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Zhou Z, Long Y, He X, Li Y. Effects of different doses of glucocorticoids on postoperative atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36635657 PMCID: PMC9838011 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery, and its occurrence is closely related to inflammation. This paper intends to apply meta-analysis to investigate the effect of glucocorticoids on POAF. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched using the internationally recognized systematic evaluation and retrieval strategy. Two review authors independently selected relevant studies and extracted data based on the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions approach. Stata 17 was used for data analysis. In the subgroup analysis, we grouped the participant data according to differences in glucocorticoids dose and type of surgery. At the same time, we also conducted a meta-analysis on the possible infection and gastrointestinal injury caused by glucocorticoids use. RESULTS 27 studies and 14,442 patients were finally included. Results from the random-effects model indicated that the incidence of POAF was lower in glucocorticoid group (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.92, P = 0.001). According to the subgroup analysis result, low doses of glucocorticoids reduced the incidence of POAF (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.92, P = 0.001). The effect of high doses glucocorticoids on the POAF was not statistically significant (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56-1.19, P = 0.286). In the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) subgroup, the glucocorticoids reduced the incidence of POAF (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.87, P = 0.001). In the CABG OR Valvular Surgery group, the effect of glucocorticoids on POAF was not statistically significant (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75-1.03, P = 0.108). 15 studies documented postoperative complications of infection, two studies were excluded from the system because the end point event was 0, and meta-analysis showed no increased risk of infection from glucocorticoid use (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.06, P = 0.158). Eight studies documented the effects of glucocorticoids on gastrointestinal diseases, and meta-analysis showed no differences between the two groups (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.83-1.50, P = 0.450). CONCLUSION The use of glucocorticoids can reduce the incidence of POAF. The subgroup analysis result showed that low-dose glucocorticoids were more effective than high-dose glucocorticoids in inhibiting POAF. The use of glucocorticoids in CABG alone can better inhibit the occurrence of POAF. The effects of glucocorticoids on infection and gastrointestinal injury were not statistically significant. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42022304521.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400025 China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400025 China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400025 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400025 China
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Mousa SA, Dehe L, Aboryag N, Shaqura M, Beyer A, Schäfer M, Treskatsch S. Identification of glucocorticoid receptors as potential modulators of parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons within rat intracardiac ganglia. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:902738. [PMID: 36213610 PMCID: PMC9539283 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.902738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidences indicate that glucocorticoid receptors (GR) play a regulatory role in cardiac function, particularly with regard to the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the expression and the precise anatomical location of GR in relation to the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations of the heart. Methods The present study used tissue samples from rat heart atria to perform conventional reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and double immunofluorescence confocal analysis of GR with the neuronal markers vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) as well as the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Results Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed that GRs were co-expressed with VAChT in parasympathetic principal neuronal somata and nerve terminals innervating atrium. Also, GR colocalized with the sympathetic neuronal marker TH in a cluster of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, on intracardiac nerve terminals and in the atrial myocardium. GR immunoreactivity was scarcely identified on CGRP-immunoreactive sensory nerve terminals. Approximately 20% of GR immunoreactive neuronal somata co-localized with MR. Finally, conventional RT-PCR and Western blot confirmed the presence of GR and MR in rat heart atria. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the existence of GR predominantly on cardiac parasympathetic neurons and TH-immunoreactive SIF cells suggesting a functional role of cardiac GR on cardiovascular function by modulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban A. Mousa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Dehe
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noureddin Aboryag
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed Shaqura
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Beyer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – University Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Paul B, Sterner ZR, Bhawal R, Anderson ET, Zhang S, Buchholz DR. Impaired negative feedback and death following acute stress in glucocorticoid receptor knockout Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 326:114072. [PMID: 35697317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucocorticoid levels are regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis (HPA axis in mammals, HPI axis in amphibians), and negative feedback by glucocorticoid signaling is a key player in that regulation. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR) mediate negative feedback in mammals, but little is known about nuclear receptor-mediated feedback in amphibians. Because amphibians have only one corticosteroidogenic cell type responsible for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production, we hypothesized that GR knockout (GRKO) tadpoles have elevated levels of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids as well as axis components regulating their production. We also examined the response to stress and potential for increased aldosterone signaling in GRKO tadpoles. We found that GRKO tadpoles have severe hyperactivity of the HPI axis, namely high mRNA expression levels of pomc, cyp17a1, cyp21a2, cyp11b2, and star, and high tissue content of corticosterone, aldosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, and progesterone. Such aberrant HPI activity was accompanied by reduced survival after acute temperature shock and shaking stress. Like mammalian models of HPA hyperactivity, GRKO tadpoles have high MR mRNA expression levels in brain, kidney, heart, and skin and high levels of the inflammatory cytokine tnf-α and the profibrotic factor tgf-β in kidneys. This study showed GR is critical for negative feedback to the amphibian HPI axis and for survival from acute stressors. This study also showed GRKO tadpoles exhibit altered expression/overproduction of regulators of salt-water homeostasis and associated biomarkers of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Zachary R Sterner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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4
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Glucocorticoids Promote Na+ Excretion in the Renal Epithelia of Heart Failure Rats by Suppressing Transporter Proteins Involved in Acute Sodium Loading. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:453-463. [PMID: 35853190 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucocorticoid receptors are essential for normal development and stress responses. Their role in H 2 O and Na + metabolism, especially in chronic heart failure (CHF), is not well defined. In a previous study, we found that glucocorticoids potentiate urination in CHF and promote H 2 O excretion by inhibiting the vasopressin receptor 2 pathway. The present study examines the effect of glucocorticoids on renal Na + excretion and the underlying mechanisms in CHF rats with acute sodium loading. CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation for 8 weeks. Rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control, CHF, dexamethasone (DEX)-administered CHF, DEX-administered CHF treated with RU486 (mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist), and RU486-treated CHF. An acute sodium loading test was performed 6 hours after DEX administration. Blood and urine samples were collected, and hemodynamics were measured. The expression and localization of Na + transporter proteins were determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. DEX increased the urine volume and urinary sodium and improved cardiac function and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in CHF rats. The upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel β and γ subunits, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), and Na + /K + -ATPase in the renal epithelium of CHF rats was downregulated by DEX. These beneficial effects were abolished by RU486. The expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A was opposite that of the above proteins. Glucocorticoids might induce profound natriuresis in CHF rats during acute sodium loading, which is associated with downregulating some Na + transporter proteins in the renal epithelium and improving intrarenal hemodynamics.
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Wintzinger M, Panta M, Miz K, Prabakaran AD, Durumutla HB, Sargent M, Peek CB, Bass J, Molkentin JD, Quattrocelli M. Impact of circadian time of dosing on cardiomyocyte-autonomous effects of glucocorticoids. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101528. [PMID: 35717025 PMCID: PMC9243158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial capacity is critical to adapt the high energy demand of the heart to circadian oscillations and diseased states. Glucocorticoids regulate the circadian cycle of energy metabolism, but little is known about how circadian timing of exogenous glucocorticoid dosing directly regulates heart metabolism through cardiomyocyte-autonomous mechanisms. While chronic once-daily intake of glucocorticoids promotes metabolic stress and heart failure, we recently discovered that intermittent once-weekly dosing of exogenous glucocorticoids promoted muscle metabolism in normal and obese skeletal muscle. However, the effects of glucocorticoid intermittence on heart metabolism and heart failure remain unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which circadian time of dosing regulates the effects of the glucocorticoid prednisone in heart metabolism and function in conditions of single pulse or chronic intermittent dosing. METHODS AND RESULTS In WT mice, we found that prednisone improved cardiac content of NAD+ and ATP with light-phase dosing (ZT0), while the effects were blocked by dark-phase dosing (ZT12). The drug effects on mitochondrial function were cardiomyocyte-autonomous, as shown by inducible cardiomyocyte-restricted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ablation, and depended on an intact cardiomyocyte clock, as shown by inducible cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation of Brain and Muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1). Conjugating time-of-dosing with chronic intermittence, we found that once-weekly prednisone improved metabolism and function in heart after myocardial injury dependent on circadian time of intake, i.e. with light-phase but not dark-phase dosing. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies cardiac-autonomous mechanisms through which circadian-specific intermittent dosing reconverts glucocorticoid drugs to metabolic boosters for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Manoj Panta
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Miz
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashok D Prabakaran
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hima Bindu Durumutla
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Sargent
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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The modifying effect of trait anxiety on the association of fine particulate matter with heart rate variability variables. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241:113933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ivy JR, Gray GA, Holmes MC, Denvir MA, Chapman KE. Corticosteroid Receptors in Cardiac Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:109-122. [PMID: 36107315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors play a central role in both energy metabolism and cardiomyocyte death and survival in the heart. Recent evidence suggests they may also influence cardiomyocyte endowment. Although several members of the nuclear receptor family play key roles in heart maturation (including thyroid hormone receptors) and cardiac metabolism, here, the focus will be on the corticosteroid receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The heart is an important target for the actions of corticosteroids, yet the homeostatic role of GR and MR in the healthy heart has been elusive. However, MR antagonists are important in the treatment of heart failure, a condition associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and energy failure in cardiomyocytes leading to mitochondria-initiated cardiomyocyte death (Ingwall and Weiss, Circ Res 95:135-145, 2014; Ingwall , Cardiovasc Res 81:412-419, 2009; Zhou and Tian , J Clin Invest 128:3716-3726, 2018). In contrast, animal studies suggest GR activation in cardiomyocytes has a cardioprotective role, including in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Megan C Holmes
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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8
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Kok L, Hillegers MHJ, Veldhuijzen DS, Joëls M, Boks MPM, Vinkers CH, Dieleman JM, Slooter AJC, van Dijk D. Stress-related psychopathology after cardiac surgery and intensive care treatment. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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9
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Dashti-Khavidaki S, Saidi R, Lu H. Current status of glucocorticoid usage in solid organ transplantation. World J Transplant 2021; 11:443-465. [PMID: 34868896 PMCID: PMC8603633 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation (SOT) for decades, due to their potent effects on innate immunity and tissue protective effects. However, some SOT centers are reluctant to administer GCs long-term because of the various related side effects. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of GCs in SOT. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 2011 to April 2021 using search syntaxes covering “transplantation” and “glucocorticoids”. GCs are used in transplant recipients, transplant donors, and organ perfusate solution to improve transplant outcomes. In SOT recipients, GCs are administered as induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. GCs are also the cornerstone to treat acute antibody- and T-cell-mediated rejections. Addition of GCs to organ perfusate solution and pretreatment of transplant donors with GCs are recommended by some guidelines and protocols, to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury peri-transplant. GCs with low bioavailability and high potency for GC receptors, such as budesonide, nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of GCs to specific organs, and combination use of dexamethasone with inducers of immune-regulatory cells, are new methods of GC application in SOT patients to reduce side effects or induce immune-tolerance instead of immunosuppression. Various side effects involving different non-targeted organs/tissues, such as bone, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, skin and gastrointestinal tract, have been noted for GCs. There are also potential drug-drug interactions for GCs in SOT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Dashti-Khavidaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155, Iran
| | - Reza Saidi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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10
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Yang J, Chen Y, Li X, Xu D. New insights into the roles of glucocorticoid signaling dysregulation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1431-1441. [PMID: 34455516 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a process of abnormal remodeling of the myocardium in response to stress overload or ischemia that results in myocardial injury, which is an independent risk factor for the increased morbidity and mortality of heart failure. Elevated circulating glucocorticoids (GCs) levels are associated with an increased risk of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the exact role remains unclear. In the heart, GCs exerts physiological and pharmacological effects by binding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, NR3C1). However, under the state of tissue damage or oxidative stress, GCs can also bind the closely related mineralocorticoid receptor (MR, NR3C2) to exert a detrimental effect on cardiac function. In addition, the bioavailability of GCs at the cellular level is mainly regulated by tissue-specific metabolic enzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs), including 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and type 2 (11β-HSD2), which catalyze the interconversion of active GCs. In this paper, we provide an overview of GC signaling and its physiological roles in the heart and highlight the dynamic and diverse roles of GC signaling dysregulation, mediated by excessive ligand GCs levels, GR/MR deficiency or overexpression, and local GCs metabolic disorder by 11β-HSDs, in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings will provide new ideas and insights for the search for appropriate intervention targets for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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11
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Cruz-Topete D. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. Curr Drug Targets 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/138945012206210309121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cruz-Topete
- LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, LA,United States
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12
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Cutie S, Huang GN. Vertebrate cardiac regeneration: evolutionary and developmental perspectives. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:6. [PMID: 33644818 PMCID: PMC7917145 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration is an ancestral trait in vertebrates that is lost both as more recent vertebrate lineages evolved to adapt to new environments and selective pressures, and as members of certain species developmentally progress towards their adult forms. While higher vertebrates like humans and rodents resolve cardiac injury with permanent fibrosis and loss of cardiac output as adults, neonates of these same species can fully regenerate heart structure and function after injury - as can adult lower vertebrates like many teleost fish and urodele amphibians. Recent research has elucidated several broad factors hypothesized to contribute to this loss of cardiac regenerative potential both evolutionarily and developmentally: an oxygen-rich environment, vertebrate thermogenesis, a complex adaptive immune system, and cancer risk trade-offs. In this review, we discuss the evidence for these hypotheses as well as the cellular participators and molecular regulators by which they act to govern heart regeneration in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cutie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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13
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Dhaibar HA, Cruz-Topete D. Predisposition of Women to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Side-Effect of Increased Glucocorticoid Signaling During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:606833. [PMID: 34816180 PMCID: PMC8593983 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.606833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a significant health crisis worldwide. To mitigate this disease's spread, "social distancing" and "shelter in place" have been implemented. While these actions have been critical to controlling the pandemic, they have short- and long-term mental health consequences due to increased stress. There is a strong association between mental stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Young women (pre-menopausal) are at high risk of developing CV events in response to mental stress compared to age-matched men. The mechanisms underlying women's increased reactivity and response to stress are mostly unknown. The present review summarizes the known physiological consequences of mental stress in women's CV health and the latest molecular findings of the actions of the primary stress hormones, glucocorticoids, on the CV system. The current data suggest a clear link between psychological stress and heart disease, and women have an increased sensitivity to the harmful effects of stress hormone signaling imbalances. Therefore, it is expected that with the given unprecedented levels of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, women's CV health will be significantly compromised. It is critical to widen our understanding of the direct contribution of mental stress to CVD risk in women and to identify biochemical markers with predictive value for CVD in female patients with/without cardiovascular conditions who have experienced significant mental stress during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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14
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Tejos-Bravo M, Oakley RH, Whirledge SD, Corrales WA, Silva JP, García-Rojo G, Toledo J, Sanchez W, Román-Albasini L, Aliaga E, Aguayo F, Olave F, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Cidlowski JA, Fiedler JL. Deletion of hippocampal Glucocorticoid receptors unveils sex-biased microRNA expression and neuronal morphology alterations in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100306. [PMID: 33665240 PMCID: PMC7906897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the brain have prompted many researchers to investigate the underlying molecular actors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This nuclear receptor controls gene expression, including microRNAs (miRNAs), in non-neuronal cells. Here, we investigated sex-biased effects of GR on hippocampal miRNA expression and neuronal morphology by generating a neuron-specific GR knockout mouse (Emx1-Nr3c1−/−). The levels of 578 mature miRNAs were assessed using NanoString technology and, in contrast to males, female Emx1-Nr3c1−/− mice showed a substantially higher number of differentially expressed miRNAs, confirming a sex-biased effect of GR ablation. Based on bioinformatic analyses we identified several transcription factors potentially involved in miRNA regulation. Functional enrichment analyses of the miRNA-mRNA interactions revealed pathways related to neuronal arborization and both spine morphology and density in both sexes. Two recognized regulators of dendritic morphology, CAMKII-α and GSK-3β, increased their protein levels by GR ablation in female mice hippocampus, without changes in males. Additionally, sex-specific effects of GR deletion were observed on CA1 neuronal arborization and dendritic spine features. For instance, a reduced density of mushroom spines in apical dendrites was evidenced only in females, while a decreased length in basal dendrites was noted only in males. However, length and arborization of apical dendrites were reduced by GR ablation irrespective of the sex. Overall, our study provides new insights into the sex-biased GR actions, especially in terms of miRNAs expression and neuronal morphology in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Tejos-Bravo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shannon D Whirledge
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Wladimir A Corrales
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo García-Rojo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Carrera de Odontología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Laboratory of Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Wendy Sanchez
- Laboratory of Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Luciano Román-Albasini
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Aliaga
- Department of Kinesiology and the Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center (CINPSI-Neurocog), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Olave
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases -ACCDiS. Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jenny L Fiedler
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Kroon J, Pereira AM, Meijer OC. Glucocorticoid Sexual Dimorphism in Metabolism: Dissecting the Role of Sex Hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:357-367. [PMID: 32037025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are of pivotal importance in human physiology. Glucocorticoid signaling is complex in nature and dependent on many interacting factors. As glucocorticoids exhibit sexually dimorphic effects on several key processes including in metabolism, crosstalk with the sex steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) is relevant. In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art knowledge on glucocorticoid sexual dimorphism and sex hormone crosstalk. We include current insight in the molecular mechanisms that underlie nuclear steroid receptor crosstalk, and sex hormone effects on glucocorticoid metabolism. Finally, we show how these findings translate to humans exposed to excess glucocorticoid signaling, and we propose future avenues in the emerging field of steroid hormone crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Cutie S, Payumo AY, Lunn D, Huang GN. In vitro and in vivo roles of glucocorticoid and vitamin D receptors in the control of neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferative potential. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:126-134. [PMID: 32289320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferative potential varies considerably across species. While lower vertebrates and neonatal mammals retain robust capacities for CM proliferation, adult mammalian CMs lose proliferative potential due to cell-cycle withdrawal and polyploidization, failing to mount a proliferative response to regenerate lost CMs after cardiac injury. The decline of murine CM proliferative potential occurs in the neonatal period when the endocrine system undergoes drastic changes for adaptation to extrauterine life. We recently demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH) signaling functions as a primary factor driving CM proliferative potential loss in vertebrates. Whether other hormonal pathways govern this process remains largely unexplored. Here we showed that agonists of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) suppressed neonatal CM proliferation. We next examined CM nucleation and proliferation in neonatal mutant mice lacking GR or VDR specifically in CMs, but we observed no difference between mutant and control littermates at postnatal day 14. Additionally, we generated compound mutant mice that lack GR or VDR and express dominant-negative TH receptor alpha in their CMs, and similarly observed no increase in CM proliferative potential compared to dominant-negative TH receptor alpha mice alone. Thus, although GR and VDR activation is sufficient to inhibit CM proliferation, they seem to be dispensable for neonatal CM cell-cycle exit and polyploidization in vivo. In addition, given the recent report that VDR activation in zebrafish promotes CM proliferation and tissue regeneration, our results suggest distinct roles of VDR in zebrafish and rodent CM cell-cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cutie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y Payumo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dominic Lunn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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17
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Cruz-Topete D, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoid Signaling and the Aging Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32528419 PMCID: PMC7266971 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in normal physiological functions characterizes the aging process. While some of these changes are benign, the decrease in the function of the cardiovascular system that occurs during aging leads to the activation of pathological processes associated with an increased risk for heart disease and its complications. Imbalances in endocrine function are also common occurrences during the aging process. Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones and are critical regulators of energy metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac function. Glucocorticoids exert their actions by binding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and, in some instances, to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). GR and MR are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. There is strong evidence that imbalances in GR and MR signaling in the heart have a causal role in cardiac disease. The extent to which glucocorticoids play a role in the aging heart, however, remains unclear. This review will summarize the positive and negative direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on the heart and the latest molecular and physiological evidence on how alterations in glucocorticoid signaling lead to changes in cardiac structure and function. We also briefly discuss the effects of other hormones systems such as estrogens and GH/IGF-1 on different cardiovascular cells during aging. We will also review the link between imbalances in glucocorticoid levels and the molecular processes responsible for promoting cardiomyocyte dysfunction in aging. Finally, we will discuss the potential for selectively manipulating glucocorticoid signaling in cardiomyocytes, which may represent an improved therapeutic approach for preventing and treating age-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Diana Cruz-Topete
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
- John A. Cidlowski
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18
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Glucocorticoids preserve the t-tubular system in ventricular cardiomyocytes by upregulation of autophagic flux. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:47. [PMID: 31673803 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A major contributor to contractile dysfunction in heart failure is remodelling and loss of the cardiomyocyte transverse tubular system (t-system), but underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways remain elusive. It has been shown that dexamethasone promotes t-tubule development in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and that cardiomyocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout (GRKO) leads to heart failure. Here, we studied if the t-system is altered in GRKO hearts and if GR signalling is required for t-system preservation in adult cardiomyocytes. Confocal and 3D STED microscopy of myocardium from cardiomyocyte-specific GRKO mice revealed decreased t-system density and increased distances between ryanodine receptors (RyR) and L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC). Because t-system remodelling and heart failure are intertwined, we investigated the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Ventricular cardiomyocytes from failing human and healthy adult rat hearts cultured in the absence of glucocorticoids (CTRL) showed distinctively lower t-system density than cells treated with dexamethasone (EC50 1.1 nM) or corticosterone. The GR antagonist mifepristone abrogated the effect of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone improved RyR-LTCC coupling and synchrony of intracellular Ca2+ release, but did not alter expression levels of t-system-associated proteins junctophilin-2 (JPH2), bridging integrator-1 (BIN1) or caveolin-3 (CAV3). Rather, dexamethasone upregulated LC3B and increased autophagic flux. The broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine prevented dexamethasone-induced upregulation of autophagy and t-system preservation, and autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A and chloroquine accelerated t-system loss. Conversely, induction of autophagy by rapamycin or amino acid starvation preserved the t-system. These findings suggest that GR signalling and autophagy are critically involved in t-system preservation and remodelling in the heart.
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19
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Liu B, Zhang TN, Knight JK, Goodwin JE. The Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101227. [PMID: 31601045 PMCID: PMC6829609 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family that controls many distinct gene networks, governing various aspects of development, metabolism, inflammation, and the stress response, as well as other key biological processes in the cardiovascular system. Recently, research in both animal models and humans has begun to unravel the profound complexity of glucocorticoid signaling and convincingly demonstrates that the glucocorticoid receptor has direct effects on the heart and vessels in vivo and in vitro. This research has contributed directly to improving therapeutic strategies in human disease. The glucocorticoid receptor is activated either by the endogenous steroid hormone cortisol or by exogenous glucocorticoids and acts within the cardiovascular system via both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor are also reported to influence the progress and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an update on glucocorticoid signaling and highlight the critical role of this signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. With increasing in-depth understanding of glucocorticoid signaling, the future is promising for the development of targeted glucocorticoid treatments and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Jessica K Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Cruz-Topete D, Oakley RH, Carroll NG, He B, Myers PH, Xu X, Watts MN, Trosclair K, Glasscock E, Dominic P, Cidlowski JA. Deletion of the Cardiomyocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Cardiac Gene Expression and Progression to Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011012. [PMID: 31311395 PMCID: PMC6761632 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The contribution of glucocorticoids to sexual dimorphism in the heart is essentially unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the sexually dimorphic actions of glucocorticoid signaling in cardiac function and gene expression. To accomplish this goal, we conducted studies on mice lacking glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in cardiomyocytes (cardioGRKO mouse model). Methods and Results Deletion of cardiomyocyte GR leads to an increase in mortality because of the development of spontaneous cardiac pathology in both male and female mice; however, females are more resistant to GR signaling inactivation in the heart. Male cardioGRKO mice had a median survival age of 6 months. In contrast, females had a median survival age of 10 months. Transthoracic echocardiography data showed phenotypic differences between male and female cardioGRKO hearts. By 3 months of age, male cardioGRKO mice exhibited left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conversely, no significant functional deficits were observed in female cardioGRKO mice at the same time point. Functional sensitivity of male hearts to the loss of cardiomyocyte GR was reversed following gonadectomy. RNA‐Seq analysis showed that deleting GR in the male hearts leads to a more profound dysregulation in the expression of genes implicated in heart rate regulation (calcium handling). In agreement with these gene expression data, cardiomyocytes isolated from male cardioGRKO hearts displayed altered intracellular calcium responses. In contrast, female GR‐deficient cardiomyocytes presented a response comparable with controls. Conclusions These data suggest that GR regulates calcium responses in a sex‐biased manner, leading to sexually distinct responses to stress in male and female mice hearts, which may contribute to sex differences in heart disease, including the development of ventricular arrhythmias that contribute to heart failure and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC
| | - Natalie G Carroll
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - Bo He
- Signal Transduction Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC
| | - Page H Myers
- Comparative Medicine Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Laboratory of Integrative Bioinformatics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC
| | - Megan N Watts
- Department of Cardiology LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - Krystle Trosclair
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - Edward Glasscock
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Department of Cardiology LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport LA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC
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