1
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Karasu M, Bolayır HA. Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38166811 PMCID: PMC10762812 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory markers may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of slow coronary flow (SCF), including subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), known for its role in immuno-inflammatory diseases, might hold significance in SCF. We aimed to explore the potential association between IL-34 and SCF in patients undergoing diagnostic elective coronary angiography. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study enrolled 256 participants: 124 with SCF and 132 with normal coronary flow (NCF). All participants had undergone outpatient coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease. SCF assessment employed the TIMI frame count (TFC) for quantifying coronary flow rate. RESULTS SCF patients exhibited significantly elevated TFC in all three major coronary arteries compared to controls (p < 0.05). IL-34 displayed a noteworthy positive correlation with average TFC [for all participants: r = 0.514, p < 0.001; for SCF patients: r = 0.526, p < 0.001; for normal controls: r = -0.288, p > 0.05]. Similarly, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) showed a significant and positive relationship with average TFC [for all participants: r = 0.504, p < 0.001; for SCF patients: r = 0.558, p < 0.001; for normal controls: r = -0.148, p > 0.05]. SCF patients presented coronary arteries of larger size compared to controls. CONCLUSION Mean coronary diameter and IL-34 emerged as independent predictors of SCF. Additionally, hsCRP, mean coronary diameter, and IL-34 exhibited a positive correlation with mean TFC values. IL-34 appears to be a more effective indicator than hsCRP in SCF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karasu
- Department of Cardiology, Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi, Elazıg, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ata Bolayır
- Department of Cardiology, Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Kardiyoloji ABD, Malatya, Turkey
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2
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Lin M, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Fang Y, Wu X, Yin A, Yang W, Zhang D, Li M, Zhang L, Ying S. Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:224-240. [PMID: 36562687 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2157283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that plays important roles at steady state and in diseases. The induced or inhibited expression of IL-34 by stimuli has been deeply investigated. However, the regulation of IL-34 basal expression is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-34 expression is regulated by a general transcription factor Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) at transcription level. By using bioinformatic software, four putative Sp1-binding sites overlapping GC boxes were found in the core promoter region of IL-34. Alignment of the core promoter sequences of mammalian IL-34 showed GC box-C (-62/-57) and D (-11/-6) were conserved in some mammals. Luciferase assay results showed that only deletion of GC box-C (-62/-57) significantly reduced luciferase activities of IL-34 core promoter in SH-SY5Y cells. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), it was found that Sp1 specifically interacted with GC box-C sequence CCCGCC (-62/-57) in the core promoter of IL-34. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), it was discovered that Sp1 bound to the core promoter of IL-34 in living cells. In addition, silencing of Sp1 expression by its specific siRNA reduced IL-34 mRNA and protein levels significantly in SH-SY5Y cells. Likewise, IL-34 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by a Sp1 inhibitor Plicamycin. Furthermore, silencing of Sp1 also downregulated mRNA and protein expression of IL-34 in GES-1 and 293T cell lines, suggesting that IL-34 transcription regulated by Sp1 was not cell-type specific. Taken together, these results indicate that Sp1 controls the basal level of IL-34 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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3
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Kaufmann CC, Ahmed A, Muthspiel M, Rostocki I, Pogran E, Zweiker D, Burger AL, Jäger B, Aicher G, Spiel AO, Vafai-Tabrizi F, Gschwantler M, Fasching P, Wojta J, Huber K. Association of Interleukin-32 and Interleukin-34 with Cardiovascular Disease and Short-Term Mortality in COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030975. [PMID: 36769623 PMCID: PMC9917403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality has been observed in patients with COVID-19. Both interleukin-32 (IL-32) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) have been hypothesized to contribute to CV involvement in COVID-19. METHODS This prospective, observational study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection was conducted from 6 June to 22 December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Vienna, Austria. IL-32 and IL-34 levels on admission were collected and tested for their association with CV disease and short-term mortality in patients with COVID-19. CV disease was defined by the presence of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke or atrial fibrillation and patients were stratified by CV disease burden. RESULTS A total of 245 eligible patients with COVID-19 were included, of whom 37 (15.1%) reached the primary endpoint of 28-day mortality. Of the total sample, 161 had no CV disease (65.7%), 69 had one or two CV diseases (28.2%) and 15 patients had ≥three CV diseases (6.1%). Median levels of IL-32 and IL-34 at admission were comparable across the three groups of CV disease burden. IL-32 and IL-34 failed to predict mortality upon both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The two CV disease groups, however, had a significantly higher risk of mortality within 28 days (one or two CV diseases: crude HR 4.085 (95% CI, 1.913-8.725), p < 0.001 and ≥three CV diseases: crude HR 13.173 (95% CI, 5.425-31.985), p < 0.001). This association persisted for those with ≥three CV diseases after adjustment for age, gender and CV risk factors (adjusted HR 3.942 (95% CI, 1.288-12.068), p = 0.016). CONCLUSION In our study population of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, IL-32 and IL-34 did not show any associations with CV disease or 28-day mortality in the context of COVID-19. Patients with multiple CV diseases, however, had a significantly increased risk of short-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph C. Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-49150-2301; Fax: +43-1-49150-2309
| | - Amro Ahmed
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Muthspiel
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Rostocki
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edita Pogran
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Zweiker
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Leo Burger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Aicher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander O. Spiel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Vafai-Tabrizi
- 2nd Medical Department with Pneumology and Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gschwantler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fasching
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for CV Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for CV Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Emerging Biomarkers for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Disease. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010230. [PMID: 36676179 PMCID: PMC9864006 DOI: 10.3390/life13010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is most frequently caused by the development and progression of atherosclerosis. When coronary arteries are afflicted, and the stenoses caused by atherosclerotic plaques are severe enough, the metabolic supply-and-offer balance is disturbed, leading to myocardial ischemia. If atherosclerotic plaques become unstable and local thrombosis develops, a myocardial infarction occurs. Sometimes, myocardial ischemia and infarction may result in significant and irreversible heart failure. To prevent severe complications, such as acute coronary syndromes and ischemia-related heart failure, extensive efforts have been made for developing biomarkers that would help identify patients at increased risk for cardiovascular events. In this two-part study, we attempted to provide a review of existing knowledge of blood biomarkers that may be used in this setting. The first part of this work was dedicated to conventional biomarkers, which are already used in clinical practice. In the second part, here presented, we discuss emerging biomarkers which have not yet become mainstream.
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5
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Ma J, Wu N, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Li C, Xie W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhong L. Prognostic value of interleukin-34 and interleukin-38 in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1072164. [PMID: 36698935 PMCID: PMC9868840 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1072164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-34 and IL-38 are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, their involvement in atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF-associated adverse events remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate their association with various AF prognostic factors in a cohort study and assessed their predictive value for the prognosis of patients with AF. Methods Patients with new-onset non-valvular AF were consecutively enrolled between 2013 and 2015 at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Southwest Hospital of the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) in Chongqing, China. The endpoints included stroke and all-cause mortality. The baseline levels of plasma IL-34, IL-38, NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and GDF-15 were measured and their correlation with AF-related adverse events were analyzed in a Cox proportional-hazards regression model. The C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the performance of the AF prognostic models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical net benefit of the original and modified models. Results A total of 299 patients with new-onset AF were enrolled. During the median follow-up time of 28 (IQR: 27, 29) months, the higher levels of IL-34 were associated with a lower risk of stroke, and the higher levels of IL-38 were associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (all adjusted P < 0.05). In addition, elevated hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with a higher risk of stroke and all-cause mortality (all adjusted P < 0.05). Furthermore, the CHA2DS2-VASc score combined with IL-38 and NT-proBNP significantly improved the C-statistic, IDI, and NRI (all P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference (all P > 0.05) in the discrimination power between the preference models and the ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history) score for the two prognostic outcomes. Conclusion Our results suggested that IL-34 and IL-38 were independently associated with stroke and all-cause mortality in patients with AF. Moreover, adding IL-38 and NT-proBNP to the CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved its predictive ability of AF-related all-cause death. Finally, the preference model performed equally well as the ABC score in predicting AF prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Ma
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiquan Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanxiu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Zhihui Zhang,
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Yafei Li,
| | - Li Zhong
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhong,
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6
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Boruah P, Deka N. Interleukin 34 in Disease Progressions: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:25-43. [PMID: 37943151 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
IL-34, a cytokine, discovered a decade before and is known to be a colony stimulating factor CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligand. Along with CSF-1R, it also interacts with syndecan-1 receptors and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-ζ). Hence, IL-34 takes part in a number of biological activities owing to its involvement in different signaling pathways. This review was done to analyze the recent studies on the functions of IL-34 in progression of diseases. The role of IL-34 under the physiological and pathological settings is studied by reviewing current data. In the last ten years, studies suggested that the IL-34 was involved in the regulation of morbid states such as inflammatory diseases, infections, transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, neurologic diseases, and cancer. In general, the involvement of IL-34 is observed in many serious health ailments like metabolic diseases, heart diseases, infections and even cancer. As such, IL-34 can be regarded as a therapeutic target, potential biomarker or as a therapeutic tool, which ought to be assessed in future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Boruah
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China; School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhita Deka
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
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7
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Katraki-Pavlou S, Kastana P, Bousis D, Ntenekou D, Varela A, Davos CH, Nikou S, Papadaki E, Tsigkas G, Athanasiadis E, Herradon G, Mikelis CM, Beis D, Papadimitriou E. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 deletion triggers defective heart morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 322:H8-H24. [PMID: 34767486 PMCID: PMC8754060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is a transmembrane
tyrosine phosphatase receptor highly expressed in embryonic stem cells. In the
present work, gene expression analyses of Ptprz1−/− and Ptprz1+/+ mice endothelial cells and hearts pointed to
an unidentified role of PTPRZ1 in heart development through the regulation of
heart-specific transcription factor genes. Echocardiography analysis in mice
identified that both systolic and diastolic functions are affected in Ptprz1−/− compared with Ptprz1+/+ hearts, based on a dilated left
ventricular (LV) cavity, decreased ejection fraction and fraction shortening,
and increased angiogenesis in Ptprz1−/−
hearts, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. A zebrafish ptprz1−/− knockout was also generated and exhibited
misregulated expression of developmental cardiac markers, bradycardia, and
defective heart morphogenesis characterized by enlarged ventricles and defected
contractility. A selective PTPRZ1 tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor affected
zebrafish heart development and function in a way like what is observed in the
ptprz1−/− zebrafish. The same
inhibitor had no effect in the function of the adult zebrafish heart, suggesting
that PTPRZ1 is not important for the adult heart function, in line with data
from the human cell atlas showing very low to negligible PTPRZ1 expression in
the adult human heart. However, in line with the animal models, Ptprz1 was expressed in many different cell types in
the human fetal heart, such as valvar, fibroblast-like, cardiomyocytes, and
endothelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PTPRZ1 regulates
cardiac morphogenesis in a way that subsequently affects heart function and
warrant further studies for the involvement of PTPRZ1 in idiopathic congenital
cardiac pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor
ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is expressed in fetal but not adult heart and seems
to affect heart development. In both mouse and zebrafish animal models, loss of
PTPRZ1 results in dilated left ventricle cavity, decreased ejection fraction,
and fraction shortening, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. PTPRZ1 also seems
to be involved in atrioventricular canal specification, outflow tract
morphogenesis, and heart angiogenesis. These results suggest that PTPRZ1 plays a
role in heart development and support the hypothesis that it may be involved in
congenital cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatiki Katraki-Pavlou
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bousis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Ntenekou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Grigorios Tsigkas
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Gonzalo Herradon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Seino KI. IL-34, the rationale of its expression in physiological and pathological condition. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101517. [PMID: 34774392 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-34 is a cytokine that shares one of its receptors with CSF-1. It has long been thought that CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) receives signals only from CSF-1, but the identification of IL-34 reversed this stereotype. Regardless of low structural homology, IL-34 and CSF-1 emanate similar downstream signaling through binding to CSF-1R and provoke similar but different physiological events afterward. In addition to CSF-1R, protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-ζ and Syndecan-1 were also identified as IL-34 receptors and shown to be at play. Although IL-34 expression is limited to particular tissues in physiological conditions, previous studies have revealed that it is upregulated in several diseases. In cancer, IL-34 is produced by several types of tumor cells and contributes to therapy resistance and disease progression. A recent study has demonstrated that tumor cell-derived IL-34 abrogates immunotherapy efficacy through myeloid cell remodeling. On the other hand, IL-34 expression is downregulated in some brain and dermal disorders. Despite accumulating insights, our understanding of IL-34 may not be even close to its nature. This review aims to comprehensively describe the physiological and pathological roles of IL-34 based on its similarity and differences to CSF-1 and discuss the rationale for its disease-dependent expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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Gusev E, Solomatina L, Zhuravleva Y, Sarapultsev A. The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111453. [PMID: 34768884 PMCID: PMC8584056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated with systemic changes of proinflammatory nature and dysfunctions of internal organs, skeletal muscles, and integumentary tissues. The common components of ESRD pathogenesis, regardless of the initial nosology, are (1) local (in the kidneys) and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation (ChLGI) as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and its progression to ESRD, (2) inflammation of the classical type characteristic of primary and secondary autoimmune glomerulonephritis and infectious recurrent pyelonephritis, as well as immune reactions in kidney allograft rejection, and (3) chronic systemic inflammation (ChSI), pathogenetically characterized by latent microcirculatory disorders and manifestations of paracoagulation. The development of ChSI is closely associated with programmed hemodialysis in ESRD, as well as with the systemic autoimmune process. Consideration of ESRD pathogenesis from the standpoint of the theory of general pathological processes opens up the scope not only for particular but also for universal approaches to conducting pathogenetic therapies and diagnosing and predicting systemic complications in severe nephropathies.
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10
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Kolur V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti S, Tengli A. Identification of candidate biomarkers and therapeutic agents for heart failure by bioinformatics analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:329. [PMID: 34218797 PMCID: PMC8256614 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome and affects millions of people all over the world. HF occurs when the cardiac overload and injury, which is a worldwide complaint. The aim of this study was to screen and verify hub genes involved in developmental HF as well as to explore active drug molecules. METHODS The expression profiling by high throughput sequencing of GSE141910 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contained 366 samples, including 200 heart failure samples and 166 non heart failure samples. The raw data was integrated to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and were further analyzed with bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and REACTOME enrichment analyses were performed via ToppGene; protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs was constructed based on data from the HiPPIE interactome database; modules analysis was performed; target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed and analyzed; hub genes were validated; molecular docking studies was performed. RESULTS A total of 881 DEGs, including 442 up regulated genes and 439 down regulated genes were observed. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in biological adhesion, extracellular matrix, signaling receptor binding, secretion, intrinsic component of plasma membrane, signaling receptor activity, extracellular matrix organization and neutrophil degranulation. The top hub genes ESR1, PYHIN1, PPP2R2B, LCK, TP63, PCLAF, CFTR, TK1, ECT2 and FKBP5 were identified from the PPI network. Module analysis revealed that HF was associated with adaptive immune system and neutrophil degranulation. The target genes, miRNAs and TFs were identified from the target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and RT-PCR analysis revealed that ESR1, PYHIN1, PPP2R2B, LCK, TP63, PCLAF, CFTR, TK1, ECT2 and FKBP5 might serve as prognostic, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic target for HF. The predicted targets of these active molecules were then confirmed. CONCLUSION The current investigation identified a series of key genes and pathways that might be involved in the progression of HF, providing a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakrishna Kolur
- Vihaan Heart Care & Super Specialty Centre, Vivekananda General Hospital, Deshpande Nagar, Hubli, Karnataka, 580029, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Biochemistry, Basaveshwar College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, 582103, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivakumar Kotturshetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - Anandkumar Tengli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
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11
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Meng X, Wang Y, Tang X, Gu J, Fu Y. Self-management on heart failure: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102176. [PMID: 34186372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heart failure (HF) is a severe public health problem all over the World. Self-management is an effective method to progress self-care ability. However, the role of self-management in heart failure has not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS The research articles related to heart failure were searched by the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, and China National Knowledge Database on articles published through March 2020. The average 95% of confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate using random-effects or fixed-effects. Review Manager (version 5.2) was adopted for meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis. RESULTS Eight (8) eligible studies with 1707 patients with HF were included in this analysis. In the Meta-analysis showed significant differences for Self-management (SM) groups in Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale (DHFK) (MD = 1.36, 95%CI [-0.03, 2.75], P = 0.04; I2 = 83%), in Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) (MD = 5.51, 95%CI [0.62, 10.40], P = 0.03; I2 = 70%), and in Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (SEMCDI) (I2 = 47%, Z = 5.43, P of over effect < 0.0001) than control groups. One bias is detected as attrition bias, and another one is reporting bias. Sensitivity analysis satisfied the stability of the results. CONCLUSION Self-management was associated with significant outcomes in patients with HF through knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianfang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yonghua Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Huang X, Li F, Yang T, Li H, Liu T, Wang Y, Xu M, Yan L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu L, Geng D. Increased serum interleukin-34 levels as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577652. [PMID: 34217885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data reveal that interleukin-34 (IL-34) can drive inflammatory response, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the potential effect of IL-34 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the levels of serum IL-34 were correlated with clinical severity or prognosis in AIS patients. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, serum IL-34 levels were detected in 150 healthy controls and 155 AIS patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of IL-34 on the diagnosis and prognosis of AIS. ROC curve was utilized to evaluate predictive values for IL-34. RESULTS Serum IL-34 levels at admission were significantly higher in AIS patients than those in the healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that IL-34 was an independent predictor of occurrence and functional outcome of AIS. The ROC curve demonstrated that IL-34 had a good predictive effect on the diagnosis and prognosis of AIS. CONCLUSIONS IL-34 can be used as a novel and independent diagnostic and predicting prognostic biomarker in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisha Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Lab of Infection and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang Y, Cao J, Kong X, Wang S, Meng L, Wang Y. The effects of CPET-guided cardiac rehabilitation on the cardiopulmonary function, the exercise endurance, and the NT-proBNP and hscTnT levels in CHF patients. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7104-7114. [PMID: 34306470 PMCID: PMC8290646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on the cardiopulmonary function, the exercise endurance, and the NT-proBNP and hscTnT levels in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. METHODS Altogether 98 patients with CHF were randomly divided into a control group and a CPET group, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was administered routine treatment, and the CPET group was administered CPET cardiac rehabilitation training in addition to the routine treatment. Heart and lung function, exercise endurance, and the peripheral blood NTproBNP, hscTnT, and CRP levels were observed. The patients' quality of life, anxiety, and depression were observed using the scale. RESULTS After the treatment, the left ventricular end systolic diameters (LVESD) and the left ventricular end diastolic diameters (LVEDD) were significantly decreased, the left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), the stroke volumes (SV), and the CI levels were significantly increased, and there were significant differences in these indexes between the CPET group and the control group (all P<0.05). After the treatment, the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope (VE/VCO2slop) decreased significantly, the peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) and anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption (VO2AT) levels increased significantly, and there were significant differences in these indicators between the CPET group and the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the exercise endurance, the maximum oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max), the maximum power, the exhaustion times, and the six-minute walking test (6MWT) levels in the CPET group increased significantly (all P<0.05). After the treatment, the N-terminal precursor brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), the high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hscTnT), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the two groups were decreased compared with their pre-treatment levels, and there were significant differences in these indexes between the CPET group and the control group (all P<0.05). After the treatment, the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ), the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores in the two groups were significantly lower than they were before the treatment, and there were significant differences in the two scores between the CPET group and the control group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION CPET for patients with CHF helps increase heart and lung function, improves exercise endurance, reduces the NT-proBNP and hscTnT levels, and improves patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingli Cao
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease in Intensive Care Unit, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangwen Kong
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shangwei Wang
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease in Intensive Care Unit, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Rizhao International Heart HospitalRizhao, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Freuchet A, Salama A, Remy S, Guillonneau C, Anegon I. IL-34 and CSF-1, deciphering similarities and differences at steady state and in diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:771-796. [PMID: 33600012 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1120-773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IL-34 and CSF-1 share actions as key mediators of monocytes/macrophages survival and differentiation, they also display differences that should be identified to better define their respective roles in health and diseases. IL-34 displays low sequence homology with CSF-1 but has a similar general structure and they both bind to a common receptor CSF-1R, although binding and subsequent intracellular signaling shows differences. CSF-1R expression has been until now mainly described at a steady state in monocytes/macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, as well as in some cancers. IL-34 has also 2 other receptors, protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPζ) and CD138 (Syndecan-1), expressed in some epithelium, cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in numerous cancers. While most, if not all, of CSF-1 actions are mediated through monocyte/macrophages, IL-34 has also other potential actions through PTPζ and CD138. Additionally, IL-34 and CSF-1 are produced by different cells in different tissues. This review describes and discusses similarities and differences between IL-34 and CSF-1 at steady state and in pathological situations and identifies possible ways to target IL-34, CSF-1, and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Freuchet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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15
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Lelios I, Cansever D, Utz SG, Mildenberger W, Stifter SA, Greter M. Emerging roles of IL-34 in health and disease. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133604. [PMID: 31940023 PMCID: PMC7062519 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and are present in every organ of the body. They fulfill critical roles in tissue homeostasis and development and are involved in various pathologies. An essential factor for the development, homeostasis, and function of mononuclear phagocytes is the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), which has two known ligands: CSF-1 and interleukin-34 (IL-34). While CSF-1 has been extensively studied, the biology and functions of IL-34 are only now beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss recent advances of IL-34 biology in health and disease with a specific focus on mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lelios
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Mildenberger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Fan Q, Tao R, Zhang H, Xie H, Xi R, Wang F, Xu Y, Zhang R, Yan X, Gu G. Interleukin-34 Levels Were Associated with Prognosis in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int Heart J 2019; 60:1259-1267. [PMID: 31735773 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory factors have specific value in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our previous studies have identified the prognostic value of interleukin (IL)-34 during chronic heart failure. However, the potential impact of IL-34 on AMI remains unknown.Serum IL-34 was measured in 287 AMI patients, and they were followed up for the composite endpoint, including cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke.IL-34 levels were significantly associated with the presence of heart failure at baseline and its aggravation after a year. During the five-year follow-up, there was a significant increase in the risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.12-1.70], P < 0.01) and cardiovascular death (HR 1.48 [95%CI 1.03-2.27], P = 0.03) after full adjustment as IL-34 levels increased.Higher IL-34 levels in the acute phase were associated with an increased risk of heart failure after MI and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Hongyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Gang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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17
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Immunomodulation of Interleukin-34 and its Potential Significance as a Disease Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1835-1845. [PMID: 31523186 PMCID: PMC6743287 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-34 is a cytokine discovered a few years ago and identified as the second colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligand. Although CSF-1 and IL-34 share the same receptor through which they trigger similar effects, IL-34 also binds to receptors protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-ζ and syndecan-1. Thus, IL-34 is involved in several signaling pathways and participates in a wide array of biological actions. This review analyzes current studies on the role of IL-34 under physiological and pathological conditions, and explores its potential significance as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target. In physiological conditions, IL-34 expression is restricted to the microglia and Langerhans cells, with a fundamental role in cellular differentiation, adhesion and migration, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. It is released in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pro-inflammatory cytokines, with effects over various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells that shape the immune microenvironment. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has suggested a potent immune regulation of IL-34 in pathological states such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplant rejection, neurologic diseases, infections, and inflammatory diseases. Importantly, IL-34 may hold great promise for acting as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity and progression, and may serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of several diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ge Y, Huang M, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Biological functions and clinical implications of interleukin-34 in inflammatory diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:39-63. [PMID: 31997772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently discovered cytokine and ligand of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor. Although CSF-1 and IL-34 share similar biological properties, their expression patterns and downstream signaling pathways are distinct. IL-34 can influence differentiation and has functions in multiple cell types (e.g., dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages). In the pathological conditions, IL-34 is induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli (e.g., cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and infection). Current evidence shows that IL-34 is a critical player in inflammatory response and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune dysfunction. Therefore, IL-34 may be a promising clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for treating inflammatory related disorders. In this article, we review the advances in biological functions of IL-34 and our understanding of its role in the development of inflammatory diseases as well as therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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19
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Peters KM, Wilson RB, Borradaile NM. Non-parenchymal hepatic cell lipotoxicity and the coordinated progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:417-422. [PMID: 30015675 PMCID: PMC6125757 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) appears to be independently associated with the development of atherosclerosis. The biological mechanisms underlying this association are complex, and likely involve liver-resident cell types other than hepatocytes. Thus, we review recent evidence that non-parenchymal hepatic cell responses to lipid excess contribute to the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Significant independent associations between NAFLD and atherosclerosis have been identified through cross-sectional studies and meta-analyses. Mechanistic studies in cell cultures and in rodent models suggest that liver-resident macrophages, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) mount lipotoxic responses under NAFLD conditions which can contribute to the progression of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. SUMMARY Non-parenchymal hepatic cell types exhibit some similarity in their responses to lipid excess, and in their pathogenic mechanisms, which likely contribute to the coordinated progression of NAFLD and atherosclerosis. In response to lipotoxic conditions, macrophages, Kupffer cells and HSC initiate robust inflammatory responses, whereas LSEC generate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extent to which inflammatory cytokines and ROS produced by non-parenchymal cells contribute to the progression of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis warrants further investigation.
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Baghdadi M, Umeyama Y, Hama N, Kobayashi T, Han N, Wada H, Seino KI. Interleukin-34, a comprehensive review. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:931-951. [PMID: 30066957 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1117-457r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-34 is a novel cytokine that was identified in 2008 in a comprehensive proteomic analysis as a tissue-specific ligand of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R). IL-34 exists in all vertebrates including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, showing high conservation among species. Structurally, IL-34 belongs to the short-chain helical hematopoietic cytokine family but shows no apparent consensus structural domains, motifs, or sequence homology with other cytokines. IL-34 is synthesized as a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that binds to the extracellular domains of CSF-1R and receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta (PTP-ζ) in addition to the chondroitin sulfate chains of syndecan-1. These interactions result in activating several signaling pathways that regulate major cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, metabolism, and cytokine/chemokine expression in addition to cellular adhesion and migration. In the steady state, IL-34 contributes to the development and maintenance of specific myeloid cell subsets in a tissue-specific manner: Langerhans cells in the skin and microglia in the brain. In pathological conditions, changes in IL-34 expression-increased or decreased-are involved in disease pathogenesis and correlate with progression, severity, and chronicity. One decade after its discovery, IL-34 has been introduced as a newcomer to the big family of interleukins with specific physiological functions, critical pathological roles, and promising clinical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we celebrate the 10th anniversary of IL-34 discovery, introducing its biological characteristics, and discussing the importance of IL-34 signaling network in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yui Umeyama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanumi Han
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Xi R, Fan Q, Yan X, Zhang H, Xie H, Gu G, Xu Y, Wang F, Tao R. Increased Serum Interleukin-34 Levels Are Related to the Presence and Severity of Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 30050466 PMCID: PMC6050385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several inflammatory factors have been demonstrated with diagnostic or prognostic value in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Interleukin 34 (IL-34), an additional ligand of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), has been identified as a biomarker of coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the potential effect of IL-34 in ICM remains unknown. Methods: Serum IL-34 levels were detected in 360 subjects with ICM and in 465 subjects without ICM; the latter group included 233 controls without CAD and 232 patients with CAD and normal cardiac function. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between IL-34 and ICM. Results: IL-34 levels were significantly increased in patients with ICM compared with both groups of subjects without ICM (122.52 ± 115.30 vs. 95.02 ± 101.43 vs. 82.57 ± 84.24 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). Moreover, serum IL-34 level was significantly positively correlated to NT-proBNP level (r = 0.223, P < 0.001), left ventricular end diastolic diameter and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, indicating that a higher IL-34 level reflects more severe heart failure (HF). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that IL-34 was remarkably associated with the presence and severity of ICM after adjusting for age, sex, conventional risk factors as well as medication [odds ratio (OR): 1.501, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.249–1.803, P < 0.001, per SD increase]. The predictive value of IL-34 value remained significant in patients already diagnosed with CAD. Conclusion: Increased IL-34 levels are relevant to the presence and severity of ischemic HF in all subjects and in patients with CAD. IL-34 may be used as a novel clinical biomarker of ICM with predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Kumari A, Silakari O, Singh RK. Recent advances in colony stimulating factor-1 receptor/c-FMS as an emerging target for various therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:662-679. [PMID: 29679908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is one of the most common proinflammatory cytokine responsible for various inflammatory disorders. It has a remarkable role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis, cancer and other autoimmune disease conditions. The CSF-1 acts by binding to the receptor, called colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) also known as c-FMS resulting in the cascade of signalling pathway causing cell proliferation and differentiation. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), recently identified as another ligand for CSF-IR, is a cytokine protein. Both, CSF-1 and IL-34, although two distinct cytokines, follow the similar signalling pathway on binding to the same receptor, CSF-1R. Like CSF-1, IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocyte, macrophages and osteoclasts. This CSF-1R/c-FMS is over expressed in many cancers and on tumour associated macrophages, consequently, have been exploited as a drug target for promising treatment for cancer and inflammatory diseases. Some CSF-1R/c-FMS inhibitors such as ABT-869, Imatinib, AG013736, JNJ-40346527, PLX3397, DCC-3014 and Ki20227 have been successfully used in these disease conditions. Many c-FMS inhibitors have been the candidates of clinical trials, but suffer from some side effects like cardiotoxicity, vomiting, swollen eyes, diarrhoea, etc. If selectivity of cFMS inhibition is achieved successfully, side effects can be overruled and this approach may become a novel therapy for treatment of various therapeutic interventions. Thus, successful targeting of c-FMS may result in multifunctional therapy. With this background of information, the present review focuses on the recent developments in the area of CSF-1R/c-FMS inhibitors with emphasis on crystal structure, mechanism of action and various therapeutic implications in which c-FMS plays a pivotal role. The review on structure activity relationship of various compounds acting as the inhibitors of c-FMS which gives the selection criteria for the development of novel molecules is also being presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Dist. Hoshiarpur, 146104, Punjab, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, 147002, Patiala, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India.
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23
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Baghdadi M, Endo H, Tanaka Y, Wada H, Seino KI. Interleukin 34, from pathogenesis to clinical applications. Cytokine 2017; 99:139-147. [PMID: 28886491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a hematopoietic cytokine that was described for the first time in 2008 as a second ligand of CSF1R in addition to M-CSF. IL-34 and M-CSF share no sequence homology, but have similar functions, affecting the biology of myeloid cell lineage. In contrast to M-CSF, IL-34 shows unique signaling and expression patterns. Physiologically, IL-34 expression is restricted to epidermis and CNS, acting as a regulator of Langerhans cells and microglia, respectively. However, IL-34 expression can be induced and regulated by NF-κB under pathological conditions. Importantly, growing evidence indicates a correlation between IL-34 and disease severity, chronicity and progression. In addition to its promising roles as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of disease, IL-34 may also serve as a powerful target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the emerging roles of IL-34 in disease, and focus on the clinical applications of IL-34 in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Hiraku Endo
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yoshino Tanaka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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