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Sharma A, Bansal C, Sharma KL, Kumar A. Circular RNA: The evolving potential in the disease world. World J Med Genet 2024; 12:93011. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v12.i1.93011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new star of noncoding RNAs, are a group of endogenous RNAs that form a covalently closed circle and occur widely in the mammalian genome. Most circRNAs are conserved throughout species and frequently show stage-specific expression during various stages of tissue development. CircRNAs were a mystery discovery, as they were initially believed to be a product of splicing errors; however, subsequent research has shown that circRNAs can perform various functions and help in the regulation of splicing and transcription, including playing a role as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. With the application of high throughput next-generation technologies, circRNA hotspots were discovered. There are emerging indications that explain the association of circRNAs with human diseases, like cancers, developmental disorders, and inflammation, and circRNAs may be a new potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment outcome of various diseases, including cancer. After the discoveries of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, circRNAs are now acting as a novel research entity of interest in the field of RNA disease biology. In this review, we aim to focus on major updates on the biogeny and metabolism of circRNAs, along with their possible/established roles in major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Department of Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Cherry Bansal
- Department of Pathology, Dr. S Tantia Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar 335002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kiran Lata Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mukhopadhyay S, Uppal A, Yusuf J, Muheeb G, Agarwal R. COVID-19 induced ventricular tachycardia storm unmasking a clinically silent cardiomyopathy: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2021; 5:ytab220. [PMID: 34377900 PMCID: PMC8343428 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a systemic illness characterized by raging impact of cytokine storm on multiple organs. This may trigger malignant ventricular arrhythmias and unmask a clinically silent cardiomyopathy. Case summary A 57-year-old gentleman, known case of hyperthyroidism and diabetes, was referred to our emergency department with history of two ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes requiring direct current cardioversion in last 3 h followed by another episode in our emergency department that was cardioverted. There was no past history of cardiac illness. His 12-lead electrocardiogram (during sinus rhythm) along with screening echocardiography suggested Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). He was coincidentally found to be COVID-19 positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as part of our routine screening. However, he had no fever or respiratory complaints. We noted raised systemic inflammatory markers and cardiac troponin T which progressively increased over the next 4 weeks paralleled by an increase in ventricular premature contraction burden and thereafter started decreasing and returned to baseline by 6th week when the patient became COVID-19 negative by RT-PCR. Subsequently, a single-chamber automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation was done following which there was a transient increase in these biomarkers that subsided spontaneously. The patient is asymptomatic during 6 weeks of follow-up. Discussion COVID-19-associated cytokine surge triggering VT storm and unmasking a clinically silent ARVC has not yet been reported. The case highlights a life-threatening presentation of COVID-19 and indicates a probable link between inflammation and arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Education and Research, JLN Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Abhimanyu Uppal
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Education and Research, JLN Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Jamal Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Education and Research, JLN Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Ghazi Muheeb
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Education and Research, JLN Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Rupesh Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Education and Research, JLN Road, New Delhi 110002, India
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Khan MS, Lange M, Ranjan R, Sharma V, Glotzbach JP, Selzman C, Dosdall DJ. Premature atrial stimulation accentuates conduction abnormalities in cardiac surgery patients that develop postoperative atrial fibrillation. J Electrocardiol 2021; 69:36-43. [PMID: 34555557 PMCID: PMC9265137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common cardiac surgery complication that is associated with increased complications and negative outcomes, but the association between presurgical atrial conduction abnormalities and POAF has not been investigated clinically during premature atrial S1S2 stimulation. This clinical study sought to examine whether intraoperative premature atrial stimulation reveals increased areas of slowed and/or blocked conduction in patients that develop POAF. METHODS High-density intraoperative epicardial left atrial mapping was conducted in 20 cardiac surgery patients with no prior history of atrial fibrillation (AF). In 20 patients, 6 (30%) developed POAF. A flexible-array of 240-electrodes was placed on the posterior left atrial wall in between the pulmonary veins. Activation maps were generated for sinus and premature atrial S1S2 stimulated beats. The area of conduction block (CB), conduction delay (CD) and the combination of both (CDCB) for conduction velocity < 0.1, 0.1 ≤ x < 0.2 and < 0.2 m/s, respectively were quantified. RESULTS For a premature atrial S2 beat with shortest cycle length captured, conduction velocity maps revealed a significantly higher area for CD (13.19 ± 6.59 versus 6.06 ± 4.22 mm2, p = 0.028) and CDCB (17.36 ± 8.75 versus 7.41 ± 6.39 mm2, p = 0.034), and a trend toward a larger area for CB (4.17 ± 3.66 versus 1.34 ± 2.86 mm2, p = 0.063) in patients who developed POAF in comparison to those that remained in the sinus. Sinus and S1 paced beats did not show substantial differences in abnormal conduction areas between patients with and without POAF. CONCLUSION In comparison to sinus and S1 beats, premature atrial S2 beats accentuate conduction abnormalities in the posterior left atrial wall of cardiac surgery patients that developed POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Khan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthias Lange
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason P. Glotzbach
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Craig Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Derek J. Dosdall
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Address For Correspondence: Dr. Derek J. Dosdall, PhD, FHRS, FAHA, Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Utah – Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, / Ph: (+1) 801-587-2036
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Khan MS, Yamashita K, Sharma V, Ranjan R, Dosdall DJ. RNAs and Gene Expression Predicting Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041139. [PMID: 32316120 PMCID: PMC7231013 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is linked with increased morbidity, mortality rate and financial liability. About 20–50% of patients experience POAF after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Numerous review articles and meta-analyses have investigated links between patient clinical risk factors, demographic conditions, and pre-, peri- and post-operative biomarkers to forecast POAF incidence in CABG patients. This narrative review, for the first time, summarize the role of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs and other gene expressions that have shown experimental evidence to accurately predict the POAF incidence in cardiac surgery patients after CABG. We envisage that identifying specific genomic markers for predicting POAF might be a significant step for the prevention and effective management of this type of post-operative complication and may provide critical perspective into arrhythmogenic substrate responsible for POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuja Khan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Kennosuke Yamashita
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Derek James Dosdall
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (M.S.K.); (K.Y.); (R.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Utah-Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-587-2036
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Khan MS, Yamashita K, Sharma V, Ranjan R, Selzman CH, Dosdall DJ. Perioperative Biomarkers Predicting Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Risk After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Narrative Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 34:1933-1941. [PMID: 31653497 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery remains a highly prevalent and costly condition that negatively impacts patient quality of life and survival. Numerous retrospective studies, meta-analysis, and review papers have been reported identifying POAF risk based on patients' risk factors and clinical biomarkers. In this narrative review, the authors report significant variations among selected pre- and perioperative biomarkers used to predict POAF incidence in patients without a history of atrial fibrillation (AF). POAF prediction based on B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, creatinine, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 differs significantly among different studies, thereby limiting their clinical utility to predict POAF risk with high accuracy. Conversely, soluble vascular endothelial cells adhesion molecule-1, soluble CD40 ligand, Galectin-3, and aldosterone show promise for better POAF prediction. However, the current datasets for these selected biomarkers are not of sufficient size to validate the broad clinical application specifically for patients with no prior history of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kennosuke Yamashita
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Derek J Dosdall
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Vonderlin N, Siebermair J, Kaya E, Köhler M, Rassaf T, Wakili R. Critical inflammatory mechanisms underlying arrhythmias. Herz 2019; 44:121-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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