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Fan HY, Tsai WL, Chien KL, Hsu SY, Huang L, Hou JW, Tsai MC, Yang C, Chen YC. Associations of central precocious puberty with blood pressure trajectories: prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1147-1152. [PMID: 38001237 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in blood pressure (BP) appear during childhood and adolescence, but the role of central precocious puberty (CPP) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of CPP with the risk of early hypertension and BP trajectories in girls and boys. METHODS We analyzed trajectories of BP before and after puberty in girls aged 6-13 years (n = 305) and boys aged 10-15 years (n = 153) in the Taiwan Pubertal Longitudinal Study. The timing of puberty onset was defined as the month at which the children reached Tanner stage 2. We examined the association of CPP with the risk of early hypertension and BP trajectories before and after puberty onset. RESULTS Among boys, CPP was found to be associated with early hypertension (odds ratio, 7.45 [95% CI, 1.15-48.06]), whereas no such association was observed among girls. Boys with CPP had higher systolic BP than did those with normal puberty onset before puberty onset (mean difference, 6.51 [95% CI, 0.58-12.43]) and after puberty onset (mean difference, 8.92 [95% CI, 8.58-15.26]). CONCLUSION A large proportion of the higher systolic BP observed in boys with CPP compared with in those with normal puberty onset is accrued after puberty. IMPACT We examined the sex-specific association of central precocious puberty with blood pressure trajectories to better understand whether central precocious puberty was associated with early hypertension. Central precocious puberty was associated with differences in systolic blood pressure trajectories, especially after puberty onset in boys. For boys only, central precocious puberty was associated with early hypertension. A large proportion of the higher systolic blood pressure observed in boys with central precocious puberty compared with in those with normal puberty onset was accrued after puberty. Interventions targeting central precocious puberty are likely to influence systolic blood pressure in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yu Fan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, College of LOHAS, Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Tun-Jen Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Woei Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ihmed Children Healthcare Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Colledge of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Agostinucci K, Grant MKO, Melaku W, Nair C, Zordoky BN. Exposure to Doxorubicin Modulates the Cardiac Response to Isoproterenol in Male and Female Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:391. [PMID: 36986490 PMCID: PMC10058259 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex is a salient risk factor in the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sex differences in the heart's ability to respond to hypertrophic stimuli in doxorubicin-exposed animals have not been reported. We identified the sexual dimorphic effects of isoproterenol in mice pre-exposed to doxorubicin. Male and female intact or gonadectomized C57BL/6N mice underwent five weekly intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg/kg doxorubicin followed by a five-week recovery period. Fourteen days of subcutaneous isoproterenol injections (10 mg/kg/day) were administered after the recovery period. Echocardiography was used to assess heart function one and five weeks after the last doxorubicin injection and on the fourteenth day of isoproterenol treatment. Thereafter, mice were euthanized, and the hearts were weighed and processed for histopathology and gene expression analysis. Doxorubicin did not produce overt cardiac dysfunction in male or female mice before starting isoproterenol treatment. The chronotropic response to a single isoproterenol injection was blunted by doxorubicin, but the inotropic response was maintained in both males and females. Pre-exposure to doxorubicin caused cardiac atrophy in both control and isoproterenol-treated male mice but not in female mice. Counterintuitively, pre-exposure to doxorubicin abrogated isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis. However, there were no sex differences in the expression of markers of pathological hypertrophy, fibrosis, or inflammation. Gonadectomy did not reverse the sexually dimorphic effects of doxorubicin. Additionally, pre-exposure to doxorubicin abrogated the hypertrophic response to isoproterenol in castrated male mice but not in ovariectomized female mice. Therefore, pre-exposure to doxorubicin caused male-specific cardiac atrophy that persisted after isoproterenol treatment, which could not be prevented by gonadectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beshay N. Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ghnenis A, Padmanabhan V, Vyas A. Sexual dimorphism in testosterone programming of cardiomyocyte development in sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H607-H621. [PMID: 35119334 PMCID: PMC8957338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00691.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perturbed in utero hormone milieu leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), a known risk factor for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction later in life. Gestational testosterone (T) excess predisposes offspring to IUGR and leads to LV myocardial disarray and hypertension in adult females. However, the early impact of T excess on LV programming and if it is female specific is unknown. LV tissues were obtained at day 90 gestation from days 30-90 T-treated or control fetuses (n = 6/group/sex) and morphometric and molecular analyses were conducted. Gestational T treatment increased cardiomyocyte number only in female fetuses. T excess upregulated receptor expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Furthermore, in a sex-specific manner, T increased expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) while downregulating phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR)-to-mTOR ratio suggestive of compensatory response. T excess 1) upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), markers of stress and cardiac hypertrophy and 2) upregulated estrogen receptors1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), but not in androgen receptor (AR). Thus, gestational T excess upregulated markers of cardiac stress and hypertrophy in both sexes while inducing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia only in females, likely mediated via insulin and estrogenic programming.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates sex-specific effects of gestational T excess between days 30 and 90 of gestation on the cardiac phenotype. Furthermore, the sex-specific programming is likely secondary to perturbation in both estrogen and insulin signaling pathways collectively. These findings are supportive of the role of androgen excess to serve as early biomarkers of CVD and could be critical in identifying therapeutic targets for LV hypertrophy and predict long-term CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Arpita Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California
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