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Ahmet Y, Murat Y. Evaluation of the association between silent ischemic lesions and stent design in carotid stenting applications. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221437. [PMID: 37222323 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minor ischemic events and silent ischemic lesions are more common in carotid stenting than in endarterectomy. These silent ischemic lesions are also associated with stroke risk and cognitive impairment, so it is important to understand the factors that increase the risk and develop strategies to reduce the risk. We aimed to evaluate the association between carotid stent design and silent ischemic lesion development. METHODS The files of the patients who underwent carotid stenting between January 2020 and April 2022 were scanned. Patients with diffusion MR images taken within the postoperative 24 h were included in the study, while those undergoing acute stent placement were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups: those with open-cell stents and those with closed-cell stents. RESULTS A total of 65 patients, including 39 patients undergoing open-cell stenting and 26 patients undergoing closed-cell stenting, were included in the study. There was no significant difference in demographic data and vascular risk factors between the groups. New ischemic lesions were detected in 29 (74.4%) patients in the open-cell stent group and 10 (38.4%) patients in the closed-cell stent group and were significantly higher in the open-cell group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of major and minor ischemic events and stent restenosis at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The rate of new ischemic lesion development was found to be significantly higher in carotid stent procedures performed with an open-cell Protégé stent than in those performed with a closed-cell Wallstent stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabalak Ahmet
- Düzce Üniversitesi, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology - Düzce, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Murat
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology - Bolu, Turkey
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Ryu JC, Bae JH, Ha SH, Kwon B, Song Y, Lee DH, Kim BJ, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS, Chang JY. Association between lipid profile changes and risk of in-stent restenosis in ischemic stroke patients with intracranial stenosis: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284749. [PMID: 37163551 PMCID: PMC10171672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of ischemic stroke with intracranial stenosis is associated with various serum lipid levels. However, the effects of changes in the lipid profile on the risk of in-stent restenosis have not been verified. Therefore, we investigated the association between the occurrence of in-stent restenosis at 12-month follow-up and changes in various lipid profiles. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we included ischemic stroke patients who had undergone intracranial stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis between February 2010 and May 2020. We collected data about serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels, and calculated the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios at baseline and after 12 months. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to verify the association between various lipid profile changes and in-stent restenosis at 12 months. RESULTS Among the 100 patients included in the study (mean age, 60.8 ± 10.0 years; male: 80 [80.0%]), in-stent restenosis was found in 13 (13.0%) patients. The risk of in-stent restenosis of more than 50% was significantly decreased when TC/HDL-C ratio (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.87]) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (OR 0.23, [95% CI 0.06-0.93]) decreased or when HDL-C levels (OR 0.10, [95% CI 0.02-0.63]) were increased at 12 months compared with baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of HDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were associated with decreased risk of in-stent restenosis at 12-month follow-up. Management and careful monitoring of various lipid profiles including HDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio may be important to prevent in-stent restenosis in patients with intracranial stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chan Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Bae
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Ha
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boseong Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunsun Song
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Chang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zanoli L, Mikhailidis DP. Narrative Review of Carotid disease and the kidney. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1210. [PMID: 34430651 PMCID: PMC8350722 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk that is only in part explained by established risk factors. Carotid arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are increased in CKD, play a role in the causation of CV disease in these patients and can affect the progression of renal disease. The arterial stiffening process is evident even in CKD patients with a very mild reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) whereas arterial thickening is evident in more advanced stages. Possible mechanisms include functional and structural alterations of the arterial wall. Arterial stiffness can mediate the effect of CKD on target organs (i.e., brain, kidney and heart). In this review we discuss the arterial phenotype of patients with CKD. This is characterized by increased common carotid artery stiffness and outward remodeling (enlargement and thickening of the arterial wall) and a normal/reduced stiffness paired with an inward remodeling (narrowing of the arterial wall) of muscular arteries. We also discuss the consequences of carotid dysfunction, including the involvement of large elastic arteries stiffness on ventricular-vascular coupling, the mechanisms linking carotid stiffening and increased cardio- and cerebrovascular risk in CKD patients, and the therapeutic options to improve carotid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zanoli
- Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London, London, UK
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Raffort J, Lareyre F, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP. Contrast-induced nephropathy in non-cardiac vascular procedures, a narrative review: Part 1. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:3-15. [PMID: 34238194 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210708165119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important complication of iodinated contrast medium (CM) administration, which is associated with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes (e.g., cardiorenal events, longer hospital stay, and mortality). CIN has been mainly studied in relation to cardiac procedures, but it can also occur following non-cardiac vascular interventions. This is Part 1 of a narrative review summarizing the available literature on CIN after non-cardiac vascular diagnostic or therapeutic procedures for aortic aneurysm and carotid stenosis. We discuss the definition, pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors, biomarkers, and consequences of CIN in these settings, as well as preventive strategies and alternatives to limit iodinated CM use. Physicians and vascular surgeons should be aware of CM-related adverse events and the potential strategies to avoid them. Clearly, more research in this important field is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Raffort
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Nice. France
| | - Fabien Lareyre
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, Nice. France
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Erkol A, Dalgıç Y, Yıldırım S, Turan B. Incidence and predictors of prolonged hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting: Yet another benefit of statins? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106786. [PMID: 34198224 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of prolonged hemodynamic depression (PHD) after carotid artery stenting (CAS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 216 CAS procedures performed in 207 patients (156 male; median and interquartile range (IQR) of age 68 (62-73) yr) between July 2012 and October 2020. PHD was defined as hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg) and/or bradycardia (heart rate < 60 bpm) lasting >1 h. RESULTS The incidence of PHD was 25.9%. At multivariate analysis, asymptomatic lesions (OR: 2.43, 95% CI (1.16-5.06), p: 0.018), the stenosis proximity (<10 mm) to bifurcation (OR: 2.94, 95% CI (1.34-6.43), p: 0.007) and implantation of a Protege stent (OR: 2.93, 95% CI (1.14-7.53), p: 0.025) were independent risk factors, while statin usage (OR: 0.48, 95% CI (0.24-0.95), p: 0.036) was an independent protective factor for PHD after CAS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with asymptomatic lesions and stenosis close to the bifurcation are more prone to PHD. The type of the stent selected significantly influences the risk of PHD. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted to investigate the possible protective role of statins against PHD after CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Erkol
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Yalçın Dalgıç
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serhan Yıldırım
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Burak Turan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Jang SH, Kwon DH, Han MK, Park H, Sohn SI, Choi H, Hong JH. Impact of statin pretreatment on the complications of carotid stenting in asymptomatic patients: observational study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:75. [PMID: 33588788 PMCID: PMC7883458 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid stenosis is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke, and carotid artery stenting is an effective preventive procedure. However, the stroke risk reduction for asymptomatic patients is small. Therefore, it is important to reduce the risk of complications, particularly in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Statins are known to reduce the overall risk of periprocedural complications, although there is a lack of data focusing on asymptomatic patients. We aimed to investigate whether different doses of statin pretreatment can reduce periprocedural complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Methods Between July 2003 and June 2013, 276 consecutive patients received CAS for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Periprocedural complications included the outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 30 days of CAS. Statin pretreatment was categorized as no-statin (n = 87, 31.5%), standard-dose (< 40 mg, n = 139, 50.4%), and high-dose statin (≥40 mg, n = 50, 18.1%) according to the atorvastatin equivalent dose. The Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test was performed to investigate the association of periprocedural complications with statin dose. Results The overall periprocedural complication rate was 3.3%. There was no significant difference in the risk of periprocedural complications between the three groups (no statin: n = 3 [3.4%]; standard-dose: n = 4 [2.9%]; high-dose n = 2 [4.0%] p = 0.923). The CA trend test did not demonstrate a trend in the proportion of periprocedural complications across increasing statin equivalent doses (p = 0.919). Conclusions Statin pretreatment before CAS showed neither absolute nor dose-dependent effects against periprocedural complications in asymptomatic patients undergoing CAS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02104-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Huimahn Choi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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7
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Paraskevas KI, Veith FJ, Eckstein HH, Ricco JB, Mikhailidis DP. Cholesterol, carotid artery disease and stroke: what the vascular specialist needs to know. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1265. [PMID: 33178797 PMCID: PMC7607102 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for carotid artery stenosis and stroke. Statins are the main drugs for the management of hypercholesterolemia and they are strongly recommended by international guidelines for the management of vascular patients. The present review will focus on the associations between cholesterol, carotid artery stenosis and stroke and will cover several topics, including the conservative and perioperative/periprocedural management of carotid patients, the effect of statins on contrast-induced nephropathy developing after endovascular carotid interventions, the role of statin loading prior to endovascular procedures, as well as the indirect beneficial effects of statin treatment on renal function. It will also discuss the topics of statin intolerance and alternative cholesterol-lowering options for statin-intolerant vascular patients. Cholesterol levels play a prognostic role in carotid patients with regards to both short- and long-term stroke and mortality rates. Physicians should keep in mind the pivotal role of cholesterol levels in determining cardiovascular outcomes and the pleiotropic beneficial effects associated with statin use and should not miss the opportunity for cardiovascular risk reduction with aggressive statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas I Paraskevas
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Central Clinic of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank J Veith
- Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, USA.,Division of Vascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ricco
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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8
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Elective carotid stenting after urgent best medical treatment suppresses recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid artery severe stenosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Pini R, Faggioli G, Indelicato G, Palermo S, Vacirca A, Gallitto E, Mascoli C, Gargiulo M. Predictors and Consequences of Silent Brain Infarction in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105108. [PMID: 32912519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Silent brain infarction (SBI) is associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS), and is therefore one of the criteria for performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Despite an extensive literature, this issue is still a matter of debate. Aim of the present work was to evaluate incidence and predictors of SBI in patients undergoing CEA for ACS, and to investigate its possible impact on CEA outcome. METHODS All patients submitted to CEA in a single academic center from 2005 to 2019 were prospectively inserted into a specific database. The presence of SBI was evaluated by preoperative computed tomography (CT), considering exclusively infarctions in the carotid territories from an athero-embolic source. Preoperative characteristics were investigated as possible risk factor for SBI at the uni- and multivariate analysis. The impact of SBI on stroke occurrence after CEA was also evaluated. RESULTS In the designated period, over a total of 1288 ACS considered and submitted to CEA, 105 (8.2%) were associated with SBI. Male sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, contralateral carotid occlusion and severity of carotid stenosis were associated with SBI at the univariate analysis; preoperative statin therapy showed to be a protective factor. At the multivariate analysis, contralateral carotid occlusion and severity of stenosis were independently associated with SBI (OR: 3.16, 95%CI 1.62-6.18, P=.001; OR: 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.07, P=.004, respectively), with statin therapy confirmed as a protective factor (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.40-0.92, P=.002). Overall post-CEA stroke rate was 0.9%, with a higher post-operative risk independently predicted by the presence of SBI (OR:4.23, 95%CI: 1.40-12.73, P=.01). CONCLUSION SBI is present in 8% of patients with ACS, and is significantly associated with contralateral carotid occlusion and severity of the carotid stenosis. Statin therapy reduces the occurrence of this phenomenon. The presence of SBI should be carefully considered in indication to CEA since it significantly increases the surgical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Pini
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Gianluca Faggioli
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Giuseppe Indelicato
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Sergio Palermo
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Andrea Vacirca
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Enrico Gallitto
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Chiara Mascoli
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, 40138 Bologna.
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Liang P, Solomon Y, Swerdlow NJ, Li C, Varkevisser RRB, de Guerre LEVM, Schermerhorn ML. In-hospital outcomes alone underestimate rates of 30-day major adverse events after carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:1233-1241. [PMID: 32063441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Outcome studies using databases collecting only hospital discharge data underestimate morbidity and mortality because of failure to capture postdischarge events. The proportion of postdischarge major adverse events is well characterized in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) but has yet to be characterized after carotid artery stenting (CAS). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing CAS from 2011 to 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program procedure targeted database to evaluate rates of 30-day major adverse events, stratified by in-hospital and postdischarge occurrences. The primary outcome was 30-day stroke/death. Multivariable analysis using purposeful selection was used to identify independent factors associated with in-hospital, postdischarge, and 30-day stroke/death events. RESULTS Of the 899 patients undergoing CAS, reporting of in-hospital outcomes alone would yield a stroke/death rate of 2.7%, substantially underestimating the 30-day stroke/death rate of 4.0%. In fact, 35% of stroke/deaths, 27% of strokes, 73% of deaths, 35% of cardiac events, and 35% of stroke/death/cardiac events occurred after discharge. More postdischarge stroke/death events occurred after treatment of symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients (47% vs 27%; P < .001). During this same study period, the 30-day stroke/death rate after CEA was 2.6%, with similar proportions of postdischarge strokes (28% vs 27%; P = .51) compared with CAS but lower proportions of postdischarge deaths (55% vs 73%; P < .001). After CAS, patients experiencing postdischarge stroke/death events had a shorter postoperative length of stay compared with patients with in-hospital stroke/death (1 [1-2] vs 5 [3-10] days; P < .001). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was independently associated with postdischarge stroke/death (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-16; P = .02) after CAS. Nonwhite ethnicity was independently associated with overall 30-day stroke/death (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-7.9; P < .01), whereas statin use was associated with not having stroke/death within 30 days (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0; P = .049). CONCLUSIONS More than one-quarter of perioperative strokes occur following discharge after both CAS and CEA. A higher proportion of postdischarge deaths occur after CAS in symptomatic patients, which may reflect treatment of a population of higher risk patients. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the cause of postdischarge stroke to develop methods to reduce these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Yoel Solomon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nicholas J Swerdlow
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Chun Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Rens R B Varkevisser
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Livia E V M de Guerre
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc L Schermerhorn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Dakour-Aridi H, Faateh M, Kuo PL, Zarkowsky DS, Beck A, Malas MB. The Vascular Quality Initiative 30-day stroke/death risk score calculator after transfemoral carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:526-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Shinozaki N, Murakami T, Ohno Y, Nakano M, Fujii T, Nakazawa G, Yoshimachi F, Ikari Y. Effect of high-dose strong statin for preventing periprocedural ischemic complications of carotid artery stenting. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:762-768. [PMID: 31925501 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Statin therapy has been shown to induce carotid atherosclerotic plaque regression and reduce the periprocedural ischemic complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS). This study assessed the safety and usefulness of pretreatment using a high-dose strong statin (HDSS) to reduce the periprocedural ischemic complications of CAS. We analyzed 117 carotid lesions treated by CAS that were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 48 h after the procedure. For 67 lesions, an HDSS (rosuvastatin 20 mg or atorvastatin 40 mg daily) were prescribed from at least 14 days before CAS to at least 14 days after procedure (HDSS group). Clinical and angiographic data, as well as in-hospital outcomes, of the HDSS group were retrospectively compared with 50 lesions with conventional treatment without an HDSS (non-HDSS group). There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical and procedural characteristics between the two groups. There was no side effect related to the HDSS. Stroke rates were similar between the two groups (3.0% in HDSS group vs 8.0% in non-HDSS group, p = 0.22). All were minor strokes. Compared to the non-HDSS group, the HDSS group had a lower frequency of new lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with MRI (25.4% vs 44.0%, p = 0.0345). New ipsilateral DWI-positive rate in the HDSS group was significantly lower than in the non-HDSS group (16.4% vs 34.0%, p = 0.0275). Nonipsilateral (contralateral or posterior circulation) DWI-positive rates were similar between the two groups (13.4% vs 20.0%, p = 0.34). Pretreatment with an HDSS might reduce the periprocedural ischemic complications of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Shinozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimachi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikari
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The effects of statin loading before, during or after vascular interventions on cardiovascular and renal outcomes are discussed. Furthermore, the selection of optimal statin type and dose, according to current evidence or guidelines, is considered. The importance of treating statin intolerance and avoiding statin discontinuation is also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Statin loading has been shown to beneficially affect cardiovascular outcomes, total mortality and/or contrast-induced acute kidney injury, in patients undergoing vascular procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid artery stenting, endovascular aneurysm repair, open abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) repair and lower extremities vascular interventions. High-dose statin pretreatment is recommended for PCI and CABG according to current guidelines. Statin discontinuation should be avoided during acute cardiovascular events and vascular interventions; adequate measures should be implemented to overcome statin intolerance. SUMMARY Statin loading is an important clinical issue in patients with cardiac and noncardiac vascular diseases, including carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease and AAA, undergoing vascular interventions. Cardiologists and vascular surgeons should be aware of current evidence and implement guidelines in relation to statin loading, discontinuation and intolerance.
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14
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Song TJ, Oh SH, Kim J. The impact of statin therapy after surgical or endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:182-189. [PMID: 31125972 DOI: 10.3171/2019.3.jns183500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral aneurysms represent the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Statins are lipid-lowering agents that may expert multiple pleiotropic vascular protective effects. The authors hypothesized that statin therapy after coil embolization or surgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms might improve clinical outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Database in Korea. Patients who underwent coil embolization or surgical clipping for cerebral aneurysm between 2002 and 2013 were included. Based on prescription claims, the authors calculated the proportion of days covered (PDC) by statins during follow-up as a marker of statin therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of the development of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death. Multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 1381 patients who underwent coil embolization (n = 542) or surgical clipping (n = 839) of cerebral aneurysms were included in this study. During the mean (± SD) follow-up period of 3.83 ± 3.35 years, 335 (24.3%) patients experienced the primary outcome. Adjustments were performed for sex, age (as a continuous variable), treatment modality, aneurysm rupture status (ruptured or unruptured aneurysm), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, household income level, and prior history of ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage as time-independent variables and statin therapy during follow-up as a time-dependent variable. Consistent statin therapy (PDC > 80%) was significantly associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.85). CONCLUSIONS Consistent statin therapy was significantly associated with better prognosis after coil embolization or surgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Song
- 1Department of Neurology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- 2Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam; and
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- 2Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam; and
- 3Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Chung JW, Kim SJ, Hwang J, Lee MJ, Lee J, Lee KY, Park MS, Sung SM, Kim KH, Jeon P, Bang OY. Comparison of Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine/ Ginkgo Biloba in Patients With Clopidogrel Resistance and Carotid Stenting. Front Neurol 2019; 10:44. [PMID: 30761076 PMCID: PMC6363652 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) who show low responsiveness to clopidogrel may have a higher risk of peri-procedural embolic events. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel and ticlopidine plus Ginkgo biloba in clopidogrel-resistant patients undergoing CAS. Methods: In this multi-center, randomized, controlled trial, we used platelet reactivity test to select patients undergoing CAS who showed clopidogrel resistance, and compared treatments using clopidogrel and ticlopidine plus ginkgo. The primary outcome was the incidence of new ischemic lesion in the ipsilateral hemisphere of CAS. Detection of microembolic signal on transcranial Doppler was the secondary outcome. The clinical outcomes were also monitored. Results: This trial was discontinued after 42 patients were randomized after preplanned interim sample size re-estimation indicated an impractical sample size. The primary endpoint occurred in 12/22 patients (54.5%) in the clopidogrel group and 13/20 patients (65.0%) in the ticlopidine–ginkgo group (P = 0.610). No significant differences in the presence of microembolic signal (15.0 vs. 11.8%, P = 0.580), clinical outcomes (ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, 0.0 vs. 5.5%; acute myocardial infarction 0.0 vs. 0.0%; all-cause death, 4.5 vs. 0.0%), or incidence of adverse events were found in the two groups. In terms of resistance to clopidogrel, treatment with ticlopidine–ginkgo significantly increased the P2Y12 Reaction Units (difference, 0.0 [−0.3–3.0] vs. 21.0 [6.0–35.0], P < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients who showed clopidogrel resistance, ticlopidine–ginkgo treatment was safe and increased P2Y12 Reaction Units; however, compared to clopidogrel, it failed to improve surrogate and clinical endpoints in patients undergoing CAS. This multimodal biomarker-based clinical trial is feasible in neurointerventional research. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02133989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaechun Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Ji Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Yul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Sung
- Department of Neurology Busan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Keon Ha Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pyoung Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP. Lipids: a personal view of the past decade. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:461-478. [PMID: 30229482 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed considerable progress in the field of lipids. New drugs have been "rapidly" developed and some of these drugs have already been evaluated in event-based large trials. This evidence has led to the guidelines recommending new, more aggressive treatment goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Although LDL-C remains the principal goal for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction, there has also been considerable interest in other lipid variables, such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a). Statin intolerance is now considered a very important topic in daily clinical practice. This has resulted in more attention focusing on non-statin drugs [e.g., ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors] and statin-related side effects. The latter mainly involve muscles, but there is also a need to consider other adverse effects associated with statin use (e.g., new onset diabetes). New specific areas of statin use have attracted interest. For example, statin-loading before procedures (e.g., coronary stenting), the prevention of stroke, and the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Statins will remain the most widely used drugs to treat dyslipidaemia and decrease CVD risk. However, we also need to briefly consider some other lipid-lowering drugs, including those that may become available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
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17
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The effect of statin use and intensity on stroke and myocardial infarction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:1398-1405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Colussi G, Zuttion F, Bais B, Dolso P, Valente M, Gigli GL, Gasparini D, Sponza M, Catena C, Sechi LA, Cavarape A. Pre-Procedural Statin Use Is Associated with Improved Long-Term Survival and Reduced Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E286. [PMID: 30227674 PMCID: PMC6162515 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a minimal invasive procedure used to resolve carotid occlusion that can be affected by peri-procedural complications. Statin use before CAS has shown to reduce peri-procedural risk and improve survival, though time-dependent cofactors that influence mortality has not been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term survival of patients who undergo CAS considering new occurred major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) as time-dependent cofactor. In this study, 171 high cardiovascular risk patients (age 72 ± 8 years, 125 males) were enrolled after CAS procedure and were followed for a median of 8.4 years. Death occurred in 44% of patients with a mean time to death of 69 ± 39 months and MACE in 34% with a mean time of 35 ± 42 months. In patients who used or not statins at baseline, death occurred in 33% and 65%, respectively (p < 0.001). Survival analysis showed that statin use reduced risk of death (hazard ratio HR 0.36, 95% confidence interval CI 0.23⁻0.58, p < 0.0001). Including MACE as time-dependent variable did not change beneficial effects of statins. Additionally, statin use was associated with a protective effect on MACE (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27⁻0.85, p = 0.012); particularly, the prevalence of stroke was reduced by 59% (p = 0.018). In multivariate analysis, effects of statins were independent of demographic and anthropometric variables, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, antiplatelet use, and MACE occurrence. In conclusion, use of statins before CAS procedure is associated with increased long-term survival and reduced MACE occurrence. This evidence supports the hypothesis that statin use before CAS might be beneficial in high risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Colussi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zuttion
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Bruno Bais
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Dolso
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniele Gasparini
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sponza
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Catena
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cavarape
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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19
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Hussain MA, Saposnik G, Raju S, Salata K, Mamdani M, Tu JV, Bhatt DL, Verma S, Al‐Omran M. Association Between Statin Use and Cardiovascular Events After Carotid Artery Revascularization. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009745. [PMID: 30369318 PMCID: PMC6201401 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins are commonly used for the prevention of cardiovascular events; however, statins are underutilized in patients with noncoronary atherosclerosis. We sought to establish the rates of statin use in patients with carotid artery disease and to examine the association between statin therapy and outcomes after carotid revascularization. Methods and Results In this population-level retrospective cohort study, we identified all individuals aged ≥66 years who underwent carotid endarterectomy or stenting in Ontario, Canada (2002-2014). The primary outcome was a composite of 1-year stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events). Five-year risks were also examined. Adjusted hazard ratios were computed using inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores. A total of 7893 of 10 723 patients (73.6%) who underwent carotid revascularization were on preprocedural statin therapy; moderate- or high-dose therapy was utilized by 7384 patients (68.9%). The composite rate of 1-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was lower among statin users (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.83). Patients who were on persistent long-term statin therapy after the carotid procedure continued to experience significantly lower risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.80). The beneficial associations with statin use were observed regardless of type of carotid revascularization procedure, carotid artery symptom status, or statin dose. Conclusions Continuous statin therapy was associated with a 25% lower risk of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with significant carotid disease. Along with other supportive evidence, statins should be considered in patients undergoing carotid revascularization, and efforts are required to increase statin use in this undertreated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad A. Hussain
- Division of Vascular SurgerySt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Division of NeurologySt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sneha Raju
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Konrad Salata
- Division of Vascular SurgerySt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
- King Saud University‐Li Ka Shing Collaborative Research ProgramKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack V. Tu
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of CardiologySchulich Heart CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac SurgerySt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- King Saud University‐Li Ka Shing Collaborative Research ProgramKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al‐Omran
- Division of Vascular SurgerySt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
- King Saud University‐Li Ka Shing Collaborative Research ProgramKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Texakalidis P, Giannopoulos S, Jonnalagadda AK, Chitale RV, Jabbour P, Armstrong EJ, Schwartz GG, Kokkinidis DG. Preoperative Use of Statins in Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endovasc Ther 2018; 25:624-631. [PMID: 30101624 DOI: 10.1177/1526602818794030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine through meta-analysis whether administration of statins before carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with fewer periprocedural adverse events. METHODS All randomized and observational English-language studies of periprocedural statin administration prior to CAS that reported the outcomes of interest (stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and death at 30 days) were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis was performed to determine whether an association of statin treatment with risk of outcome events was influenced by other trial-level baseline characteristics of statin-treated and untreated patients. RESULTS Eleven studies comprising 4088 patients were included. Patients who received statins prior to CAS had a significantly lower risk of stroke (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.58, p<0.01; I2=0%) and death (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.96, p=0.042; I2=0%). Statin use was not associated with a reduced risk of transient ischemic attack or myocardial infarction. In meta-regression analysis, other trial-level baseline characteristics had no significant influence on the association of statin treatment with death or stroke. CONCLUSION Statin therapy prior to CAS is associated with decreased risk of perioperative stroke and death without any effect on the rates of transient ischemic attack or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anil K Jonnalagadda
- 3 Division of Cardiology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rohan V Chitale
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ehrin J Armstrong
- 6 Division of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gregory G Schwartz
- 6 Division of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- 7 Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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21
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Outcome of Carotid Artery Endarterectomy in Statin Users versus Statin-Naïve Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:444-450.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Yu W, Wang B, Zhan B, Li Q, Li Y, Zhu Z, Yan Z. Statin therapy improved long-term prognosis in patients with major non-cardiac vascular surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 109:1-16. [PMID: 29953967 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether statin intervention will improve the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing major non-cardiac vascular surgeries. METHODS Major database searches for clinical trials enrolling patients undergoing major non-cardiac vascular surgeries, including lower limb revascularization, carotid artery surgeries, arteriovenous fistula, and aortic surgeries, were performed. Subgroup analyses, stratified by surgical types or study types, were employed to obtain statistical results regarding survival, patency rates, amputation, and cardiovascular and stroke events. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Review Manager 5.3. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias and meta-regression were conducted by Stata 14.0. RESULTS In total, 34 observational studies, 8 prospective cohort studies and 4 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were enrolled in the present analysis. It was demonstrated that statin usage improved all-cause mortality in lower limb, carotid, aortic and mixed types of vascular surgery subgroups compared with those in which statins were not used. Additionally, the employment of statins efficiently enhanced the primary and secondary patency rates and significantly decreased the amputation rates in the lower limb revascularization subgroup. Furthermore, for other complications, statin intervention decreased cardiovascular events in mixed types of vascular surgeries and stroke incidence in the carotid surgery subgroup. No significant publication bias was observed. The meta-regression results showed that the morbidity of cardiovascular disease or the use of aspirin might affect the overall estimates in several subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that statin therapy was associated with improved survival rates and patency rates and with reduced cardiovascular or stroke morbidities in patients who underwent non-cardiac vascular surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Yu
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China; The Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing, The Chongqing Geriatric Hospital, Chongqing 400053, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- The Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing, The Chongqing Geriatric Hospital, Chongqing 400053, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yingsha Li
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China.
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23
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Dai Z, Li R, Zhao N, Han Y, Wang M, Zhang S, Bai Y, Li Z, Liang M, Xiao L, Ma M, Liu X, Xu G. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Angiology 2018; 70:160-165. [PMID: 29940783 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718784805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays a vital role in the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a sensitive inflammatory marker. We explored the association between NLR and ISR in CAS patients. A total of 427 patients who underwent CAS were enrolled. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was measured before the procedure. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation were performed at 6 months and annually after the procedure. In-stent restenosis was defined as ≥50% stenosis in the treated lesion. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of ISR after CAS. Of the 459 arteries (in 427 patients) with CAS, 72 (15.7%) were identified with ISR during a mean follow-up of 14.6 (19.1) months (range, 0.7-120.7 months). Increased NLR (≥2.13) was significantly related to ISR in patients with asymptomatic stenosis ( P = .001). However, significance was not observed in symptomatic stenosis. On multivariate analysis, baseline NLR ≥ 2.13 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-5.14), smoking (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.11-3.58), residual stenosis (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15), and baseline glucose level (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02) were associated with ISR. Elevated NLR may be a predictor of ISR after CAS for asymptomatic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengze Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Han
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjie Bai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zibao Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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