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Bernardes-Ribeiro M, Patrone LGA, Cristina-Silva C, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH. Exercise derived myokine irisin as mediator of cardiorespiratory, metabolic and thermal adjustments during central and peripheral chemoreflex activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12262. [PMID: 38806563 PMCID: PMC11133352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise elicits physiological adaptations, including hyperpnea. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced hyperpnea remain unresolved. Skeletal muscle acts as a secretory organ, releasing irisin (IR) during exercise. Irisin can cross the blood-brain barrier, influencing muscle and tissue metabolism, as well as signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). We evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injection of IR in adult male rats on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic function during sleep-wake cycle under room air, hypercapnia and hypoxia. Central IR injection caused an inhibition on ventilation (VE) during wakefulness under normoxia, while peripheral IR reduced VE during sleep. Additionally, central IR exacerbates hypercapnic hyperventilation by increasing VE and reducing oxygen consumption. As to cardiovascular regulation, central IR caused an increase in heart rate (HR) across all conditions, while no change was observed following peripheral administration. Finally, central IR attenuated the hypoxia-induced regulated hypothermia and increase sleep episodes, while peripheral IR augmented CO2-induced hypothermia, during wakefulness. Overall, our results suggest that IR act mostly on CNS exerting an inhibitory effect on breathing under resting conditions, while stimulating the hypercapnic ventilatory response and increasing HR. Therefore, IR seems not to be responsible for the exercise-induced hyperpnea, but contributes to the increase in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bernardes-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristina-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil.
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2
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Tang YJ, Zhang Z, Yan T, Chen K, Xu GF, Xiong SQ, Wu DQ, Chen J, Jose PA, Zeng CY, Fu JJ. Irisin attenuates type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy by anti-ferroptosis via SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:116. [PMID: 38566123 PMCID: PMC10985893 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which still lacks adequate therapy. Irisin, a cleavage peptide off fibronectin type III domain-containing 5, has been shown to preserve cardiac function in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Whether or not irisin plays a cardioprotective role in DCM is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS T1DM was induced by multiple low-dose intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Our current study showed that irisin expression/level was lower in the heart and serum of mice with STZ-induced TIDM. Irisin supplementation by intraperitoneal injection improved the impaired cardiac function in mice with DCM, which was ascribed to the inhibition of ferroptosis, because the increased ferroptosis, associated with increased cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), was ameliorated by irisin. In the presence of erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, the irisin-mediated protective effects were blocked. Mechanistically, irisin treatment increased Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and decreased p53 K382 acetylation, which decreased p53 protein expression by increasing its degradation, consequently upregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 expressions. Thus, irisin-mediated reduction in p53 decreases ferroptosis and protects cardiomyocytes against injury due to high glucose. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that irisin could improve cardiac function by suppressing ferroptosis in T1DM via the SIRT1-p53-SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Irisin may be a therapeutic approach in the management of T1DM-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Juan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Guo-Fan Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinolgy, Pangang Group Chengdu Hospital, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Dai-Qian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jin-Juan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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3
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Peyronnel C, Kessler J, Bobillier-Chaumont Devaux S, Houdayer C, Tournier M, Chouk M, Wendling D, Martin H, Totoson P, Demougeot C. A treadmill exercise reduced cardiac fibrosis, inflammation and vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion in rat pristane-induced arthritis. Life Sci 2024; 341:122503. [PMID: 38354974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore cardiac structural and functional parameters and myocardial sensitivity to ischemia in a rat model of chronic arthritis, pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), and to investigate the effects of a running exercise protocol on cardiac disorders related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MAIN METHODS 3 groups of male Dark Agouti rats were formed: Controls, PIA and PIA-Exercise. The PIA-Exercise group was subjected to an individualized treadmill running protocol during the remission phase. At acute and chronic phases of PIA, cardiac structure was analyzed by histology. Cardiac function was explored in isolated hearts to measure left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), cardiac compliance and infarct size before and after ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac inflammation was evaluated through VCAM-1 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. Plasma irisin levels were measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS PIA rats exhibited myocardial hypertrophy fibrosis and inflammation at the 2 inflammatory phases of the model. At chronic phase only, LVDP and cardiac compliance were lower in PIA compared to controls. As compared to sedentary PIA, exercise did not change cardiac function but reduced fibrosis, inflammation, infarct size, and arthritis severity and increased irisin levels. Cardiac inflammation positively correlated with fibrosis, while irisin levels negatively correlated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE In the PIA model that recapitulated most cardiac disorders of RA, a daily program of treadmill running alleviated cardiac fibrosis and inflammation and improved resistance to ischemia. These data provide arguments to promote the practice of exercise in RA patients for cardiac diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peyronnel
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - J Kessler
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Louis Pasteur, F-39100 Dole, France
| | | | - C Houdayer
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR LINC 1322, DImaCell, Dispositif d'Imagerie Cellulaire, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - M Tournier
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - M Chouk
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - D Wendling
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, EPILAB, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - H Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - P Totoson
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - C Demougeot
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Delfan M, Saeidi A, Supriya R, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Enhancing cardiometabolic health: unveiling the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training with spirulina supplementation on selected adipokines, insulin resistance, and anthropometric indices in obese males. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38454429 PMCID: PMC10921712 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 44 obese males (aged 25-40 years). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), or training plus supplement (TSG). The intervention involved daily administration of either spirulina or a placebo and HIIT three times a week for the training groups. Anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, VO2peak, and circulating adipokines (asprosin and lipocalin2, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Post-intervention analysis indicated differences between the CG and the three interventional groups for body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%BF), HOMA-IR, and adipokine levels (p < 0.05). TG and SG participants had increased VO2peak (p < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation with HIIT increased VO2peak, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin, while causing decreases in lipocalin-2 and asprosin levels and improvements in body composition (weight, %fat), BMI, and HOMA-IR. Notably, the combination of spirulina and HIIT produced more significant changes in circulating adipokines and cardiometabolic health in obese males compared to either supplementation or HIIT alone (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of combining spirulina supplementation with HIIT, showcasing their potential in improving various health parameters and addressing obesity-related concerns in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, SPEH, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Rennes, Santé, EA 1274, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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5
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Wang S, Hu S, Pan Y. The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337995. [PMID: 38405155 PMCID: PMC10884194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification. Irisin is a myogenic cytokine regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and other physiological processes. Previous studies have shown that irisin could serve as a predictor for vascular calcification, and protect against hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other risk factors for vascular calcification. In terms of mechanism, it improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. All the above evidence suggests that irisin plays a predictive and protective role in vascular calcification. In this review, we summarize the association of irisin to the related risk factors for vascular calcification and mainly explore the role of irisin in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Kim SH, Kim SE, Kim S, Ahn MB, Cho WK, Cho KS, Jung MH. The association of serum irisin with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1326851. [PMID: 38333723 PMCID: PMC10850566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1326851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is an adipomyokine secreted by muscle and adipose cells, and it plays a role in glucose, fat, and bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Methods This single-center study included 103 Korean children and adolescents: 54 (52.4%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 49 (47.6%) healthy controls with BMI within the 15th to 85th percentile. Various parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and 25(OH)-Vitamin D levels. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 33 healthy subjects. Results Serum irisin was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 18.1 ± 3.5 vs. 16.2 ± 2.0 ng/mL; p = 0.001). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with chronological age (r = 0.28; p = 0.004), height SDS (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), BMI SDS (r = 0.37; p < 0. 001), fasting glucose (r = 0.27; p = 0.007), fasting insulin (r = 0.23; p = 0.03), HOMA-IR (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), osteocalcin (r = 0.27; p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.005). All these correlations were evident in obese subjects but not in healthy subjects. ALP and 25(OH)-Vitamin D were unrelated to irisin levels. Among 33 healthy subjects, total body-less head (TBLH) BMD Z-score was positively correlated with serum irisin (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), osteocalcin (r = 0.40; p = 0.02), fasting insulin (r = 0.39; p = 0.04), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.38; p = 0.047). Conclusion This study demonstrated an association between irisin levels and glucose, lipid, and bone parameters in children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that irisin has a potential role in metabolic disorders and bone health in obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li RL, Zhuo CL, Yan X, Li H, Lin L, Li LY, Jiang Q, Zhang D, Wang XM, Liu LL, Huang WJ, Wang YL, Li XY, Mao Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu QC, Cai YY, Yang XJ, Chen HY, Wu SS, Jiang W. Irisin attenuates vascular remodeling in hypertensive mice induced by Ang II by suppressing Ca 2+-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress in VSMCs. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:680-700. [PMID: 38169582 PMCID: PMC10758105 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling plays a vital role in hypertensive diseases and is an important target for hypertension treatment. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine and adipokine, has been found to have beneficial effects on various cardiovascular diseases. However, the pharmacological effect of irisin in antagonizing hypertension-induced vascular remodeling is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the protection and mechanisms of irisin against hypertension and vascular remodeling induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Adult male mice of wild-type, FNDC5 (irisin-precursor) knockout, and FNDC5 overexpression were used to develop hypertension by challenging them with Ang II subcutaneously in the back using a microosmotic pump for 4 weeks. Similar to the attenuation of irisin on Ang II-induced VSMCs remodeling, endogenous FNDC5 ablation exacerbated, and exogenous FNDC5 overexpression alleviated Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling. Aortic RNA sequencing showed that irisin deficiency exacerbated intracellular calcium imbalance and increased vasoconstriction, which was parallel to the deterioration in both ER calcium dysmetabolism and ER stress. FNDC5 overexpression/exogenous irisin supplementation protected VSMCs from Ang II-induced remodeling by improving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. This improvement includes inhibiting Ca2+ release from the ER and promoting the re-absorption of Ca2+ into the ER, thus relieving Ca2+-dependent ER stress. Furthermore, irisin was confirmed to bind to its receptors, αV/β5 integrins, to further activate the AMPK pathway and inhibit the p38 pathway, leading to vasoprotection in Ang II-insulted VSMCs. These results indicate that irisin protects against hypertension and vascular remodeling in Ang II-challenged mice by restoring calcium homeostasis and attenuating ER stress in VSMCs via activating AMPK and suppressing p38 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-li Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, PR China
| | - Cai-li Zhuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - He Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lan Lin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ling-yu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qiying Jiang
- West China College of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Die Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xue-mei Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lin-ling Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- West China College of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wen-jing Huang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ying-ling Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin-yue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Mao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Quan-chen Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, PR. China
| | - Yu-yan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xi-jing Yang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hong-ying Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Si-si Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Sierawska O, Sawczuk M. Interaction between Selected Adipokines and Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems: A Review of Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17287. [PMID: 38139115 PMCID: PMC10743430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are substances secreted by adipose tissue that are receiving increasing attention. The approach to adipose tissue has changed in recent years, and it is no longer looked at as just a storage organ but its secretion and how it influences systems in the human body are also looked at. The role of adipokine seems crucial in developing future therapies for pathologies of selected systems. In this study, we look at selected adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, omentin-1, nesfatin, irisin-1, visfatin, apelin, vaspin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and TGF-β2, and how they affect systems in the human body related to physical activity such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 70-384 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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Wang L, Kulthinee S, Slate-Romano J, Zhao T, Shanmugam H, Dubielecka PM, Zhang LX, Qin G, Zhuang S, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Inhibition of integrin alpha v/beta 5 mitigates the protective effect induced by irisin in hemorrhage. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104869. [PMID: 37690529 PMCID: PMC10939993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin plays an important role in regulating tissue stress, cardiac function, and inflammation. Integrin αvβ5 was recently identified as a receptor for irisin to elicit its physiologic function. It remains unknown whether integrin αvβ5 is required for irisin's function in modulating the physiologic response to hemorrhage. The objective of this study is to examine if integrin αvβ5 contributes to the effects of irisin during the hemorrhagic response. METHODS Hemorrhage was induced in mice by achieving a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-45 mmHg for one hour, followed by two hours of resuscitation. Irisin (0.5 μg/kg) was administrated to assess its pharmacologic effects in hemorrhage. Cilengitide, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGDyK) which is an inhibitor of integrin αvβ5, or control RGDS (1 mg/kg) was administered with irisin. In another cohort of mice, the irisin-induced protective effect was examined after knocking down integrin β5 with nanoparticle delivery of integrin β5 sgRNA using CRSIPR/Cas-9 gene editing. Cardiac function and hemodynamics were measured using echocardiography and femoral artery catheterization, respectively. Systemic cytokine releases were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analyses were used to determine tissue damage in myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptosis in tissues. RESULTS Hemorrhage induced reduction of integrin αvβ5 in skeletal muscles and repressed recovery of cardiac performance and hemodynamics. Irisin treatment led to significantly improved cardiac function, which was abrogated by treatment with Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Furthermore, irisin resulted in a marked suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), muscle edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium and skeletal muscles, which was attenuated by Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Irisin-induced reduction of apoptosis in the myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung, which were attenuated by either the inhibition of integrin αvβ5, or knockdown of integrin β5. CONCLUSION Integrin αvβ5 plays an important role for irisin in modulating the protective effect during hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - John Slate-Romano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | | | - Hamsa Shanmugam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA; Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Zhuo C, Xin J, Huang W, Zhang D, Yan X, Li R, Li H, Lan J, Lin L, Li L, Wang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Li X, Mao Y, Chen H, Wu S, Yang X, Jiang W. Irisin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by improving AMPK-Nrf2 dependent mitochondrial fusion and strengthening endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. Toxicology 2023; 494:153597. [PMID: 37499777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, a new exercise-mediated myokine, plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases by regulating cell energy metabolism. The induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the crucial mechanisms involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction, but the mitochondria-dependent protective mechanisms of irisin in DOX-impaired cardiomyocytes are poorly understood. In this study, we exposed mouse-FNDC5 (irisin-precursor)-knockout, FNDC5 transgenic mice and their WT littermates, as well as cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to DOX at a dosage of 4 mg/kg (once a week for 4 weeks) in vivo and 2 μM in vitro, respectively, then investigated how irisin alleviated DOX-induced oxidative stress and myocardial injury. Irisin knockout worsened, while irisin overexpression attenuated DOX-induced mortality, body weight loss, myocardial atrophy, damage and oxidative stress, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in mice. Exogenous irisin supplementation (20 nM) also relieved these DOX-induced damage in cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, irisin activated AMPK-Nrf2 signaling axis, and then up-regulated the transcription and protein expression of the downstream target genes of Nrf2, including mitochondrial fusion-related genes (mitofusin 1/2 and Optic Atrophy Type 1) and endogenous anti-oxidant genes, to promote mitochondrial fusion, improve mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress damage in DOX-induced cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that irisin protects the hearts from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by improving mitochondrial dynamics and strengthening the endogenous anti-oxidant system through an AMPK-Nrf2 axis dependent manner, thus reducing DOX-induced oxidative stress injury in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Zhuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Xin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Die Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ruli Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - He Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jie Lan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lan Lin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Linling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yingling Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Mao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xijing Yang
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Carmona-Maurici J, Rosa A, Azcona-Granada N, Peña E, Ricart-Jané D, Viñas A, López-Tejero MD, Domingo JC, Miñarro A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Irisin as a Novel Biomarker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Severe Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098171. [PMID: 37175880 PMCID: PMC10179106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity (SO) can accelerate atherosclerosis and the onset of acute cardiovascular events. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis in the context of a high body mass index (BMI) can be challenging, making the identification of biomarkers clinically relevant. We aimed to assess the usefulness of irisin as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis in participants with SO. This prospective observational study included 61 participants undergoing bariatric surgery for SO, defined as a BMI >40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with at least one comorbidity. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected by ultrasound. Plasma samples were obtained 1 month before and at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery to measure irisin by ELISA. Additionally, subcutaneous samples of adipose tissue were taken and genotyped to identify irisin polymorphism rs3480. Irisin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.23, p = 0.0064), negatively correlated with atheroma-related parameters (e.g., carotid intima-media thickness), and lower in subjects with atheroma (p < 0.0002). Irisin also showed good overall accuracy for discriminating plaque presence (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.6956-0.9156). However, the rs3480 polymorphism correlated with neither the irisin levels nor the presence of atheromas. Iirisin could identify subclinical atherosclerosis in SO and might facilitate clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carmona-Maurici
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Azcona-Granada
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elionora Peña
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Viñas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Caldwell JZ, Isenberg N. The aging brain: risk factors and interventions for long term brain health in women. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 35:169-175. [PMID: 36912325 PMCID: PMC10023345 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Poor cognitive aging and dementia pose a significant public health burden, and women face unique risks compared to men. Recent research highlights the role of genetics, menopause, chronic disease, and lifestyle in risk and resilience in women's cognitive aging. This work suggests avenues for clinical action at midlife that may change the course of brain health in aging. RECENT FINDINGS Studies indicate women's risk for poor cognitive aging relates in part to hormone changes at menopause, a time when memory, brain structure and function, and Alzheimer's pathology may be observed in women and not men. Medical and lifestyle risks including diabetes, hypertension, and low physical activity also contribute to women's unique risks. At the same time, literature on resilience suggests women may benefit from lifestyle and chronic disease intervention, possibly more than men. Current studies emphasize the importance of interacting genetic and lifestyle risks, and effects of social determinants of health. SUMMARY Women have greater risk than men for poor cognitive aging; however, by treating the whole person, including genetics, lifestyle, and social environment, clinicians have an opportunity to support healthy cognitive aging in women and reduce the future public health burden of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z.K. Caldwell
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W. Bonneville Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Nancy Isenberg
- Providence Swedish Center for Healthy Aging, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 1600 E. Jefferson St. A Level, Seattle, WA 98122
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14
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Demir C, Dursun AD, Sarıyıldız GT, Arslan Aİ. Serum irisin levels and osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and renal transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7. [PMID: 36773217 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the association of serum irisin levels with bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium-phosphorus metabolism parameters in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving CKD patients and RTRs. Healthy volunteers served as controls. Age, gender, and dialysis vintage were recorded. Serum irisin, creatinine, glucose, calcium, albumin, 25(OH) vitamin D, ferritin, C-reactive protein, A1C, and lipid profile were studied in all participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), corrected calcium, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 49 patients (23 hemodialysis, 26 RTRs) and 25 control subjects were included. In hemodialysis (HD) group, 8 patients (34.8%) had osteoporosis, and 12 patients (52.2%) had osteopenia. In RTR group, 3 patients (11.5%) had osteoporosis, while 15 patients (57.7%) had osteopenia. Among controls, one had osteoporosis, and 7 had osteopenia. There was no significant difference between HD and RTRs; however, osteoporosis rate was significantly lower in control subjects. BMD measurements (femur and lumbar T- and Z-scores) were comparable between HD and RTR groups. Control group DEXA values were similar to RTRs; however, they were significantly higher compared to HD group. 25(OH) vitamin D levels were comparable between the HD and RTR groups, and these were significantly lower compared to values of the control group. Mean serum irisin level was 426.6 ± 191.2 pg/mL in hemodialysis group, 342.6 ± 174.8 in the RTR group, and 208.0 ± 186.1 in controls. Serum irisin levels were similar in RTR and HD groups, but their values were significantly higher compared to controls. When we compared serum irisin levels between patients with and without osteoporosis in the whole cohort and hemodialysis and RTR groups, there was no difference. Serum irisin was positively correlated with lumbar T-score both in hemodialysis and RTR groups. CONCLUSION Our study is the first in the literature revealing the positive correlation of serum irisin level with femur T-score in RTRs. Serum irisin level was also positively correlated with femur T-scores in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atılım Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kızılcaşarİncek Gölbaşı, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Atilim University, and Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Türkmen Sarıyıldız
- Department of General Surgery, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, and Operating Room Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut İlker Arslan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04903-9. [PMID: 36763144 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Irisin plays an important role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and it is shown to have relations with many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to determine saliva and serum irisin and IL-6 levels in patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis compared with individuals with healthy periodontium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared with controls (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between the periodontitis and control for serum irisin levels (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between all periodontal parameters and salivary irisin and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and also between BMI and saliva and serum IL-6 (respectively; r = 0.530, r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary irisin and IL-6 (r = 0.369, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of salivary irisin and IL-6 might be potential biomarker for predicting the susceptibility to periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scientific rationale for the study: Irisin is a novel adipomyokine that has played an important role in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. Irisin is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting many body systems. IL-6, another adipomyokine, is a major inflammatory mediator and homeostatic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with periodontitis. No studies investigated the relationship between advanced periodontal disease, irisin, and IL-6 together. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher and positively correlated in patients with periodontitis relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with periodontitis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study shows that irisin and IL-6 can be candidate salivary biomarkers for periodontitis and predict to periodontal status.
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Foad AM, Hafez A, Youssef W, Ahmed AE, Altaher AM. Irisin expression and FNDC5 (rs3480) gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with and without CAD. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36732920 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2173785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin was found to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. This study investigated the association of irisin and FNDC5 (SNP rs3480) with the presence and severity of CAD in T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with T2DM divided into two groups, DM group (n = 50), including patients without CAD and CAD group (n = 50), including those confirmed to have CAD by coronary angiography. Irisin was measured. SNP rs3480 genotyping of FNDC5 was done. RESULTS Irisin levels were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001). The CAD group had significantly higher HbA1c and lower HDL (p < 0.001). Patients with controlled DM had significantly higher irisin levels (p < 0.001). single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3480 was not associated with irisin levels, and the FNDC5 rs3480 AA reference allele was significantly associated with significant CAD. CONCLUSION Irisin appears to be protective against developing CAD in diabetic patients. Irisin level was an independent predictor of significant CAD in diabetic patients combined with the FNDC5 rs3480 genotype. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04957823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera Morad Foad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa Hafez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wael Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsharawy Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ali Mohamad Altaher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Luo M, Luo S, Xue Y, Chang Q, Yang H, Dong W, Zhang T, Cao S. Aerobic exercise inhibits renal EMT by promoting irisin expression in SHR. iScience 2023; 26:105990. [PMID: 36798442 PMCID: PMC9926087 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of aerobic exercise in different intensities on renal injury and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and explore possible mechanisms, we subjected SHR to different levels of 14-week aerobic treadmill training. We tested the effects of aerobic exercise on irisin level, renal function, and EMT modulators in the kidney. We also treated angiotensin II-induced HK-2 cells with irisin and tested the changes in EMT levels. The data showed low and moderate aerobic exercise improved renal function and inhibited EMT through promoting irisin expression in SHR. However, high-intensity exercise training had no effect on renal injury and EMT in SHR but did significantly activate STAT3 phosphorylation in the kidney. These results clarify the mechanisms of exercise in improving hypertension-related renal injury and suggest that irisin might be a therapeutic target for patients with kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Luo
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhou Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyu Dong
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author
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Association of Plasma Irisin Levels with Circulating Endothelial Microparticles (EMPs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Children Born Prematurely. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010120. [PMID: 36677045 PMCID: PMC9861173 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity has been linked with endothelial dysfunction in later life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma irisin, an adipomyokine reported to protect the functional integrity of vascular endothelium, and circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), consisting early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, in preterm-born children. We studied 131 prepubertal children; 61 preterm and 70 born at term (controls). Plasma irisin was determined by ELISA. Circulating CD62E(+), CD144(+) and CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs, and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45(-) and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45dim EPCs, were determined by flow cytometry. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, neck circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and biochemical parameters (glucose, lipids, insulin, HOMA-IR) were also evaluated. Plasma irisin was significantly lower (p = 0.001), whereas circulating EMPs and EPCs were higher, in children born prematurely compared to controls. Irisin was recognized as independent predictor for CD144(+) and CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs, CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45(-) and CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD45dim EPCs in the total study population, and for CD31(+)/CD42b(-) EMPs in the preterm group. In conclusion, plasma irisin correlates independently with circulating EMP and EPC subpopulations in prepubertal children and in preterm-born ones. Further studies in children will potentially elucidate the link between irisin and the primary stages of prematurity-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Yamamoto H, Tanaka Y, Sawada M, Kihara S. ERRα Attenuates Vascular Inflammation via Enhanced NFκB Degradation Pathway. Endocrinology 2023; 164:6936569. [PMID: 36534970 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a muscle-derived exercise mimetic, had anti-inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effects in vascular endothelial cells through the enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1β (PGC-1β). Although BAIBA also increased the expression of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), the roles of ERRα in vascular endothelial cells have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) infected with ERRα-expressing adenovirus had significantly decreased mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated proinflammatory molecules. However, ERRα overexpression had little effect on the mRNA levels of PGC-1β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and almost all ROS scavenging molecules, except for superoxide dismutase 2. ERRα expression significantly decreased NFκB reporter activities in a dose-dependent manner with unaltered IκBα phosphorylation levels but with a significant increase in the mRNA levels of PDZ and LIM domain protein 2 (PDLIM2) and copper metabolism gene MURR1 domain-containing protein (COMMD1), which enhance the ubiquitination and degradation of NFκB. Also, PDLIM2 and COMMD1 mRNA levels were upregulated in BAIBA-treated HAECs. Finally, we identified the ERRα-response element in the COMMD1 promoter region (-283 to -29 bp). These results indicated that ERRα exerted anti-inflammatory effects in vascular endothelial cells through COMMD1-mediated attenuation of NFκB activity, which could be an atheroprotective mechanism of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miho Sawada
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Song XY, Zhou SJ, Zhang JL, Zhou T, Wang SY, Pang Q, Pan YJ, Zhang AH. Serum irisin level is higher in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 55:1329-1334. [PMID: 36527594 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have proved that irisin is related to the development of chronic kidney disease. In this study, we aimed to compare serum irisin level in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). METHODS Two hundred and fifty-two dialysis patients (146 PD patients and 106 HD patients) were included in the study. Levels of serum irisin and other parameters were compared between the two groups' patients. RESULTS There were higher serum irisin levels in PD patients than those in HD patients [113.10 (106.15 ~ 119.15) ng/ml vs. 45.72(21.67 ~ 79.71) ng/ml, P < 0.001]. Moreover, body fat mass, percent body fat, serum calcium, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) and residual renal function were higher in patients on PD than that in those on HD, whereas levels of lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, albumin, serum uric acid, potassium, and phosphorus(It should be "were" replace are) are higher in HD patients in comparison to PD patients. Dialysis modality (PD/HD), serum CO2CP level, lean body mass, and percent body fat independently positively correlated with natural logarithm of irisin (lnirisin) by multivariate linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we prove that serum irisin level is significantly higher in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis than that with hemodialysis. As well as, increasing skeletal muscle mass and fat body percent, and correcting metabolic acidosis may increase serum irisin levels.
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The serum irisin response to prolonged physical activity in temperate and hot environments in older men with hypertension or type 2 diabetes. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103344. [PMID: 36462879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current labor demographics are changing, with the number of older adults increasingly engaged in physically demanding occupations expected to continually rise, which are often performed in the heat. Given an age-related decline in whole-body heat loss, older adults are at an elevated risk of developing heat injuries that may be exacerbated by hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Elevated irisin production may play a role in mitigating the excess oxidative stress and acute inflammation associated with physically demanding work in the heat. However, the effects of HTN and T2D on this response remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated serum irisin before and after 3-h of moderate intensity exercise (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) and at the end of 60-min of post-exercise recovery in a temperate (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16 °C) and high-heat stress (WBGT 32 °C) environment in 12 healthy older men (mean ± SD; 59 ± 4 years), 10 men with HTN (60 ± 4 years), and 9 men with T2D (60 ± 5 years). Core temperature (Tco) was measured continuously. In the heat, total exercise duration was significantly lower in older men with HTN and T2D (both, p ≤ 0.049). Despite Tco not being different between groups, Tco was higher in the hot compared to the temperate condition for all groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, serum irisin concentrations did not differ between groups under either condition but were elevated relative to the temperate condition during post-exercise and end-recovery in the heat (+93.9 pg/mL SEM 26 and + 70.5 pg/mL SEM 38 respectively; both p ≤ 0.014). Thus, our findings indicate similar irisin responses in HTN and T2D compared to healthy, age-matched controls, despite reduced exercise tolerance during prolonged exercise in the heat. Therefore, older workers with HTN and T2D may exhibit greater cellular stress during prolonged exercise in the heat, underlying greater vulnerability to heat-induced cellular injury.
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Irisin, an Effective Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090305. [PMID: 36135450 PMCID: PMC9503035 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, as one of the myokines induced by exercise, has attracted much attention due to its important physiological functions such as white fat browning, the improvement in metabolism, and the alleviation of inflammation. Despite the positive role that irisin has been proven to play in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, whether it can become a biomarker and potential target for predicting and treating cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, given the unreliability of its detection methods, the uncertainty of its receptors, and the species differences between animals and humans. This paper was intended to review the role of irisin in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the potential molecular mechanism, and the urgent problems to be solved in hopes of advancing our understanding of irisin as well as providing data for the development of new and promising intervention strategies by discussing the causes of contradictory results.
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Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis Following Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092178. [PMID: 36140279 PMCID: PMC9496565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological consequence of most myocardial diseases. It is associated with the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins as well as fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts in the cardiac interstitium. This structural remodeling often results in myocardial dysfunctions such as arrhythmias and impaired systolic function in patients with heart conditions, ultimately leading to heart failure and death. An understanding of the precise mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis is still limited due to the numerous signaling pathways, cells, and mediators involved in the process. This review article will focus on the pathophysiological processes associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, it will summarize the novel strategies for anti-fibrotic therapies such as epigenetic modifications, miRNAs, and CRISPR technologies as well as various medications in cellular and animal models.
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Circulating Irisin Levels in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081096. [PMID: 36008990 PMCID: PMC9406124 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an adipo-myokine, mainly synthetized in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, that is involved in multiple processes. Only a few studies have evaluated serum irisin in psoriatic patients. This study aims to analyze serum irisin levels in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, to compare them with values in controls, and to assess whether concentration of circulating irisin correlates with the severity of psoriasis, calculated by means of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). We enrolled 46 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis; the control group included 46 sex- and age-matched subjects without any skin or systemic diseases. Serum irisin levels were measured by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed a non-significant increase in serum irisin concentration in psoriatic patients compared to controls. A negative non-linear correlation between PASI and irisin levels was detected in psoriatic patients. Indeed, dividing patients according to psoriasis severity, the negative association between irisin and PASI was stronger in patients with mild psoriasis than in patients with higher PASI scores. Several control variables we tested showed no significant impact on serum irisin. However, erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the normal range was associated with significantly higher irisin levels in psoriatic patients. In conclusion, although irisin levels were not significantly different between controls and psoriatic patients, irisin was found to be negatively associated with psoriasis severity, especially in subjects with low PASI scores; however, further studies are needed to clarify the role of irisin in subjects with psoriasis.
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Alzoughool F, Al-Zghoul MB, Ghanim BY, Gollob M, Idkaidek N, Qinna NA. The Role of Interventional Irisin on Heart Molecular Physiology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070863. [PMID: 35890161 PMCID: PMC9319709 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5) gene, is a novel myokine that has been implicated as an essential mediator of exercise benefits. Effects of irisin on heart physiology is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exogenous administration of irisin on heart physiology and the pharmacokinetic profile of pump-administered irisin. To do so, Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with an irisin-loaded osmotic pump (5 μg/kg/day) for 42 days, and other animals were administered with single bolus subcutaneous injections of irisin (5 µg/kg). Body weights and blood samples were collected weekly for 42 days for serum irisin quantification and histopathology. Clinical biochemistry analyses were performed. Heart mRNA expression was assessed in 26 selected genes. Chronic interventional exogenous irisin significantly reduced body weight without affecting the heart myocyte size and significantly reduced creatine kinase enzyme level. Blood CBC, serum biochemistry, and heart morphology were normal. Gene expression of FNCD5, Raf1, CPT1, IGF-1, and CALCIN, encoding for heart physiology, increased while PGC1, Nox4, and Mfn1 significantly decreased. Nevertheless, irisin increased the expression of cardioprotective genes and inhibited some genes that harm heart physiology. Administration of irisin promotes myocardial functions and could be translated into clinical settings after preclinical profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Alzoughool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah Women’s College, Fujairah P.O. Box. 25026, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Bayan Y. Ghanim
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Michael Gollob
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada;
| | - Nasir Idkaidek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Nidal A. Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- Correspondence:
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Remuzgo-Martínez S, Rueda-Gotor J, Pulito-Cueto V, López-Mejías R, Corrales A, Lera-Gómez L, Pérez-Fernández R, Portilla V, González-Mazón Í, Blanco R, Expósito R, Mata C, Llorca J, Hernández-Hernández V, Rodríguez-Lozano C, Barbarroja N, Ortega-Castro R, Vicente E, Fernández-Carballido C, Martínez-Vidal MP, Castro-Corredor D, Anino-Fernández J, Peiteado D, Plasencia-Rodríguez C, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, García-Vivar ML, Vegas-Revenga N, Urionaguena I, Gualillo O, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, Castañeda S, Ferraz-Amaro I, González-Gay MÁ, Genre F. Irisin as a Novel Biomarker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Risk and Severe Disease in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894171. [PMID: 35898516 PMCID: PMC9309281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have a high disease burden mainly due to the rheumatic disease itself, and also exhibit accelerated atherosclerosis, that leads to a higher incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Accordingly, the identification of biomarkers of CV risk and inflammation in axSpA patients is clinically relevant. In this sense, given the beneficial functions exerted by the adipomyokine irisin in processes related to CV disease and inflammation, our aim was to assess, for the first time, the role of irisin as a genetic and serological biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis, CV risk and disease severity in axSpA patients. Methods A large cohort of 725 Spanish patients with axSpA was included. Subclinical atherosclerosis (presence of plaques and abnormal carotid intima-media thickness values) was evaluated by carotid ultrasound. Four irisin polymorphisms (rs16835198 G/T, rs3480 A/G, rs726344 G/A, and rs1570569 G/T) were genotyped by TaqMan probes. Additionally, serum irisin levels were determined by ELISA. Results Low irisin levels were linked to the presence of plaques (p=0.002) and atherogenic index values ≥4 (p=0.01). Serum irisin were positively correlated with C-peptide levels (p<0.001) and negatively correlated with visual analogue scale and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (p<0.05 in all the cases). Moreover, lower irisin levels were observed in patients with sacroiliitis and in those with a negative HLA-B27 status (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively), as well as in those treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Interestingly, the TT genotype and the T allele of rs16835198 were less frequent in axSpA patients with ASDAS >2.1 (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.48 [0.28-0.83] and OR: 0.73 [0.57-0.92], respectively, p=0.01 in both cases). Additionally, the frequency of rs1570569 T allele was higher in these patients (OR: 1.46 [1.08-1.97], p=0.01). Furthermore, the GGGT haplotype was more frequent in patients with ASDAS values >2.1 (OR: 1.73 [1.13-2.66], p=0.01). Conclusions Our results indicate that low serum irisin levels could be indicators of the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, high CV risk and more severe disease in axSpA patients. In addition, irisin may also constitute a genetic biomarker of disease activity in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Remuzgo-Martínez
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Rueda-Gotor
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Pulito-Cueto
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Mejías
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corrales
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Leticia Lera-Gómez
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Fernández
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Virginia Portilla
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Íñigo González-Mazón
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Expósito
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Comarcal de Laredo, Laredo, Spain
| | - Cristina Mata
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Comarcal de Laredo, Laredo, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Rodríguez-Lozano
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negŕın, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Reina Sofía, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Reina Sofía, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Vicente
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Castro-Corredor
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Diana Peiteado
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oreste Gualillo
- Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS) and Instituto para el Desarrollo e Integración de la Sanidad (IDIS), Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatic and Inflammatory Diseases (NEIRID) Lab, Research Laboratory 9, Hospital Cl´ınico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fernanda Genre
- Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Genre,
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Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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