1
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Jeon YK, Kwon JW, Jang J, Choi SW, Woo J, Cho SH, Yu BI, Chun YS, Youm JB, Zhang YH, Kim SJ. Lower troponin expression in the right ventricle of rats explains interventricular differences in E-C coupling. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212990. [PMID: 35099502 PMCID: PMC8823606 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite distinctive functional and anatomic differences, a precise understanding of the cardiac interventricular differences in excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we directly compared rat right and left cardiomyocytes (RVCM and LVCM). Whole-cell patch clamp, the IonOptix system, and fura-2 fluorimetry were used to measure electrical properties (action potential and ionic currents), single-cell contractility, and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), respectively. Myofilament proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. RVCM showed significantly shorter action potential duration (APD) and higher density of transient outward K+ current (Ito). However, the triggered [Ca2+]i change (Ca2+ transient) was not different, while the decay rate of the Ca2+ transient was slower in RVCM. Although the relaxation speed was also slower, the sarcomere shortening amplitude (ΔSL) was smaller in RVCM. SERCA activity was ∼60% lower in RVCM, which is partly responsible for the slower decay of the Ca2+ transient. Immunoblot analysis revealed lower expression of the cardiac troponin complex (cTn) in RVCM, implying a smaller Ca2+ buffering capacity (κS), which was proved by in situ analysis. The introduction of these new levels of cTn, Ito, and SERCA into a mathematical model of rat LVCM reproduced the similar Ca2+ transient, slower Ca2+ decay, shorter APD, and smaller ΔSL of RVCM. Taken together, these data show reduced expression of cTn proteins in the RVCM, which provides an explanation for the interventricular difference in the E–C coupling kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keul Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Jang
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Han Cho
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Il Yu
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Sook Chun
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Boum Youm
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zandstra TE, Notenboom RGE, Wink J, Kiès P, Vliegen HW, Egorova AD, Schalij MJ, De Ruiter MC, Jongbloed MRM. Asymmetry and Heterogeneity: Part and Parcel in Cardiac Autonomic Innervation and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665298. [PMID: 34603069 PMCID: PMC8481575 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) regulates cardiac adaptation to different demands. The heart is an asymmetrical organ, and in the selection of adequate treatment of cardiac diseases it may be relevant to take into account that the cANS also has sidedness as well as regional differences in anatomical, functional, and molecular characteristics. The left and right ventricles respond differently to adrenergic stimulation. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which plays an important role in parasympathetic function, are also distributed asymmetrically across the heart. Treatment of cardiac disease heavily relies on affecting left-sided heart targets which are thought to apply to the right ventricle as well. Functional studies of the right ventricle have often been neglected. In addition, many principles have only been investigated in animals and not in humans. Anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the cANS in human tissue or subjects is highly valuable for understanding left- and right-sided cardiac pathology and for identifying novel treatment targets and modalities. Within this perspective, we aim to provide an overview and synthesis of anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the cANS in tissue or subjects, focusing on the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjitske E Zandstra
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robbert G E Notenboom
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Wink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Philippine Kiès
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hubert W Vliegen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anastasia D Egorova
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marco C De Ruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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3
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Patey O, Carvalho JS, Thilaganathan B. Urgent neonatal balloon atrial septostomy in simple transposition of the great arteries: predictive value of fetal cardiac parameters. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 57:756-768. [PMID: 32730671 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of abnormal perinatal loading conditions on cardiac geometry and function in term fetuses and neonates with transposition of the great arteries with intact interventricular septum (simple TGA), and to explore the predictive value of fetal cardiac parameters for an urgent balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) after birth. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal follow-up study of women delivering at term, including both uncomplicated pregnancies with normal outcome and pregnancies affected by fetal simple TGA. Conventional, spectral-tissue Doppler and speckle-tracking echocardiographic parameters were obtained within 1 week before delivery and within the first few hours after delivery. Neonates with simple TGA that required urgent BAS were assessed after the procedure and before corrective arterial switch surgery. Cardiac parameters were normalized by cardiac cycle length, ventricular end-diastolic length or end-diastolic dimension, as appropriate. Fetal and neonatal cardiac parameters were compared between simple-TGA cases and controls, and perinatal changes in the simple-TGA group were assessed. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC)-curve analysis was used to assess the predictive value of fetal cardiac parameters for urgent BAS after birth in the simple-TGA group. RESULTS A total of 67 pregnant women delivering at term were included in the study (54 normal pregnancies and 13 with a diagnosis of fetal simple TGA). Compared with normal term fetuses, term fetuses with simple TGA exhibited more globular hypertrophied ventricles, increased biventricular systolic function and diastolic dysfunction (right ventricular (RV) sphericity index (SI), 0.58 vs 0.54; left ventricular (LV)-SI, 0.55 vs 0.49; combined cardiac output (CCO), 483 vs 406 mL/min/kg; LV torsion, 4.3 vs 3.0 deg/cm; RV isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT'), 127 vs 102 ms; P < 0.01 for all). Compared with normal neonates, neonates with simple TGA demonstrated biventricular hypertrophy, a more spherical right ventricle and altered systolic and diastolic functional parameters (RV-SI, 0.61 vs 0.43; RV myocardial performance index, 0.47 vs 0.34; CCO, 697 vs 486 mL/min/kg; LV-IVRT', 100 vs 79 ms; RV-IVRT', 106 vs 71 ms; P < 0.001 for all). Paired comparison of neonatal and fetal cardiac indices in the simple-TGA group showed persistence of the fetal phenotype, increased biventricular systolic myocardial contractility and CCO, and diastolic dysfunction (RV systolic myocardial velocity (S'), 0.31 vs 0.24 cm/s; LV-S', 0.23 vs 0.18 cm/s; CCO, 697 vs 483 mL/min/kg; LV torsion, 1.1 vs 4.3 deg/cm; P < 0.001 for all). Several fetal cardiac parameters in term fetuses with simple TGA demonstrated high predictive value for an urgent BAS procedure after birth. Our proposed novel fetal cardiac index, LV rotation-to-shortening ratio, as a potential marker of subendocardial dysfunction, for a cut-off value of ≥ 0.23, had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83%. For RV/LV end-diastolic area ratio ≥ 1.33, pulmonary-valve-to-aortic-valve-dimension ratio ≤ 0.89, RV/LV cardiac output ratio ≥ 1.38 and foramen-ovale-dimension-to-total-interatrial-septal-length ratio ≤ 0.27, AUC was 0.93-0.98, sensitivity was 86% and specificity was 83-100% for all. CONCLUSIONS Simple-TGA fetuses exhibited cardiac remodeling at term with more profound alterations in these cardiac parameters after birth, suggestive of adaptation to abnormal loading conditions and possible adaptive responses to hypoxemia. Perinatal adaptation in simple TGA might reflect persistence of the abnormal parallel arrangement of cardiovascular circulation and the presence of widely patent fetal shunts imposing volume load on the neonatal heart. The fetal cardiac parameters that showed high predictive value for urgent BAS after birth might reflect the impact of late-gestation pathophysiology and progressive hypoxemia on fetal cardiac geometry and function in simple TGA. If these findings are validated in larger prospective studies, detailed cardiac assessment of fetuses with simple TGA near term could facilitate improvements in perinatal management and refinement of the timing of postnatal intervention strategies to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Patey
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J S Carvalho
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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4
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Abi-Gerges A, Castro L, Leroy J, Domergue V, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. Selective changes in cytosolic β-adrenergic cAMP signals and L-type Calcium Channel regulation by Phosphodiesterases during cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 150:109-121. [PMID: 33184031 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background In cardiomyocytes, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) type 3 and 4 are the predominant enzymes that degrade cAMP generated by β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), impacting notably the regulation of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is accompanied by a reduction in PDE3 and PDE4, however, whether this affects the dynamic regulation of cytosolic cAMP and ICa,L is not known. Methods and Results CH was induced in rats by thoracic aortic banding over a time period of five weeks and was confirmed by anatomical measurements. Left ventricular myocytes (LVMs) were isolated from CH and sham-operated (SHAM) rats and transduced with an adenovirus encoding a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensor or subjected to the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique to measure ICa,L. Aortic stenosis resulted in a 46% increase in heart weight to body weight ratio in CH compared to SHAM. In SHAM and CH LVMs, a short isoprenaline stimulation (Iso, 100 nM, 15 s) elicited a similar transient increase in cAMP with a half decay time (t1/2off) of ~50 s. In both groups, PDE4 inhibition with Ro 20-1724 (10 μM) markedly potentiated the amplitude and slowed the decline of the cAMP transient, this latter effect being more pronounced in SHAM (t1/2off ~ 250 s) than in CH (t1/2off ~ 150 s, P < 0.01). In contrast, PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide (1 μM) had no effect on the amplitude of the cAMP transient and a minimal effect on its recovery in SHAM, whereas it potentiated the amplitude and slowed the decay in CH (t1/2off ~ 80 s). Iso pulse stimulation also elicited a similar transient increase in ICa,L in SHAM and CH, although the duration of the rising phase was delayed in CH. Inhibition of PDE3 or PDE4 potentiated ICa,L amplitude in SHAM but not in CH. Besides, while only PDE4 inhibition slowed down the decline of ICa,L in SHAM, both PDE3 and PDE4 contributed in CH. Conclusion These results identify selective alterations in cytosolic cAMP and ICa,L regulation by PDE3 and PDE4 in CH, and show that the balance between PDE3 and PDE4 for the regulation of β-AR responses is shifted toward PDE3 during CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Liliana Castro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM, UMR-S1180, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Valérie Domergue
- UMS-IPSIT, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM, UMR-S1180, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM, UMR-S1180, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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5
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Protze SI, Lee JH, Keller GM. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Cells: From Developmental Biology to Therapeutic Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:311-327. [PMID: 31491395 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cardiovascular development have provided a roadmap for the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the major cell types found in the heart. In this Perspective, we review the state of the field in generating and maturing cardiovascular cells from hPSCs based on our fundamental understanding of heart development. We then highlight their applications for studying human heart development, modeling disease-performing drug screening, and cell replacement therapy. With the advancements highlighted here, the promise that hPSCs will deliver new treatments for degenerative and debilitating diseases may soon be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jee Hoon Lee
- BlueRock Therapeutics ULC, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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6
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Blair CA, Brundage EA, Thompson KL, Stromberg A, Guglin M, Biesiadecki BJ, Campbell KS. Heart Failure in Humans Reduces Contractile Force in Myocardium From Both Ventricles. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:786-798. [PMID: 32875169 PMCID: PMC7452203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Contractile assays were performed using multicellular preparations isolated from the left and right ventricles of organ donors and patients with heart failure. Heart failure reduced maximum force and power by approximately 30% in the myocardium from both ventricles. Heart failure increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction, but the effect was bigger in right ventricular tissue than in left ventricular samples. The changes in Ca2+ sensitivity may reflect ventricle-specific post-translational modifications to sarcomeric proteins.
This study measured how heart failure affects the contractile properties of the human myocardium from the left and right ventricles. The data showed that maximum force and maximum power were reduced by approximately 30% in multicellular preparations from both ventricles, possibly because of ventricular remodeling (e.g., cellular disarray and/or excess fibrosis). Heart failure increased the calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity of contraction in both ventricles, but the effect was bigger in right ventricular samples. The changes in Ca2+ sensitivity were associated with ventricle-specific changes in the phosphorylation of troponin I, which indicated that adrenergic stimulation might induce different effects in the left and right ventricles.
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Key Words
- Ca2+ sensitivity
- Ca2+, calcium
- Fact, maximum Ca2+-activated force
- Fpas, passive force
- LV, left ventricle
- MyBP-C, myosin binding protein-C
- PKA, protein kinase A
- Pmax, maximum power output
- RLC, regulatory light chain
- RV, right ventricle
- TnI, troponin I
- Vmax, maximum shortening velocity
- heart failure
- human myocardium
- ktr, rate of force recovery
- myofilament proteins
- nH, Hill coefficient
- ventricular function
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A Blair
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth A Brundage
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Maya Guglin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brandon J Biesiadecki
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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7
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Karam S, Margaria JP, Bourcier A, Mika D, Varin A, Bedioune I, Lindner M, Bouadjel K, Dessillons M, Gaudin F, Lefebvre F, Mateo P, Lechène P, Gomez S, Domergue V, Robert P, Coquard C, Algalarrondo V, Samuel JL, Michel JB, Charpentier F, Ghigo A, Hirsch E, Fischmeister R, Leroy J, Vandecasteele G. Cardiac Overexpression of PDE4B Blunts β-Adrenergic Response and Maladaptive Remodeling in Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 142:161-174. [PMID: 32264695 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate; cAMP)-hydrolyzing protein PDE4B (phosphodiesterase 4B) is a key negative regulator of cardiac β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. PDE4B deficiency leads to abnormal Ca2+ handling and PDE4B is decreased in pressure overload hypertrophy, suggesting that increasing PDE4B in the heart is beneficial in heart failure. METHODS We measured PDE4B expression in human cardiac tissues and developed 2 transgenic mouse lines with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of PDE4B and an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B. Myocardial structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography, ECG, and in Langendorff-perfused hearts. Also, cAMP and PKA (cAMP dependent protein kinase) activity were monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer, L-type Ca2+ current by whole-cell patch-clamp, and cardiomyocyte shortening and Ca2+ transients with an Ionoptix system. Heart failure was induced by 2 weeks infusion of isoproterenol or transverse aortic constriction. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by serial echocardiography, morphometric analysis, and histology. RESULTS PDE4B protein was decreased in human failing hearts. The first PDE4B-transgenic mouse line (TG15) had a ≈15-fold increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity and a ≈30% decrease in cAMP content and fractional shortening associated with a mild cardiac hypertrophy that resorbed with age. Basal ex vivo myocardial function was unchanged, but β-adrenergic receptor stimulation of cardiac inotropy, cAMP, PKA, L-type Ca2+ current, Ca2+ transients, and cell contraction were blunted. Endurance capacity and life expectancy were normal. Moreover, these mice were protected from systolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, lung congestion, and fibrosis induced by chronic isoproterenol treatment. In the second PDE4B-transgenic mouse line (TG50), markedly higher PDE4B overexpression, resulting in a ≈50-fold increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity caused a ≈50% decrease in fractional shortening, hypertrophy, dilatation, and premature death. In contrast, mice injected with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B (1012 viral particles/mouse) had a ≈50% increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity, which did not modify basal cardiac function but efficiently prevented systolic dysfunction, apoptosis, and fibrosis, while attenuating hypertrophy induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion. Similarly, adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B slowed contractile deterioration, attenuated hypertrophy and lung congestion, and prevented apoptosis and fibrotic remodeling in transverse aortic constriction. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a moderate increase in PDE4B is cardioprotective and suggest that cardiac gene therapy with PDE4B might constitute a new promising approach to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Karam
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | | | - Aurélia Bourcier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Audrey Varin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Ibrahim Bedioune
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Marta Lindner
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Kaouter Bouadjel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Matthieu Dessillons
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Françoise Gaudin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Patrick Lechène
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Susana Gomez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Valérie Domergue
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Pauline Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Charlène Coquard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Jane-Lise Samuel
- UMR-S 942, Inserm, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France (J.-L.S.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.).,UMR-S 1148, INSERM, Paris University, X. Bichat hospital, 75018 Paris, France (J.-B.M.)
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
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8
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Liew LC, Ho BX, Soh BS. Mending a broken heart: current strategies and limitations of cell-based therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32216837 PMCID: PMC7098097 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility of pluripotent stem cells, attributable to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and plasticity, has sparked a considerable interest for potential application in regenerative medicine. Over the past decade, the concept of replenishing the lost cardiomyocytes, the crux of the matter in ischemic heart disease, with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CM) has been validated with promising pre-clinical results. Nevertheless, clinical translation was hemmed in by limitations such as immature cardiac properties, long-term engraftment, graft-associated arrhythmias, immunogenicity, and risk of tumorigenicity. The continuous progress of stem cell-based cardiac therapy, incorporated with tissue engineering strategies and delivery of cardio-protective exosomes, provides an optimistic outlook on the development of curative treatment for heart failure. This review provides an overview and current status of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration, with particular focus on the use of PSC-CM. In addition, we also highlight the associated challenges in clinical application and discuss the potential strategies in developing successful cardiac-regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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9
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Zaitsev AV, Warren M. "Heart Oddity": Intrinsically Reduced Excitability in the Right Ventricle Requires Compensation by Regionally Specific Stress Kinase Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32132931 PMCID: PMC7040197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of ventricular excitation and conduction is an all-or-nothing response mediated by a regenerative activation of the inward sodium channel, which gives rise to an essentially constant conduction velocity (CV). However, whereas there is no obvious biological need to tune-up ventricular conduction, the principal molecular components determining CV, such as sodium channels, inward-rectifier potassium channels, and gap junctional channels, are known targets of the “stress” protein kinases PKA and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and are thus regulatable by signal pathways converging on these kinases. In this mini-review we will expose deficiencies and controversies in our current understanding of how ventricular conduction is regulated by stress kinases, with a special focus on the chamber-specific dimension in this regulation. In particular, we will highlight an odd property of cardiac physiology: uniform CV in ventricles requires co-existence of mutually opposing gradients in cardiac excitability and stress kinase function. While the biological advantage of this peculiar feature remains obscure, it is important to recognize the clinical implications of this phenomenon pertinent to inherited or acquired conduction diseases and therapeutic interventions modulating activity of PKA or CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zaitsev
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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10
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Wright PT, Tsui SF, Francis AJ, MacLeod KT, Marston SB. Approaches to High-Throughput Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Front Physiol 2020; 11:612. [PMID: 32733259 PMCID: PMC7362994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of the contractile behavior of single cardiomyocytes has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the myocardium. However, the isolation of cardiomyocytes introduces various technical and statistical issues. Traditional video and fluorescence microscopy techniques based around conventional microscopy systems result in low-throughput experimental studies, in which single cells are studied over the course of a pharmacological or physiological intervention. We describe a new approach to these experiments made possible with a new piece of instrumentation, the CytoCypher High-Throughput System (CC-HTS). We can assess the shortening of sarcomeres, cell length, Ca2+ handling, and cellular morphology of almost 4 cells per minute. This increase in productivity means that batch-to-batch variation can be identified as a major source of variability. The speed of acquisition means that sufficient numbers of cells in each preparation can be assessed for multiple conditions reducing these batch effects. We demonstrate the different temporal scales over which the CC-HTS can acquire data. We use statistical analysis methods that compensate for the hierarchical effects of clustering within heart preparations and demonstrate a significant false-positive rate, which is potentially present in conventional studies. We demonstrate a more stringent way to perform these tests. The baseline morphological and functional characteristics of rat, mouse, guinea pig, and human cells are explored. Finally, we show data from concentration response experiments revealing the usefulness of the CC-HTS in such studies. We specifically focus on the effects of agents that directly or indirectly affect the activity of the motor proteins involved in the production of cardiomyocyte contraction. A variety of myocardial preparations with differing levels of complexity are in use (e.g., isolated muscle bundles, thin slices, perfused dual innervated isolated heart, and perfused ventricular wedge). All suffer from low throughput but can be regarded as providing independent data points in contrast to the clustering problems associated with isolated cell studies. The greater productivity and sampling power provided by CC-HTS may help to reestablish the utility of isolated cell studies, while preserving the unique insights provided by studying the contribution of the fundamental, cellular unit of myocardial contractility.
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11
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Hashimoto T, Kim GE, Tunin RS, Adesiyun T, Hsu S, Nakagawa R, Zhu G, O'Brien JJ, Hendrick JP, Davis RE, Yao W, Beard D, Hoxie HR, Wennogle LP, Lee DI, Kass DA. Acute Enhancement of Cardiac Function by Phosphodiesterase Type 1 Inhibition. Circulation 2019; 138:1974-1987. [PMID: 30030415 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase type-1 (PDE1) hydrolyzes cAMP and cGMP and is constitutively expressed in the heart, although cardiac effects from its acute inhibition in vivo are largely unknown. Existing data are limited to rodents expressing mostly the cGMP-favoring PDE1A isoform. Human heart predominantly expresses PDE1C with balanced selectivity for cAMP and cGMP. Here, we determined the acute effects of PDE1 inhibition in PDE1C-expressing mammals, dogs, and rabbits, in normal and failing hearts, and explored its regulatory pathways. METHODS Conscious dogs chronically instrumented for pressure-volume relations were studied before and after tachypacing-induced heart failure (HF). A selective PDE1 inhibitor (ITI-214) was administered orally or intravenously±dobutamine. Pressure-volume analysis in anesthetized rabbits tested the role of β-adrenergic and adenosine receptor signaling on ITI-214 effects. Sarcomere and calcium dynamics were studied in rabbit left ventricular myocytes. RESULTS In normal and HF dogs, ITI-214 increased load-independent contractility, improved relaxation, and reduced systemic arterial resistance, raising cardiac output without altering systolic blood pressure. Heart rate increased, but less so in HF dogs. ITI-214 effects were additive to β-adrenergic receptor agonism (dobutamine). Dobutamine but not ITI-214 increased plasma cAMP. ITI-214 induced similar cardiovascular effects in rabbits, whereas mice displayed only mild vasodilation and no contractility effects. In rabbits, β-adrenergic receptor blockade (esmolol) prevented ITI-214-mediated chronotropy, but inotropy and vasodilation remained unchanged. By contrast, adenosine A2B-receptor blockade (MRS-1754) suppressed ITI-214 cardiovascular effects. Adding fixed-rate atrial pacing did not alter the findings. ITI-214 alone did not affect sarcomere or whole-cell calcium dynamics, whereas β-adrenergic receptor agonism (isoproterenol) or PDE3 inhibition (cilostamide) increased both. Unlike cilostamide, which further enhanced shortening and peak calcium when combined with isoproterenol, ITI-214 had no impact on these responses. Both PDE1 and PDE3 inhibitors increased shortening and accelerated calcium decay when combined with forskolin, yet only cilostamide increased calcium transients. CONCLUSIONS PDE1 inhibition by ITI-214 in vivo confers acute inotropic, lusitropic, and arterial vasodilatory effects in PDE1C-expressing mammals with and without HF. The effects appear related to cAMP signaling that is different from that provided via β-adrenergic receptors or PDE3 modulation. ITI-214, which has completed phase I trials, may provide a novel therapy for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hashimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Grace E Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Richard S Tunin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Tolulope Adesiyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.).,Dr Adesiyun's current affiliation is Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital3 Chome-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Steven Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Ryo Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - Jennifer J O'Brien
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Joseph P Hendrick
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Robert E Davis
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Wei Yao
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - David Beard
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Helen R Hoxie
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Lawrence P Wennogle
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, New York, NY (J.J.O'B., J.P.H., R.E.D., W.Y., D.B., H.R.H., L.P.W.)
| | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.H., G.E.K., R.S.T., T.A., S.H., R.N., G.Z., D.I.L., D.A.K.)
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12
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Zaitsev AV, Torres NS, Cawley KM, Sabry AD, Warren JS, Warren M. Conduction in the right and left ventricle is differentially regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases: implications for arrhythmogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1507-H1527. [PMID: 30875259 PMCID: PMC6620685 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The "stress" kinases cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylate the Na+ channel Nav1.5 subunit to regulate its function. However, how the channel regulation translates to ventricular conduction is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the stress kinases positively and differentially regulate conduction in the right (RV) and the left (LV) ventricles. We applied the CaMKII blocker KN93 (2.75 μM), PKA blocker H89 (10 μM), and broad-acting phosphatase blocker calyculin (30 nM) in rabbit hearts paced at a cycle length (CL) of 150-8,000 ms. We used optical mapping to determine the distribution of local conduction delays (inverse of conduction velocity). Control hearts exhibited constant and uniform conduction at all tested CLs. Calyculin (15-min perfusion) accelerated conduction, with greater effect in the RV (by 15.3%) than in the LV (by 4.1%; P < 0.05). In contrast, both KN93 and H89 slowed down conduction in a chamber-, time-, and CL-dependent manner, with the strongest effect in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). Combined KN93 and H89 synergistically promoted conduction slowing in the RV (KN93: 24.7%; H89: 29.9%; and KN93 + H89: 114.2%; P = 0.0016) but not the LV. The progressive depression of RV conduction led to conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias. Protein expression levels of both the CaMKII-δ isoform and the PKA catalytic subunit were higher in the RVOT than in the apical LV (P < 0.05). Thus normal RV conduction requires a proper balance between kinase and phosphatase activity. Dysregulation of this balance due to pharmacological interventions or disease is potentially proarrhythmic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that uniform ventricular conduction requires a precise physiological balance of the activities of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), PKA, and phosphatases, which involves region-specific expression of CaMKII and PKA. Inhibiting CaMKII and/or PKA activity elicits nonuniform conduction depression, with the right ventricle becoming vulnerable to the development of conduction disturbances and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zaitsev
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Natalia S Torres
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keiko M Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amira D Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Synergic PDE3 and PDE4 control intracellular cAMP and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in a porcine model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:57-66. [PMID: 31158360 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important modulators of the cardiac response to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. PDE3 is classically considered as the major cardiac PDE in large mammals and human, while PDE4 is preponderant in rodents. However, it remains unclear whether PDE4 also plays a functional role in large mammals. Our purpose was to understand the role of PDE4 in cAMP hydrolysis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in the pig heart, a relevant pre-clinical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time cAMP variations were measured in isolated adult pig right ventricular myocytes (APVMs) using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor. ECC was investigated in APVMs loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1 Hz allowing simultaneous measurement of intracellular Ca2+ and sarcomere shortening. The expression of the different PDE4 subfamilies was assessed by Western blot in pig right ventricles and APVMs. Similarly to PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide (Cil), PDE4 inhibition with Ro 20-1724 (Ro) increased cAMP levels and inotropy under basal conditions. PDE4 inhibition enhanced the effects of the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) and the effects of Cil, and increased spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ waves (SCWs) in these conditions. PDE3A, PDE4A, PDE4B and PDE4D subfamilies are expressed in pig ventricles. In APVMs isolated from a porcine model of repaired tetralogy of Fallot which leads to right ventricular failure, PDE4 inhibition also exerts inotropic and pro-arrhythmic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PDE4 controls ECC in APVMs and suggest that PDE4 inhibitors exert inotropic and pro-arrhythmic effects upon PDE3 inhibition or β-AR stimulation in our pre-clinical model. Thus, PDE4 inhibitors should be used with caution in clinics as they may lead to arrhythmogenic events upon stress.
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14
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Molina CE, Jacquet E, Ponien P, Muñoz-Guijosa C, Baczkó I, Maier LS, Donzeau-Gouge P, Dobrev D, Fischmeister R, Garnier A. Identification of optimal reference genes for transcriptomic analyses in normal and diseased human heart. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:247-258. [PMID: 29036603 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for mRNA quantification, but requires an accurate normalization based on the use of reference genes showing invariant expression across various pathological conditions. Only few data exist on appropriate reference genes for the human heart. The objective of this study was to determine a set of suitable reference genes in human atrial and ventricular tissues, from right and left cavities in control and in cardiac diseases. Methods and results We assessed the expression of 16 reference genes (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, GUSB, HMBS, HPRT1, IPO8, PGK1, POLR2A, PPIA, RPLP0, TBP, TFRC, UBC, YWHAZ, 18S) in tissues from: right and left ventricles from healthy controls and heart failure (HF) patients; right-atrial tissue from patients in sinus rhythm with (SRd) or without (SRnd) atrial dilatation, patients with paroxysmal (pAF) or chronic (cAF) atrial fibrillation or with HF; and left-atrial tissue from patients in SR or cAF. Consensual analysis (by geNorm and Normfinder algorithms, BestKeeper software tool and comparative delta-Ct method) of the variability scores obtained for each reference gene expression shows that the most stably expressed genes are: GAPDH, GUSB, IPO8, POLR2A, and YWHAZ when comparing either right and left ventricle or ventricle from healthy controls and HF patients; GAPDH, IPO8, POLR2A, PPIA, and RPLP0 when comparing either right and left atrium or right atria from all pathological groups. ACTB, TBP, TFRC, and 18S genes were identified as the least stable. Conclusions The overall most stable reference genes across different heart cavities and disease conditions were GAPDH, IPO8, POLR2A and PPIA. YWHAZ or GUSB could be added to this set for some specific experiments. This study should provide useful guidelines for reference gene selection in RT-qPCR studies in human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Molina
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Prishila Ponien
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Istvan Baczkó
- Department Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Dobromir Dobrev
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne Garnier
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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15
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Huang H, Xie M, Gao L, Zhang W, Zhu X, Wang Y, Li W, Wang R, Chen K, Boutjdir M, Chen L. Rolipram, a PDE4 Inhibitor, Enhances the Inotropic Effect of Rat Heart by Activating SERCA2a. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30967774 PMCID: PMC6439224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the hemodynamic effect of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in normal rat hearts both in vivo and in vitro and its underlying mechanism. The pressure-volume loop, isolated heart, and Ca2+ transients triggered by field stimulation or caffeine were used to analyze the hemodynamic mechanism of rolipram. The results demonstrated that rolipram (3 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the in vivo rat heart contractility by enhancing stroke work, cardiac output, stroke volume, end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic pressure, heart rate, ejection fraction, peak rate of rise of left pressure (+dp/dtmax), the slopes of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (slope of ESPVR) named as left ventricular end-systolic elastance, and reduced the slopes of end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (slope of EDPVR). Meanwhile, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure were significantly enhanced by rolipram. Also, rolipram deviated normal ventricular-arterial coupling without changing the arterial elastance. Furthermore, rolipram (0.1, 1, 10 μM) also exerted positive inotropic effect in isolated rat hearts by increasing the left ventricular development pressure, and +dp/dtmax in non-paced and paced modes. Rolipram (10 μM) increased the SERCA2a activity, Ca2+ content, and Ca2+ leak rate without changing diastolic Ca2+ level. Rolipram had significant positive inotropic effect with less effect on peripheral vascular elastance and its underlying mechanism was mediated by increasing SERCA2a activity. PDE4 inhibition by rolipram resulted in a positive inotropic effect and might serve as a target for developing agents for the treatment of heart failure in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Huang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhu
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Biomedical Innovation Institute of China Medical City, Taizhou, China
| | - Kesu Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Inpatient Wards for Senior Cadres, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command Region, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States.,State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Long Chen
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine of Taizhou China Medical City, Taizhou, China
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16
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Leroy J, Vandecasteele G, Fischmeister R. Cyclic AMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Park Y, Kim EJ. Prolonged Intensive Exercise: When the Right Ventricle Goes Wrong. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:1025-1027. [PMID: 30334390 PMCID: PMC6196152 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjee Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Guillory AN, Clayton RP, Prasai A, El Ayadi A, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC. Biventricular differences in β-adrenergic receptor signaling following burn injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189527. [PMID: 29232706 PMCID: PMC5726759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury detrimentally affects the myocardium, primarily due to over-activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Autopsy reports from our institution reveal that patients often suffer from right ventricle (RV) failure. Since burn injury affects β-AR signaling in the left ventricle (LV), we proposed that β-AR signaling may also be altered in the RV. A rodent model with a scald burn of 60% of the total body surface area was used to test this hypothesis. Ventricles were isolated 7 days post-burn. We examined the expression of β-ARs via Western blotting and the mRNA expression of downstream signaling proteins via qRT-PCR. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were measured in membrane and cytosolic fractions, respectively, using enzyme immunoassay kits. β1-AR protein expression was significantly increased in the RV following burn injury compared to non-burned RV but not in the LV (p = 0.0022). In contrast, β2-AR expression was unaltered among the groups while Gαi expression was significantly higher in the LV post-burn (p = 0.023). B-arrestin-1 and G-protein coupled receptor kinase-2 mRNA expression were significantly increased in the left ventricle post-burn (p = 0.001, p<0.0001, respectively). cAMP production and PKA activity were significantly lower in the LV post-burn (p = 0.0063, 0.0042, respectively). These data indicate that burn injury affects the β-AR signaling pathway in the RV independently of the LV. Additionally, non-canonical β-AR signaling may be activated in the RV as cAMP production and PKA activity were unchanged despite changes in β1-AR protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Guillory
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Clayton
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David N. Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celeste C. Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Tomek J, Rodriguez B, Bub G, Heijman J. β-Adrenergic receptor stimulation inhibits proarrhythmic alternans in postinfarction border zone cardiomyocytes: a computational analysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H338-H353. [PMID: 28550171 PMCID: PMC5582914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We integrated, for the first time, postmyocardial infarction electrical and autonomic remodeling in a detailed, validated computer model of β-adrenergic stimulation in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that β-adrenergic stimulation inhibits alternans and provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms, adding to a recent controversy about pro-/antiarrhythmic effects of postmyocardial infarction hyperinnervation. The border zone (BZ) of the viable myocardium adjacent to an infarct undergoes extensive autonomic and electrical remodeling and is prone to repolarization alternans-induced cardiac arrhythmias. BZ remodeling processes may promote or inhibit Ca2+ and/or repolarization alternans and may differentially affect ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Here, we used a detailed computational model of the canine ventricular cardiomyocyte to study the determinants of alternans in the BZ and their regulation by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. The BZ model developed Ca2+ transient alternans at slower pacing cycle lengths than the control model, suggesting that the BZ may promote spatially heterogeneous alternans formation in an infarcted heart. β-AR stimulation abolished alternans. By evaluating all combinations of downstream β-AR stimulation targets, we identified both direct (via ryanodine receptor channels) and indirect [via sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load] modulation of SR Ca2+ release as critical determinants of Ca2+ transient alternans. These findings were confirmed in a human ventricular cardiomyocyte model. Cell-to-cell coupling indirectly modulated the likelihood of alternans by affecting the action potential upstroke, reducing the trigger for SR Ca2+ release in one-dimensional strand simulations. However, β-AR stimulation inhibited alternans in both single and multicellular simulations. Taken together, these data highlight a potential antiarrhythmic role of sympathetic hyperinnervation in the BZ by reducing the likelihood of alternans and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms controlling Ca2+ transient and repolarization alternans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We integrated, for the first time, postmyocardial infarction electrical and autonomic remodeling in a detailed, validated computer model of β-adrenergic stimulation in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that β-adrenergic stimulation inhibits alternans and provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms, adding to a recent controversy about pro-/antiarrhythmic effects of postmyocardial infarction hyperinnervation. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/%CE%B2-ar-stimulation-and-alternans-in-border-zone-cardiomyocytes/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tomek
- Life Sciences Interface Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gil Bub
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Patey O, Gatzoulis MA, Thilaganathan B, Carvalho JS. Perinatal Changes in Fetal Ventricular Geometry, Myocardial Performance, and Cardiac Function in Normal Term Pregnancies. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:485-492.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Bedioune I, Bobin P, Leroy J, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases and Compartmentation in Normal and Diseased Heart. MICRODOMAINS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54579-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Effects of zacopride, a moderate I K1 channel agonist, on triggered arrhythmia and contractility in human ventricular myocardium. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:309-318. [PMID: 27914945 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia is the leading cause of sudden arrhythmic death in the U.S. Recently, the moderate IK1 channel activator, zacopride, was shown to suppress triggered ventricular tachycardia in rats. Nonetheless, concerns were raised about the possibility of pro-arrhythmic activity after IK1 channel stimulation based on the promising anti-arrhythmic strategy of IK1 blockade in other animal models. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the ex-vivo effects of zacopride on triggered arrhythmia and contractility in ventricular human myocardium in order to validate data that was solely obtained from animal models. Application of 100nmol/L isoproterenol and 0.5mmol/L caffeine led to triggered arrhythmia in isolated cardiac muscles from non-failing and end-stage failing hearts. However, the occurrence of arrhythmia in muscles of non-failing hearts was markedly higher than those of end-stage failing hearts. Interestingly, zacopride eliminated the ex-vivo triggered arrhythmia in these muscles of non-failing and failing hearts in a concentration-dependent manner, with an effective IC50 in the range of 28-40μmol/L. Conversely, in the absence of isoproterenol/caffeine, zacopride led to a negative inotropic effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduced cardiac contraction was clearly observed at high zacopride concentration of 200μmol/L, along with the occurrence of contractile alternans in muscles of non-failing and failing hearts. Zacopride shows promising antiarrhythmic effects against triggered arrhythmia in human ventricular myocardium. However, in the absence of Ca2+ overload/arrhythmia, zacopride, albeit at high concentrations, decreases the force of contraction and increases the likelihood of occurrence of contractile alternans, which may predispose the heart to contractile dysfunction and/or arrhythmia. Overall, our results represent a key step in translating this drug from the benchtop to the bedside in the research area.
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Molina CE, Heijman J, Dobrev D. Differences in Left Versus Right Ventricular Electrophysiological Properties in Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmogenesis. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2016; 5:14-9. [PMID: 27403288 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2016.8.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of ion channels, transporters, signaling pathways and tissue structure at a microscopic and macroscopic scale regulate the electrophysiological activity of the heart. Each region of the heart has optimised these properties based on its specific role during the cardiac cycle, leading to well-established differences in electrophysiology, Ca(2+) handling and tissue structure between atria and ventricles and between different layers of the ventricular wall. Similarly, the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) have different embryological, structural, metabolic and electrophysiological features, but whether interventricular differences promote differential remodeling leading to arrhythmias is not well understood. In this article, we will summarise the available data on intrinsic differences between LV and RV electrophysiology and indicate how these differences affect cardiac function. Furthermore, we will discuss the differential remodeling of both chambers in pathological conditions and its potential impact on arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Molina
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Evaluation of the Effects of CHF6001, an Inhaled PDE4 Inhibitor, on Cardiac Repolarization and Cardiac Arrhythmias in Healthy Volunteers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 68:41-8. [PMID: 26945156 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multicomponent condition characterized by airway inflammation and associated to comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Among anti-inflammatory agents in development for COPD, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors administrated by inhalation have the potential for increased efficacy and reduced systemic side effects. CHF6001 is an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in animal models. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was aimed to demonstrate its cardiovascular safety and tolerability in healthy male volunteers with normal electrocardiogram and cardiac parameters. Single and multiple ascending doses (7 days of administration) of CHF6001 were administered. Three electrocardiograms were recorded at several pharmacokinetic time points and at each time points, postdose heart rate, QRS and PR intervals, and presence of arrhythmia were evaluated. In single ascending dose, QTcF intervals did not increase more than 30 milliseconds from the baseline, all heart rate was between 45 and 100 bpm, and no statistically significant differences were observed in PR and QRS intervals. In multiple ascending dose, cardiac parameters did not differ significantly from baseline. In the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, no medically or clinically significant changes were found. Further studies are ongoing to demonstrate that CHF6001 is safe and well tolerated in COPD patients as well.
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25
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Bobin P, Varin A, Lefebvre F, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G, Leroy J. Calmodulin kinase II inhibition limits the pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ waves induced by cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:151-61. [PMID: 26851245 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A major concern of using phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in heart failure is their potential to increase mortality by inducing arrhythmias. By diminishing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) hydrolysis, they promote protein kinase A (PKA) activity under β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation, hence enhancing Ca(2+) cycling and contraction. Yet, cAMP also activates CaMKII via PKA or the exchange protein Epac, but it remains unknown whether these pathways are involved in the pro-arrhythmic effect of PDE inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS Excitation-contraction coupling was investigated in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1 Hz allowing coincident measurement of intracellular Ca(2+) and sarcomere shortening. The PDE4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (Ro) promoted the inotropic effects of the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) and also spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) waves (SCWs). PDE4 inhibition potentiated RyR2 and PLB phosphorylation at specific PKA and CaMKII sites increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load and SR Ca(2+) leak measured in a 0Na(+)/0Ca(2+) solution ± tetracaine. PKA inhibition suppressed all the effects of Iso ± Ro, whereas CaMKII inhibition prevented SR Ca(2+) leak and diminished SCW incidence without affecting the inotropic effects of Ro. Inhibition of Epac2 but not Epac1 diminished the occurrence of SCWs. PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide induced an SR Ca(2+) leak, which was also blocked by CaMKII inhibition. CONCLUSION Our results show that PDE inhibitors exert inotropic effects via PKA but lead to SCWs via both PKA and CaMKII activation partly via Epac2, suggesting the potential use of CaMKII inhibitors as adjuncts to PDE inhibition to limit their pro-arrhythmic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bobin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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26
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Soler F, Fernández-Belda F, Pérez-Schindler J, Hernández-Cascales J. Single inhibition of either PDE3 or PDE4 unmasks β2-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic and lusitropic effects in the left but not right ventricular myocardium of rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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