence and apoptosis. Silencing of cathepsin K blocked the doxorubicin-induced translocation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. Collectively, these results suggest that cathepsin K knockout attenuates age-related decline in cardiac function via suppressing caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Timothy J. Robinson
- WWAMI Medical Education College of Health Sciences University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Yongtao Cao
- Department of Mathematics Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana PA 15705USA
| | - Guo‐Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Laramie WY 82071 USA
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Blondelle J, Lange S, Greenberg BH, Cowling RT. Cathepsins in heart disease-chewing on the heartache? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H974-6. [PMID: 25747750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Barry H Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Kandadi MR, Panzhinskiy E, Roe ND, Nair S, Hu D, Sun A. Deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B rescues against myocardial anomalies in high fat diet-induced obesity: Role of AMPK-dependent autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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D'Amico A, Ragusa R, Caruso R, Prescimone T, Nonini S, Cabiati M, Del Ry S, Trivella MG, Giannessi D, Caselli C. Uncovering the cathepsin system in heart failure patients submitted to Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:350. [PMID: 25496327 PMCID: PMC4274696 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In end-stage heart failure (HF), the implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is able to induce reverse remodeling. Cellular proteases, such as cathepsins, are involved in the progression of HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cathepsin system in HF patients supported by LVAD, in order to determine their involvement in cardiac remodeling. Methods The expression of cysteine (CatB, CatK, CatL, CatS) and serine cathepsin (CatG), and relative inhibitors (Cystatin B, C and SerpinA3, respectively) was determined in cardiac biopsies of 22 patients submitted to LVAD (pre-LVAD) and compared with: 1) control stable chronic HF patients on medical therapy at the moment of heart transplantation without prior LVAD (HT, n = 7); 2) patients supported by LVAD at the moment of transplantation (post-LVAD, n = 6). Results The expression of cathepsins and their inhibitors was significantly higher in pre-LVAD compared to the HT group and LVAD induced a further increase in the cathepsin system. Significant positive correlations were observed between cardiac expression of cathepsins and their inhibitors as well as inflammatory cytokines. In the pre-LVAD group, a relationship of cathepsins with dilatative etiology and length of hospitalization was found. Conclusions A parallel activation of cathepsins and their inhibitors was observed after LVAD support. The possible clinical importance of these modifications is confirmed by their relation with patients’ outcome. A better discovery of these pathways could add more insights into the cardiac remodeling during HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D'Amico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rosetta Ragusa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Caruso
- Cardiovascular Department, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Prescimone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sandra Nonini
- Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giannessi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
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Li X, Li Y, Jin J, Jin D, Cui L, Li X, Rei Y, Jiang H, Zhao G, Yang G, Zhu E, Nan Y, Cheng X. Increased serum cathepsin K in patients with coronary artery disease. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:912-9. [PMID: 24954318 PMCID: PMC4075394 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cathepsin K is a potent collagenase implicated in human and animal atherosclerosis-based vascular remodeling. This study examined the hypothesis that serum CatK is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2012, 256 consecutive subjects were enrolled from among patients who underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention treatment. A total of 129 age-matched subjects served as controls. RESULTS The subjects' serum cathepsin K and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. The patients with CAD had significantly higher serum cathepsin K levels compared to the controls (130.8±25.5 ng/mL vs. 86.9±25.5 ng/mL, p<0.001), and the patients with acute coronary syndrome had significantly higher serum cathepsin K levels compared to those with stable angina pectoris (137.1±26.9 ng/mL vs. 102.6±12.9 ng/mL, p<0.001). A linear regression analysis showed that overall, the cathepsin K levels were inversely correlated with the high-density lipoprotein levels (r=-0.29, p<0.01) and positively with hs-CRP levels (r=0.32, p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses shows that cathepsin K levels were independent predictors of CAD (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.56; p<0.01). CONCLUSION These data indicated that elevated levels of cathepsin K are closely associated with the presence of CAD and that circulating cathepsin K serves a useful biomarker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Yuzi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Jiyong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Dehao Jin
- Intervention Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Lan Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China.
| | - Xiangshan Li
- Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Yanna Rei
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Yongshan Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China
| | - Xianwu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin P.R., China. ; Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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IL-17A promotes ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1105-16. [PMID: 24965614 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We previously demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-17A plays a pathogenic role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and viral myocarditis. However, the role of IL-17A in post-MI remodeling and the related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Acute MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice. Repletion of IL-17A significantly aggravated both early- and late-phase ventricular remodeling, as demonstrated by increased infarct size, deteriorated cardiac function, increased myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. By contrast, genetic IL-17A deficiency had the opposite effect. Additional studies in vitro indicated that IL-17A induces neonatal cardiomyocyte (from C57BL/6 mice) apoptosis through the activation of p38, p53 phosphorylation, and Bax redistribution. These data demonstrate that IL-17A induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p53-Bax signaling pathway and promotes both early- and late-phase post-MI ventricular remodeling. IL-17A might be an important target in preventing heart failure after MI. Key message: We demonstrated that IL-17A plays a pathogenic role both in the early and late stages of post-MI remodeling. IL-17A induces murine cardiomyocyte apoptosis. IL-17A induces murine cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the p38 MAPK-p53-Bax signaling pathway.
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Jiang H, Cheng XW, Shi GP, Hu L, Inoue A, Yamamura Y, Wu H, Takeshita K, Li X, Huang Z, Song H, Asai M, Hao CN, Unno K, Koike T, Oshida Y, Okumura K, Murohara T, Kuzuya M. Cathepsin K-mediated Notch1 activation contributes to neovascularization in response to hypoxia. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3838. [PMID: 24894568 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases play important roles in pathobiology. Here we reveal that cathepsin K (CatK) has a role in ischaemia-induced neovascularization. Femoral artery ligation-induced ischaemia in mice increases CatK expression and activity, and CatK-deficient mice show impaired functional recovery following hindlimb ischaemia. CatK deficiency reduces the levels of cleaved Notch1 (c-Notch1), Hes1 Hey1, Hey2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Flt-1 and phospho-Akt proteins of the ischaemic muscles. In endothelial cells, silencing of CatK mimicked, whereas CatK overexpression enhanced, the levels of c-Notch1 and the expression of Notch downstream signalling molecules, suggesting CatK contributes to Notch1 processing and activates downstream signalling. Moreover, CatK knockdown leads to defective endothelial cell invasion, proliferation and tube formation, and CatK deficiency is associated with decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells-like CD31(+)/c-Kit(+) cells in mice following hindlimb ischaemia. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells from CatK(+/+) mice restores the impairment of neovascularization in CatK(-/-) mice. We conclude that CatK may be a potential therapeutic target for ischaemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Jiang
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan [3] Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China [4]
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan [3] Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China [4] Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul1 30-702, Korea [5]
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin 133000, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Haizhen Song
- 1] Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan [2] Department of Dermatology, No.3 People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Masashi Asai
- Department of Molecular Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki-ken, Japan
| | - Chang-Ning Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Unno
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Koike
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 4668550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
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Hua Y, Nair S. Proteases in cardiometabolic diseases: Pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:195-208. [PMID: 24815358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and other developed countries. Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia is a major threat for public health in the modern society. It is well established that metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease collective called as cardiometabolic disease. Despite documented studies in the research field of cardiometabolic disease, the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, many of which have been implicated in various diseases including cardiac disease. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), calpain, cathepsin and caspase are among the major proteases involved in cardiac remodeling. Recent studies have also implicated proteases in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Elevated expression and activities of proteases in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, obesity/insulin-associated heart disease as well as hypertensive heart disease have been documented. Furthermore, transgenic animals that are deficient in or over-express proteases allow scientists to understand the causal relationship between proteases and cardiometabolic disease. Mechanistically, MMPs and cathepsins exert their effect on cardiometabolic diseases mainly through modifying the extracellular matrix. However, MMP and cathepsin are also reported to affect intracellular proteins, by which they contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. On the other hand, activation of calpain and caspases has been shown to influence intracellular signaling cascade including the NF-κB and apoptosis pathways. Clinically, proteases are reported to function as biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases. More importantly, the inhibitors of proteases are credited with beneficial cardiometabolic profile, although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these salutary effects are still under investigation. A better understanding of the role of MMPs, cathepsins, calpains and caspases in cardiometabolic diseases process may yield novel therapeutic targets for treating or controlling these diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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