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Van Belle E, Baptista SB, Raposo L, Henderson J, Rioufol G, Santos L, Pouillot C, Ramos R, Cuisset T, Calé R, Teiger E, Jorge E, Belle L, Machado C, Barreau D, Costa M, Hanssen M, Oliveira E, Besnard C, Costa J, Dallongeville J, Pipa J, Sideris G, Fonseca N, Bretelle C, Guardado J, Lhoest N, Silva B, Barnay P, Sousa MJ, Leborgne L, Silva JC, Vincent F, Rodrigues A, Seca L, Fernandes R, Dupouy P. Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve on Management Decision and 1-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: PRIME-FFR (Insights From the POST-IT [Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease] and R3F [French FFR Registry] Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR [Fractional Flow Reserve] in Routine Practice). Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004296. [PMID: 28615234 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.116.004296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is not firmly established as a guide to treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Primary goals were to evaluate the impact of integrating FFR on management decisions and on clinical outcome of patients with ACS undergoing coronary angiography, as compared with patients with stable coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS R3F (French FFR Registry) and POST-IT (Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease), sharing a common design, were pooled as PRIME-FFR (Insights From the POST-IT and R3F Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR in Routine Practice). Investigators prospectively defined management strategy based on angiography before performing FFR. Final decision after FFR and 1-year clinical outcome were recorded. From 1983 patients, in whom FFR was prospectively used to guide treatment, 533 sustained ACS (excluding acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction). In ACS, FFR was performed in 1.4 lesions per patient, mostly in left anterior descending (58%), with a mean percent stenosis of 58±12% and a mean FFR of 0.82±0.09. In patients with ACS, reclassification by FFR was high and similar to those with non-ACS (38% versus 39%; P=NS). The pattern of reclassification was different, however, with less patients with ACS reclassified from revascularization to medical treatment compared with those with non-ACS (P=0.01). In ACS, 1-year outcome of patients reclassified based on FFR (FFR against angiography) was as good as that of nonreclassified patients (FFR concordant with angiography), with no difference in major cardiovascular event (8.0% versus 11.6%; P=0.20) or symptoms (92.3% versus 94.8% angina free; P=0.25). Moreover, FFR-based deferral to medical treatment was as safe in patients with ACS as in patients with non-ACS (major cardiovascular event, 8.0% versus 8.5%; P=0.83; revascularization, 3.8% versus 5.9%; P=0.24; and freedom from angina, 93.6% versus 90.2%; P=0.35). These findings were confirmed in ACS explored at the culprit lesion. In patients (6%) in whom the information derived from FFR was disregarded, a dire outcome was observed. CONCLUSIONS Routine integration of FFR into the decision-making process of ACS patients with obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with a high reclassification rate of treatment (38%). A management strategy guided by FFR, divergent from that suggested by angiography, including revascularization deferral, is safe in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Belle
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Sergio-Bravo Baptista
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Luís Raposo
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - John Henderson
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Gilles Rioufol
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Lino Santos
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Christophe Pouillot
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Ruben Ramos
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Thomas Cuisset
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Rita Calé
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Elisabete Jorge
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Loic Belle
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Carina Machado
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Didier Barreau
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Marco Costa
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Michel Hanssen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Eduardo Oliveira
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Cyril Besnard
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - João Costa
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - João Pipa
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Georgios Sideris
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Christophe Bretelle
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Jorge Guardado
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Nicolas Lhoest
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Bruno Silva
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Pierre Barnay
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Maria-João Sousa
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Laurent Leborgne
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - João Carlos Silva
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Flavien Vincent
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Alberto Rodrigues
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Luís Seca
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Renato Fernandes
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.)
| | - Patrick Dupouy
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Lille, France (E.V.B., F.V.); INSERM U1011, Lille-II-University, France (E.V.B., F.V.); Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal (S.-B.B.); Hospital de Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal (L.R.); Statistical Department, St. Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, MN (J.H.); Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France (G.R.); INSERM 1060 CARMEN, Claude Bernard University Lyon, France (G.R.); Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (L.S.); Clinique Sainte Clotilde, Saint Denis de la Réunion, France (C.P.); Hospital Santa Marta - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal (R.R.); CHU La Timone, Marseille, France (T.C.); Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal (R.C.); CHU Mondor, Créteil, France (E.T.); Centro Hospitalar Universitário Coimbra, Portugal (E.J.); CH d'Annecy, France (L.B.); Hospital Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal (C.M.); C.H.I.T.S. Hôpital Sainte Musse, Toulon, France (D.B.); Hospital Geral dos Covões - Centro Hospitalar Coimbra, Portugal (M.C.); Centre Hospitalier Haguenau, France (M.H.); Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal (E.O.); Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France (C.B.); Hospital de Braga, Portugal (J.C.); Institut Pasteur de Lille-INSERM, France (J.D.); Hospital São Teotónio, Viseu, Portugal (J.P.); Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (G.S.); Centro Hospitalar Setúbal, Portugal (N.F.); Centre Hospitalier Valence, France (C.B.); Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar Leiria-Pombal, Portugal (J.G.); Hôpital Albert Schweizer, Colmar, France (N.L.); Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal (B.S.); Centre Hospitalier La Durance, Avignon, France (P.B.); Hospital Geral Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal (M.-J.S.); Centre Hospitalier Amiens Sud, Amiens, France (L.L.); Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal (J.C.S.); Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal (A.R.); Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Unidade Hospitalar Vila Real, Portugal (L.S.); Hospital Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal (R.F.); and Hopital Privé d'Antony, France (P.D.).
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Ahn JM, Park DW, Shin ES, Koo BK, Nam CW, Doh JH, Kim JH, Chae IH, Yoon JH, Her SH, Seung KB, Chung WY, Yoo SY, Lee JB, Choi SW, Park K, Hong TJ, Lee SY, Han M, Lee PH, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Park SJ. Fractional Flow Reserve and Cardiac Events in Coronary Artery Disease: Data From a Prospective IRIS-FFR Registry (Interventional Cardiology Research Incooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve). Circulation 2017; 135:2241-2251. [PMID: 28356440 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prognosis of deferred and revascularized coronary stenoses after fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement to assess its revascularization threshold in clinical practice. METHODS The IRIS-FFR registry (Interventional Cardiology Research In-cooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve) prospectively enrolled 5846 patients with ≥1coronary lesion with FFR measurement. Revascularization was deferred in 6468 lesions and performed in 2165 lesions after FFR assessment. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization) at a median follow-up of 1.9 years and analyzed on a per-lesion basis. A marginal Cox model accounted for correlated data in patients with multiple lesions, and a model to predict per-lesion outcomes was adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS For deferred lesions, the risk of major adverse cardiac events demonstrated a significant, inverse relationship with FFR (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.08; P<0.001). However, this relationship was not observed in revascularized lesions (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.02; P=0.70). For lesions with FFR ≥0.76, the risk of major adverse cardiac events was not significantly different between deferred and revascularized lesions. Conversely, in lesions with FFR ≤0.75, the risk of major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in revascularized lesions than in deferred lesions (for FFR 0.71-0.75, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.89; P=0.021; for FFR ≤0.70, adjusted hazard ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.84; P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS This large, prospective registry showed that the FFR value was linearly associated with the risk of cardiac events in deferred lesions. In addition, revascularization for coronary artery stenosis with a low FFR (≤0.75) was associated with better outcomes than the deferral, whereas for a stenosis with a high FFR (≥0.76), medical treatment would be a reasonable and safe treatment strategy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01366404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Ahn
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Jun Hong Kim
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - In-Ho Chae
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Jung-Han Yoon
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Sung-Ho Her
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Woo-Young Chung
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Sang-Yong Yoo
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Jin Bae Lee
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Si Wan Choi
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Kyungil Park
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Taek Jong Hong
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Minkyu Han
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Pil Hyung Lee
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Soo-Jin Kang
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Seung-Whan Lee
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Cheol Whan Lee
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- From Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (J.-M.A., D.-W.P., M.H., PH.L., S.-J.K., S.-W.L., Y.-H.K., C.W.L., S.-W.P., S.-J.P.); Ulsan University Hospital, South Korea (E.-S.S.); Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (B.-K.K.); Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea (C.-W.N.); Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.D.); Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.K.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea (I.-H.C.); Wonju Christian Hospital, South Korea (J.-H.Y.); The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.H.); The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, South Korea (K.-B.S.); Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea (W.-Y.C.); Gangneung Asan Hospital, South Korea (S.-Y.Y.); Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, South Korea (J.B.L.); Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea (S.W.C.); Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, South Korea (K.P.); Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (T.J.H.); and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea (S.Y.L.).
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