1
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Vachon L, Jean G, Milasan A, Babran S, Lacroix E, Guadarrama Bello D, Villeneuve L, Rak J, Nanci A, Mihalache-Avram T, Tardif JC, Finnerty V, Ruiz M, Boilard E, Tessier N, Martel C. Platelet extracellular vesicles preserve lymphatic endothelial cell integrity and enhance lymphatic vessel function. Commun Biol 2024; 7:975. [PMID: 39128945 PMCID: PMC11317532 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are essential for preventing the accumulation of harmful components within peripheral tissues, including the artery wall. Various endogenous mechanisms maintain adequate lymphatic function throughout life, with platelets being essential for preserving lymphatic vessel integrity. However, since lymph lacks platelets, their impact on the lymphatic system has long been viewed as restricted to areas where lymphatics intersect with blood vessels. Nevertheless, platelets can also exert long range effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) upon activation. We observed that platelet EVs (PEVs) are present in lymph, a compartment to which they could transfer regulatory effects of platelets. Here, we report that PEVs in lymph exhibit a distinct signature enabling them to interact with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In vitro experiments show that the internalization of PEVs by LECs maintains their functional integrity. Treatment with PEVs improves lymphatic contraction capacity in atherosclerosis-prone mice. We suggest that boosting lymphatic pumping with exogenous PEVs offers a novel therapeutic approach for chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by defective lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vachon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriel Jean
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Babran
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lacroix
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University and Research, Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics platform, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nolwenn Tessier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.
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2
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Zhang Z, Yan M, Li Y, Pan Y, Wang S, Xu M, Zhou H, Liu X. The indicative effects of apolipoproteins on organic erectile dysfunction: bridging Mendelian randomization and case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359015. [PMID: 38938512 PMCID: PMC11208309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing research on the association between apolipoproteins (Apos) and erectile dysfunction (ED) primarily relies on observational studies and does not distinguish between organic and psychogenic causes when diagnosing ED. It is difficult to believe that Apos play a role in psychogenic ED. To address these issues, our study explored the causal relationship between lipoproteins and ED using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and differentiate between organic and psychogenic ED through the use of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) monitoring. Multivariate MR analysis revealed significant causal associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apo A1, and Apo B/A1 with ED (OR and 95% CI were 0.33 (0.14-0.78), 3.58 (1.52-8.43), and 0.30 (0.13-0.66)). we conducted statistical and analytical analyses on the data of 212 patients using multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Patients with organic ED had significantly lower levels of HDL, Apo A1 and Apo A1/B, whereas patients with organic ED had considerably higher levels of Apo B and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The diagnostic value of Apos in predicting the risk of organic ED was evaluated using ROC curves. The results indicated that Apo A1 and Apo A1/B demonstrated good predictive value. HDL, Apo A1, and Apo A1/B have been identified as risk factors for ED in our study. Furthermore, our research highlights the significance of Apo A1 and Apo A1/Apo B in the development of organic ED and suggests their potential use as indicators to assess the risks associated with organic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mo Yan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuezheng Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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3
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Cooper STE, Lokman AB, Riley PR. Role of the Lymphatics in Cardiac Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1181-1190. [PMID: 38634279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the largest cause of death worldwide with recent evidence increasingly attributing the development and progression of these diseases to an exacerbated inflammatory response. As a result, significant research is now focused on modifying the immune environment to prevent the disease progression. This in turn has highlighted the lymphatic system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases owing, in part, to its established function in immune cell surveillance and trafficking. In this review, we highlight the role of the cardiac lymphatic system and its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic target in selected cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna T E Cooper
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam B Lokman
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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4
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The Impact of Stem/Progenitor Cells on Lymphangiogenesis in Vascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244056. [PMID: 36552820 PMCID: PMC9776475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as the main tube network of fluid drainage and leukocyte transfer, are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and pathological repairment. Recently, by using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, significant cognitive progress has been made about the impact of stem/progenitor cells during lymphangiogenesis. In the embryonic stage, the lymphatic network is primarily formed through self-proliferation and polarized-sprouting from the lymph sacs. However, the assembly of lymphatic stem/progenitor cells also guarantees the sustained growth of lymphvasculogenesis to obtain the entire function. In addition, there are abundant sources of stem/progenitor cells in postnatal tissues, including circulating progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue stem cells, which can directly differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and participate in lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, recent reports indicated a novel function of lymphangiogenesis in transplant arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarized the latest evidence about the diversity and incorporation of stem/progenitor cells in lymphatic vasculature during both the embryonic and postnatal stages, with emphasis on the impact of lymphangiogenesis in the development of vascular diseases to provide a rational guidance for future research.
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5
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Zhong J, Yang HC, Shelton EL, Matsusaka T, Clark AJ, Yermalitsky V, Mashhadi Z, May-Zhang LS, Linton MF, Fogo AB, Kirabo A, Davies SS, Kon V. Dicarbonyl-modified lipoproteins contribute to proteinuric kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161878. [PMID: 36125905 PMCID: PMC9675465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including isolevuglandin (IsoLG), produces dysfunctional particles. Kidneys participate in lipoprotein metabolism, including tubular uptake. However, the process beyond the proximal tubule is unclear, as is the effect of kidney injury on this pathway. We found that patients and animals with proteinuric injury have increased urinary apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), IsoLG, and IsoLG adduct enrichment of the urinary apoAI fraction compared with other proteins. Proteinuric mice, induced by podocyte-specific injury, showed more tubular absorption of IsoLG-apoAI and increased expression of lipoprotein transporters in proximal tubular cells compared with uninjured animals. Renal lymph reflects composition of the interstitial compartment and showed increased apoAI and IsoLG in proteinuric animals, supporting a tubular cell-interstitium-lymph pathway for renal handling of lipoproteins. IsoLG-modified apoAI was not only a marker of renal injury but also directly damaged renal cells. IsoLG-apoAI increased inflammatory cytokines in cultured tubular epithelial cells (TECs), activated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and caused greater contractility of renal lymphatic vessels than unmodified apoAI. In vivo, inhibition of IsoLG by a dicarbonyl scavenger reduced both albuminuria and urinary apoAI and decreased TEC and LEC injury, lymphangiogenesis, and interstitial fibrosis. Our results indicate that IsoLG-modified apoAI is, to our knowledge, a novel pathogenic mediator and therapeutic target in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Zahra Mashhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
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6
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Abstract
The lymphatic vessels play an essential role in maintaining immune and fluid homeostasis and in the transport of dietary lipids. The discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell-specific markers facilitated the visualization and mechanistic analysis of lymphatic vessels over the past two decades. As a result, lymphatic vessels have emerged as a crucial player in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, as demonstrated by worsened disease progression caused by perturbations to lymphatic function. In this review, we discuss the major findings on the role of lymphatic vessels in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshnapriya Balasubbramanian
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
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8
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Singla B, Aithabathula RV, Kiran S, Kapil S, Kumar S, Singh UP. Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function. Cells 2022; 11:1750. [PMID: 35681445 PMCID: PMC9179518 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is pivotal for immunosurveillance and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing vessels, has both physiological and pathological roles. Recent advances in the molecular mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis have opened a new area of research on reparative lymphangiogenesis for the treatment of various pathological disorders comprising neurological disorders, cardiac repair, autoimmune disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, etc. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the various cell types serve as signaling molecules in several cellular mechanisms and regulate various aspects of growth-factor-mediated responses, including lymphangiogenesis. The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment. Low ROS levels are essential for lymphangiogenesis. On the contrary, oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation and/or reduced levels of antioxidants suppresses lymphangiogenesis via promoting lymphatic endothelial cell apoptosis and death. In this review article, we provide an overview of types and sources of ROS, discuss the role of ROS in governing lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function, and summarize the role of lymphatics in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Ravi Varma Aithabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Shweta Kapil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
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9
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Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Edema and Hypertrophic Remodeling through Lymphatic-Dependent Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5044046. [PMID: 35222798 PMCID: PMC8881141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5044046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and integrity play an essential role in maintaining tissue fluid balance. Inhibition of lymphatic lymphangiogenesis is involved in cardiac edema and cardiac remodeling after ischemic injury or pressure overload. However, whether lymphatic vessel integrity is disrupted during angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced cardiac remodeling remains to be investigated. In this study, cardiac remodeling models were established by Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) in VEGFR-3 knockdown (Lyve-1Cre VEGFR-3f/−) and wild-type (VEGFR-3f/f) littermates. Our results indicated that Ang II infusion not only induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis and upregulation of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression in the time-dependent manner but also enhanced proteasome activity, MKP5 and VE-cadherin degradation, p38 MAPK activation, and lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability. Moreover, VEGFR-3 knockdown significantly inhibited cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice, resulting in exacerbation of tissue edema, hypertrophy, fibrosis superoxide production, inflammation, and heart failure (HF). Conversely, administration of epoxomicin (a selective proteasome inhibitor) markedly mitigated Ang II-induced cardiac edema, remodeling, and dysfunction; upregulated MKP5 and VE-cadherin expression; inactivated p38 MAPK; and reduced lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability in WT mice, indicating that inhibition of proteasome activity is required to maintain lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) integrity. Our results show that both cardiac lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic barrier hyperpermeability are implicated in Ang II-induced adaptive hypertrophic remodeling and dysfunction. Proteasome-mediated hyperpermeability of LEC junctions plays a predominant role in the development of cardiac remodeling. Selective stimulation of lymphangiogenesis or inhibition of proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic option for treating hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling.
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10
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The Role of the VEGF Family in Atherosclerosis Development and Its Potential as Treatment Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020931. [PMID: 35055117 PMCID: PMC8781560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the crucial regulator of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation, is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and further CVDs (cardiovascular diseases). This review discusses the general regulation and functions of VEGFs, their role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis development and progression. These functions present the great potential of applying the VEGF family as a target in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. In addition, we discuss several modern anti-atherosclerosis VEGFs-targeted experimental procedures, drugs and natural compounds, which could significantly improve the efficiency of atherosclerosis and related CVDs' treatment.
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11
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Cooper S, Wilmarth PA, Cunliffe JM, Klimek J, Pang J, Tassi Yunga S, Minnier J, Reddy A, David L, Aslan JE. Platelet proteome dynamics in hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:473-485. [PMID: 34677084 PMCID: PMC8616595 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00078.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernating mammals undergo a dramatic drop in temperature and blood flow during torpor, yet avoid stasis blood clotting through mechanisms that remain unspecified. The effects of hibernation on hemostasis are especially complex, as cold temperatures generally activate platelets, resulting in platelet clearance and cold storage lesions in the context of blood transfusion. With a hibernating body temperature of 4°C-8°C, 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) provide a model to study hemostasis as well as platelet cold storage lesion resistance during hibernation. Here, we quantified and systematically compared proteomes of platelets collected from ground squirrels at summer (active), fall (entrance), and winter (topor) to elucidate how molecular-level changes in platelets may support hemostatic adaptations in torpor. Platelets were isolated from a total of 11 squirrels in June, October, and January. Platelet lysates from each animal were digested with trypsin prior to 11-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis for relative protein quantification. We measured >700 proteins with significant variations in abundance in platelets over the course of entrance, torpor, and activity-including systems of proteins regulating translation, secretion, metabolism, complement, and coagulation cascades. We also noted species-specific differences in levels of hemostatic, secretory, and inflammatory regulators in ground squirrel platelets relative to human platelets. Altogether, we provide the first ever proteomic characterization of platelets from hibernating animals, where systematic changes in metabolic, hemostatic, and other proteins may account for physiological adaptations in torpor and also inform translational effort to improve cold storage of human platelets for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cooper
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer M Cunliffe
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Klimek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ashok Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Larry David
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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12
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Feng X, Du M, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wang Y, Liu P. The Role of Lymphangiogenesis in Coronary Atherosclerosis. Lymphat Res Biol 2021; 20:290-301. [PMID: 34714136 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2021.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic circulation, a one-way channel system independent of blood circulation, collects interstitial fluid in a blind-end way. Existing widely in various organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels play important roles in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis, regulating immune function, and promoting lipid transport. Recent studies have shown clear evidence that lymphangiogenesis has a strong mutual effect on coronary atherosclerosis (AS). In this study, we focus on this topic, especially in the aspects of relevant ligand/receptor, inflammation, and adipose metabolism. For the moment, however, the role of lymphangiogenesis and remodeling in coronary AS still remains controversial. The studies of our group and accumulating published evidence show that the pathological remodeling of lymphatic vessels in coronary AS may have a negative effect, but normal functional lymphangiogenesis is probably beneficial to the regression of coronary AS. Thus, the conclusion of this review is that lymphatic vessel function rather than its quantity determines its influence in AS, which needs more evidence to support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Feng
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Tessier N, Moawad F, Amri N, Brambilla D, Martel C. Focus on the Lymphatic Route to Optimize Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1200. [PMID: 34452161 PMCID: PMC8398144 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While oral agents have been the gold standard for cardiovascular disease therapy, the new generation of treatments is switching to other administration options that offer reduced dosing frequency and more efficacy. The lymphatic network is a unidirectional and low-pressure vascular system that is responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluids, molecules, and cells from the peripheral tissue, including the skin and the intestines. Targeting the lymphatic route for drug delivery employing traditional or new technologies and drug formulations is exponentially gaining attention in the quest to avoid the hepatic first-pass effect. The present review will give an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the lymphatic vessels in drug delivery in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Tessier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Fatma Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nada Amri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
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14
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Hypercholesterolemia and Lymphatic Defects: The Chicken or the Egg? Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701229. [PMID: 34250049 PMCID: PMC8262609 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are necessary for maintaining tissue fluid balance, trafficking of immune cells, and transport of dietary lipids. Growing evidence suggest that lymphatic functions are limited under hypercholesterolemic conditions, which is closely related to atherosclerotic development involving the coronary and other large arteries. Indeed, ablation of lymphatic systems by Chy-mutation as well as depletion of lymphangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D, in mice perturbs lipoprotein composition to augment hypercholesterolemia. Several investigations have reported that periarterial microlymphatics were attracted by atheroma-derived lymphangiogenic factors, which facilitated lymphatic invasion into the intima of atherosclerotic lesions, thereby modifying immune cell trafficking. In contrast to the lipomodulatory and immunomodulatory roles of the lymphatic systems, the critical drivers of lymphangiogenesis and the details of lymphatic insults under hypercholesterolemic conditions have not been fully elucidated. Interestingly, cholesterol-lowering trials enable hypercholesterolemic prevention of lymphatic drainage in mice; however, a causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and lymphatic defects remains elusive. In this review, the contribution of aberrant lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic cholesterol transport to hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis was highlighted. The causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and lymphatic insults as well as the current achievements in the field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Yeo KP, Lim HY, Angeli V. Leukocyte Trafficking via Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061344. [PMID: 34072313 PMCID: PMC8229118 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lymphatic vessels have received increasing attention and our understanding of their development and functional roles in health and diseases has greatly improved. It has become clear that lymphatic vessels are critically involved in acute and chronic inflammation and its resolution by supporting the transport of immune cells, fluid, and macromolecules. As we will discuss in this review, the involvement of lymphatic vessels has been uncovered in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries causing deadly cardiovascular complications worldwide. The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with morphological and functional alterations in lymphatic vessels draining the diseased artery. These defects in the lymphatic vasculature impact the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by affecting immune cell trafficking, lymphoid neogenesis, and clearance of macromolecules in the arterial wall. Based on these new findings, we propose that targeting lymphatic function could be considered in conjunction with existing drugs as a treatment option for atherosclerosis.
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16
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Apolipoprotein-AI and AIBP synergetic anti-inflammation as vascular diseases therapy: the new perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3065-3078. [PMID: 33811580 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular diseases (VDs) including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis (AS) and coronary arterial diseases (CADs) contribute to the higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) binding protein (AIBP) and Apo-AI negatively correlate with VDs. However, the mechanism by which AIBP and apo-AI regulate VDs still remains unexplained. Here, we provide an overview of the role of AIBP and apo-AI regulation of vascular diseases molecular mechanisms such as vascular energy homeostasis imbalance, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in VDs. In addition, the role of AIBP and apo-AI in endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) and immune cells activation in the pathogenesis of VDs are explained. The in-depth understanding of AIBP and apo-AI function in the vascular system may lead to the discovery of VDs therapy.
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17
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Burger F, Miteva K, Baptista D, Roth A, Fraga-Silva RA, Martel C, Stergiopulos N, Mach F, Brandt KJ. Follicular regulatory helper T cells control the response of regulatory B cells to a high-cholesterol diet. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:743-755. [PMID: 32219371 PMCID: PMC7898950 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS B cell functions in the process of atherogenesis have been investigated but several aspects remain to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we show that follicular regulatory helper T cells (TFR) control regulatory B cell (BREG) populations in Apoe-/- mice models on a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Feeding mice with HCD resulted in up-regulation of TFR and BREG cell populations, causing the suppression of proatherogenic follicular helper T cell (TFH) response. TFH cell modulation is correlated with the growth of atherosclerotic plaque size in thoracoabdominal aortas and aortic root plaques, suggesting that TFR cells are atheroprotective. During adoptive transfer experiments, TFR cells transferred into HCD mice decreased TFH cell populations, atherosclerotic plaque size, while BREG cell population and lymphangiogenesis are significantly increased. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that, through different strategies, both TFR and TFH cells modulate anti- and pro-atherosclerotic immune processes in an Apoe-/- mice model since TFR cells are able to regulate both TFH and BREG cell populations as well as lymphangiogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, Dietary
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- T Follicular Helper Cells/immunology
- T Follicular Helper Cells/metabolism
- T Follicular Helper Cells/transplantation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kapka Miteva
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Baptista
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Aline Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5000, Belanger St, Room S5100, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Karim J Brandt
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine Specialized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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18
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33591433 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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19
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Zhou Y, Huang C, Hu Y, Xu Q, Hu X. Lymphatics in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e275-e283. [PMID: 33085520 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijiang Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengchen Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Milasan A, Farhat M, Martel C. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Prognostic Markers of Lymphatic Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32523544 PMCID: PMC7261898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts made to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), more than half of cardiovascular events still occur in asymptomatic subjects devoid of traditional risk factors. These observations underscore the need for the identification of new biomarkers for the prevention of atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lymphatic vessel function are emerging targets in this context. EVs are small vesicles released by cells upon activation or death that are present in several biological tissues and fluids, including blood and lymph. They interact with surrounding cells to transfer their cargo, and the complexity of their biological content makes these EVs potential key players in several chronic inflammatory settings. Many studies focused on the interaction of EVs with the most well-known players of atherosclerosis such as the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells and monocytes. However, the fate of EVs within the lymphatic network, a crucial route in the mobilization of cholesterol out the artery wall, is not known. In this review, we aim to bring forward evidence that EVs could be at the interplay between lymphatic function and atherosclerosis by summarizing the recent findings on the characterization of EVs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maya Farhat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Binder CJ, Borén J, Catapano AL, Dallinga-Thie G, Kronenberg F, Mallat Z, Negrini S, Raggi P, von Eckardstein A. The year 2019 in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 299:67-75. [PMID: 32248950 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Simona Negrini
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Kidney as modulator and target of "good/bad" HDL. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:1683-1695. [PMID: 30291429 PMCID: PMC6450786 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The strong inverse relationship between low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) led to the designation of HDL as the "good" cholesterol. The atheroprotection is thought to reflect HDL's capacity to efflux cholesterol from macrophages, followed by interaction with other lipoproteins in the plasma, processing by the liver and excretion into bile. However, pharmacologic increases in HDL-C levels have not led to expected clinical benefits, giving rise to the concept of dysfunctional HDL, in which increases in serum HDL-C are not beneficial due to lost or altered HDL functions and transition to "bad" HDL. It is now understood that the cholesterol in HDL, measured by HDL-C, is neither a marker nor the mediator of HDL function, including cholesterol efflux capacity. It is also understood that besides cholesterol efflux, HDL functionality encompasses many other potentially beneficial functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-apoptotic, and vascular protective effects that may be critical protective pathways for various cells, including those in the kidney parenchyma. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the role kidneys play in HDL metabolism, including the effects on levels, composition, and functionality of HDL particles, particularly the main HDL protein, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI). We suggest that normal apoAI/HDL in the glomerular filtrate provides beneficial effects, including lymphangiogenesis, that promote resorption of renal interstitial fluid and biological particles. In contrast, dysfunctional apoAI/HDL activates detrimental pathways in tubular epithelial cells and lymphatics that lead to interstitial accumulation of fluid and harmful particles that promote progressive kidney damage.
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23
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Hu D, Li L, Li S, Wu M, Ge N, Cui Y, Lian Z, Song J, Chen H. Lymphatic system identification, pathophysiology and therapy in the cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:99-111. [PMID: 31181226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. In contrast to the closed, high-pressure and circular blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms an open, low-pressure and unidirectional transit network from the extracellular space to the venous system. It plays a key role in regulating tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and immune surveillance throughout the body. Despite the critical physiological functions of the lymphatic system, a complete understanding of the lymphatic vessels lags far behind that of the blood vasculatures due to the challenge of their visualization. During the last 20 years, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for lymphatic vessel biology, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have established the importance of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including lymphedema, obesity and metabolic diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infraction. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in the field of lymphatic vessel biology, with an emphasis on the new identification techniques of lymphatic system, pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and new therapeutic perspectives of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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24
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Csányi G, Singla B. Arterial Lymphatics in Atherosclerosis: Old Questions, New Insights, and Remaining Challenges. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040495. [PMID: 30979062 PMCID: PMC6518204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic network is well known for its role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary lipids, trafficking of immune cells, and adaptive immunity. Aberrant lymphatic function has been linked to lymphedema and immune disorders for a long time. Discovery of lymphatic cell markers, novel insights into developmental and postnatal lymphangiogenesis, development of genetic mouse models, and the introduction of new imaging techniques have improved our understanding of lymphatic function in both health and disease, especially in the last decade. Previous studies linked the lymphatic vasculature to atherosclerosis through regulation of immune responses, reverse cholesterol transport, and inflammation. Despite extensive research, many aspects of the lymphatic circulation in atherosclerosis are still unknown and future studies are required to confirm that arterial lymphangiogenesis truly represents a therapeutic target in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review article, we provide an overview of factors and mechanisms that regulate lymphangiogenesis, summarize recent findings on the role of lymphatics in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport, immune cell trafficking and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and present an overview of pharmacological and genetic strategies to modulate lymphatic vessel density in cardiovascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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25
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Milasan A, Smaani A, Martel C. Early rescue of lymphatic function limits atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:106-119. [PMID: 30851674 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our previous data showed that lymphatic function impairment occurs before the onset of atherosclerosis in mice and is precociously associated with a defect in the propelling capacity of the collecting lymphatic vessels. Concomitantly, we found that lymphatic transport can be restored in mice by systemic injections of a mutant form of VEGF-C (VEGF-C 152s), a growth factor known to increase mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessel pumping through a VEGFR-3-dependent mechanism in rats. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether and how early modulation of collecting lymphatic vessel function could restrain atherosclerosis onset and limit its progression. METHODS Before the administration of a pro-atherosclerotic regimen, Ldlr-/- mice at 6 weeks of age were injected intraperitoneally with VEGF-C 152s or PBS every other day for 4 weeks, fed on high fat diet (HFD) for an additional 8 weeks to promote plaque progression, and switched back on chow diet for 4 more weeks to stabilize the lesion. RESULTS Early treatment with VEGF-C first improved lymphatic molecular transport in 6-week-old Ldlr-/- mice and subsequently limited plaque formation and macrophage accumulation, while improving inflammatory cell migration through the lymphatics in HFD-fed mice. The contraction frequency of the collecting lymphatic vessels was significantly increased following treatment throughout the whole atherosclerotic process and resulted in enhanced plaque stabilization. This early and maintained rescue of the lymphatic dysfunction was associated with an upregulation of VEGFR3 and FOXC2 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that early treatments that specifically target the lymphatic contraction capacity prior to lesion formation might be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Smaani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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Zheng Z, Ren K, Peng X, Zhu X, Yi G. Lymphatic Vessels: A Potential Approach to the Treatment of Atherosclerosis? Lymphat Res Biol 2018; 16:498-506. [PMID: 30272526 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2018.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although there are many factors affecting atherosclerosis, the role of lymphatic vessels in this disease has been neglected. Traditionally, lymphatic vessels have been considered to be passages for transporting interstitial fluid to the blood circulation. However, as early as the last century, researchers found that there are numerous lymphatic vessels surrounding sites of atherosclerosis; however, the relationship between lymphatic vessels and atherosclerosis is not clear. With further research, lymphatic vessels were determined to be involved in the induction and resolution of arterial inflammation and also to play a positive role in plaque cholesterol transport. There are abundant immune cells around atherosclerosis, and these immune cells not only have a significant impact on plaque formation but also affect local lymphangiogenesis (IAL). This promotion of IAL seems to relieve the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, research into the relationship between lymphatic vessels and atherosclerosis is of great importance for improving atherosclerosis treatment. This review highlights what is known about the relationship between lymphatic vessels and atherosclerosis, including the effect of immune cells on IAL, and reverse cholesterol transport. In addition, we present some of our views on the improvement of atherosclerosis treatment, which have significant clinical value in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Xiaoshan Peng
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
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