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Zhang JJ, Mao-Mao, Shao MM, Wang MC. Therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155535. [PMID: 38537442 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling, with a high incidence and mortality. At present, many clinical drugs for treating PAH mainly exert effects by relaxing the pulmonary artery, with limited therapeutic effects, so the search for viable therapeutic agents continues uninterrupted. In recent years, natural flavonoids have shown promising potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to comprehensively elucidate the potential of natural flavonoids to combat PAH. PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of natural flavonoids to hinder or slow down the occurrence and development of PAH, and to identify promising drug discovery candidates. METHODS Literature was collected from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of science, CNKI databases and Google scholar. The search terms used included "pulmonary arterial hypertension", "pulmonary hypertension", "natural products", "natural flavonoids", "traditional chinese medicine", etc., and several combinations of these keywords. RESULTS The resources, structural characteristics, mechanisms, potential and prospect strategies of natural flavonoids for treating PAH were summarized. Natural flavonoids offer different solutions as possible treatments for PAH. These mechanisms may involve various pathways and molecular targets related to the pathogenesis of PAH, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, genetic, ion channels, cell proliferation and autophagy. In addition, prospect strategies of natural flavonoids for anti-PAH including structural modification and nanomaterial delivery systems have been explored. This review suggests that the potential of natural flavonoids as alternative therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of PAH holds promise for future research and clinical applications. CONCLUSION Despite displaying the enormous potential of flavonoids in PAH, some limitations need to be further explored. Firstly, using advanced drug discovery tools, including computer-aided design and high-throughput screening, to further investigate the safety, biological activity, and precise mechanism of action of flavonoids. Secondly, exploring the structural modifications of these compounds is expected to optimize their efficacy. Lastly, it is necessary to conduct well controlled clinical trials and a comprehensive evaluation of potential side effects to determine their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Mao-Mao
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Min-Min Shao
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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Luo R, Gourriérec PL, Antigny F, Bedouet K, Domenichini S, Gomez AM, Benitah JP, Sabourin J. STIM2 variants regulate Orai1/TRPC1/TRPC4-mediated store-operated Ca 2+ entry and mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102871. [PMID: 38537434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) are the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ sensors that trigger store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in a variety of cell types. While STIM1 isoform has been the focus of the research in cardiac pathophysiology, the function of the homolog STIM2 remains unknown. Using Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp techniques, we showed that knockdown (KD) of STIM2 by siRNAs increased SOCE and the ISOC current in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). Within this cardiomyocyte model, we identified the transcript expression of Stim2.1 and Stim2.2 splice variants, with predominance for Stim2.2. Using conventional and super-resolution confocal microscopy (STED), we found that exogenous STIM2.1 and STIM2.2 formed pre-clusters with a reticular organization at rest. Following SR Ca2+ store depletion, some STIM2.1 and STIM2.2 clusters were translocated to SR-plasma membrane (PM) junctions and co-localized with Orai1. The overexpression strategy revealed that STIM2.1 suppressed Orai1-mediated SOCE and the ISOC current while STIM2.2 enhanced SOCE. STIM2.2-enhanced SOCE was also dependent on TRPC1 and TRPC4. Even if STIM2 KD or splice variants overexpression did not affect cytosolic Ca2+ cycling, we observed, using Rhod-2/AM Ca2+ imaging, that Orai1 inhibition or STIM2.1 overexpression abolished the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake, as opposed to STIM2 KD. We also found that STIM2 was present in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) by interacting with the inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), and mitofusin-2 (MNF2). Our results suggested that, in NRVMs, STIM2.1 constitutes the predominant functional variant that negatively regulates Orai1-generated SOCE. It participates in the control of mCa2+ uptake capacity possibly via the STIM2-IP3Rs-VDAC-MCU and MNF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Le Gourriérec
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Inserm, UMR-S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kaveen Bedouet
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Séverine Domenichini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique-Plateforme MIPSIT, Orsay, France
| | - Ana-Maria Gomez
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jessica Sabourin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
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Mocumbi A, Humbert M, Saxena A, Jing ZC, Sliwa K, Thienemann F, Archer SL, Stewart S. Pulmonary hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38177157 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension encompasses a range of conditions directly or indirectly leading to elevated pressures within the pulmonary arteries. Five main groups of pulmonary hypertension are recognized, all defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >20 mmHg: pulmonary arterial hypertension (rare), pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease (very common), pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease (common), pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary artery obstructions, usually related to thromboembolic disease (rare), and pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms (rare). At least 1% of the world's population is affected, with a greater burden more likely in low-income and middle-income countries. Across all its forms, pulmonary hypertension is associated with adverse vascular remodelling with obstruction, stiffening and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature. Without proactive management this leads to hypertrophy and ultimately failure of the right ventricle, the main cause of death. In older individuals, dyspnoea is the most common symptom. Stepwise investigation precedes definitive diagnosis with right heart catheterization. Medical and surgical treatments are approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. There are emerging treatments for other forms of pulmonary hypertension; but current therapy primarily targets the underlying cause. There are still major gaps in basic, clinical and translational knowledge; thus, further research, with a focus on vulnerable populations, is needed to better characterize, detect and effectively treat all forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mocumbi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique.
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, EN 1, Marracuene, Moçambique.
| | - Marc Humbert
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
- ERN-LUNG, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Anita Saxena
- Sharma University of Health Sciences, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Stewart
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhao H, Duan R, Wang Q, Hu X, Zhao Q, Wu W, Jiang R, Gong S, Wang L, Liu J, Deng J, Liang H, Miao Y, Yuan P. MiR-122-5p as a potential regulator of pulmonary vascular wall cell in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22922. [PMID: 38144299 PMCID: PMC10746431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of pulmonary arterial remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We herein aimed to characterize miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and plasma exosomes, and investigate specific miRNA expression in pulmonary artery cells and lung tissues in IPAH. A co-dysregulated miRNA was identified from the miRNA expression profiles of PBMC and plasma exosomes in IPAH. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the potential function of differentially expressed miRNAs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the expression of specific miRNAs in hypoxia-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs), pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), pericyte cells (PCs), and lung tissues of patients with IPAH and rats. Finally, the miRNA-mRNA mechanisms of miR-122-5p were predicted. MiR-122-5p was the only co-upregulated miRNA in PBMC and plasma exosomes in patients with IPAH. Functional analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs revealed associations with the GO terms "transcription, DNA-templated," "cytoplasm," and "metal ion binding" in both PBMC and plasma exosomes, KEGG pathway MAPK signaling in PBMC, and KEGG-pathway human papillomavirus infection in plasma exosomes. Hypoxic PMECs and PCs, lung tissue of patients with IPAH, and rats showed increased expression of miR-122-5p, but hypoxic PASMCs showed decreased expression. And miR-122-5p mimics and inhibitor affected cell proliferation. Finally, miR-122-5p was found to potentially target DLAT (in lung tissue) and RIMS1 (in PMECs) in IPAH. According to the dual-luciferase assay, miR-122-5p bound to DLAT or RIMS1. In studies, DLAT imbalance was associated with cell proliferation and migration, RIMS1 is differentially expressed in cancer and correlated with cancer prognosis. Our findings suggest that the miR-122-5p is involved in various biological functions in the adjacent vascular wall cells in IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruowang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215125, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Chen Y, Yang X, Liao X, He M, Jia Z, Fan J, Bian JS, Nie X. ADAR1 regulates vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through N1-methyladenosine modification of circCDK17. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4840-4855. [PMID: 38045055 PMCID: PMC10692360 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an extremely malignant pulmonary vascular disease of unknown etiology. ADAR1 is an RNA editing enzyme that converts adenosine in RNA to inosine, thereby affecting RNA expression. However, the role of ADAR1 in PH development remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the biological role and molecular mechanism of ADAR1 in PH pulmonary vascular remodeling. Overexpression of ADAR1 aggravated PH progression and promoted the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Conversely, inhibition of ADAR1 produced opposite effects. High-throughput whole transcriptome sequencing showed that ADAR1 was an important regulator of circRNAs in PH. CircCDK17 level was significantly lowered in the serum of PH patients. The effects of ADAR1 on cell cycle progression and proliferation were mediated by circCDK17. ADAR1 affects the stability of circCDK17 by mediating A-to-I modification at the A5 and A293 sites of circCDK17 to prevent it from m1A modification. We demonstrate for the first time that ADAR1 contributes to the PH development, at least partially, through m1A modification of circCDK17 and the subsequent PASMCs proliferation. Our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of PH and the evidence for circCDK17 as a potential novel marker for the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 211103, China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 211103, China
| | - Xueyi Liao
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Muhua He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zihui Jia
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 211103, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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7
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Breault NM, Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Archer SL. Acquired disorders of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1105565. [PMID: 36819102 PMCID: PMC9933518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease of the cardiopulmonary unit that reflects an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy and presents with hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately failure of the right ventricle (RVF). Despite treatment using pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted therapies, persistent functional impairment reduces the quality of life for people with PAH and death from RVF occurs in approximately 40% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. PH-targeted therapeutics are primarily vasodilators and none, alone or in combination, are curative. This highlights a need to therapeutically explore molecular targets in other pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several candidate pathways in PAH involve acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. These mitochondrial disorders include: 1) a shift in metabolism related to increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase, which together increase uncoupled glycolysis (Warburg metabolism); 2) disruption of oxygen-sensing related to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, resulting in a state of pseudohypoxia; 3) altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis related to impaired function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which elevates cytosolic calcium and reduces intramitochondrial calcium; and 4) abnormal mitochondrial dynamics related to increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and its binding partners, such as mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa and 51 kDa, and depressed expression of mitofusin 2, resulting in increased mitotic fission. These acquired mitochondrial abnormalities increase proliferation and impair apoptosis in most pulmonary vascular cells (including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts). In the RV, Warburg metabolism and induction of glutaminolysis impairs bioenergetics and promotes hypokinesis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review will explore our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of disordered mitochondrial function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Breault
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
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8
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Xu H, He Y, Hong T, Bi C, Li J, Xia M. Piezo1 in vascular remodeling of atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A potential therapeutic target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1021540. [PMID: 36247424 PMCID: PMC9557227 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1021540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling (VR) is a structural and functional change of blood vessels to adapt to the changes of internal and external environment. It is one of the common pathological features of many vascular proliferative diseases. The process of VR is mainly manifested in the changes of vascular wall structure and function, including intimal hyperplasia, thickening or thinning of media, fibrosis of adventitia, etc. These changes are also the pathological basis of aging and various cardiovascular diseases. Mechanical force is the basis of cardiovascular biomechanics, and the newly discovered mechanical sensitive ion channel Piezo1 is widely distributed in the whole cardiovascular system. Studies have confirmed that Piezo1, a mechanically sensitive ion channel, plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling diseases. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of Piezo1 in atherosclerosis, hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu He
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Tianying Hong
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Jing Li
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingfeng Xia
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Huang C, Jiang Z, Du D, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li Y. Hsa_circ_0016070/micro‐340‐5p Axis Accelerates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Progression by Upregulating TWIST1 Transcription Via TCF4/β‐Catenin Complex. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024147. [PMID: 35861841 PMCID: PMC9707813 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background
Hypoxia is considered a major leading cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, the roles and molecular mechanism of circ_0016070 in PH were studied.
Methods and Results
The expression of circ_0016070 in serum samples, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and hypoxia/monocrotaline‐treated rats was determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, migration, and apoptosis were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‐8, wound healing, flow cytometry, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assays, respectively. The molecular interactions were validated using RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter assays. The levels of phenotype switch‐related proteins were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The pathological characteristics were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. circ_0016070 was highly expressed in the serum samples, hypoxia‐induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial tissues of PH rats. Downregulation of circ_0016070 ameliorated the excessive proliferation, migration, vascular remodeling, and phenotypic transformation but enhanced cell apoptosis in the PH rat model. In addition, micro (miR)‐340‐5p was verified as a direct target of circ_0016070 and negatively regulated TCF4 (transcription factor 4) expression. TCF4 formed a transcriptional complex with β‐catenin to activate TWIST1 (Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1) expression. Functional rescue experiments showed that neither miR‐340‐5p inhibition nor TWIST1 or TCF4 upregulation significantly impeded the biological roles of circ_0010670 silencing in PH.
Conclusions
These results uncovered a novel mechanism by which circ_0016070 play as a competing endogenouse RNA of miR‐340‐5p to aggravate PH progression by promoting TCF4/β‐catenin/TWIST1 complex, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Xia Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology 305 Hospital of PLA Beijing China
| | - Da‐Yong Du
- Department of Cardiology 305 Hospital of PLA Beijing China
| | - Zhi‐Min Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University Linfen Peoples’ Hospital Linfen Shanxi Province China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology 305 Hospital of PLA Beijing China
| | - Yun‐Tian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
- Department of Cardiology 305 Hospital of PLA Beijing China
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10
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Li H, Li X, Hao Y, Wu C, Fu Y, Su N, Chen H, Ying B, Wang H, Su L, Cai H, He Q, Cai M, Sun J, Lin J, Scott A, Smith F, Huang X, Jin S. Maresin 1 intervention Reverses Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5132-5147. [PMID: 35764296 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pulmonary vasculature obstructive disease that leads to right heart failure and death. Maresin 1 is an endogenous lipid mediator known to promote inflammation resolution. However, the effect of Maresin 1 on PAH remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The serum Maresin 1 concentration was assessed using UPLC. A mouse model of PAH was established by combining the Sugen 5416 injection and hypoxia exposure (SuHx). After treatment with Maresin 1, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular function were measured by hemodynamic measurement and echocardiography, respectively. Vascular remodeling was evaluated by histological staining. Confocal and western blot were used to test related protein expression. In vitro, cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed in primary rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Western blotting and siRNA transfection were used to clarify the mechanism of Maresin 1. KEY RESULTS Endogenous serum Maresin 1 was decreased in PAH patients and mice. Maresin 1 treatment decreased RVSP and attenuated the right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in murine PAH model. Maresin 1 reversed abnormal changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, attenuating endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndoMT) and enhancing apoptosis of α-SMA positive cells. Furthermore, Maresin 1 inhibited PASMC proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting STAT, AKT, ERK and FoxO1 phosphorylation via LGR6. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Maresin 1 improved abnormal pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction in PAH mice, targeting aberrant PASMC proliferation. This suggests Maresin 1 may have a potent therapeutic effect in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghua Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nana Su
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houlin Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihuang Su
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinlian He
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aaron Scott
- The Birmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Pain and Resuscitation, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fanggao Smith
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Birmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Pain and Resuscitation, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Chen J, Rodriguez M, Miao J, Liao J, Jain PP, Zhao M, Zhao T, Babicheva A, Wang Z, Parmisano S, Powers R, Matti M, Paquin C, Soroureddin Z, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L737-L760. [PMID: 35318857 PMCID: PMC9076422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00447.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary vasoconstriction may be an early contributor to increasing PVR, the transition of contractile PASMCs to proliferative PASMCs may play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is a trigger for PASMC contraction and proliferation. Here, we report that upregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is involved in the contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition of PASMCs and potential development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. By comparing freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMCs) and primary cultured PASMCs (from the same rat) in a growth medium (proliferative PASMCs), we found that Piezo1, Notch2/3, and CaSR protein levels were significantly higher in proliferative PASMCs than in contractile PASMCs. Upregulated Piezo1 was associated with an increase in expression of PCNA, a marker for cell proliferation, whereas downregulation (with siRNA) or inhibition (with GsMTx4) of Piezo1 attenuated PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, Piezo1 in the remodeled PA from rats with experimental PH was upregulated compared with PA from control rats. These data indicate that PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition is associated with the transition or adaptation of membrane channels and receptors. Upregulated Piezo1 may play a critical role in PASMC phenotypic transition and PASMC proliferation. Upregulation of Piezo1 in proliferative PASMCs may likely be required to provide sufficient Ca2+ to assure nuclear/cell division and PASMC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahra Soroureddin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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12
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Wang Y, Li N, Wang Y, Zheng G, An J, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu Q. NF-κB/p65 Competes With Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma for Transient Receptor Potential Channel 6 in Hypoxia-Induced Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656625. [PMID: 34950652 PMCID: PMC8688744 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has an anti-proliferation effect on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) via the transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) and protects against pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), whereas nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has pro-proliferation and pro-inflammation effects, which contributes to PAH. However, the association between them in PAH pathology remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this association and the mechanisms underlying TRPC1/6 signaling-mediated PAH. Methods: Human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were transfected with p65 overexpressing (pcDNA-p65) and interfering plasmids (shp65) and incubated in normal and hypoxic conditions (4% O2 and 72 h). The effects of hypoxia and p65 expression on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, [Ca2+]i, PPARγ, and TRPC1/6 expression were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, Annexin V/PI, Fura-2/AM, and western blotting, respectively. In addition, the binding of p65 or PPARγ proteins to the TRPC6 promoter was validated using a dual-luciferase report assay, chromatin-immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: Hypoxia inhibited hPASMC apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, it increased [Ca2+]i and the expression of TRPC1/6, p65, and Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, pcDNA-p65 had similar effects on hypoxia treatment by increasing TRPC1/6 expression, [Ca2+]i, hPASMC proliferation, and invasion. The dual-luciferase report and ChIP-PCR assays revealed three p65 binding sites and two PPARγ binding sites on the promoter region of TRPC6. In addition, hypoxia treatment and shPPARγ promoted the binding of p65 to the TRPC6 promoter, whereas shp65 promoted the binding of PPARγ to the TRPC6 promoter. Conclusion: Competitive binding of NF-κB p65 and PPARγ to TRPC6 produced an anti-PAH effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingfeng Wang,
| | - Guobing Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Academic Research Office, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Jain PP, Lai N, Xiong M, Chen J, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Parmisano S, Zhao M, Paquin C, Matti M, Powers R, Balistrieri A, Kim NH, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. TRPC6, a therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1161-L1182. [PMID: 34704831 PMCID: PMC8715021 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00159.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal and progressive disease. Sustained vasoconstriction due to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction and concentric arterial remodeling due partially to PASMC proliferation are the major causes for increased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) including PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia. We and others observed upregulation of TRPC6 channels in PASMCs from patients with PAH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in PASMC triggers PASMC contraction and vasoconstriction, while Ca2+-dependent activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a pivotal signaling cascade for cell proliferation and gene expression. Despite evidence supporting a pathological role of TRPC6, no selective and orally bioavailable TRPC6 antagonist has yet been developed and tested for treatment of PAH or PH. In this study, we sought to investigate whether block of receptor-operated Ca2+ channels using a nonselective blocker of cation channels, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB, administered intraperitoneally) and a selective blocker of TRPC6, BI-749327 (administered orally) can reverse established PH in mice. The results from the study show that intrapulmonary application of 2-APB (40 µM) or BI-749327 (3-10 µM) significantly and reversibly inhibited acute alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-APB (1 mg/kg per day) significantly attenuated the development of PH and partially reversed established PH in mice. Oral gavage of BI-749327 (30 mg/kg, every day, for 2 wk) reversed established PH by ∼50% via regression of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Furthermore, 2-APB and BI-749327 both significantly inhibited PDGF- and serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in PASMC. In summary, the receptor-operated and mechanosensitive TRPC6 channel is a good target for developing novel treatment for PAH/PH. BI-749327, a selective TRPC6 blocker, is potentially a novel and effective drug for treating PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Boron Compounds/pharmacology
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/antagonists & inhibitors
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/genetics
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nick H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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14
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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15
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Andrographolide Attenuates Established Pulmonary Hypertension via Rescue of Vascular Remodeling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121801. [PMID: 34944445 PMCID: PMC8699233 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by vascular remodeling caused by marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which possesses antioxidant, and has anticarcinogenic activity. The present study examined potential therapeutic effects of ANDRO on PH in both chronic hypoxia and Sugen5416/hypoxia mouse PH models. Effects of ANDRO were also studied in cultured human PASMCs isolated from either healthy donors or PH patients. In vivo, ANDRO decreased distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) remodeling, mean PA pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in chronic hypoxia- and Sugen/hypoxia-induced PH in mice. ANDRO reduced cell viability, proliferation and migration, but increased cell apoptosis in the PASMCs isolated from PH patients. ANDRO also reversed the dysfunctional bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2) signaling, suppressed [Ca2+]i elevation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the upregulated expression of IL-6 and IL-8, ET-1 and VEGF in PASMCs from PH patients. Moreover, ANDRO significantly attenuated the activation of TLR4/NF-κB, ERK- and JNK-MAPK signaling pathways and reversed the inhibition of p38-MAPK in PASMCs of PH patients. Further, ANDRO blocked hypoxia-triggered ROS generation by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and augmenting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional pulmonary vasodilators have limited efficacy for the treatment of severe PH. We demonstrated that ANDRO may reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling through modulation of NOX/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Our findings suggest that ANDRO may have therapeutic value in the treatment of PH.
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Zinc-mediated activation of CREB pathway in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:103. [PMID: 34635097 PMCID: PMC8504081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor CREB is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the role and regulatory signaling of CREB in PH. METHODS A series of techniques, including bioinformatics methods, western blot, cell proliferation and luciferase reporter assay were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the role and regulation of CREB in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. RESULTS Using bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)- and hypoxia-induced PH, we found the overrepresentation of CRE-containing DEGs. Western blot analysis revealed a sustained increase in total- and phosphorylated-CREB in PASMCs isolated from rats treated with MCT. Similarly, an enhanced and prolonged serum-induced CREB phosphorylation was observed in hypoxia-pretreated PASMCs. The sustained CREB phosphorylation in PASMCs may be associated with multiple protein kinases phosphorylated CREB. Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis showed reduced expression of the majority of CREB phosphatases in PH, including regulatory subunits of PP2A, Ppp2r2c and Ppp2r3a. Cell proliferation analysis showed increased PASMCs proliferation in MCT-induced PH, an effect relied on CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. Further analysis revealed the raised intracellular labile zinc possibly from ZIP12 was associated with reduced phosphatases, increased CREB-mediated transcriptional activity and PASMCs proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CREB pathway was overactivated in the development of PH and contributed to PASMCs proliferation, which was associated with multiple protein kinases and/or reduced CREB phosphatases and raised intracellular zinc. Thus, this study may provide a novel insight into the CREB pathway in the pathogenesis of PH. Video abstract.
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Wang A, Valdez-Jasso D. Cellular mechanosignaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:747-756. [PMID: 34765048 PMCID: PMC8555029 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressures in which the pulmonary vasculature undergoes significant structural and functional remodeling. To better understand disease mechanisms, in this review article we highlight recent insights into the regulation of pulmonary arterial cells by mechanical cues associated with PAH. Specifically, the mechanobiology of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs) has been investigated in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure increases vessel wall stress and strain and endothelial fluid shear stress. These mechanical cues promote vasoconstriction and fibrosis that contribute further to hypertension and alter the mechanical milieu and regulation of pulmonary arterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Wang
- Bioengineering Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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18
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Rodriguez M, Chen J, Jain PP, Babicheva A, Xiong M, Li J, Lai N, Zhao T, Hernandez M, Balistrieri A, Parmisano S, Simonson T, Breen E, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Upregulation of Calcium Homeostasis Modulators in Contractile-To-Proliferative Phenotypical Transition of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:714785. [PMID: 34408668 PMCID: PMC8364962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and migration are implicated in the development of pathogenic pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric arterial wall thickening and arteriole muscularization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition is a process that promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+) cyt ] in PASMCs is a trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a stimulus for pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we report that the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), a Ca2+ (and ATP) channel that is allosterically regulated by voltage and extracellular Ca2+, is upregulated during the PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Protein expression of CALHM1/2 in primary cultured PASMCs in media containing serum and growth factors (proliferative PASMC) was significantly greater than in freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMC) from the same rat. Upregulated CALHM1/2 in proliferative PASMCs were associated with an increased ratio of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR and an increased expression of the cell proliferation marker PCNA, whereas serum starvation and rapamycin significantly downregulated CALHM1/2. Furthermore, CALHM1/2 were upregulated in freshly isolated PA from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and in primary cultured PASMC from patients with PAH in comparison to normal controls. Intraperitoneal injection of CGP 37157 (0.6 mg/kg, q8H), a non-selective blocker of CALHM channels, partially reversed established experimental PH. These data suggest that CALHM upregulation is involved in PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Ca2+ influx through upregulated CALHM1/2 may play an important role in the transition of sustained vasoconstriction to excessive vascular remodeling in PAH or precapillary PH. Calcium homeostasis modulator could potentially be a target to develop novel therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Breen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Y. -J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
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19
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Liao J, Lu W, Chen Y, Duan X, Zhang C, Luo X, Lin Z, Chen J, Liu S, Yan H, Chen Y, Feng H, Zhou D, Chen X, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Liu X, Tang H, Li J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ, Zhong N, Yang K, Wang J. Upregulation of Piezo1 (Piezo Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1) Enhances the Intracellular Free Calcium in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells From Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients. Hypertension 2021; 77:1974-1989. [PMID: 33813851 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.D.)
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Ziying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.).,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., A.M., J.X.-J.Y., J.W.)
| | - Shiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Huazhuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Dansha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Zizhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Qifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jing Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (J. Li)
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., A.M., J.X.-J.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., A.M., J.X.-J.Y., J.W.)
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (J. Liao, W.L., Yuqin Chen, C.Z., X. Luo, Z.L., J.C., S.L., H.Y., Yilin Chen, H.F., D.Z., X.C., Z.Z., Q.Y., X. Liu, H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.).,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., A.M., J.X.-J.Y., J.W.)
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20
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Yang X, Zhang L, Ye JQ, Wu XH, Zeng XX, Chen LW, Li YM. The role of ATG-7 contributes to pulmonary hypertension by impacting vascular remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:1-13. [PMID: 33819456 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological syndrome with functional abnormalities of the pulmonary artery and heart, eventually becoming life threatening to the patients. Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG)-7 is involved in many cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the specific role of ATG-7 in the development of PH. We aimed to examine the expression of ATG-7 in PH patients and PH mice, specifically investigate pulmonary physiological responses in a mouse model with conditional deletion of ATG-7 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and further clarify the mechanism of PH caused by ATG-7 deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS SMC-ATG-7-/- mice underwent echocardiography and subsequent pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) checks. The PAP was lower in wild-type (WT) mice (22.6 ± 2.0 mmHg) than knockout (KO) mice (34.0 ± 2.5 mmHg; p < 0.001). Pulmonary artery resistance was increased in KO (17.61 ± 2.03 mm2·s-1) versus WT mice (8.91 ± 1.62 mm2·s-1; p < 0.005). Combined with these statistics, SMC-ATG7-/- mice were diagnosed with PH. The increase of ATG-7 expression in vessels from PH patients and PH mice were assessed and the effects of ATG-7 on vascular remodeling were investigated in SMCs using relevant methods. We also identified silencing ATG-7 in SMCs induced the increased level of Ca2+ and abnormal proliferation through PP2A/ 4EBP-1/ elf-4E pathway. CONCLUSIONS ATG-7 affects vascular remodeling and exerts a protective function during the pathogenesis of PH. Our study revealed a novel mechanism ATG-7 deficiency promotes cell proliferation via the interaction between PP2A, 4EBP-1 and elf-4E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang-Wan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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21
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Hong L, Ma X, Liu J, Luo Y, Lin J, Shen Y, Zhang L. Circular RNA-HIPK3 regulates human pulmonary artery endothelial cells function and vessel growth by regulating microRNA-328-3p/STAT3 axis. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211000234. [PMID: 33854768 PMCID: PMC8010839 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery endothelial cells are the pathological basis of pulmonary vascular remodeling with pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) regulates biological processes in various vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has been reported that circRNA regulates the vascular endothelial cells’ function. Therefore, circRNA may have crucial roles in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) proliferation, migration, and tube formation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we aimed to discover the role and mechanism of circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary hypertension hPAECs. First, we used platelet-derived growth factor—stimulated hPAECs as a cellular model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The results showed that platelet-derived growth factor promoted hPAECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Notably, platelet-derived growth factor upregulated the expression of circHIPK3 in hPAECs and regulated their proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we confirmed miR-328-3p was copiously pulled down by circHIPK3 in hPAECs. Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the cytoplasmic interactions between circHIPK3 and miR-328-3p. Subsequently, we found that circHIPK3 might increase the expression of STAT3 by sponging miR-328-3p. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the circHIPK3-miR-328-3p-STAT3 axis contributed to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension by stimulating hPAECs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The circHIPK3 has an accelerated role in pulmonary arterial hypertension development, implicating the potential values of circHIPK3 in pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Hong
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu G, Fu D, Tian H, Dai A. The mechanism of ions in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894020987948. [PMID: 33614016 PMCID: PMC7869166 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020987948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a kind of hemodynamic and pathophysiological state, in which the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above a certain threshold. The main pathological manifestation is pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling progressively. More and more studies have found that ions play a major role in the pathogenesis of PH. Many vasoactive substances, inflammatory mediators, transcription-inducing factors, apoptosis mediators, redox substances and translation modifiers can control the concentration of ions inside and outside the cell by regulating the activity of ion channels, which can regulate vascular contraction, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation and other functions. We all know that there are no effective drugs to treat PH. Ions are involved in the occurrence and development of PH, so it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ions in PH as a therapeutic target for PH. The main ions involved in PH are calcium ion (Ca2+), potassium ion (K+), sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-). Here, we mainly discuss the distribution of these ions and their channels in pulmonary arteries and their role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogu Liu
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Daiyan Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese
Medicine, Changsha, China
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23
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Yang Y, Yin L, Zhu M, Song S, Sun C, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Xu L, Peng JY. Protective effects of dioscin on vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111056. [PMID: 33378960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and lethal cardiopulmonary. Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) caused by excessive proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the chief pathological feature of PAH. Dioscin is a natural product that possesses multiple pharmacological activities, but its effect on PAH remains unclear. In this study, effect of dioscin on vascular remodeling in PAH was assessed in hypoxia-induced PASMCs, hypoxia-induced and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rats. Western blot, Real-time PCR and siRNA transfection tests were applied to evaluate the possible mechanisms of dioscin. In vitro experiments, results showed dioscin markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis of hypoxic PASMCs. In vivo, dioscin significantly decreased the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and improved pulmonary vascular stenosis in rats induced by hypoxia or MCT. Molecular mechanism studies showed that dioscin significantly reduced the expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Subsequently, dioscin reduced the expressions of Ras, Cyclin D1, CDK4, c-Fos, PCNA and p-ERK to inhibit proliferation and migration of PASMCs, inhibited p-PI3K and p-AKT levels and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio to promote cell apoptosis. GRB2 siRNA transfection in PASMCs further confirmed that the inhibitory action of dioscin in PAH was evoked by adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal. Taken together, our study indicated that dioscin attenuates PAH through adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal to inhibit PASMCs proliferation and migration, and promote apoptosis, and dioscin may be developed as a therapeutic strategy for treating PAH in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives
- Diosgenin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/genetics
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/enzymology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Manning Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Changjie Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - J-Y Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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24
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Wang RX, He RL, Jiao HX, Zhang RT, Guo JY, Liu XR, Gui LX, Lin MJ, Wu ZJ. Preventive treatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and involves store-operated calcium entry inhibition. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1055-1063. [PMID: 33096951 PMCID: PMC7592893 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1831026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside Rb1, the main active ingredient of ginseng, exhibits ex vivo depression of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and related vasoconstriction in pulmonary arteries derived from pulmonary hypertension (PH) rats. However, the in vivo effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on PH remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explored the possibility of using ginsenoside Rb1 as an in vivo preventive medication for type I PH, i.e., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and potential mechanisms involving SOCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (170-180 g) were randomly divided into Control, MCT, and MCT + Rb1 groups (n = 20). Control rats received only saline injection. Rats in the MCT + Rb1 and MCT groups were intraperitoneally administered single doses of 50 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT) combined with 30 mg/kg/day ginsenoside Rb1 or equivalent volumes of saline for 21 consecutive days. Subsequently, comprehensive parameters related to SOCE, vascular tone, histological changes and hemodynamics were measured. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rb1 reduced MCT-induced STIM1, TRPC1, and TRPC4 expression by 35.00, 31.96, and 32.24%, respectively, at the protein level. SOCE-related calcium entry and pulmonary artery contraction decreased by 162.6 nM and 71.72%. The mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular mass index decreased by 19.5 mmHg, 21.6 mmHg, and 39.50%. The wall thickness/radius ratios decreased by 14.67 and 17.65%, and the lumen area/total area ratios increased by 18.55 and 15.60% in intrapulmonary vessels with 51-100 and 101-150 μm o.d. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rb1, a promising candidate for PH prevention, inhibited SOCE and related pulmonary vasoconstriction, and relieved MCT-induced PAH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lan He
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-Tian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ru Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Mo-Jun Lin Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou350108, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- CONTACT Zhi-Juan Wu Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou350108, P.R. China
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25
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Zhao FY, Xu SL, Zhang CF, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Xing XQ. PDGF mediates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating NFATc2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:39. [PMID: 33179105 PMCID: PMC7684858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of pulmonary vascular structure caused by the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the central link in the formation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can regulate the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. At the same time, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) plays an important role in the development of PAH. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports yet regarding whether PDGF regulates NFATc2 to increase the proliferation of PASMCs. The present study aimed to investigate whether PDGF affects the proliferation and migration of PASMCs by regulating NFAT, and to study the pathogenesis of PAH. PASMCs were treated with recombinant PDGF; Cell Counting Kit-8 and clone formation experiments showed that PDGF enhanced the cell viability and proliferation of PASMCs. Cell cycle distribution and molecular markers related to cell proliferation (cyclin D1, CDK4 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) were detected by flow cytometry, and the results indicated that PDGF promoted the division of PAMSCs. The scratch migration and Transwell migration assays showed that the migratory ability of PASMCs was enhanced following PDGF treatment. Changes in NFATs (NFATc1-5) after PDGF treatment were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting; NFATc2 showed the most significant results. Finally, PDGF-treated cells were treated with an NFAT pathway inhibitor, cyclosporin A, or a small interfering RNA targeting NFATc2, and changes in cell proliferation and migration were evaluated to assess the role of NFATc2 in PDGF-induced cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, PDGF may regulate PASMC proliferation and migration by regulating the expression of NFAT, further leading to the occurrence of PAH. It is proposed that NFATc2 could be used as a potential target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
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26
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Jain PP, Hosokawa S, Xiong M, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Pourhashemi K, Balistrieri F, Lai N, Malhotra A, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Revisiting the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction using isolated perfused/ventilated mouse lung. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020956592. [PMID: 33282184 PMCID: PMC7691930 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020956592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction (HPV) is an important physiological mechanism of the lungs that matches perfusion to ventilation thus maximizing O2 saturation of the venous blood within the lungs. This study emphasizes on principal pathways in the initiation and modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with a primary focus on the role of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ influx pathways in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We used an ex vivo model, isolated perfused/ventilated mouse lung to evaluate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Alveolar hypoxia (utilizing a mini ventilator) rapidly and reversibly increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused/ventilated lung. By applying specific inhibitors for different membrane receptors and ion channels through intrapulmonary perfusion solution in isolated lung, we were able to define the targeted receptors and channels that regulate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We show that extracellular Ca2+ or Ca2+ influx through various Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane is required for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, while blockade of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (with nifedipine), non-selective cation channels (with 30 µM SKF-96365), and TRPC6/TRPV1 channels (with 1 µM SAR-7334 and 30 µM capsazepine, respectively) significantly and reversibly inhibited hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Furthermore, blockers of Ca2+-sensing receptors (by 30 µM NPS2143, an allosteric Ca2+-sensing receptors inhibitor) and Notch (by 30 µM DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor) also attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. These data indicate that Ca2+ influx in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells through voltage-dependent, receptor-operated, and store-operated Ca2+ entry pathways all contribute to initiation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The extracellular Ca2+-mediated activation of Ca2+-sensing receptors and the cell-cell interaction via Notch ligands and receptors contribute to the regulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Susumu Hosokawa
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical
and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
- Department of Critical Medicine, The
Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Kiana Pourhashemi
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and
Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of
Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego,
CA, USA
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27
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Dong F, Zhang J. Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation via enhancement of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] i). Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:332-340. [PMID: 32873086 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1781296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: PASMCs were harvested from distal PAs isolated from SD rat lungs and cultured. After CHIP overexpression, PASMCs were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 60 h. Then, PASMC proliferation, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), [Ca2+]i and the expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6 in PASMCs were measured. Results: CHIP overexpression promoted PASMC proliferation, SOCE, [Ca2+]i and the expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6. Conclusions: CHIP stimulates PASMC proliferation likely by targeting the TRPC1,4,6-SOCE-[Ca2+]i signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, PR China
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28
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Gassmann M, Cowburn A, Gu H, Li J, Rodriguez M, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Xiong M, Gassmann NN, Yuan JXJ, Wilkins MR, Zhao L. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension-Utilizing experiments of nature. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:121-131. [PMID: 32464698 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in pulmonary artery pressure is a common observation in adult mammals exposed to global alveolar hypoxia. It is considered a maladaptive response that places an increased workload on the right ventricle. The mechanisms initiating and maintaining the elevated pressure are of considerable interest in understanding pulmonary vascular homeostasis. There is an expectation that identifying the key molecules in the integrated vascular response to hypoxia will inform potential drug targets. One strategy is to take advantage of experiments of nature, specifically, to understand the genetic basis for the inter-individual variation in the pulmonary vascular response to acute and chronic hypoxia. To date, detailed phenotyping of highlanders has focused on haematocrit and oxygen saturation rather than cardiovascular phenotypes. This review explores what we can learn from those studies with respect to the pulmonary circulation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Andrew Cowburn
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Norina N Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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29
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The Role and Regulation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:1478291. [PMID: 32850144 PMCID: PMC7441461 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1478291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most devastating cardiovascular diseases worldwide and it draws much attention from numerous scientists. As an indispensable part of pulmonary artery, smooth muscle cells are worthy of being carefully investigated. To elucidate the pathogenesis of PH, several theories focusing on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), such as hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and cancer theory, have been proposed and widely studied. Here, we tried to summarize the studies, concentrating on the role of PASMC in the development of PH, feasible molecular basis to intervene, and potential treatment to PH.
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30
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Zhang X, Ye L, Huang Y, Ding X, Wang L. The potential role of TRPV1 in pulmonary hypertension: Angel or demon? Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:235-246. [PMID: 31189399 PMCID: PMC6602577 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1631106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological state defined by increased pulmonary artery pressure, the pathogenesis of which is related to genetic mutations, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), inflammation and proliferation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in neural and nonneural cells, including pulmonary vessels and nerves. As a calcium channel, TRPV1 can make vessels contracted, and promote smooth muscle cells proliferation through calcium-dependent transcription factors. Activation of TRPV1 in sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SST), which can regulate inflammation via transcription factor NF-kB. Considering the increased level of [Ca2+]i and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PH, our review summarizes the role of TRPV1 in PH with regard to [Ca2+]i, neuropeptides, and inflammation. In view of the limited research illustrating the relationship between TRPV1 and PH directly, our review also considers the role of TRPV1 in other types of vascular inflammation. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness about the function of TRPV1 in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lifang Ye
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Huang
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lihong Wang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
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31
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Yamamura H, Suzuki Y, Yamamura A. [Pathophysiological roles of TRPC6 channels in pulmonary arterial hypertension]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:230-235. [PMID: 32612035 DOI: 10.1254/fpj20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and lethal disease of the pulmonary artery. The pathogenesis of PAH is mainly sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery. These pathogeneses cause progressive elevations in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in PAH patients. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure leads to right heart failure and finally death. The vascular remodeling is caused by the enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Excitable abnormality in the pulmonary artery of PAH patients is mostly mediated by an elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. PASMCs express several Ca2+-permeable channels including voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels, and receptor-operated Ca2+ (ROC) channels. The activation and upregulation of these Ca2+ channels have been reported in PASMCs from PAH patients. Here, we analyzed pathophysiological functions of enhanced Ca2+ signaling mediated by SOC and ROC channels using PASMCs from idiopathic PAH patients and animal PAH models. Notch signal enhanced transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) "SOC" channels via direct (non-genomic and stimulatory) and indirect (genomic and upregulating) effects in PAH. On the other hand, the activation of Ca2+-sensing receptors evoked Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 "ROC" channels in PAH. In addition, TRPC6 channel blocker and TRPC6 gene deletion inhibited the development of PAH. Specifically, TRPC6 channels potentially form both ROC and SOC channels in PASMCs, which are involved in the pathophysiological events in PAH. Therefore, targeting TRPC6 channels in PASMCs may help develop novel therapeutic approach for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University
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32
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Wu K, Tang H, Lin R, Carr SG, Wang Z, Babicheva A, Ayon RJ, Jain PP, Xiong M, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Valdez-Jasso D, Simonson TS, Desai AA, Garcia JG, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of smooth muscle platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020948470. [PMID: 33294172 PMCID: PMC7707860 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020948470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor is one of the major growth factors found in human and mammalian serum and tissues. Abnormal activation of platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway through platelet-derived growth factor receptors may contribute to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling and obliterative vascular lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we examined the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor isoforms in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and investigated whether platelet-derived growth factor secreted from pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell or pulmonary arterial endothelial cell promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Our results showed that the protein expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell was upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to normal subjects. Platelet-derived growth factor activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, as determined by phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β. The platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β was enhanced in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal cells. Expression level of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and platelet-derived growth factor-BB was greater in the conditioned media collected from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell than from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. Furthermore, incubation of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell with conditioned culture media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell induced more platelet-derived growth factor receptor α activation than in normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. Accordingly, the conditioned media from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell resulted in more pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation than the media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. These data indicate that (a) the expression and activity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, and (b) pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients secretes higher level of platelet-derived growth factor than pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from normal subjects. The enhanced secretion (and production) of platelet-derived growth factor from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell and upregulated platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression (and function) in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell may contribute to enhancing platelet-derived growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Genetics and
Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shane G. Carr
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ramon J. Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and
Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
- Department of Critical Medicine, The
Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana
University, Indinappolis, IN, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ayako Makino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Endocrinology
and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
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STIM2 targets Orai1/STIM1 to the AKAP79 signaling complex and confers coupling of Ca 2+ entry with NFAT1 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16638-16648. [PMID: 32601188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915386117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Orai1 channel is regulated by stromal interaction molecules STIM1 and STIM2 within endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites. Ca2+ signals generated by Orai1 activate Ca2+-dependent gene expression. When compared with STIM1, STIM2 is a weak activator of Orai1, but it has been suggested to have a unique role in nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) activation triggered by Orai1-mediated Ca2+ entry. In this study, we examined the contribution of STIM2 in NFAT1 activation. We report that STIM2 recruitment of Orai1/STIM1 to ER-PM junctions in response to depletion of ER-Ca2+ promotes assembly of the channel with AKAP79 to form a signaling complex that couples Orai1 channel function to the activation of NFAT1. Knockdown of STIM2 expression had relatively little effect on Orai1/STIM1 clustering or local and global [Ca2+]i increases but significantly attenuated NFAT1 activation and assembly of Orai1 with AKAP79. STIM1ΔK, which lacks the PIP2-binding polybasic domain, was recruited to ER-PM junctions following ER-Ca2+ depletion by binding to Orai1 and caused local and global [Ca2+]i increases comparable to those induced by STIM1 activation of Orai1. However, in contrast to STIM1, STIM1ΔK induced less NFAT1 activation and attenuated the association of Orai1 with STIM2 and AKAP79. Orai1-AKAP79 interaction and NFAT1 activation were recovered by coexpressing STIM2 with STIM1ΔK. Replacing the PIP2-binding domain of STIM1 with that of STIM2 eliminated the requirement of STIM2 for NFAT1 activation. Together, these data demonstrate an important role for STIM2 in coupling Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx to NFAT1 activation.
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34
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Chrysin Alleviates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Through Regulation of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:596-602. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Song S, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Ayon RJ, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Harrington A, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Notch enhances Ca 2+ entry by activating calcium-sensing receptors and inhibiting voltage-gated K + channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C954-C968. [PMID: 32186932 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00487.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and upregulation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) along with inhibition of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) have been implicated in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, the precise upstream mechanisms remain elusive. Activation of CaSR, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), results in Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and Ca2+ influx through receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC). Upon Ca2+ depletion from the SR, STIM forms clusters to mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry. Activity of KV channels, like KCNA5/KV1.5 and KCNA2/KV1.2, contributes to regulating membrane potential, and inhibition of KV channels results in membrane depolarization that increases [Ca2+]cyt by opening voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In this study, we show that activation of Notch by its ligand Jag-1 promotes the clustering of STIM2, and clustered STIM2 subsequently enhances the CaSR-induced Ca2+ influx through SOC channels. Extracellular Ca2+-mediated activation of CaSR increases [Ca2+]cyt in CASR-transfected HEK293 cells. Treatment of CASR-transfected cells with Jag-1 further enhances CaSR-mediated increase in [Ca2+]cyt. Moreover, CaSR-mediated increase in [Ca2+]cyt was significantly augmented in cells co-transfected with CASR and STIM2. CaSR activation results in STIM2 clustering in CASR/STIM2-cotransfected cells. Notch activation also induces significant clustering of STIM2. Furthermore, activation of Notch attenuates whole cell K+ currents in KCNA5- and KCNA2-transfected cells. Together, these results suggest that Notch activation enhances CaSR-mediated increases in [Ca2+]cyt by enhancing store-operated Ca2+ entry and inhibits KCNA5/KV1.5 and KCNA2/KV1.2, ultimately leading to voltage-activated Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angela Harrington
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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36
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium signaling in muscle cells: Homeostasis and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:197-264. [PMID: 32138900 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive, dynamic and heterogeneous membranous network that fulfills multiple homeostatic functions. Among them, it compartmentalizes, stores and releases calcium within the intracellular space. In the case of muscle cells, calcium released from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum in the vicinity of the contractile machinery induces cell contraction. Furthermore, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium also regulates gene transcription in the nucleus, energy metabolism in mitochondria and cytosolic signaling pathways. These diverse and overlapping processes require a highly complex fine-tuning that the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum provides by means of its numerous tubules and cisternae, specialized domains and contacts with other organelles. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum also possesses a rich calcium-handling machinery, functionally coupled to both contraction-inducing stimuli and the contractile apparatus. Such is the importance of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum for muscle cell physiology, that alterations in its structure, function or its calcium-handling machinery are intimately associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Cardiac hypertrophy, insulin resistance and arterial hypertension are age-related pathologies with a common mechanism at the muscle cell level: the accumulation of damaged proteins at the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum induces a stress response condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress, which impairs proper organelle function, ultimately leading to pathogenesis.
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37
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Wu X, Lu W, He M, Chen H, Chen Y, Duan X, Zheng Q, Li Y, Chen J, Liu S, Liao J, Kuang M, Lin Z, Yang K, Wang J. Structural and functional definition of the pulmonary vein system in a chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C555-C569. [PMID: 31940248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the pulmonary artery (PA), the pathophysiological changes of the pulmonary vein (PV) in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the structural and functional changes in the PV isolated from the chronic hypoxia (CH; 10% O2, 21 days)-induced PH rat model (CHPH). Results showed that CH caused an increase in right ventricular pressure but did not affect the mean pulmonary venous pressure and the left atrial pressure. Similar to the PA, vascular lumen stenosis and medial thickening were also observed in the intrapulmonary veins isolated from the CHPH rats. Notably, CH induced more severe loss in the endothelium of intrapulmonary veins than the arteries. Then, the contractile response to 5-HT and U46619 was significantly greater in the intrapulmonary small veins (ISPV) and arteries (ISPA) isolated from CHPH rats than those from normoxic rats but not in the extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary large veins. Treatment with nifedipine (Nif), SKF96365 (SKF), or ryanodine and caffeine either partially attenuated (Nif) or dramatically abolished (SKF or ryanodine and caffeine) 5-HT-induced maximal contraction in ISPV from both normoxic and CHPH rats. Because of the severe loss of endothelium in the PV of CHPH rats, the decrease in acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly larger in ISPV than ISPA, whereas the sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was not altered in both ISPA and ISPV. In conclusion, our results provide fundamental data to comprehensively define the PV system in CHPH rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengzhang He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meidan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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38
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A novel function of calcium sensing receptor in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:271-280. [PMID: 31853041 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) causes remodeling not only in pulmonary arteries but also in pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from increased pulmonary vascular myocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of CH-induced proliferation of pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which CH affects PVSMCs proliferation. PVSMCs were isolated from rat distal pulmonary veins and exposed to CH (4% O2 for 60 h). The expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was determined by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis analysis was examined by flow cytometry. In rat distal PVSMCs, CH increased the cell number and cell viability and enhanced DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of CaSR. Two negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) not only attenuated CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also inhibited CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs, whereas two positive modulators (spermine, R568) not only amplified CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also intensified CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA similarly attenuated the CH-induced enhancement of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PVSMCs. Neither CH nor downregulation of CaSR with siRNA had an effect on apoptosis in PVSMCs. These results suggest that CaSR mediating excessive proliferation is a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of distal PVSMCs proliferation under CH conditions.
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39
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Parker T, Wang KW, Manning D, Dart C. Soluble adenylyl cyclase links Ca 2+ entry to Ca 2+/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation in vascular smooth muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7317. [PMID: 31086231 PMCID: PMC6514005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-transcription coupling controls gene expression patterns that define vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. Although not well understood this allows normally contractile VSMCs to become proliferative following vessel injury, a process essential for repair but which also contributes to vascular remodelling, atherogenesis and restenosis. Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3--sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into hCASMCs expressing the FRET-based cAMP biosensor H187 induced a rise in cAMP that mirrored cytosolic [Ca2+]. SOCE also activated the cAMP effector, protein kinase A (PKA), as determined by the PKA reporter, AKAR4-NES, and induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and CREB. Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase inhibition had no effect on the SOCE-induced rise in cAMP, while sAC inhibition abolished SOCE-generated cAMP and significantly reduced SOCE-induced VASP and CREB phosphorylation. This suggests that SOCE in hCASMCs activates sAC which in turn activates the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis. sAC, which is insensitive to G-protein modulation but responsive to Ca2+, pH and ATP, may therefore act as an overlooked regulatory node in vascular Ca2+-transcription coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Parker
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Manning
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
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40
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Rode B, Bailey MA, Marthan R, Beech DJ, Guibert C. ORAI Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:261-268. [PMID: 29897302 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00016.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a complex and fatal disease that lacks treatments. Its pathophysiology involves pulmonary artery hyperreactivity, endothelial dysfunction, wall remodelling, inflammation, and thrombosis, which could all depend on ORAI Ca2+ channels. We review the knowledge about ORAI channels in pulmonary artery and discuss the interest to target them in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rode
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Roger Marthan
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,Univ. of Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux , France
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Christelle Guibert
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,Univ. of Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
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Humbert M, Guignabert C, Bonnet S, Dorfmüller P, Klinger JR, Nicolls MR, Olschewski AJ, Pullamsetti SS, Schermuly RT, Stenmark KR, Rabinovitch M. Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: state of the art and research perspectives. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01887-2018. [PMID: 30545970 PMCID: PMC6351340 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01887-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and translational research has played a major role in advancing our understanding of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of PH with severe vascular remodelling (e.g. chronic thromboembolic PH and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease). However, PH remains an incurable condition with a high mortality rate, underscoring the need for a better transfer of novel scientific knowledge into healthcare interventions. Herein, we review recent findings in pathology (with the questioning of the strict morphological categorisation of various forms of PH into pre- or post-capillary involvement of pulmonary vessels) and cellular mechanisms contributing to the onset and progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with various forms of PH. We also discuss ways to improve management and to support and optimise drug development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Pathology Dept, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Cardiovascular Institute, Dept of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Giessen and Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Dept of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
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Huang X, Mao W, Zhang T, Wang M, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Yao D, Cai X, Wang L. Baicalin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by up-regulating A2a receptor via the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 30541517 PMCID: PMC6292092 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that exerts specific pharmacological effect in attenuating the proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Although our previous studies had indicated that activation of A2aR attenuates CXCR expression, little is known about the relationship between A2aR and SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of A2aR on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs, the mechanism underlying this effect, and whether baicalin exerts its protective functions though A2aR. Methods Rat PASMCs were cultured under normoxia/hypoxia and divided into nine groups: normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia + AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), hypoxia + baicalin, hypoxia + negative virus, normoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + CGS21680 (an A2aR agonist), and hypoxia + A2aR knockdown + baicalin. Lentiviral transfection methods were used to establish the A2aR knockdown model in PASMCs. Cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Expression levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferation and migration rate were observed via CCK-8 and Transwell methods. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and the In-Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Fluorescein). Results Under hypoxic conditions, levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were significantly increased compared to those under normoxia. The trend of SDF-1 and CXCR4 being inhibited when A2aR is up-regulated was more obvious in the baicalin intervention group. Baicalin directly enhanced A2aR expression, and A2aR knockdown weakened the function of baicalin. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression levels were increased in the hypoxia + A2aR knockdown group, as were the proliferation and migration rates of PASMCs, while the apoptotic rate was decreased. Baicalin and CGS21680 showed opposite effects. Conclusions Our data indicate that baicalin efficiently attenuates hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance, as well as SDF-1 secretion, by up-regulating A2aR and down-regulating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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S -Nitrosylation of STIM1 by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibits Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1773-1785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Avila-Medina J, Mayoral-Gonzalez I, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Gallardo-Castillo I, Ribas J, Ordoñez A, Rosado JA, Smani T. The Complex Role of Store Operated Calcium Entry Pathways and Related Proteins in the Function of Cardiac, Skeletal and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29618985 PMCID: PMC5872157 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells shared the common feature of contraction in response to different stimuli. Agonist-induced muscle's contraction is triggered by a cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration increase due to a rapid Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and a transmembrane Ca2+ influx, mainly through L-type Ca2+ channels. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that Ca2+ might also enter through other cationic channels such as Store-Operated Ca2+ Channels (SOCCs), involved in several physiological functions and pathological conditions. The opening of SOCCs is regulated by the filling state of the intracellular Ca2+ store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which communicates to the plasma membrane channels through the Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/2 (STIM1/2) protein. In muscle cells, SOCCs can be mainly non-selective cation channels formed by Orai1 and other members of the Transient Receptor Potential-Canonical (TRPC) channels family, as well as highly selective Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, formed exclusively by subunits of Orai proteins likely organized in macromolecular complexes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the complex role of Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) pathways and related proteins in the function of cardiac, skeletal, and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Avila-Medina
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Dominguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Ribas
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ordoñez
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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