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Jang SH, Park H, Hong JH, Yoo J, Lee H, Kim HA, Sohn SI. Impact of High-Intensity Statin on Early Neurologic Deterioration in Patients with Single Small Subcortical Infarction. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093260. [PMID: 37176701 PMCID: PMC10179331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS One of the major hypotheses for early neurological deterioration (END) in single small subcortical infarction (SSSI) is the process of atherosclerosis. However, the association between statin therapy, especially high-intensity statin therapy, and its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of END during the acute phase of SSSI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of high-intensity statin therapy compared to moderate-intensity statin therapy during the acute phase on the incidence of END in SSSI. METHODS The records of 492 patients with SSSI who received statin therapy within 72 h of symptom onset from a prospective stroke registry were analyzed. The association between END and statin intensity was evaluated using multivariable regression analysis for adjusted odds ratio (aOR). RESULTS Of the 492 patients with SSSI (mean age: 67.2 years, median NIHSS score on admission: 3), END occurred in 102 (20.7%). Older age (aOR, 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.05; p = 0.017), and branch atheromatous lesion (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI 2.16-5.74; p < 0.001) were associated with END. Early high-intensity statin therapy was associated with a lower incidence of END than moderate-intensity statin therapy (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.77; p = 0.004). In addition, there was significantly lower incidence of END in early administration (≤24 h) of high-intensity statin group. CONCLUSIONS We identified an association between the intensity of early statin therapy and END in patients with SSSI. Early administration of high-intensity statin (≤24 h) is associated with a reduced incidence of END in patients with SSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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2
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Guk HS, Kim DY, Hong KS, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Park MS, Yum KS, Shin DI, Gwak DS, Kim DE, Kim YS, Kang K, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Lee M, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Park HK, Cho YJ, Kang CH, Kim JG, Choi JC, Jang SH, Park H, Hong JH, Sohn SI, Park TH, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Lee KB, Kwon DH, Lee J, Lee KJ, Lee SH, Chul Ho K, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ. Abstract WMP97: Symptomatic Steno-occlusion Of Major Cerebral Arteries And Stroke Recurrence In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wmp97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
There is lack of knowledge on whether symptomatic steno-occlusion (SYSO), common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), could increase the long-term risk of stroke recurrence in these patients.
Methods:
From a prospective cohort of patients with AIS and AF enrolled in 14 centers between Oct 2017 and Dec 2018, we identified patients who underwent MR angiography during hospitalization and completed 3-year follow-up including death during follow-up. SYSO was defined as (1)
≥
50% stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries relevant to acute infarction or (2) any residual stenosis after endovascular treatment. Using cause-specific hazard models with non-stroke death as a competing risk, the risk of any recurrent stroke and recurrent ischemic stroke was estimated according to SYSO, respectively.
Results:
A total of 889 patients (mean age, 74.4 years; men, 54.6 %; median NIHSS, 6) were analyzed for this study. During the median 1096 days of follow-up, 152 any recurrent strokes, 142 recurrent ischemic strokes, and 208 deaths were observed. Patients with SYSO, compared to those without, were more likely to be older, be female, have hypertension, diabetes and history of stroke/TIA, and be on antiplatelets at discharge and were less likely to be on anticoagulants at discharge (
p
<.05). The cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke in patients with and without SYSO was 25.2% and 8.3% at 1 month, 33.1% and 9.9% at 1 year, and 41.8% and 13.1% at 3 years, respectively (
p
<.001). With adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, history of stroke/TIA, discharge antiplatelets, and discharge anticoagulants, SYSO increased the risk of any stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 3.02 [2.18-4.20];
p
<.001) and ischemic stroke recurrence (3.20 [2.28-4.51];
p
<.001).
Conclusions:
SYSO in AIS patients with AF substantially increased the risk of recurrent stroke by a 3-fold or more. Accordingly, SYSO should be considered in stratifying the risk of recurrence in AIS patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seok Guk
- Gunsan Med Cntr, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do,, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon Ku Han
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Seok Gwak
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae G Kim
- Eulji Univ Hosp, Eulji Univ, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Eulji Univ Hosp, Eulji Univ, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Chul-Hoo Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sung-il Sohn
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tai H Park
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | | | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Dept of Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Korea Univ Guro Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kim Chul Ho
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Juneyoung Lee
- Dept of Biostatistics, Korea Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
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LEE JY, Kang K, Kim YS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Yoon BA, Han MK, Kim BJ, Kang J, Kim JY, Park TH, Park SS, Choi JK, Lee KB, LEE JUN, Kwon DH, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee M, Kim JT, Choi K, Kim DE, Gwak DS, Choi JC, Kim J, Kang CH, Shin DI, Yum KS, Kim BK, Chae HY, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park H, Jang SH, Kim CH, Lee S, LEE JUNEYOUNG, Lee JS, Park JM, BAE HJ. Abstract WP98: Utilization Of Perfusion Imaging For Acute Ischemic Stroke: Secular Trends And Effects On Outcomes Of Endovascular Treatment. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Perfusion imaging (PI) could guide decision-making for endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, PI was underused even in the US before the pivotal EVT trials proved its usefulness in 2018. This study aimed to describe the secular trends of PI utilization and investigate the effectiveness of PI-based EVT in real-world practice.
Methods:
Using a prospective multicenter (n=17) stroke registry in South Korea, we identified patients with AIS who presented within 24 hours from onset between 2011 and 2021. The study period was divided into 3 epochs: 2011-2014, 2015-2017, and 2018-2021. The study population was divided into the early (arrival within 6 hours) and late window (6-24 hours) groups.
Results:
A total of 51,650 patients (15,654 patients in 2011-2014, 14,432 patients in 2015-2017, and 21,564 patients in 2018-2021) were analyzed. Utilization of PI decreased in the overall population and early window group (
P
trend
<0.001); 43.3% and 54.1% in 2011-2014, 40.1% and 44.1% in 2015-2017, and 38.4% and 40.2% in 2018-2021, respectively; but increased in the late window group (
P
trend
<0.001); 31.3% in 2011-2014, 35.7% in 2015-2017, and 36.5% in 2018-2021. Of 10,872 patients with anterior large-vessel occlusion (aLVO), the EVT rate was not different between patients with and without PI (48.7% vs. 46.6%,
P
=0.08) in the early window but higher in those with PI than without PI in the late window (29.8% vs. 18.7%,
P
<0.001). The EVT outcome (3-month mRS 0-2) was not different between patients with and without PI in the early window (44.1% vs. 41.8%,
P
=0.21) and late window (38.4% vs. 39.2%,
P
=0.81). Propensity score analysis and instrumental variable analysis with PI rate per center as an instrument will be performed to adjust imbalances between patients with and without PI.
Conclusion:
Between 2011 and 2021 in South Korea, PI utilization has decreased in patients arriving within 6 hours from onset but has increased in those arriving between 6 and 24 hours. Among patients with aLVO, PI likely increased the EVT rate in the late window but did not in the early window. PI utilization did not seem to affect the EVT outcomes, but in-depth analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yoon LEE
- Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Eulji General Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Jae G Kim
- EULJI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, Daejeon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Byeol-A Yoon
- Neurology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- SEOUL NATL UNIV BUNDANG HOSP, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- SNU BUNDANG HOSPITAL, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hospit, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Y Kim
- SEOUL NATL UNIV BUNDANG HOSPITAL, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tai H Park
- Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Jin-Kyo Choi
- Neurology, Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - JUN LEE
- Yeungnam Univ Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Keun-sik Hong
- ILSAN PAIK HOSPITAL INJE UNIV, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-jin Cho
- INJE UNIVERSITY ILSAN PAIK HOSPITAL, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Byung-Chul Lee
- HALLYM NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Anyang City, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi S Oh
- Hallym Sacred Heart Hosptial, Anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kangho Choi
- CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Seok Gwak
- Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Joonggoo Kim
- JEJU NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Baik Kyun Kim
- Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-Yoon Chae
- Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jee-hyun Kwon
- DEPT NEUROLOGY ULSAN UNIV HOSPIT, Ulsan, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Sung-il Sohn
- Keimyung Univ. Dongsan Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- KEIMYUNG UNIV DONGSAN HOSPITAL, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Keimyung Univ Dongsan hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheo -si, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | | | - Hee-joon BAE
- Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
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Kwon DH, Jang SH, Park H, Sohn SI, Hong JH. Emergency Cervical Carotid Artery Stenting After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e156. [PMID: 35578588 PMCID: PMC9110268 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) is the mainstay of treatment for acute ischemic stroke to recanalize thrombosed intracranial vessels within 4.5 hours. Emergency carotid artery stenting for the treatment of acute stroke due to steno-occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) can improve symptoms, prevent neurological deterioration, and reduce recurrent stroke risk. The feasibility and safety of the combination therapy of IV rtPA and urgent carotid artery stenting have not been established. METHODS From November 2005 to October 2020, we retrospectively assessed patients who had undergone emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA for hyperacute ischemic stroke due to steno-occlusive proximal ICA lesion. Hemorrhagic transformation, successful recanalization, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days, and stent patency at 3 and 12 months or longer were evaluated. Favorable outcome was defined as a 90-days mRS score of ≤ 2. RESULTS Nineteen patients with hyperacute stroke had undergone emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA therapy. Their median age was 70 (67.5-73.5) years (94.7% men). Among 15 patients with an additional intracranial occlusion after flow restoration in the proximal ICA, a modified TICI grade ≥ 2b was achieved in 11 patients (73.3%). Hemorrhagic transformation occurred in five patients (26.3%); mortality rate was 5.7%. Eleven patients (57.9%) had favorable outcomes at 90 days. Stent patients (94.1%) maintained stent patency for ≥ 12 months. CONCLUSION We showed that emergent carotid artery stenting after IV rtPA therapy for hyperacute stroke caused by atherosclerotic proximal ICA steno-occlusion was feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Lee S, Jang SH, Suzuki-Narita M, Gregoire S, Millecamps M, Stone LS. Voluntary running attenuates behavioural signs of low back pain: dimorphic regulation of intervertebral disc inflammation in male and female SPARC-null mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:110-123. [PMID: 34534663 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of running exercise on behavioral measures of pain and intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation in the SPARC-null mouse model. METHODS Male and female 8-month old SPARC-null and age-matched control mice received a home cage running wheel or a control, fixed wheel for 6 months. Behavioral assays were performed to assess axial discomfort (grip test) and radiating leg pain (von Frey, acetone tests) and voluntary running was confirmed. Expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL5, RANKL, M-CSF, and VEGF) in IVDs was determined. Additional inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-1Ra, CXCR1, CXCR2) and macrophage phenotypic markers (ITGAM, CD80, CD86, CD206, Arg1) in IVDs were investigated by qPCR. RESULTS Voluntary running attenuated behavioral measures of pain in male and female SPARC-null mice. Increases in mediators including IL-1β, CXCL1 and CXCL5 were observed in SPARC-null compared to control IVDs. After 6 months of running, increases in M-CSF and VEGF were observed in male SPARC-null IVDs. In females, pro-inflammatory mediators, including CXCL1 and CXCL5 were downregulated by running in SPARC-null mice. qPCR analysis further confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of running in female IVDs with increased IL-1Ra mRNA. Running induced upregulation of the macrophage marker ITGAM mRNA in males. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary running reversed behavioral signs of pain in male and female mice and reduced inflammatory mediators in females, but not males. Thus, the therapeutic mechanism of action may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S H Jang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Suzuki-Narita
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Gregoire
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Millecamps
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L S Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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6
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Jang SH, Park H, Yoo J, Hong JH, Lee JS, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Hong JM, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Sohn SI. Intracranial non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus may indicate underlying etiology of large vessel occlusion in patients undergoing endovascular therapy. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:997-1001. [PMID: 34615687 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying etiology of intracranial non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus (iNOT) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the presence of iNOT can indicate the underlying etiology of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). METHODS Among patients who underwent EVT at three comprehensive stroke centers, we included those with intracranial LVO in the anterior circulation. The presence of iNOT was determined by pretreatment DSA. We investigated the association between iNOT and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) related LVO. RESULTS Of 546 patients, 44 (8.1%) had iNOT. Patients with iNOT were younger, had less hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and a history of antiplatelet use. In addition, the involvement of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was more frequent. However, they had a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and longer onset to recanalization time compared with patients with no iNOT. In a logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, smoking, prior antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, NIHSS on admission, number of technical trials, intraprocedural re-occlusion, and the location of LVO (p<0.10 in the univariate analysis), the presence of iNOT was significantly associated with ICAS related LVO (adjusted OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.90; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The presence of iNOT may reflect an underlying ICAS related LVO in patients undergoing EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonging Severance Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Won Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Man Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Choi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Choi H, Ko Y, Lee CY, Chung SJ, Kim HI, Kim JH, Park S, Hwang YI, Jang SH, Jung KS, Kim YK, Park JY. Impact of COVID-19 on TB epidemiology in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:854-860. [PMID: 34615583 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Five referral hospitals, South Korea.OBJECTIVE: To assess epidemiological changes in TB before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.DESIGN: This was a multicentre cohort study of 3,969 patients diagnosed with TB.RESULTS: We analysed 3,453 patients diagnosed with TB prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2016-February 2020) and 516 during the pandemic (March-November 2020). During the pandemic, the number of patients visits declined by 15% from the previous 4-year average, and the number of patients diagnosed with TB decreased by 17%. Patients diagnosed during the pandemic were older than those diagnosed before the pandemic (mean age, 60.2 vs. 56.6 years, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients to have primary TB at a younger age (births after 1980) among those diagnosed with TB was significantly lower during the pandemic than before (17.8% in 2020 vs. 23.5% in 2016, 24.0% in 2017, 22.5% in 2018, 23.5% in 2019; P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reduction in the number of visits to respiratory departments, leading to fewer patients being diagnosed with TB. However, our results suggest that universal personal preventive measures help to suppress TB transmission in regions with intermediate TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Y Ko
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan, Korea
| | - H I Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y I Hwang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S H Jang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - K-S Jung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Jang SH, Sohn SI, Park H, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Hong JM, Kim CH, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Hong JH. The Safety of Intra-arterial Tirofiban during Endovascular Therapy after Intravenous Thrombolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1633-1637. [PMID: 34301637 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of tirofiban during endovascular therapy in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant IV tPA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial tirofiban use during endovascular therapy in patients treated with IV tPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a multicenter registry, we enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy. Safety outcomes included postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type 2 and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality. Efficacy outcomes included the successful reperfusion rate, postprocedural reocclusion, and good outcomes at 3 months (mRS scores of 0-2). The tirofiban effect on the outcomes was evaluated using a multivariable analysis while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among enrolled patients, we identified 314 patients with stroke (279 and 35 patients in the no tirofiban and tirofiban groups, respectively) due to an intracranial artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with intravenous thrombolysis. A multivariable analysis revealed no association of intra-arterial tirofiban with postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.20-4.10; P = .918), intraventricular hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.02-2.85; P = .467), and 3-month mortality (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.04-1.87; P = .299). Intra-arterial tirofiban was not associated with good outcome (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 0.89 -6.12; P = .099). CONCLUSIONS Using intra-arterial tirofiban during endovascular therapy after IV tPA could be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-I Sohn
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - H Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-J Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - Y-W Kim
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J M Hong
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - C-H Kim
- Neurosurgery (C.-H.K.), School of Medicine Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Radiology (J.W.C.), School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Y-S Kim
- Radiology (Y.-S.K.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - J-H Hong
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
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Park H, Jeong YS, Lee SH, Jang SH, Kwon DH, Hong JH, Sohn SI, Yoo J. Clinical prognosis of isolated anterior cerebral artery territory infarction: a retrospective study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33882861 PMCID: PMC8059002 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated anterior cerebral artery territory (ACA) infarction is a rare phenomenon, and is known to have distinctive clinical features. Little is known regarding the clinical prognosis of isolated ACA territory infarction with associated factors, and its impact on dwelling and job status. We investigated the short- and long-term outcomes of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory infarction, and the associated factors involved in the development of the distinctive symptoms. Methods This retrospective study in a prospective cohort of acute ischaemic stroke patients included consecutively enrolled patients with isolated ACA territory infarction. We investigated the functional status using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at discharge, three months’ post-discharge, and one-year post-discharge. We also investigated the occlusion site of the ACA (proximal vs. distal); presence of distinctive symptoms of ACA territory infarction including behaviour changes, indifference, aphasia, and urinary incontinence; and the effect of these symptoms on dwelling and job status one year after discharge. Results Between April 2014 and March 2019, 47 patients with isolated ACA territory infarction were included. Twenty-nine patients (61.7 %) had good outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) at discharge; however, the mRS score increased at three months (40; 85.1 %, p < 0.001) and one year (41; 87.2 %) post-discharge. Occlusion of the ACA proximal segment was independently associated with the development of distinctive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 17.68; 95 % confidence interval: 2.55–122.56, p < 0.05). Twenty-one (48.8 %) patients with good outcomes at one year experienced a change in dwelling status and job loss; 20 (95.2 %) of them had distinctive ACA territory symptoms with proximal ACA occlusion. Conclusions Short- and long-term outcomes of isolated ACA territory infarction were favourable. However, proximal segment occlusion was associated with the development of distinctive symptoms, possibly related to future dwelling and job status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Seok Jeong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seo Hyeon Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, 16995, Yongin, Korea.
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Jang SH, Kwon DH, Han MK, Park H, Sohn SI, Choi H, Hong JH. Impact of statin pretreatment on the complications of carotid stenting in asymptomatic patients: observational study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:75. [PMID: 33588788 PMCID: PMC7883458 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid stenosis is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke, and carotid artery stenting is an effective preventive procedure. However, the stroke risk reduction for asymptomatic patients is small. Therefore, it is important to reduce the risk of complications, particularly in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Statins are known to reduce the overall risk of periprocedural complications, although there is a lack of data focusing on asymptomatic patients. We aimed to investigate whether different doses of statin pretreatment can reduce periprocedural complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Methods Between July 2003 and June 2013, 276 consecutive patients received CAS for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Periprocedural complications included the outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 30 days of CAS. Statin pretreatment was categorized as no-statin (n = 87, 31.5%), standard-dose (< 40 mg, n = 139, 50.4%), and high-dose statin (≥40 mg, n = 50, 18.1%) according to the atorvastatin equivalent dose. The Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test was performed to investigate the association of periprocedural complications with statin dose. Results The overall periprocedural complication rate was 3.3%. There was no significant difference in the risk of periprocedural complications between the three groups (no statin: n = 3 [3.4%]; standard-dose: n = 4 [2.9%]; high-dose n = 2 [4.0%] p = 0.923). The CA trend test did not demonstrate a trend in the proportion of periprocedural complications across increasing statin equivalent doses (p = 0.919). Conclusions Statin pretreatment before CAS showed neither absolute nor dose-dependent effects against periprocedural complications in asymptomatic patients undergoing CAS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02104-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Huimahn Choi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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Jang SH, Park SW, Kwon DH, Park H, Sohn SI, Hong JH. The Length of an Infarcted Lesion Along the Perforating Artery Predicts Neurological Deterioration in Single Subcortical Infarction Without Any Relevant Artery Stenosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:553326. [PMID: 33133005 PMCID: PMC7550690 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.553326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Ho Hong
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Park S, Yang BR, Song HJ, Jang SH, Kang DY, Park BJ. Metformin and tuberculosis risk in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:924-930. [PMID: 31533883 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain global health concerns. Metformin has recently received attention for its anti-tuberculosis effects.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of TB development in elderly DM patients treated with metformin compared with sulfonylureas.DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior database. The participants were type-2 DM (T2DM) patients aged ≥60 years between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013. We matched each metformin user to a sulfonylurea user using a propensity score. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of TB in metformin and sulfonylurea users.RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 12,582 patients were in each group. The TB incidence was 280.2/100 000 person-years (py) for metformin users and 394.5/100 000 py for sulfonylurea users. Metformin users had a lower risk of TB development than sulfonylurea users (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95%CI 0.58-0.95), and the results were stronger for male participants. A dose-response relationship between metformin use and TB development was found in both sexes.CONCLUSION: Metformin use was associated with a decreased risk of TB development among elderly T2DM patients compared with sulfonylurea use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul
| | - B R Yang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H J Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si
| | - S H Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si
| | - D Y Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-J Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Jang SH, Sohn SI, Yoo J, Hong JH. Successful Endovascular Thrombectomy in a Patient with Monocular Blindness Due to Thrombus of the Ophthalmic Artery Orifice. J Neurocrit Care 2018. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.180040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Seok HY, Jang SH, You S. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Presenting with Pseudoathetosis. J Clin Neurol 2018; 14:123-125. [PMID: 29629549 PMCID: PMC5765249 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Youl Seok
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sooyeoun You
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Sivakumar S, Prabha D, Barathi S, Nityanandi D, Subbhuraam CV, Lakshmipriya T, Kamala-Kannan S, Jang SH, Yi PI. Erratum to: The influence of the earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) on the activity of selected soil enzymes in cadmium-amended soil. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:538. [PMID: 27581005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea.
| | - D Prabha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - S Barathi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - D Nityanandi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - C V Subbhuraam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - T Lakshmipriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - S H Jang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - P I Yi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
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Ju CS, He LB, Pei YY, Jiang Y, Huang R, Li YM, Liao LJ, Jang SH, Wang YP. Differential expression of two C-type lectins in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and their response to grass carp reovirus. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:787-793. [PMID: 26643267 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cDNAs of two C-type lectins in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, galactose-binding lectin (galbl) and mannose-binding lectin (mbl), were cloned and analysed in this study. Both of them exhibited the highest expression level in liver, whereas their expression pattern differed in early phase of embryonic development. Following exposure to grass carp reovirus (GCRV), the mRNA expression level of galbl and mbl was significantly up-regulated in liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Song University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - L B He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Y Y Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - R Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Y M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - L J Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - S H Jang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Song University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Y P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Jang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Z Yan
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - JA Lazor
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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Sivakumar S, Song YC, Kim SH, Jang SH. Cultivation of a bacterial consortium with the potential to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon using waste activated sludge. J Environ Biol 2015; 36:1373-1380. [PMID: 26688976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge was aerobically treated to demonstrate multiple uses such as cultivating an oil degrading bacterial consortium; studying the influence of a bulking agent (peat moss) and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration on bacterial growth and producing a soil conditioner using waste activated sludge. After 30 days of incubation, the concentration of oil-degrading bacteria was 4.3 x 10(8) CFU g(-1) and 4.5 x 10(8) CFU g(-1) for 5 and 10 g of total petroleum hydrocarbon, respectively, in a mixture of waste activated sludge (1 kg) and peat moss (0.1 kg). This accounts for approximately 88.4 and 91.1%, respectively, of the total heterotrophic bacteria (total-HB). The addition of bulking agent enhanced total-HB population and total petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial population. Over 90% of total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation was achieved by the mixture of waste activated sludge, bulking agent and total petroleum hydrocarbon. The results of physico-chemical parameters of the compost (waste activated sludge with and without added peat moss compost) and a substantial reduction in E. coli showed that the use of this final product did not exhibit risk when used as soil conditioner. Finally, the present study demonstrated that cultivation of total petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium and production of compost from waste activated sludge by aerobic treatment was feasible.
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Jang SH, Seo YS. Injury of the Contralateral Lower Ascending Reticular Activating System by an Intracerebral Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:E58-9. [PMID: 26113072 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sivakumar S, Prabha D, Barathi S, Nityanandi D, Subbhuraam CV, Lakshmipriya T, Kamala-Kannan S, Jang SH, Yi PI. The influence of the earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) on the activity of selected soil enzymes in cadmium-amended soil. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:74. [PMID: 25647789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium (CdCl2·7H2O) on cellulase, urease, amylase, invertase and phosphatase were assessed for a period of 45 days in the presence and absence of earthworms [Lampito mauritii (Kinberg)] in alfisol soil. The activities of all enzymes significantly increased with longer incubation times (45 days) under laboratory conditions in both control and Cd-amended soils (both with and without earthworm incubation). However, the activities of all enzymes decreased with increasing Cd concentrations under laboratory conditions, both in the presence and absence of earthworms. In the presence of earthworms, cellulase, urease, invertase and amylase activities increased. However, phosphatase activity was lower in most of the Cd-amended soils in the presence of earthworms compared to its activity levels in soils lacking earthworms. These results show that earthworms modulated the stress imposed by Cd by providing suitable substrates, which in turn acted as stimulants for extracellular enzyme secretion by microbes, and by removing Cd through its accumulation in the tissues of the earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea,
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Jang SH, Kim HS. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage causes injury of the ascending reticular activating system: relation to consciousness. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:667-71. [PMID: 25572950 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the pathogenetic mechanism of impaired consciousness following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we attempted to investigate the presence of injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, and the relation between this injury and consciousness level in patients with SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 24 consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH following aneurysmal rupture and 21 healthy control subjects. Consciousness level was rated by using the Glasgow Coma Scale. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we reconstructed the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Values of fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient, and tract number of the ascending reticular activating system were measured. RESULTS A significant difference in the tract number was observed between the patient and control groups (P < .05); however, there was no significant difference in terms of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values (P > .05). In addition, regarding the tract number of the patient group, the Glasgow Coma Scale showed strong positive correlations with the tract number on the more affected side (r = 0.890, P < .05), the less affected side (r = 0.798, P < .05), and both sides (r = 0.919, P < .05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the thalamus in patients with SAH. In addition, we observed a close association between injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system and impaired consciousness in patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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Jang SH, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Lee JB. Lichen planus pemphigoides associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:868-71. [PMID: 25546603 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune dermatosis with the features of both lichen planus (LP) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Although in rare cases, LPP has been associated with several medications and conditions, it is generally considered an idiopathic disorder, and its pathogenesis remains uncertain. We report a 56-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of flat-topped, polygonal, violaceous-colored papules and some bullae. She was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which had been treated intermittently with entecavir. Histopathological examination showed the typical features of LP with subepidermal blisters, and with linear deposits of IgG along the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence. Immunoblotting revealed antibodies directed at the BP180 and BP230 antigens. We diagnosed the patient with LPP, and treated the condition with systemic steroids and dapsone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPP in a patient with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S J Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kwon HG, Jang SH. Cingulum injury by external ventricular drainage procedure: diffusion tensor tractography study. Clin Neuroradiol 2013; 25:65-7. [PMID: 24221532 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-013-0269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Kwon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Jang SH, Hutson JA. Latero-posterior directed migration of trunk to the concave side of the curve: a biomechanical principle in treating the three dimensional deformity of idiopathic scoliosis with a custom molded high profile TLSO. Scoliosis 2013. [PMCID: PMC3675340 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-8-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SH Jang
- Assistive Technology Department, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - JA Hutson
- Assistive Technology Department, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about differences in corticospinal tract fibers according to cerebral origin. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we attempted to investigate the characteristics of the CST according to the cerebral origin in the human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six healthy subjects were recruited for this study. A 1.5T Gyroscan Intera system was used for acquisition of DTI. CSTs were reconstructed by selection of fibers passing through seed and target ROIs: seed ROIs, the area of the CST at the pontomedullary junction; target ROIs, the primary motor cortex, the primary somatosensory cortex, the dorsal premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area. RESULTS A significant difference in tract volume was observed in each ROI (P < .05): M1 (2373.6, 36.9%), S1 (2037.7, 31.7%), SMA (1588.0, 24.7%), and dPMC (429.8, 6.7%). Regarding fractional anisotropy values, the dPMC or SMA showed higher values than the M1 or S1; however, the opposite occurred in terms of the mean diffusivity value (P < .05). In addition, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values of the dPMC differed from those of the SMA (P < .05); in contrast, no significant difference was observed between the M1 and S1 (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Tract volume was found to differ according to cerebral origin and was, in descending order, M1, S1, SMA, and dPMC. In addition, the directionality and diffusivity of CST fibers in the SMA and the dPMC differed from those of the M1 and S1, which showed similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Jang SH, Kim J, Lee KY, Jang YS. A microneutralization assay for dengue viruses using mosquito C6/36 cells. Acta Virol 2013; 57:379-381. [PMID: 24020767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Kim SH, Jang SH. Prediction of aphasia outcome using diffusion tensor tractography for arcuate fasciculus in stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:785-90. [PMID: 23042924 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The AF is an important neural tract in language function. We investigated aphasia outcome according to DTT findings for AF in the early stage of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients with aphasia and stroke and 12 control subjects were recruited. The AQ of K-WAB was used for the assessment of aphasia in the early stage of stroke (10-30 days) and at approximately 6 months after onset. We classified the patients into 3 groups according to the severity of left AF injury: type A, the AF was not reconstructed; type B, the AF was disrupted; and type C, the AF was preserved around the lesion. RESULTS When comparing AQ among AF types at early evaluation, the type C score (32.84±18.05) was significantly higher than type A (3.60±2.73) (P<.05). However, no significant difference was observed between types A and B (18.02±17.19) or between types B and C (P>.05). At late evaluation, the AQ values of types B (52.43±25.75) and C (68.08±15.76) were higher than that of type A (10.98±3.90) (P<.05). However, there was no significant difference between types B and C. CONCLUSIONS The aphasia outcome of the patients whose left AF could be reconstructed was better than that in patients whose left AF could not be reconstructed, irrespective of its integrity. We believe that evaluation of the left AF by using DTT in the early stage of stroke could be helpful in predicting aphasia outcome in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Jung YJ, Jang SH. The fate of injured corticospinal tracts in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1775-8. [PMID: 22492571 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the fate of the injured CST for a large number of patients with ICH. Using DTT, we investigated the longitudinal changes of injured CSTs in patients with an ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 45 patients with CST injury by an ICH in the supratentorial subcortical area. Two longitudinal DTTs were acquired: 1 within 30 days and the other after 3 months from onset. DTTs for the CST were classified into 3 types: type A, the CST was preserved around the hematoma; type B, the CST was interrupted around the hematoma; and type C, the CST did not reach the hematoma. RESULTS At the first DTT, the motor functions of type C were worse than those of types A and B (P < .01), and motor functions of type A were better than those of type C at the second DTT (P < .01). Of 14 type A, 2 changed to type B (14.3%) and 12 did not change (85.7%); of 12 type B, 11 changed to type A (91.7%) and 1 changed to type C (8.3%); of 19 type C, 3 changed to type A (15.8%) and 16 did not change (84.2%). CONCLUSIONS We found that the injured CST could change from the early stage to the chronic stage during the motor recovery phase in patients with an ICH. These results would be helpful in prediction of longitudinal DTT changes from the early stage to the chronic stage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cho HK, Jang SH, Lee E, Kim SY, Kim S, Kwon YH, Son SM. Diffusion tensor imaging-demonstrated differences between hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy with symmetric periventricular leukomalacia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:650-4. [PMID: 22976239 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with cerebral palsy have variable clinical presentations such as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic patterns though they have PVL on conventional MR images. The authors investigated whether DTT can differentiate between hemiplegic and diplegic CP in patients presenting with symmetric PVL on conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive pediatric patients with definite hemiplegic (59 patients; 30 boys, 29 girls; mean age, 34.19 months; range, 24-52 months) or diplegic (54 patients; 27 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 31.07 months; range, 24-48 months) symptoms and bilateral symmetric PVL on conventional brain MR imaging were recruited. The states of CSTs were examined by using DTT, and the asymmetries of right and left CSTs in the hemiplegic and diplegic groups were compared by using asymmetric anisotropy indexes and asymmetric mean diffusivity indexes. RESULTS All patients in the hemiplegic group with asymmetric results exhibited disrupted integrities of more affected CSTs and sparing of less affected CSTs. However, diplegic patients revealed symmetric disrupted findings of the right and left CSTs at the upper periventricular level. Asymmetric anisotropy index and asymmetric mean diffusivity index values were significantly higher in the hemiplegic group than in the diplegic group (P < .05), and these results of DTT significantly corresponded with their typical clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS DTT may be very useful for the detailed estimation of the CST state in patients with bilateral symmetric PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Choi CM, Yang SC, Jo HJ, Song SY, Jeon YJ, Jang TW, Kim DJ, Jang SH, Yang SH, Kim YD, Lee KH, Jang SJ, Kim YT, Kim DK, Chung DH, Kim L, Nam HS, Cho JH, Kim HJ, Ryu JS. Proteins involved in DNA damage response pathways and survival of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2088-2093. [PMID: 22317771 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological complexity leads to significant variation in the survival of patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DNA damage response (DDR) pathways play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and in the progression of NSCLC. Therefore, the development of a prognostic biomarker focusing on DDR pathways is an intriguing issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of several proteins (ATM, ATMpS1981, γH2AX, 53BP1, 53BP1pS25, Chk2, Chk2pT68, MDC1, MDC1pS964, BRCA1pS1423, and ERCC1) and overall survival were investigated in 889 pathological stage I NSCLC patients. RESULTS Low expression of BRCA1pS1423 or ERCC1 was significantly associated with worse survival in the whole cohort of patients. Analysis performed based on histology revealed that low expression of γH2AX, Chk2pT68, or ERCC1 was a poor prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), Cox P: 1.544, 0.012 for γH2AX; 1.624, 0.010 for Chk2pT68; 1.569, 0.011 for ERCC1]. The analysis of the interaction between two proteins showed that this effect was more pronounced in squamous cell carcinoma patients. However, these effects were not detected in adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The proteins involved in DDR pathways exhibited differential expression between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and were important determinants of survival in stage I squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - S C Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H J Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - S Y Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun
| | - Y J Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu
| | - T W Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan
| | - D J Kim
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Bucheon
| | - S H Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang
| | - S H Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan
| | - Y D Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - S J Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D K Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - D H Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | - H S Nam
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - J S Ryu
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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Jang SH, Ryu JT, You JH, Kim TW. Electrical properties of 10-nm-radius n-type gate all around twin Si nanowire field effect transistors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5839-5842. [PMID: 22966666 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of 10-nm-radius n-type gate all around (GAA) twin Si nanowire field effect transistors (TSNWFETs) and field effect transistors (FETs) without nanowires were investigated to understand their device characteristics. The electrical characteristics of the GAA TSNWFETs and FETs with bulk boron concentrations of 1 x 10(18) and 1 x 10(16) cm(-3) were simulated by using three-dimensional technology computer-aided design simulation tools of sentaurus taking into account quantum effects. The simulation results showed that the on-current level of the TSNWFETs was larger than that of FETs, and the subthreshold swing and the drain induced barrier lowing of the TSNWFETs were smaller than those of FETs. The current density and conduction band edge profiles in the TSNWFETs clarified the dominant current paths. The simulation results showed that the on-current/off-current ratio increased with increasing bulk boron concentration, and the stand-by current level decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Kwon HG, Hong JH, Jang SH. Anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement of the corticospinal tract at the cerebral peduncle in the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:2116-9. [PMID: 21903908 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the detailed anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement at the CP. Using DTT with FSL tools, we conducted an investigation of the anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement of the CST at the CP in the human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 43 healthy volunteers for this study. DTI was obtained by using 1.5T, and CSTs for the hand and leg were obtained by using the FSL tool. The somatotopic location of the CST was evaluated as the highest probabilistic location at the upper and lower midbrain. The posterior boundary was determined as the line between the interpeduncular fossa and the lateral sulcus; we then drew a rectangle on the basis of the boundary of the CP. RESULTS In the mediolateral direction, the highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 60.46% and 69.98% from the medial boundary at the upper midbrain level and 53.44% and 62.76% at the lower midbrain level, respectively. As for the anteroposterior direction, the highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 28.26% and 32.03% from the anterior boundary at the upper midbrain level and 30.19% and 33.59% at the lower midbrain level, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that the hand somatotopy for the CST is located at the middle portion of the CP and the leg somatotopy is located lateral to the hand somatotopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Hong JH, Kwon HG, Jang SH. Probabilistic somatotopy of the spinothalamic pathway at the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1358-62. [PMID: 21596807 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The STP has been regarded as the most plausible neural tract responsible for pathogenesis of central poststroke pain. The VPL nucleus has been a target for neurosurgical procedures for control of central poststroke pain. However, to our knowledge, no DTI studies have been conducted to investigate the somatotopic location of the STP at the VPL nucleus of the thalamus. In the current study, we attempted to investigate this location in the human brain by using a probabilistic tractography technique of DTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS DTI was performed at 1.5T by using a Synergy-L SENSE head coil. STPs for both the hand and leg were obtained by selection of fibers passing through 2 regions of interest (the area of the spinothalamic tract in the posterolateral medulla and the postcentral gyrus) for 41 healthy volunteers. Somatotopic mapping was obtained from the highest probabilistic location at the ACPC level. RESULTS The highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 16.86 and 16.37 mm lateral to the ACPC line and 7.53 and 8.71 mm posterior to the midpoint of the ACPC line, respectively. Somatotopic locations for the hand and leg were different in the anteroposterior direction (P < .05); however, no difference was observed in the mediolateral direction (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS We found the somatotopic locations for hand and leg of the STP at the VPL nucleus; these somatotopies were arranged in the anteroposterior direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Choi WI, Yim JJ, Park J, Kim SC, Na MJ, Lee WY, Hong SB, Choi HS, Jang SH, Kim WJ, Jeon K, Kim JH, Choi JC, Lee CH, Kim CH, Kim JY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of H1N1-associated pneumonia among adults in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:270-i. [PMID: 21219693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia has been reported to be the most life-threatening complication of influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVE to describe clinical characteristics and determine risk factors for death among patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study included all adult patients diagnosed and treated with H1N1-associated pneumonia in 14 participating institutions between 1 May 2009 and 28 February 2010 in South Korea. Clinical outcomes were summarised and predictors for death evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 269 adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were diagnosed and treated. Hospital visits or admissions peaked in November 2009, coinciding with the peak in the 2009 H1N1 epidemic in South Korea. The patients' median age was 48 years; 143 were male. Most (n = 266, 98.9%) were admitted for treatment: 97 (36.1%) required intensive care and 28 (10.4%) needed mechanical ventilation. Despite the use of antiviral and antibacterial agents, 19 patients (7.1%) died. Risk factors predictive of death included presence of malignancy (aOR 12.0, 95%CI 2.8-51.5), and pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (aOR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSION Deaths among adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were not rare. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a poor prognosis among H1N1-associated pneumonia patients with underlying malignancy or high PSI score.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Critical Care
- Female
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/therapy
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/mortality
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Respiration, Artificial
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- W-I Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jang SH, Colangelo PM, Gobburu JVS. Exposure-response of posaconazole used for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections: evaluating the need to adjust doses based on drug concentrations in plasma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88:115-9. [PMID: 20505665 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to report the exposure-response (E-R) relationship of posaconazole oral suspension (POS) for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections (IFIs), on the basis of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical pharmacology review of two randomized, active-controlled clinical studies. Posaconazole average steady state plasma concentrations (C(avg)) ranged from 22 to 3,650 ng/ml after administration of POS 200 mg three times daily (t.i.d.). In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the quartile ranges of C(avg) with midpoint values of 289, 736, 1,239, and 2,607 ng/ml had clinical failure rates of 44, 21, 18, and 18%, respectively, indicating an inverse association between C(avg) and clinical failure rate. There were no significant relationships between C(avg) and posaconazole-related major adverse events. Determining posaconazole concentrations in plasma will aid in assessing the need for either POS dose adjustment (e.g., increasing the POS dose) or switching to another systemic antifungal drug, thereby improving the effectiveness of prophylaxis against IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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36
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Jang SH, Lim JW, Kim H. Beta-carotene inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 7:131-137. [PMID: 20388956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric ulceration and carcinogenesis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in H. pylori-induced gastric diseases. Previously we demonstrated that H. pylori in Korean isolates induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and oxidant-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 which mediates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. beta-Carotene shows antioxidant activity and inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in various cells. Present study aims to investigate whether beta-carotene inhibits H. pylori-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing the activation of MAPK, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. HP99 (H. pylori in Korean isolates) was added to AGS cells at the ratio of bacterium/cell, 300/1. beta-carotene inhibited H. pylori-induced increase in ROS level, the activation of MAPK (p38, the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases), NF-kappaB, and AP-1 and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in AGS cells. CONCLUSION beta-carotene inhibits oxidant-mediated activation of inflammatory signaling and suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in gastric epithelial AGS cells infected with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Research Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Ko S, Roh YH, Choo JH, Jang SH, Han SH, Jang HG. The effect of cationic polymer treatment on adhesion of iron oxide to eyelashes. J Cosmet Sci 2009; 60:617-626. [PMID: 20038350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide application on improving the volume of eyelashes. Iron oxide, having a negative surface charge in its natural form, was coated with commercial cationic polymers to increase its adhesion. The iron oxides coated with different types and concentrations of these polymers were incorporated into a basic mascara formula to test their volume effects by means of the weight difference of eyelashes.The results indicated that the type and concentration of coating materials affect the surface zeta potential and particle cluster size of iron oxides. The type of cationic polymer, especially, was shown to modify both factors of iron oxide. The obtained results also suggested that the volume effect of mascara increases with a higher positive surface zeta potential and a smaller particle cluster size of the coated iron oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ko
- Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Chang MC, Ahn SH, Byeon WM, Jang SH. Corticospinal Tract Location at the Upper Pons in the Human Brain. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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39
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Kwak SY, Jang SH, Kim SH, Kim OR, Byeon WM, Ahn SH. Title: Corticospinal Tract Injury in Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Jang SH, Ahn SH, Byun WM, Kim C, Kwon YH. Enhanced Neural Activation after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Primary Sensoriomotor Cortex in the Human Brain: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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41
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Jang SH. Aberrant pyramidal tract in the medial lemniscus of the brainstem in a patient with a pontine infarct: diffusion tensor tractography study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:243-4. [PMID: 19151025 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Hwang DH, Choi JY, Yi SM, Han DH, Jang SH. The land use plan and water quality prediction for the Saemangeum reclamation project. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:1397-1408. [PMID: 19381006 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the final closure of the world's longest sea dike of 33 km, the use of the Saemangeum reclaimed land becomes an issue in Korea. The Korean government has proclaimed that the Saemangeum Reclamation Project will be handled in an environmentally friendly manner but its effect on the water quality of reservoirs has always been controversial. This study was conducted to estimate the water quality of the Saemangeum reservoir using WASP5 according to the new land use plan adopted in 2007. Predictions on water quality shows that Dongjin reservoir would meet the standards for COD, T-P, and Chl-a if the wastewater from the Dongjin region was properly managed. However, T-P and Chl-a in Mangyeong reservoir would exceed the standards even without releasing the treated wastewater into the reservoir. With further reductions of 20% for T-P and Chl-a from the mouth of Mangyeong river, the water quality standards in the reservoir were achieved. This means that additional schemes, as well as water quality management programs established in the Government Master Plan in 2001, should be considered. Although the Saemangeum reservoir would manage to achieve the standards, it will enter a eutrophic state due to the high concentration of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Hwang
- Policy Research Group, Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeng-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yoo WK, Kim DS, Kwon YH, Jang SH. Kernohan's notch phenomenon demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:1295-7. [PMID: 18940992 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.138131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernohan's notch phenomenon is the ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge by a supratentorial mass. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST). This report attempts to demonstrate Kernohan's notch phenomenon in a patient with subdural haematoma by using DTI and TMS. One patient and six normal control subjects were recruited. The patient showed severe right hemiplegia even though the subdural haematoma was located in the right hemisphere. Brain CT at the time of onset showed right transtentorial herniation, and T2 weighted images at 6 weeks after onset showed a leucomalacic lesion on the left cerebral peduncle. DTI and TMS were performed at 6 weeks after onset. The fractional anisotrophy value of the left midbrain and medulla of the patient was found to be decreased in comparison with that of the control subjects. On fibre tractography for the CST, an interruption was observed in the left midbrain and medulla. The motor evoked potential obtained from the right hand muscle showed delayed latency, low amplitude and a higher excitatory threshold, thus indicating that the CST of the left hemisphere had been damaged. It seems that the CST had been damaged at the left midbrain, although subdural haematoma and transtentorial herniation had occurred in the right hemisphere in this patient. This report demonstrates Kernohan's notch phenomenon in this patient using DTI and TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Bhattaram VA, Bonapace C, Chilukuri DM, Duan JZ, Garnett C, Gobburu JVS, Jang SH, Kenna L, Lesko LJ, Madabushi R, Men Y, Powell JR, Qiu W, Ramchandani RP, Tornoe CW, Wang Y, Zheng JJ. Impact of Pharmacometric Reviews on New Drug Approval and Labeling Decisions—a Survey of 31 New Drug Applications Submitted Between 2005 and 2006. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81:213-21. [PMID: 17259946 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory analyses of data pertaining to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and disease progression are often referred to as the pharmacometrics (PM) analyses. The objective of the current report is to assess the role of PM, at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in drug approval and labeling decisions. We surveyed the impact of PM analyses on New Drug Applications (NDAs) reviewed over 15 months in 2005-2006. The survey focused on both the approval and labeling decisions through four perspectives: clinical pharmacology primary reviewer, their team leader, the clinical team member, and the PM reviewer. A total of 31 NDAs included a PM review component. Review of NDAs involved independent quantitative evaluation by FDA pharmacometricians. PM analyses were ranked as important in regulatory decision making in over 85% of the 31 NDAs. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the applications of PM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Bhattaram
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
The authors investigated bihemispheric motor network reorganization supporting locomotor recovery after stroke over time. They determined longitudinal changes in locomotor function and fMRI in 10 stroke patients at the subacute stage and the chronic stage. The results suggest that the bihemispheric reorganization mechanism underlying locomotor recovery evolved from the ipsilateral (contralesional) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) activation at the subacute stage to the contralateral (ipsilesional) SM1 activation at the chronic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The adsorption structures of benzene and pyridine on Si(5 5 12)-2 x 1 were studied at 80 K by using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope and density functional theory calculations. These structures are different from those observed on low-index Si surfaces: benzene molecules exclusively bind to two adatoms, that is, with di-sigma bonds between carbon atoms and silicon adatoms, leading to the loss of benzene aromaticity; in contrast, pyridine molecules interact with adatom(s) through either Si-N dative bonding or di-sigma bonds. Dative bonding configurations with pyridine aromaticity are the dominant adsorption features and are more stable than di-sigma bonding configurations. Thus the dative bonding of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic molecules provides a strategy for the controlled attachment of aromatic molecules to high-index surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Jeong
- Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Jang SH, Byun WM, Chang Y, Han BS, Ahn SH. Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation evidence of ipsilateral motor pathway with congenital brain disorder: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:1733-6. [PMID: 11733891 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of 28-year-old man with schizencephaly who had mild left hemiparesis with mirror movement. Brain mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for both hand muscles was done to evaluate his neurologic state. Motor evoked potential (MEP) from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles was obtained simultaneously. fMRI showed that the left primary sensorimotor cortex became active when the right fingers performed the flexion-extension exercise. The left primary sensorimotor cortex, left prefrontal area, and both supplementary motor areas were activated with flexion-extension exercise of the left hand. Brain mapping for both APB muscles using TMS showed that no MEP was evoked in the right hemisphere, but a APB total of 5 sites were evoked in the left hemisphere simultaneously. The optimal scalp site for both APB muscles was present at the same site. The MEPs of both muscles which were evoked by stimulation of the optimal scalp site, showed similar latencies, amplitudes, and figures of potential. The similarities in both MEPs and the same optimal scalp site support the assumption that MEPs of both APB muscles are produced by the corticospinal tract originating from the same motor cortex. Our results showed that the ipsilateral motor pathway extended from the unaffected left hemisphere to both hand muscles. This finding may reflect functional reorganization of motor area in a patient with congenital brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Yeungnam School of Medicine, Taegu, South Korea
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Jin LH, Bahn JH, Eum WS, Kwon HY, Jang SH, Han KH, Kang TC, Won MH, Kang JH, Cho SW, Park J, Choi SY. Transduction of human catalase mediated by an HIV-1 TAT protein basic domain and arginine-rich peptides into mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1509-19. [PMID: 11728823 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) have been considered to have a beneficial effect against various diseases mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although a variety of modified recombinant antioxidant enzymes have been generated to protect against the oxidative stresses, the lack of their transduction ability into cells resulted in limited ability to detoxify intracellular ROS. To render the catalase enzyme capable of detoxifying intracellular ROS when added extracellularly, cell-permeable recombinant catalase proteins were generated. A human liver catalase gene was cloned and fused with a gene fragment encoding the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain (RKKRRQRRR) and arginine-rich peptides (RRRRRRRRR) in a bacterial expression vector to produce genetic in-frame Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins, respectively. The expressed and purified fusion proteins can be transduced into mammalian cells (HeLa and PC12 cells) in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously in culture medium, and transduced fusion proteins were enzymatically active and stable for 60 h. When exposed to H(2)O(2), the viability of HeLa cells transduced with Tat-CAT or 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins was significantly increased. In combination with transduced SOD, transduced catalase also resulted in a cooperative increase in cell viability when the cells were treated with paraquat, an intracellular antioxide anion generator. We then evaluated the ability of the catalase fusion proteins to transduce into animal skin. This analysis showed that Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins efficiently penetrated the epidermis as well as the dermis of the subcutaneous layer when sprayed on animal skin, as judged by immunohistochemistry and specific enzyme activities. These results suggest that Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins can be used in protein therapy for various disorders related to this antioxidant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Jin
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Division of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwondo, South Korea
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Yoon HR, Hahn SH, Ahn YM, Jang SH, Shin YJ, Lee EH, Ryu KH, Eun BL, Rinaldo P, Yamaguchi S. Therapeutic trial in the first three Asian cases of ethylmalonic encephalopathy: response to riboflavin. J Inherit Metab Dis 2001; 24:870-3. [PMID: 11916321 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013948409790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three Korean girls with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, the first Asian cases, were identified. In all three cases, we observed slight improvement in motor functions, cognitive behaviours and chronic mucoid diarrhoea after treatment with riboflavin and/or coenzyme Q10 treatment. The precise pathogenesis of ethylmalonic encephalopathy has not been fully elucidated, but riboflavin treatment may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Yoon
- Metabolic Disease Detection Laboratory, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Korea
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Lee YJ, Jin SW, Jang SH, Jang YS, Lee EK, Kim YJ, Lee MY, Park JC, Rho TH, Kim JH, Hong SJ, Choi KB. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a young adult. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:205-9. [PMID: 11769580 PMCID: PMC4531731 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous medialstinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) and pneumopericardium may be defined as the presence of free air or gas in the mediastinal structures and in the pericardial sac without an apparent precipitating cause. It most frequently occurs in young healthy adults without serious underlying pulmonary disease. Although pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is often asymptomatic, it may cause pain in the neck and chest, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Treatment is supportive unless the patient has a history of trauma from foreign body aspiration. The course of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is usually benign and self-limited. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema in a 20-year-old male is reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 520-2 Daehung2-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea
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