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Kang J, Song H, Kim SE, Kim JY, Park HK, Cho YJ, Lee KB, Lee J, Lee JS, Choi AR, Kang MY, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Network analysis of stroke systems of care in Korea. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000578. [PMID: 38618152 PMCID: PMC11015290 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The landscape of stroke care has shifted from stand-alone hospitals to cooperative networks among hospitals. Despite the importance of these networks, limited information exists on their characteristics and functional attributes. Methods We extracted patient-level data on acute stroke care and hospital connectivity by integrating national stroke audit data with reimbursement claims data. We then used this information to transform interhospital transfers into a network framework, where hospitals were designated as nodes and transfers as edges. Using the Louvain algorithm, we grouped densely connected hospitals into distinct stroke care communities. The quality and characteristics in given stroke communities were analysed, and their distinct types were derived using network parameters. The clinical implications of this network model were also explored. Results Over 6 months, 19 113 patients with acute ischaemic stroke initially presented to 1009 hospitals, with 3114 (16.3%) transferred to 246 stroke care hospitals. These connected hospitals formed 93 communities, with a median of 9 hospitals treating a median of 201 patients. Derived communities demonstrated a modularity of 0.904 , indicating a strong community structure, highly centralised around one or two hubs. Three distinct types of structures were identified: single-hub (n=60), double-hub (n=22) and hubless systems (n=11). The endovascular treatment rate was highest in double-hub systems, followed by single-hub systems, and was almost zero in hubless systems. The hubless communities were characterised by lower patient volumes, fewer hospitals, no hub hospital and no stroke unit. Conclusions This network analysis could quantify the national stroke care system and point out areas where the organisation and functionality of acute stroke care could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kang
- Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyunjoo Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of), Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Biostatistics, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ah Rum Choi
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Mi Yeon Kang
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
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Chang JY, Lee JS, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee SJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee BC, Yu KH, Lee SH, Kim C, Park KY, Kim DE, Lee K, Park TH, Choi JC, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Bae HJ, Han MK. Efficacy of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion with Low PC-ASPECTS: A Nationwide Prospective Registry-Based Study. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:788-799. [PMID: 38381765 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on the functional outcome of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion and low posterior circulation acute stroke prognosis early computed tomography score (PC-ASPECTS). METHODS We identified patients with acute ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion and PC-ASPECTS of 6 or less, presenting within 24 h between August 2008 and April 2022. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-3 at 90 days. The secondary outcomes included an mRS score of 0-2, a favorable shift in the ordinal mRS scale, the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality at 90 days. We compared the outcome of patients treated with EVT and those without EVT, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting methods. RESULTS Out of 566 patients, 55.5% received EVT. In the EVT group, 106 (33.8%) achieved favorable outcomes, compared to 56 patients (22.2%) in the conservative group. EVT significantly increased the likelihood of achieving a favorable outcome compared to conservative treatment (relative risk [RR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.74, p = 0.004). EVT was associated with a favorable shift in the mRS (RR 1.85, 95% CI, 1.49-2.29, p < 0.001) and reduced mortality without an increase in the risk of sICH. It did not have an impact on achieving an mRS score of 0-2. INTERPRETATION Patients with acute basilar artery occlusion and a PC-ASPECTS of 6 or less might benefit from EVT without an increasing sICH. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:788-799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Chang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Lee M, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim BJ, Kim JY, Kang J, Lee KJ, Kim DY, Park JM, Kang K, Park TH, Lee KB, Hong KS, Park HK, Cho YJ, Kim DE, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim JT, Choi KH, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Kim C, Shin DI, Yum KS, Lee J, Lee JS, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Secular Trends in Outcomes and Impact of Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:625-633. [PMID: 38328909 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are currently recommended for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accompanied by atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of NOACs on clinical outcomes in real-world practice remains ambiguous. This study analyzes the trend of clinical events in patients with AF-related AIS and determines how much the introduction of NOACs has mediated this trend. METHODS We identified patients with AIS and AF between January 2011 and December 2019 using a multicenter stroke registry. Annual rates of NOAC prescriptions and clinical events within 1 year were evaluated. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. To assess the mediation effect of NOACs on the relationship between the calendar year and these outcomes, we used natural effect models and conducted exposure-mediator, exposure-outcome, and mediator-outcome analyses using multivariable regression models or accelerated failure time models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among the 12 977 patients with AF-related AIS, 12 500 (average age: 74.4 years; 51.3% male) were analyzed after excluding cases of valvular AF. Between 2011 and 2019, there was a significant decrease in the 1-year incidence of the primary composite outcome from 28.3% to 21.7%, while the NOAC prescription rate increased from 0% to 75.6%. A 1-year increase in the calendar year was independently associated with delayed occurrence of the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07-1.14]) and increased NOAC prescription (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20 [95% CI, 2.14-2.27]). Increased NOAC prescription was associated with delayed occurrence of the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 3.82 [95% CI, 3.17 to 4.61]). Upon controlling for NOAC prescription (mediator), the calendar year no longer influenced the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-1.00]). This suggests that NOAC prescription mediates the association between the calendar year and the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights a temporal reduction in major clinical events or death in Korean patients with AF-related AIS, mediated by increased NOAC prescription, emphasizing NOAC use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea (M.L., B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea (M.L., B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea (M.L., B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea (M.L., B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., J.Y.K., J.K., D.Y.K., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., J.Y.K., J.K., D.Y.K., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., J.Y.K., J.K., D.Y.K., H.-J.B.)
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-J.L.)
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., J.Y.K., J.K., D.Y.K., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Nowon Elji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Republic of Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H., H.-K.P., Y.-J.C.)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H., H.-K.P., Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H., H.-K.P., Y.-J.C.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., S.J.L.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., S.J.L.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.G.K.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Jun Lee)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.-I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.-I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L., C.K.)
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L., C.K.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Juneyoung Lee)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.B.G.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., J.Y.K., J.K., D.Y.K., H.-J.B.)
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Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim H, Kim BJ, Kang J, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee K, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Park MS, Ryu WS, Park KY, Lee J, Bae HJ. Differential impacts of admission LDL-cholesterol on early vascular outcomes by ischemic stroke subtypes. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e207-e217. [PMID: 38101971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because ischemic stroke is heterogeneous, the associations between low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and early vascular outcomes might be different according to the stroke subtype in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS This study was an analysis of a prospective, multicenter, stroke registry. Acute ischemic stroke patients previously not treated with statins were included. Admission LDL-cholesterol levels were divided into 7 groups at 20 mg/dl intervals for comparison. The primary early vascular outcome was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality within 3 months. RESULTS A total of 38,531 patients (age, 68.5 ± 12.8 yrs; male, 59.6%) were analyzed for this study. The 3-month cumulative incidences of the composite of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality significantly differed among the LDL-cholesterol level groups, with the highest event rate (11.11%) in the lowest LDL-cholesterol group (<70 mg/dl). After adjustment, the U-shaped associations of LDL-cholesterol levels with primary outcome and all-cause mortality were observed. For the stroke subtypes, there were substantial interactions between the LDL-cholesterol groups and stroke subtype and all-cause mortality (Pinteraction=0.07). Different patterns, with higher risks of all-cause mortality in the lower LDL-cholesterol in the large artery atherosclerosis subtype (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.69), but in the higher LDL-cholesterol in the cardioembolism subtype (aHR 1.71 95% CI [1.28-2.29]), were observed among stroke subtypes. CONCLUSION We found that there were differential associations of admission LDL-cholesterol levels with all-cause mortality within 3 months among stroke subtypes. These results suggest that admission LDL-cholesterol and early vascular outcomes had complex relationships in patients with ischemic stroke according to the stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (Drs Kim and Park).
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (Drs Kim and Park)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, and Bae)
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, and Bae)
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, and Bae); Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Korea (Dr Park)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Dr Kang)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (Drs Lee and Kim)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (Drs Lee and Kim)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (Drs Cha and Kim)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (Drs Cha and Kim)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Dr Park)
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Drs Hong, Cho, and Park)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Drs Hong, Cho, and Park)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Drs Hong, Cho, and Park)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (Drs Lee, Yu, and Oh)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (Drs Lee, Yu, and Oh)
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (Drs Lee, Yu, and Oh)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Dr Kim)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea (Dr Choi)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (Drs Kwon and Kim)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (Drs Kwon and Kim)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (Drs Shin and Yum)
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (Drs Shin and Yum)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (Drs Sohn and Hong)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (Drs Sohn and Hong)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (Drs Kim and Park)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, JLK Inc, Seoul, Korea (Dr Ryu)
| | - Kwang-Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Dr Park)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Dr Lee)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, and Bae).
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Lee JS, Hong SH, Sun HY, Jin H, Yu BY, Cho YJ, Chang JY, Yoo BW. The efficacy and safety of tadalafil in the management of erectile dysfunction with diabetes and blood circulation issues. Aging Male 2023; 26:2176484. [PMID: 36779746 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common diabetes-related complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined the effect of daily low-dose tadalafil (5 mg) on patients' quality of life (including that of sex life) and blood circulation. Erectile dysfunction questionnaires were administered to 20 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and ED. The safety and efficacy of tadalafil were evaluated using laboratory tests, and the effect on blood circulation was measured through nail fold capillaroscopy. RESULTS Daily tadalafil use by patients with T2DM and ED showed a statistically significant increase in the erectile reliability score from of 1.15 to 3.20 (p < .00012). Capillary blood circulation improvement tests showed a statistically significant increase in apical limb width from 13.1 to 14.64 µm (p = .04829) and flow from 9035 to 11946 μm3/s (p = .04405). Although not significant, increased capillary width and speed (rate of blood flow) confirmed improved blood circulation. There were no significant changes in the cardiac indicators (troponin, prostate-specific antigen, or electrocardiogram tests) before and after tadalafil administration, supporting the safety of its low-dose daily administration. CONCLUSIONS A small dose of daily tadalafil was shown to safely improve erectile dysfunction and peripheral blood flow in patients with T2DM, in which peripheral arterial diseases should not be considered separately but rather as complex entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hong
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Sun
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomidical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseung Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeon Yu
- Department of Family Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunghyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Chang
- Department of Biological Science, Northwestern University, Ewanston, IL, USA
| | - Byung Wook Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Lee JY, Park TH, Lee KJ, Kim JT, Choi KH, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee K, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Improvement in Delivery of Ischemic Stroke Treatments but Stagnation of Clinical Outcomes in Young Adults in South Korea. Stroke 2023; 54:3002-3011. [PMID: 37942640 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population. METHODS Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18-50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified. The observation period was divided into 4 epochs: 2008 to 2010, 2011 to 2013, 2014 to 2016, and 2017 to 2019. Secular trends for patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 7050 eligible patients (mean age, 43.1; men, 71.9%) were registered. The mean age decreased from 43.6 to 42.9 years (Ptrend=0.01). Current smoking decreased, whereas obesity increased. Other risk factors remained unchanged. Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy rates increased over time from 2008 to 2010 to 2017 to 2019 (9.5%-13.8% and 3.2%-9.2%, respectively; Ptrend<0.01). Door-to-needle time improved (Ptrend <.001), but onset-to-door and door-to-puncture times remained constant. Secondary prevention, including dual antiplatelets for noncardioembolic minor stroke (26.7%-47.0%), direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (0.0%-56.2%), and statins for large artery atherosclerosis (76.1%-95.3%) increased (Ptrend<0.01). Outcome data were available from 2011. One-year mortality (2.5% in 2011-2013 and 2.3% in 2017-2019) and 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores 0 to 1 (68.3%-69.1%) and 0 to 2 (87.6%-86.2%) remained unchanged. The 1-year stroke recurrence rate increased (4.1%-5.5%; Ptrend=0.04), although the difference was not significant after adjusting for sex and age. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in the delivery of acute stroke treatments did not necessarily lead to better outcomes in young adults with acute ischemic stroke over the past decade, indicating a need for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jeong-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.-J.L.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.K.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.L.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Korea (J.-H.W., W.-J.K.)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Korea (J.-H.W., W.-J.K.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.H.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.B.G)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (J. Kim , J.Y.K., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., J.-Y.L., H.-J.B.)
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7
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Choi J, Joe H, Oh JE, Cho YJ, Shin HS, Heo NH. Correction: The Correlation Between NAFLD and Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294801. [PMID: 37972117 PMCID: PMC10653495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288666.].
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8
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Kim JT, Kang J, Kim BJ, Kim JY, Han MK, Cho KH, Park MS, Choi KH, Park JM, Kang K, Kim YS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Choi JK, Lee K, Park KY, Jeong HB, Lee J, Kwon DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee M, Kim DE, Gwak DS, Choi JC, Kim JG, Kang CH, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park H, Kim C, Lee SH, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Norrving B, Bae HJ. Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:1015-1020. [PMID: 36974902 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231168742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated. AIMS To determine whether the 1-year risk of recurrent vascular events could be reduced by a longer duration of DAPT in patients with the LAA stroke subtype. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 4806 participants will be recruited to detect a statistically significant relative risk reduction of 22% with 80% power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, including a 10% loss to follow-up. This is a registry-based, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-month duration of DAPT compared with a 3-month duration of DAPT in the LAA stroke subtype. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either DAPT for 12 months or DAPT for 3 months, followed by monotherapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) for the remaining 9 months. STUDY OUTCOMES The primary efficacy outcome of the study is a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality for 1 year after the index stroke. The secondary efficacy outcomes are (1) stroke, (2) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, (3) hemorrhagic stroke, and (4) all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding. DISCUSSION This study will help stroke physicians determine the appropriate duration of dual therapy with clopidogrel-aspirin for patients with the LAA stroke subtype. TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris. CRIS Registration Number: KCT0004407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyo Choi
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hae-Bong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Gwak
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chul-Hoo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bo Norrving
- Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Neurology, Skåne University Hospital Lund/Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kang J, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee K, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Lee J, Park KY, Bae HJ. Admission LDL-cholesterol, statin pretreatment and early outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:612-621. [PMID: 37574400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid paradox of low LDL-C may cause physicians to be reluctant to use statins in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with low LDL-C levels at admission. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between LDL-C levels and early vascular outcomes and assessed the potential interaction effect between LDL-C and statin pretreatment on early outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a study of a prospective, multicenter, registry of AIS patients with admission LDL-C. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to LDL-C levels: low LDL-C (≤100 mg/dL); intermediate LDL-C (>100, <130 mg/dL); and high LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL). The primary early vascular outcome was a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality within 3 months. The associations of LDL-C levels as a continuous variable and the risks of primary outcome using Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines were explored. RESULTS A total of 32,505 patients (age, 69 ± 12; male, 58.6%) were analyzed. The 3 groups showed significant differences in the 3-month primary outcome, with highest events in the low LDL-C group; after adjustment, no significant associations with the 3-month primary outcome remained. U-shaped nonlinear relationships of LDL-C levels with the 3-month primary outcome were observed (Pnon-linearity<0.001), with substantial relationships in the no pretreatment subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between admission LDL-C levels and early outcomes are complex but appear to be paradoxical in patients with low LDL-C and no statin pretreatment. The results suggest that statin pretreatment might offset the paradoxical response of low LDL-C on early vascular outcomes. Further study would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Park, Choi), Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center (Dr Lee), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, Bae), Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, Bae), Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology (Dr Lee), Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology (Dr Park), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology (Dr Kang), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology (Drs Lee, Kim), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Lee, Kim), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology (Drs Cha, Kim), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Cha, Kim), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology (Dr Park), Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology (Dr Lee), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology (Dr Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology (Drs Hong, Cho, Park), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology (Drs Hong, Cho, Park), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology (Drs Hong, Cho, Park), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology (Drs Lee, Yu, Oh), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology (Drs Lee, Yu, Oh), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology (Drs Lee, Yu, Oh), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Ryu), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Ryu), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology (Dr Choi), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kwon, Kim), Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kwon, Kim), Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology (Drs Shin, Yum), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology (Drs Shin, Yum), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology (Drs Sohn, Hong), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology (Drs Sohn, Hong), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology (Dr Lee), Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Park, Choi), Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Park, Choi), Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics (Dr Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology (Dr Park), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology (Drs Kim, Kang, Lee, Bae), Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Kang K, Park JM, Ryu WS, Jeong SW, Kim DE, Park HK, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee KB, Park TH, Park SS, Lee J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Bae HJ. Body mass index and waist circumference as predictors of recurrent vascular events after a recent ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107221. [PMID: 37437503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although elevated body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for stroke, it appears to protect against recurrent vascular events. We tried to evaluate BMI and waist circumference (WC) as predictors of recurrent stroke and vascular events in a cohort of stroke survivors who were followed for 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the stroke registry database of 6 hospitals and recruited patients with a first-ever stroke who were admitted from January 2011 to November 2019 and had their BMI and WC measured. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risks of recurrent stroke and major vascular events (a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death) between different BMI and WC quintiles. Reference categories were patients in the lowest quintiles. RESULTS A total of 14 781 patients were analyzed. Patients in the second quintile of BMI had the lowest risk of recurrent stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.91); patients in the highest quintile had the lowest risk or a major vascular event (adjusted HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58-0.86). Patients in the fourth quintile of WC had the lowest risk of recurrent stroke (adjusted HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.59-0.91) and a major vascular event (adjusted HR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.60-0.86). CONCLUSIONS Our results show favorable effects of excess body weight and intra-abdominal fat on avoidance of vascular events after stroke and a favorable effect of intra-abdominal fat on avoidance of recurrent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wuk Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yang BSK, Jang M, Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kim JT, Choi KH, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Park TH, Lee KB, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Comparison of Hospital Performance in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Mortality and Functional Outcome in South Korea. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2023; 16:554-565. [PMID: 37465993 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a correlation between modified Rankin Scale-based measures, an outcome measure commonly used in acute stroke trials, and mortality-based measures used by health agencies in the evaluation of hospital performance. We aimed to examine whether the 2 types of measures are interchangeable in relation to evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS Five outcome measures, unfavorable functional outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), death or dependency (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), 1-month mortality, 3-month mortality, and 1-year mortality, were collected for 8292 individuals who were hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke between January 2014 and May 2015 in 14 hospitals participating in the Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea - National Institute of Health registry. Hierarchical regression models were used to calculate per-hospital risk-adjusted outcome rates for each measure. Hospitals were ranked and grouped based on the risk-adjusted outcome rates, and the correlations between the modified Rankin Scale-based and mortality-based ranking and their intermeasure reliability in categorizing hospital performance were analyzed. RESULTS The comparison between the ranking based on the unfavorable functional outcome and that based on 1-year mortality resulted in a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.29 and Kendall rank coefficient of -0.23, and the comparison of grouping based on these 2 types of ranks resulted in a weighted kappa of 0.123 for the grouping in the top 33%/middle 33%/bottom 33% and 0.25 for the grouping in the top 20%/middle 60%/bottom 20%, respectively. No significant correlation or similarity in grouping capacities were found between the rankings based on the functional outcome measures and those based on the mortality measures. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that regardless of clinical correlation at an individual patient level, functional outcome-based measures and mortality-based measures are not interchangeable in the evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco Seong Kyu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.S.K.Y., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.)
| | - Minuk Jang
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea (M.-J.)
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.S.K.Y., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-J.L.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.S.K.Y., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.)
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.S.K.Y., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.J.L.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Republic of Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, South Korea (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul (J.L.)
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.B.G.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.S.K.Y., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.)
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12
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Choi J, Joe H, Oh JE, Cho YJ, Shin HS, Heo NH. The correlation between NAFLD and serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288666. [PMID: 37463147 PMCID: PMC10353803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increasing worldwide, many noninvasive techniques have been used to improve its diagnosis. Recently, the serum uric acid/creatinine (sUA/sCr) ratio was identified as an indicator of fatty liver disease. Therefore, we examined the relationship between sUA/sCr levels and ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD in Korean adults. METHODS This study included 16,666 20-year-olds or older who received health checkups at a university hospital's health promotion center from January to December 2021. Among them, 11,791 non-patients with and without NAFLD were analyzed, excluding those without abdominal ultrasound, those without data on fatty liver, cancer, or chronic kidney disease severity, those with a history of alcohol abuse, and those with serum hs-CRP <5 mg/L. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the sUA/sCr ratio according to the presence or absence of fatty liver disease and severity were calculated after correcting for confounding variables using logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) of the sUA/sCr ratio confirmed and compared the sensitivity and specificity of NAFLD and serum uric acid. RESULTS sUA/sCr increased with fatty liver severity, and the post-correction OR in the NAFLD group was 1.183 (95% CI: 1.137-1.231) compared to the group without NAFLD. Concerning the fatty liver severity, the post-correction OR in the mild NAFLD group increased to 1.147 (95% CI: 1.099-1.196), and that in the moderate-to-severe NAFLD group increased to 1.275 (95% CI: 1.212-1.341) compared to the group without NAFLD. The sensitivity of sUA/sCr to fatty liver severity was 57.9% for the non-NAFLD group, 56.7% for the mild NAFLD group, and 59.0% for the moderate-to-severe NAFLD group; the specificity of sUA/sCr to fatty liver severity 61.4% for the non-NAFLD group, 57.3% for the mild NAFLD group, and 65.2% for the moderate-to-severe NAFLD group. CONCLUSION NAFLD severity is associated with sUA/sCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joe
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Sik Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hun Heo
- Biostatics Department of Clinical Trial Center, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Chungnam, Korea
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13
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Ryu WS, Chung J, Schellingerhout D, Jeong SW, Kim HR, Park JE, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Hong KS, Lee KB, Park TH, Park SS, Park JM, Kang K, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee J, Han MK, Park MS, Choi KH, Lee J, Bae HJ, Kim DE. Biological mechanism of sex difference in stroke manifestation and outcomes. Neurology 2023:WNL.0000000000207346. [PMID: 37094993 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Female patients tend to have greater disability and worse long-term outcomes after stroke than male patients. To date, the biological basis of sex difference in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to 1) assess sex differences in clinical manifestation and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke and 2) investigate whether the sex disparity is due to different infarct locations or different impacts of infarct in the same location. METHODS This MRI-based multicenter study included 6,464 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (<7-days) from 11-centers in South-Korea (May-2011∼January-2013). Multivariable statistical and brain mapping methods were used to analyze clinical and imaging data collected prospectively: admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)-score, early neurological deterioration within 3-weeks, modified Rankin Scale (mRS)-score at 3-months, and culprit cerebrovascular lesion (symptomatic large artery steno-occlusion and cerebral infarction) locations. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 67.5 (12.6) years, and 2,641 (40.9%) were female patients. Percentage infarct volumes on diffusion-weighted MRI did not differ between female patients and male patients (median 0.14% vs. 0.14%, P=0.35). However, female patients showed higher stroke severity (NIHSS-score, median 4 vs. 3, P<0.001) and had more frequent early neurological deterioration (adjusted-difference 3.5%; P=0.002) than male patients. Female patients had more frequent striatocapsular lesions (43.6% vs. 39.8%, P=0.001) and less frequent cerebrocortical and cerebellar lesions than male patients, which aligned with angiographic findings: female patients had more prevalent symptomatic steno-occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (31.1% vs. 25.3%; P<0.001) compared to male patients, who had more frequent symptomatic steno-occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery (14.2% vs. 9.3%; P<0.001) and vertebral artery (6.5% vs. 4.7%; P=0.001). Cortical infarcts in female patients, specifically left-sided parieto-occipital regions, were associated with higher NIHSS-scores than expected for similar infarct volumes in male patients. Consequently, female patients had a higher likelihood of unfavorable functional outcome (mRS-score>2) than male patients (adjusted-absolute-difference 4.5%; 95%-CI 2.0-7.0; P<0.001). DISCUSSION Female patients have more frequent middle cerebral artery disease and striatocapsular motor-pathway involvement with acute ischemic stroke, along with left parieto-occipital cortical infarcts showing greater severity for equivalent infarct volumes than in male patients. This leads to more severe initial neurological symptoms, higher susceptibility to neurological worsening, and less 3-month functional independence, when compared with male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jinyong Chung
- National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Departments of Radiology and Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sang-Wuk Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hang-Rai Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jung E Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Kore
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Kore
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Man Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, South Korea
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14
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Park HK, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Han MK, Kang J, Kim BJ, Park TH, Park MS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim JT, Choi KH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee J, Lee K, Song J, Bae JS, Cheong HS, Debette S, Bae HJ. Prevalence of Mutations in Mendelian Stroke Genes in Early Onset Stroke Patients. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:768-782. [PMID: 36541592 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heritability of stroke is assumed not to be low, especially in the young stroke population. However, most genetic studies have been performed in highly selected patients with typical clinical or neuroimaging characteristics. We investigated the prevalence of 15 Mendelian stroke genes and explored the relationships between variants and the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in a large, unselected, young stroke population. METHODS We enrolled patients aged ≤55 years with stroke or transient ischemic attack from a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry. We identified clinically relevant genetic variants (CRGVs) in 15 Mendelian stroke genes (GLA, NOTCH3, HTRA1, RNF213, ACVRL1, ENG, CBS, TREX1, ABCC6, COL4A1, FBN1, NF1, COL3A1, MT-TL1, and APP) using a customized, targeted next generation sequencing panel. RESULTS Among 1,033 patients, 131 (12.7%) had 28 CRGVs, most frequently in RNF213 (n = 59), followed by ABCC6 (n = 53) and NOTCH3 (n = 15). The frequency of CRGVs differed by ischemic stroke subtypes (p < 0.01): the highest in other determined etiology (20.1%), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (13.6%). It also differed between patients aged ≤35 years and those aged 51 to 55 years (17.1% vs 9.3%, p = 0.02). Only 27.1% and 26.7% of patients with RNF213 and NOTCH3 variants had typical neuroimaging features of the corresponding disorders, respectively. Variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) were found in 15.4% patients. INTERPRETATION CRGVs in 15 Mendelian stroke genes may not be uncommon in the young stroke population. The majority of patients with CRGVs did not have typical features of the corresponding monogenic disorders. Clinical implications of having CRGVs or VUSs should be explored. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:768-782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, JLK Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Research Institute of Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Research Institute for Life Science, GW Vitek, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
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15
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Guk HS, Kim DY, Hong KS, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Park MS, Yum KS, Shin DI, Gwak DS, Kim DE, Kim YS, Kang K, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Lee M, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Park HK, Cho YJ, Kang CH, Kim JG, Choi JC, Jang SH, Park H, Hong JH, Sohn SI, Park TH, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Lee KB, Kwon DH, Lee J, Lee KJ, Lee SH, Chul Ho K, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ. Abstract WMP97: Symptomatic Steno-occlusion Of Major Cerebral Arteries And Stroke Recurrence In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wmp97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
There is lack of knowledge on whether symptomatic steno-occlusion (SYSO), common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), could increase the long-term risk of stroke recurrence in these patients.
Methods:
From a prospective cohort of patients with AIS and AF enrolled in 14 centers between Oct 2017 and Dec 2018, we identified patients who underwent MR angiography during hospitalization and completed 3-year follow-up including death during follow-up. SYSO was defined as (1)
≥
50% stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries relevant to acute infarction or (2) any residual stenosis after endovascular treatment. Using cause-specific hazard models with non-stroke death as a competing risk, the risk of any recurrent stroke and recurrent ischemic stroke was estimated according to SYSO, respectively.
Results:
A total of 889 patients (mean age, 74.4 years; men, 54.6 %; median NIHSS, 6) were analyzed for this study. During the median 1096 days of follow-up, 152 any recurrent strokes, 142 recurrent ischemic strokes, and 208 deaths were observed. Patients with SYSO, compared to those without, were more likely to be older, be female, have hypertension, diabetes and history of stroke/TIA, and be on antiplatelets at discharge and were less likely to be on anticoagulants at discharge (
p
<.05). The cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke in patients with and without SYSO was 25.2% and 8.3% at 1 month, 33.1% and 9.9% at 1 year, and 41.8% and 13.1% at 3 years, respectively (
p
<.001). With adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, history of stroke/TIA, discharge antiplatelets, and discharge anticoagulants, SYSO increased the risk of any stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 3.02 [2.18-4.20];
p
<.001) and ischemic stroke recurrence (3.20 [2.28-4.51];
p
<.001).
Conclusions:
SYSO in AIS patients with AF substantially increased the risk of recurrent stroke by a 3-fold or more. Accordingly, SYSO should be considered in stratifying the risk of recurrence in AIS patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seok Guk
- Gunsan Med Cntr, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do,, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon Ku Han
- Dept of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Seok Gwak
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae G Kim
- Eulji Univ Hosp, Eulji Univ, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Eulji Univ Hosp, Eulji Univ, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Chul-Hoo Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seong Hwa Jang
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sung-il Sohn
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tai H Park
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | | | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Dept of Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Korea Univ Guro Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kim Chul Ho
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Juneyoung Lee
- Dept of Biostatistics, Korea Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of
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16
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Kim J, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Park TH, Lee JS, Lee KJ, Kim JT, Choi K, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Kim DH, Cha JK, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DEE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DII, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee S, Lee J, Bae HJ. Abstract WP207: Treatments Advanced, But Outcomes Stagnated In Young Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke In Korea Between 2008 And 2019. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Outcome improvement in young stroke patients is of great interest given their long life expectancy and substantial societal burden. We aimed to investigate whether the treatment advancement has been made and translated into outcome improvement in young patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods:
From a prospective multicenter stroke registry in South Korea, young AIS patients (aged 18-50) hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified. The study period was divided into 4 epochs. The secular trends of patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes adjusted for potential confounders were analyzed.
Results:
This study included 7,050 young AIS patients (mean age 43.1; men 71.9%) from 70,567 enrolled during the period. The mean age decreased from 43.6 years in 2008-2010 to 42.9 years in 2017-19 (P
trend
=.009). Obesity increased (40.1% to 49.0%), but current smoking decreased (53.1% to 42.8%). Other vascular risk factors and sex proportions did not change (P
trend
’s > 0.5). Onset-to-arrival time and door-to-puncture time for mechanical thrombectomy did not change (P
trend
’s > 0.5), but door-to-needle time for intravenous thrombolysis improved (P
trend
<.001). Acute and secondary stroke prevention treatments including intravenous thrombolysis (9.5% to 13.8%), mechanical thrombectomy (3.2% to 9.2%), dual antiplatelet therapy for minor stroke (26.6% to 48.0%), direct oral anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation (0.0% to 56.2%) and statins (71.5% to 91.2%) improved significantly (P
trend
’s <.01). For stroke outcomes, for which data were available since 2011, the proportions of 3-month modified Rankin Scale 0-1 (68.3% to 69.1%) and 0-2 (87.6% to 86.2%), one-year mortality (2.5% to 2.4%), and one-year stroke recurrence (4.4% to 5.3%) did not improve (adjusted P
trend
’s > 0.2).
Conclusions:
This study shows that the treatment improvements did not lead to outcome improvements in young AIS patients. The findings indicate that we should not be complacent with the current advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Y Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tai H Park
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Rsch Cntr, Asan Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Korea Univ Guro Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kangho Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jong-moo Park
- Dept of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Eulji Univ Hosp, Daejon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae G Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Eulji Univ Hosp, Daejeon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Busan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae-kwan Cha
- Dept of Neurology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Busan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Soonchunhyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Med Cntr, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keun-sik Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hong-kyun Park
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi S Oh
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Eog E Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wi-sun Ryu
- Dept of Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Dept of Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jee-hyun Kwon
- Dept of Neurology, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wook-joo Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong Ick I Shin
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ & Hosp, Cheongju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Dept of Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ & Hosp, Cheongju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sung-il Sohn
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Hosp, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Dept of Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Hosp, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Hallym Univ Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hosp, Chuncheon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Dept of Biostatistics, Korea Univ, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-joon Bae
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
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17
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Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kang J, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Ryu WS, Lee J, Saver JL, Bae HJ. Admission hyperglycemia, stroke subtypes, outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 196:110257. [PMID: 36642337 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Whether admission hyperglycemia is differentially associated with early vascular outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) depending on stroke subtype has been incompletely delineated. METHODS In a multicenter, prospective stroke registry, patients with AIS were categorized based on admission glucose levels into normoglycemia, moderate hyperglycemia, and severe hyperglycemia (<140mg/dl, 140-179mg/dl, and ≥180mg/dl, respectively) groups. Multivariate analysis assessed the interaction between the hyperglycemia and ischemic stroke subtypes of large artery atherothrombosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), and small vessel occlusion (SVO) and early vascular outcomes (3-month stroke, all-cause mortality, and composite of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality). RESULTS Among the 32,772 patients (age:69.0±12.6yrs, male:58.4%) meeting eligibility criteria, 61.9% were in the normoglycemia group, 19.5% were in the moderate hyperglycemia group, and 18.7% were in the severe hyperglycemia group. Substantial interactions between hyperglycemia groups and stroke subtypes were observed for 3-month stroke (Pinteraction = 0.003) and composite of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality (Pinteraction = 0.001), with differential recurrence strongest among CE, intermediate among LAA, and least among SVO. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia was differently associated with the risk of 3-month stroke by ischemic stroke subtype. The associations of hyperglycemia with 3-month stroke were greatest in CE subtype but not in SVO subtype. These results suggest that the effect of glucose-lowering treatment after AIS may differ according to stroke subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Artificial Intelligence Research Center, JLK Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Lee J, Saver JL, Bae HJ. Frequency, management, and outcomes of early neurologic deterioration due to stroke progression or recurrence. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106940. [PMID: 36529099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency, management, and outcomes of early neurologic deterioration (END) after ischemic stroke specifically due to stroke progression or stroke recurrence have not been well delineated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a multicenter, nationwide registry, data on END due to stroke progression or recurrence confirmed by imaging were collected prospectively between January 2019 and July 2020. Patient characteristics, management strategies, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Among 14,828 consecutive ischemic stroke patients, 1717 (11.6%) experienced END, including 1221 (8.2%) with END due to stroke progression (SP) or stroke recurrence (SR). Active management after END was implemented in 64.2% of patients. Active management strategies included volume expansion (29.2%), change in antithrombotic regimen (26.1%), induced hypertension (8.6%), rescue reperfusion therapy (6.8%), intracranial pressure lowering with hyperosmolar agents (1.5%), bypass surgery (0.6%), and hypothermia (0.1%). Active management strategies that varied with patient features included volume expansion and induced hypertension, used more often in large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel occlusion, and rescue endovascular thrombectomy, more common in other (dissection), cardioembolism, and large artery atherosclerosis. Active management was associated with higher rates of freedom from disability (modified Rankin Scale, mRS, 0-1; 24.3% vs. 16.6%) and functional independence (mRS, 0-2; 41.6% vs. 27.7%) at 3 months. CONCLUSION END specifically due to stroke progression or recurrence occurs in 1 in 12 acute ischemic stroke patients. In this observational study, active management, undertaken in two-thirds of patients, was most often hemodynamic or antithrombotic and was associated with improved functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Artificial Intelligence Research Center, JLK Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
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19
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Lee M, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim BJ, Kim JY, Kang J, Park JM, Kang K, Park TH, Lee KB, Hong KS, Park HK, Cho YJ, Kim DEE, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim JT, Choi K, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee S, Chul Ho K, Shin DII, Yum KS, LEE JUNEYOUNG, Lee JS, BAE HJ. Abstract 44: Impact Of Novel Oral Anticoagulant Use On Secular Trend Of Vascular Events Or Death After Atrial Fibrillation-related Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Now novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are strongly recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains unclear to what extent the introduction of NOACs improved clinical outcomes in real-world practice.
Methods:
Using a nationwide prospective multi-center stroke registry database, we identified consecutive AIS patients with AF enrolled between Jan 2011 and Dec 2019, and analyzed one-year clinical events and NOAC prescription at discharge. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death. To assess the mediation effect of NOAC on the outcomes, we performed natural effect models according to the calendar year. The exposure-mediator analysis, exposure-outcome analysis, and mediator-outcome analysis were performed using multivariate regression analysis according to the characteristics of the variables.
Results:
We analyzed 12,500 patients (mean age, 74.4 years; 51.3% male; median NIHSS at presentation, 8). From 2011 to 2019, the cumulative one-year incidence of the primary composite outcome (28.3% to 22.1%), all-cause mortality (23.8% to 17.9%), and stroke recurrence (8.3% to 5.1%) significantly decreased, while the NOAC prescription rate at discharge increased (0% to 75.6%). One-year increase in the calendar year was independently associated with a delayed occurrence of primary composite outcomes (Step 1: adjusted Time Ratio (aTR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.14) and with an increased NOAC prescription rate (Step 2: adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; 2.14-2.27). Increase in the NOAC prescription rate was significantly associated with the delayed occurrence of primary composite outcome (Step 3: aTR, 3.80; 3.15-4.58). However, after controlling for the NOAC prescription rate (mediator), the calendar year was no longer associated with the primary composite outcomes. (Step 4: aTR, 0.78; 95% CI 0.60-1.03). Thus, our results indicate full mediation of NOAC prescription in the association between the calendar year and primary composite outcomes.
Conclusion:
The reduced risk of major vascular events or death over time in AIS patients with AF was fully mediated by the increase in NOAC use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Lee
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- SNU BUNDANG HOSPITAL, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do
| | - Jun Y Kim
- SEOUL NATL UNIV BUNDANG HOSPITAL, Seongnam-si
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hospit, Seongnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae G Kim
- EULJI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, Daejeon-si
| | - Jun Lee
- YEUNGNAM UNIV MEDICAL CTR, Daegu
| | | | | | | | - Kangho Choi
- CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, Gwangju
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hee-joon BAE
- Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
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20
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Kim DY, Han SG, Jeong HG, Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Shin DI, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Park HK, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park TH, Lee KB, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Covert Brain Infarction as a Risk Factor for Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 2023; 54:87-95. [PMID: 36268719 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.038600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate covert brain infarction (CBI), frequently encountered during the diagnostic work-up of acute ischemic stroke, as a risk factor for stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS For this prospective cohort study, from patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at 14 centers between 2017 and 2019, we enrolled AF patients without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and divided them into the CBI (+) and CBI (-) groups. The 2 groups were compared regarding the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model with nonstroke death as a competing risk and the Cox frailty model, respectively. Each CBI lesion was also categorized into either embolic-appearing (EA) or non-EA pattern CBI. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of any CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were estimated. RESULTS Among 1383 first-ever stroke patients with AF, 578 patients (41.8%) had CBI. Of these 578 with CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were 61.8% (n=357), 21.8% (n=126), and 16.4% (n=95), respectively. The estimated 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke was 5.2% and 1.9% in the CBI (+) and CBI (-) groups, respectively (P=0.001 by Gray test). CBI increased the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 2.91 [1.44-5.88]) but did not the risk of all-cause mortality (1.32 [0.97-1.80]). The EA pattern CBI only and both CBIs elevated the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (2.76 [1.32-5.77] and 5.39 [2.25-12.91], respectively), while the non-EA pattern only did not (1.44 [0.40-5.16]). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that AF patients with CBI might have increased risk of recurrent stroke. CBI could be considered when estimating the stroke risk in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gil Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gil Jeong
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (H.-G.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-J.L.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (D.-I.S.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.K.C., D.H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.K.C., D.H.K.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.).,Artificial Intelligence R&D, JLK Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., S.J.L.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.G.K., S.J.L.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea (H.-K.P., K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.,)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea (H.-K.P., K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.,)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea (H.-K.P., K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.,)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Republic of Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.)
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.B.G.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (D.Y.K., S.-G.H., H.-G.J., K.-J.L., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jeon KH, Kwon JM, Lee MS, Cho YJ, Oh IY, Lee JH. Deep learning-based electrocardiogram analysis detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm in patients with cryptogenic stroke: validation study using implantable cardiac monitoring. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most cause of cardioembolic source causing cryptogenic stroke. In these, anticoagulation therapy could reduce recurrence of stroke. However, paroxysmal AF would not be detected even by 24 hours Holter monitoring. Deep learning-based electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis models were recently developed to detect AF during sinus rhythm.
Purpose
We aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm (DLA) to detect AF during sinus rhythm and validate the model in patients with cryptogenic stroke who underwent implantable cardiac monitoring (ICM) to diagnose paroxysmal AF.
Methods
This cohort study involved three hospitals (A, B, and C). We developed a DLA to detect AF using sinus rhythm 10 s 12-lead ECG. We included adult patients aged ≥18 years from hospital A and B. We used development data from AF adult patients who had at least one atrial fibrillation rhythm in the study period (Jan 2016 to Dec 2021) and non-AF patients who had no reference to AF in the ECG and electronic medical record. DLA was based on convolutional neural network (CNN) using 10 s 12-lead. For external validation, the ECGs from 217 patients (hospital C) with cryptogenic stroke who underwent ICM were analyzed by using the DLA for validating the accuracy in the real-world clinical situations.
Results
We included 10,605 AF adult patients and 50,522 non-AF patients as development data. During the internal validation, the area under the curve (AUC) of the final DLA based on CNN was 0.793 (95% Confidence interval 0.778–0.807). In external validation data from cryptogenic stroke patients, the mean ICM duration was 15.1 months, and AF >5 mins was detected in 32 patients (14.5%). The diagnostic accuracy of DLA was 0.793 to detect AF during sinus rhythm, and AUC was 0.824. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the model were 0.844, 0.784, 0.403, and 0.967, respectively, which outperformed other conventional predictive methods based on clinical factors, such as CHARGE-AF, C2hest, and HATCH.
Conclusions
In this study, DLA accurately detected paroxysmal AF using 12-leads normal sinus rhythm ECG in patients with cryptogenic stroke and outperformed the conventional models. The DLA could be used as a screening tool to identify the cause of stroke in the future.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Jeon
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J M Kwon
- Incheon Sejong Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M S Lee
- Medical research team, Medical AI Inc , San Francisco , United States of America
| | - Y J Cho
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - I Y Oh
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Lee
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
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22
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Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Kim SE, Kim DY, Lee KJ, Park HK, Cho YJ, Park JM, Lee KB, Cha JK, Lee JS, Lee J, Yang KH, Hong OR, Shin JH, Park JH, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Annual Case Volume and One-Year Mortality for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e270. [PMID: 36123959 PMCID: PMC9485065 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between endovascular treatment (EVT) case volume per hospital and clinical outcomes has been reported, but the exact volume threshold has not been determined. This study aimed to examine the case volume threshold in this context. METHODS National audit data on the quality of acute stroke care in patients admitted via emergency department, within 7 days of onset, in hospitals that treated ≥ 10 stroke cases during the audit period were analyzed. Ischemic stroke cases treated with EVT during the last three audits (2013, 2014, and 2016) were selected for the analysis. Annual EVT case volume per hospital was estimated and analyzed as a continuous and a categorical variable (in quartiles). The primary outcome measure was 1-year mortality as a surrogate of 3-month functional outcome. As post-hoc sensitivity analysis, replication of the study results was examined using the 2018 audit data. RESULTS We analyzed 1,746 ischemic stroke cases treated with EVT in 120 acute care hospitals. The median annual EVT case volume was 12.0 cases per hospital, and mortality rates at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year were 12.7%, 16.6%, and 23.3%, respectively. Q3 and Q4 had 33% lower odds of 1-year mortality than Q1. Adjustments were made for predetermined confounders. Annual EVT case volume cut-off value for 1-year mortality was 15 cases per year (P < 0.02). The same cut-off value was replicated in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION Annual EVT case volume was associated with 1-year mortality. The volume threshold per hospital was 15 cases per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hwa Yang
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ock Ran Hong
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Shin
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Icheon Hospital, Icheon, Korea
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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23
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Kang YR, Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Park JM, Lee SH, Lee J, Bae HJ. Differential influences of LDL cholesterol on functional outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis according to prestroke statin use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15478. [PMID: 36104394 PMCID: PMC9474509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels differentially affect functional outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) depending on prestroke statin use. Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with IVT were categorized into low, intermediate, and high LDL-C groups based on LDL-C levels at admission (< 100/100–130/ > 130 mg/dl, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationships between LDL-C and clinical outcomes (good outcomes at 3 months, modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2). The interaction between LDL-C levels and prestroke statin use regarding functional outcomes was investigated. Among the 4711 patients (age, 67 ± 12 years; males, 62.1%) who met the eligibility criteria, compared with the high LDL-C group, the low and intermediate LDL-C groups were not associated with good outcomes at 3 months according to the multivariable analysis. A potential interaction between the LDL-C group and prestroke statin use on good outcomes at 3 months was observed (Pinteraction = 0.07). Among patients with prestroke statin use, low (aOR 1.84 [1.04–3.26]) and intermediate (aOR 2.31 [1.20–4.47]) LDL-C groups were independently associated with a greater likelihood of having a 3-month good outcome. Our study showed that LDL-C was not associated with a 3-month good outcome, but prestroke statin use could modify the influence of LDL-C levels on functional outcomes after IVT.
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24
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Zhang Z, Hayashi Y, Tohei T, Sakai A, Protasenko V, Singhal J, Miyake H, Xing HG, Jena D, Cho Y. Molecular beam homoepitaxy of N-polar AlN: Enabling role of aluminum-assisted surface cleaning. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo6408. [PMID: 36083903 PMCID: PMC9462693 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
N-polar aluminum nitride (AlN) is an important building block for next-generation high-power radio frequency electronics. We report successful homoepitaxial growth of N-polar AlN by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on large-area, cost-effective N-polar AlN templates. Direct growth without any in situ surface cleaning leads to films with inverted Al polarity. It is found that Al-assisted cleaning before growth enables the epitaxial film to maintain N-polarity. The grown N-polar AlN epilayer with its smooth, pit-free surface duplicates the structural quality of the substrate, as evidenced by a clean and smooth growth interface with no noticeable extended defects generation. Near band-edge photoluminescence peaks are observed at room temperature on samples with MBE-grown layers but not on the bare AlN templates, implying the suppression of nonradiative recombination centers in the epitaxial N-polar AlN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tohei
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Vladimir Protasenko
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jashan Singhal
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hideto Miyake
- Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Huili Grace Xing
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Debdeep Jena
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - YongJin Cho
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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25
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Lee KJ, Shin DW, Park HK, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Park TH, Lee KB, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim JT, Choi KH, Choi JC, Lesén E, Hedberg J, Tank A, Fita EG, Song JE, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ. Risk of Subsequent Events in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke or High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e254. [PMID: 35996931 PMCID: PMC9424742 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to present the prognosis after minor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), using a definition of subsequent stroke in accordance with recent clinical trials. In total, 9,506 patients with minor AIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 5) or high-risk TIA (acute lesions or ≥ 50% cerebral artery steno-occlusion) admitted between November 2010 and October 2013 were included. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke (progression of initial event or a subsequent event) and all-cause mortality. The cumulative incidence of stroke or death was 11.2% at 1 month, 13.3% at 3 months and 16.7% at 1 year. Incidence rate of stroke or death in the first month was 12.5 per 100 person-months: highest in patients with large artery atherosclerosis (17.0). The risk of subsequent events shortly after a minor AIS or high-risk TIA was substantial, particularly in patients with large artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji Eun Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Kim BJ, Menon BK, Yoo J, Han JH, Kim BJ, Kim CK, Kim JG, Kim JT, Park H, Baik SH, Han MK, Kang J, Kim JY, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Cha JK, Kim DH, Jeong JH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi KH, Choi JC, Kim JG, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Kim C, Lee SH, Lee J, Almekhlafi MA, Demchuk A, Bae HJ. Effectiveness and safety of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS. Front Neurol 2022; 13:955725. [PMID: 35989920 PMCID: PMC9389111 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purposeThere is much uncertainty in endovascular treatment (EVT) decisions in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurological deficits.MethodsFrom a prospective, nationwide stroke registry, all patients with LVO and baseline NIHSS <6 presenting within 24 h from the time last known well (LKW) were included. Early neurological deterioration (END) developed before EVT was prospectively collected as an increasing total NIHSS score ≥2 or any worsening of the NIHSS consciousness or motor subscores during hospitalization not related to EVT. Significant hemorrhage was defined as PH2 hemorrhagic transformation or hemorrhage at a remote site. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was prospectively collected at 3 months.ResultsAmong 1,083 patients, 149 (14%) patients received EVT after a median of 5.9 [3.6–12.3] h after LKW. In propensity score-matched analyses, EVT was not associated with mRS 0-1 (matched OR 0.99 [0.63–1.54]) but increased the risk of a significant hemorrhage (matched OR, 4.51 [1.59–12.80]). Extraneous END occurred in 207 (19%) patients after a median of 24.5 h [IQR, 13.5–41.9 h] after LKW (incidence rate, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.23–1.62] per 100 person-hours). END unrelated to EVT showed a tendency to modify the effectiveness of EVT (P-for-interaction, 0.08), which decreased the odds of having mRS 0–1 in mild LVO patients without END (adjusted OR, 0.63 [0.40–0.99]).ConclusionsThe use of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS scores may require the assessment of individual risks of early deterioration, hemorrhagic complications and expected benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Beom Joon Kim
| | - Bijoy K. Menon
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Baik
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Heon Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammed A. Almekhlafi
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Demchuk
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Kim H, Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kang J, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Lee J, Bae HJ. Stroke of Other Determined Etiology: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Stroke Registry. Stroke 2022; 53:2597-2606. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Stroke of other determined etiology (OE) includes patients with an uncommon cause of stroke. We described the general characteristics, management, and outcomes of stroke in OE and its subgroups.
METHODS:
This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry, the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry. We classified OE strokes into 10 subgroups according to the literature and their properties. Each OE subgroup was compared according to clinical characteristics, sex, age strata, lesion locations, and management. Moreover, 1-year composites of stroke and all-cause mortality were investigated according to the OE subgroups.
RESULTS:
In total, 2119 patients with ischemic stroke with OE types (mean age, 55.6±16.2 years; male, 58%) were analyzed. In the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry, patients with OE accounted for 2.8% of all patients with stroke. The most common subtypes were arterial dissection (39.1%), cancer-related coagulopathy (17.3%), and intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall (16.7%). Overall, strokes of OE were more common in men than in women (58% versus 42%). Arterial dissection, intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall and stroke associated with migraine and drugs were more likely to occur at a young age, while disorders of platelets and the hemostatic system, cancer-related coagulopathy, infectious diseases, and hypoperfusion syndromes were more frequent at an old age. The composite of stroke and all-cause mortality within 1 year most frequently occurred in cancer-related coagulopathy, with an event rate of 71.8%, but least frequently occurred in stroke associated with migraine and drugs and arterial dissection, with event rates of 0% and 7.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study presents the different characteristics, demographic findings, lesion locations, and outcomes of OE and its subtypes. It is characterized by a high proportion of arterial dissection, high mortality risk in cancer-related coagulopathy and an increasing annual frequency of cancer-related coagulopathy in patients with stroke of OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.K., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea (H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.K., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., J.K., K.-J.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., J.K., K.-J.L., H.-J.B.)
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., J.K., K.-J.L., H.-J.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul (K.-J.L.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.K.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, JLK, Inc., Seoul, Korea (W.-S.R.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea (J.C.C.)
| | | | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea (H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S., K.S.Y.)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.K., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.K., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H.C.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., J.K., K.-J.L., H.-J.B.)
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Kim JY, Lee KJ, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kang K, Park JM, Park TH, Park HK, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee KB, Jang MS, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ. Fasting and Non-Fasting Triglycerides in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e100. [PMID: 35380025 PMCID: PMC8980366 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical implications of elevated fasting triglycerides (FTGs) and non-fasting triglycerides (NFTGs) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the correlation and clinical significance of FTG and NFTG levels in AIS patients. METHODS Using a multicenter prospective stroke registry, we identified AIS patients hospitalized within 24 hours of onset with available NFTG results. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality up to one year. RESULTS This study analyzed 2,176 patients. The prevalence of fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia was 11.5% and 24.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age, diabetes, higher body mass index and initial systolic blood pressure were independently associated with both fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia (all P < 0.05). Patients with higher quartiles of NFTG were more likely to be male, younger, ever-smokers, diabetic, and have family histories of premature coronary heart disease and stroke (all P < 0.05). Similar tendencies were observed for FTG. The composite outcome was not associated with FTG or NFTG quartiles. CONCLUSION The fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia were prevalent in AIS patients and showed similar clinical characteristics and outcomes. High FTG and NFTG levels were not associated with occurrence of subsequent clinical events up to one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Suk Jang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kim JT, Choi KH, Shin DI, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Park TH, Park SS, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee KB, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. One-Year Blood Pressure Trajectory After Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023747. [PMID: 35195014 PMCID: PMC9075074 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the effect of blood pressure on poststroke outcome is well recognized, the long-term trajectory of blood pressure after acute ischemic stroke and its influence on outcomes have not been studied well. Methods and Results We analyzed systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in 5514 patients with acute ischemic stroke at ≥2 of 7 prespecified time points during the first year after stroke among those enrolled in a multicenter prospective registry. Longitudinal SBPs were categorized using a group-based trajectory model. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality up to 1 year after stroke. The study subjects were categorized into 4 SBP trajectory groups: low (27.0%), moderate (59.5%), persistently high (1.2%), and slowly dropping (12.4%). In the first 3 groups, SBP decreased during the first 3 to 7 days and remained steady thereafter. In the slowly dropping SBP group, SBPs decreased from 182 to 135 mm Hg during the first 30 days, then paralleled the trajectory of the moderate SBP group. Compared with the reference, the moderate SBP group, the slowly dropping SBP group was at higher risk for the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05‒1.65) and mortality (adjusted HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03‒1.78). Primary outcome rates were similarly high in the persistently high SBP group. Conclusions Four 1-year longitudinal SBP trajectories were identified in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients in the slowly dropping SBP and persistently high SBP trajectory groups were prone to adverse cardiovascular outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea.,Department of Neurology Korea University Guro Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Kang Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology Chungbuk National University Hospital Cheongju Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology Dong-A University Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology Dong-A University Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Goyang Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Goyang Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology Uijeongbu Eulji Medical CenterEulji University Seoul Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology Nowon Eulji Medical CenterEulji University Seoul Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology Eulji University Hospital Daejeon Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital Goyang Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital Goyang Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology Jeju National University Hospital Jeju Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology Seoul Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology Seoul Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology Ulsan University Hospital Ulsan Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology Ulsan University Hospital Ulsan Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology Yeungnam University Medical Center Daegu Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center Daegu Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center Daegu Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics Korea University Seoul Korea
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL.,Department of Translational Neuroscience Michigan State UniversityCollege of Human Medicine Grand Rapids MI
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea
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Kim J, Lee KJ, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Shin DI, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Kim J, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park TH, Lee KB, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Lee JS, Lee J, BAE HJ. Abstract TP180: Secular Trends For Demographics, Characteristics, Management, And Clinical Outcome Of Young Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.tp180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The incidence of stroke in young adults is increasing with the growing prevalence of stroke risk factors among young adults over the last decades. However, studies on secular trends in the young-age stroke population are scarce.
Methods:
We extracted data of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients aged 18-50 (n=7053; age, 43±6; male, 72%) from the multicenter stroke registry in South Korea. Demographics, risk factors, stroke characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes in young adults with AIS were summarized according to calendar year (2008-2019). Trends analysis was conducted using a linear regression model for continuous variables and the Mann-Kendall trend test for categorical variables.
Results:
There was no significant change between 2008 and 2019 in the proportions of young adults among female patients (7.1% to 7.0%, p=0.44). However, the proportions of young adults within male patients tended to decrease (12.4% to 10.7%; p=0.001) The prevalence, and awareness of risk factors were unchanged during the study period. Regarding stroke subtypes, there was a significant increase in other determined etiology (8% to 20%; p<0.001) and a tendency to decrease in large artery atherosclerosis (26% in 2008; 34% in 2009 to 26% in 2019; p=0.28). The endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) rate increased (2% to 8%; p<0.001), but the intravenous thrombolysis rate (8.8% to 10.6%) and door-to-needle time (38 to 36 min) did not change. Use of dual antiplatelet (DAPT; 29% to 55%; p=<0.001) increased and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation tended to increase (11.7% in 2013 to 44.8% in 2019; p=0.07; DOAC began to be used in 2013 in Korea). However, the use of anticoagulants among young adult patients having atrial fibrillation tended to decrease (80% to 66%; p=0.054). Clinical outcomes, including a 3-month modified ranking scale 0-2 (84.6% to 85.2%), 1-year mortality (2.8% to 2.4%), and stroke recurrence rate (4.5 to 5.6%), did not improve during the study period.
Conclusions:
Among young adults with ischemic stroke, the EVT rate and use of DAPT or DOACs increased. Still, awareness of risk factors, door-to-needle time, and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation required more attention to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Kim
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-joo Lee
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Neurology, Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Neurology, Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Neurology, Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae-kwan Cha
- Neurology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Busan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Neurology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Busan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Neurology, Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jong-moo Park
- Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ., Uijeongbu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ., Seoul-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae Kim
- Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ., Daejeon -si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ., Daejeon-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Neurology, Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hosp, Inje Univ., Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Neurology, Jeju National Univ Hosp, Jeju-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Hosp, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-ho Hong
- Neurology, Keimyung Univ Dongsan Hosp, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Neurology, Seoul Med Cntr, Seoul-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Neurology, Soonchunhyang Univ Hosp, Seoul-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jee-hyun Kwon
- Neurology, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wook-Jo Kim
- Neurology, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Lee
- Neurology, Yeungnam Univ Med Cntr, Daegu-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Rsch Cntr, Asan Med Cntr, Seoul-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Dept of Biostatistics, Korea Univ College of Medicine, Seoul-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-joon BAE
- Seoul Nat' Univ' Bundang Hosp, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
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Ryu WS, Hong KS, Jeong SW, Park JE, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee KB, Park TH, Park SS, Park JM, Kang K, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee J, Han MK, Park MS, Choi KH, Lee J, Saver JL, Lo EH, Bae HJ, Kim DE. Association of ischemic stroke onset time with presenting severity, acute progression, and long-term outcome: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003910. [PMID: 35120123 PMCID: PMC8815976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data suggest circadian variation in ischemic stroke progression, with more active cell death and infarct growth in rodent models with inactive phase (daytime) than active phase (nighttime) stroke onset. We aimed to examine the association of stroke onset time with presenting severity, early neurological deterioration (END), and long-term functional outcome in human ischemic stroke. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a Korean nationwide multicenter observational cohort study from May 2011 to July 2020, we assessed circadian effects on initial stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score at admission), END, and favorable functional outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0 to 2 versus 3 to 6). We included 17,461 consecutive patients with witnessed ischemic stroke within 6 hours of onset. Stroke onset time was divided into 2 groups (day-onset [06:00 to 18:00] versus night-onset [18:00 to 06:00]) and into 6 groups by 4-hour intervals. We used mixed-effects ordered or logistic regression models while accounting for clustering by hospitals. Mean age was 66.9 (SD 13.4) years, and 6,900 (39.5%) were women. END occurred in 2,219 (12.7%) patients. After adjusting for covariates including age, sex, previous stroke, prestroke mRS score, admission NIHSS score, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, prestroke antiplatelet use, prestroke statin use, revascularization, season of stroke onset, and time from onset to hospital arrival, night-onset stroke was more prone to END (adjusted incidence 14.4% versus 12.8%, p = 0.006) and had a lower likelihood of favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79 to 0.98]; p = 0.03) compared with day-onset stroke. When stroke onset times were grouped by 4-hour intervals, a monotonic gradient in presenting NIHSS score was noted, rising from a nadir in 06:00 to 10:00 to a peak in 02:00 to 06:00. The 18:00 to 22:00 and 22:00 to 02:00 onset stroke patients were more likely to experience END than the 06:00 to 10:00 onset stroke patients. At 3 months, there was a monotonic gradient in the rate of favorable functional outcome, falling from a peak at 06:00 to 10:00 to a nadir at 22:00 to 02:00. Study limitations include the lack of information on sleep disorders and patient work/activity schedules. CONCLUSIONS Night-onset strokes, compared with day-onset strokes, are associated with higher presenting neurologic severity, more frequent END, and worse 3-month functional outcome. These findings suggest that circadian time of onset is an important additional variable for inclusion in epidemiologic natural history studies and in treatment trials of neuroprotective and reperfusion agents for acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Wuk Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung E. Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Man Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeffrey L. Saver
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC (CIRCA)
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC (CIRCA)
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC (CIRCA)
- * E-mail: (H-JB); (D-EK)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, Korea
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC (CIRCA)
- * E-mail: (H-JB); (D-EK)
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Kim DY, Han SG, Jeong HG, Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Shin DI, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Kim J, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, PARK HK, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park TH, Lee KB, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Lee JS, LEE JUNEYOUNG, BAE HJ. Abstract WP184: The Risk Of Stroke Recurrence According To Neuroimaging Parameters In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke And Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.wp184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:
The usefulness of the existing risk stratification tools for atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited in predicting stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Neuroimaging parameters obtained from diagnostic work-up of AIS could offer more elaborate prediction.
Methods:
A multicenter prospective cohort of AIS patients with AF recruited from 14 university hospitals or regional stroke centers were followed up for recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) and a composite of all stroke and TIA. Neuroimaging features were derived from acute and chronic infarction patterns, and SVD markers such as lacunes, CMBs, and WMH. Cumulative incidences according to each neuroimaging parameter were estimated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and multivariable cause-specific hazard models with death as a competing risk.
Results:
A total of 2,270 patients were followed up for 431 days (IQR, 365-735), during which 111 RISs and 130 composite outcomes occurred. In unadjusted analysis, lesion multiplicity among acute infarction patterns, the presence of chronic non-lacunar infarction, and the presence of lacunes among SVD markers increased the risk of RIS significantly (Table). Other neuroimaging features such as territory multiplicity and location, confluency, topography, and size of acute lesions, lesion multiplicity, territory multiplicity, confluency, topography, and size of chronic infarction, number of lacunes, presence of CMBs, and WMH did not affect the incidence of RIS. The adjusted hazard ratios of lesion multiplicity of acute infarction, chronic infarction and lacunes were 1.45 (95% CI, 0.99-2.11), 1.57 (1.06-2.34) and 1.97 (1.30-2.98) for RIS, respectively. Similar findings were obtained for the composite outcome.
Conclusions:
Several neuroimaging markers were associated with recurrent ischemic stroke in AIS with AF. This could pave the way to a new stratification scheme for AF including neuroimaging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seok-Gil Han
- Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Han-gil Jeong
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-joo Lee
- Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom J Kim
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Neurology and Cerebrovascular Cntr, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Joon-tae Kim
- Chonnam National Univ Hosp, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Chungbuk National Univ Hosp, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae-kwan Cha
- Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong E Kim
- Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Dongguk Univ Ilsan Hosp, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jong-moo Park
- ngbu Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae Kim
- Daejeon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Daejeon Eulji Med Cntr, Eulji Univ Sch of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-chul Lee
- Hallym Univ Sacred Heart Hosp, Anyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hong-kyun PARK
- Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Inje Univ College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keun-sik Hong
- Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Inje Univ College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Inje Univ College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- ju National Univ Hosp, Jeju National Univ Sch of Medicine, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sung-il Sohn
- Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeong-ho Hong
- Keimyung Univ Dongsan Med Cntr, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan Univ College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Wook-joo Kim
- Ulsan Univ Hosp, Ulsan Univ College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jun Lee
- Yeungnam Univ Hosp, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Hee-joon BAE
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
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Chang JY, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee SJ, Park JM, Lee BC, Oh MS, Lee SH, Kim C, Kim DE, Lee KB, Park TH, Choi JC, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Bae HJ, Han MK. Association of Prestroke Glycemic Control With Vascular Events During 1-Year Follow-up. Neurology 2021; 97:e1717-e1726. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesWe evaluated the association between admission glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and subsequent risk of composite vascular events, including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and vascular death, in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes.MethodsPatients who had a TIA or an acute ischemic stroke within 7 days of symptom onset and diabetes were included in a retrospective cohort design using the stroke registry of the Clinical Research Center for Stroke in Korea. The association between admission HbA1c and composite vascular events, including stroke, MI, and vascular death, during 1-year follow-up was estimated using the Fine-Gray model. The risk of composite vascular events according to the ischemic stroke subtype was explored using fractional polynomial and linear-quadratic models.ResultsOf the 18,567 patients, 1,437 developed composite vascular events during follow-up. In multivariable analysis using HbA1c as a categorical variable, the risk significantly increased at a threshold of 6.8%–7.0%. The influence of admission HbA1c level on the risk of composite vascular events was pronounced particularly among those in whom fasting glucose at admission was ≤130 mg/dL. The optimal ranges of HbA1c associated with minimal risks for composite vascular events were lowest for the small vessel occlusion subtype (6.6 [95% confidence internal [CI], 6.3–6.9]) compared to the large artery atherosclerosis (7.3 [95% CI, 6.8–7.9]) or the cardioembolic subtype (7.4 [95% CI, 6.3–8.5]).DicussionIn patients with ischemic stroke and diabetes, the risks of composite vascular events were significantly associated with admission HbA1c. The optimal range of admission HbA1c was below 6.8%–7.0% and differed according to the ischemic stroke subtype.
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Ryu WS, Schellingerhout D, Hong KS, Jeong SW, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee KB, Park TH, Park SS, Park JM, Kang K, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee J, Han MK, Park MS, Choi KH, Nahrendorf M, Lee J, Bae HJ, Kim DE. Relation of Pre-Stroke Aspirin Use With Cerebral Infarct Volume and Functional Outcomes. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:763-776. [PMID: 34536234 PMCID: PMC9292882 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigated (1) the associations of pre‐stroke aspirin use with thrombus burden, infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, early neurological deterioration (END), and functional outcome, and (2) whether stroke subtypes modify these associations in first‐ever ischemic stroke. Methods This multicenter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based study included 5,700 consecutive patients with acute first‐ever ischemic stroke, who did not undergo intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, from May 2011 through February 2014. Propensity score‐based augmented inverse probability weighting was performed to estimate adjusted effects of pre‐stroke aspirin use. Results The mean age was 67 years (41% women), and 15.9% (n = 907) were taking aspirin before stroke. Pre‐stroke aspirin use (vs nonuse) was significantly related to a reduced infarct volume (by 30%), particularly in large artery atherosclerosis stroke (by 45%). In cardioembolic stroke, pre‐stroke aspirin use was associated with a ~50% lower incidence of END (adjusted difference = −5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −8.9 to −1.9). Thus, pre‐stroke aspirin use was associated with ~30% higher likelihood of favorable outcome (3‐month modified Rankin Scale score < 3), particularly in large artery atherosclerosis stroke and cardioembolic stroke (adjusted difference = 7.2%, 95% CI = 1.8 to 12.5 and adjusted difference = 6.4%, 95% CI = 1.7 to 11.1, respectively). Pre‐stroke aspirin use (vs nonuse) was associated with 85% less frequent cerebral thrombus‐related susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) in large artery atherosclerosis stroke (adjusted difference = −1.4%, 95% CI = −2.1 to −0.8, p < 0.001) and was associated with ~40% lower SVS volumes, particularly in cardioembolic stroke (adjusted difference = −0.16 cm3, 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.02, p = 0.03). Moreover, pre‐stroke aspirin use was not significantly associated with hemorrhagic transformation (adjusted difference = −1.1%, p = 0.09). Interpretation Pre‐stroke aspirin use associates with improved functional independence in patients with first‐ever ischemic large arterial stroke by reducing infarct volume and/or END, likely by decreasing thrombus burden, without increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:763–776
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.,National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Departments of Radiology and Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang
| | - Sang-Wuk Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Man Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.,National Priority Research Center for Stroke, Goyang, South Korea
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Chang JY, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee SJ, Park JM, Lee BC, Oh MS, Lee SH, Kim C, Kim DE, Lee KB, Park TH, Choi JC, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee JS, Bae HJ, Han MK. Prestroke Glucose Control and Functional Outcome in Patients With Acute Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke and Diabetes After Thrombectomy. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2140-2148. [PMID: 34215632 PMCID: PMC8740925 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether prestroke glucose control is associated with functional outcomes in patients with acute large vessel occlusive stroke and diabetes who underwent intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea registry, we included patients with emergent large vessel occlusive stroke with diabetes who underwent IAT between January 2009 and March 2020. The association between the HbA1c level at admission and functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale at 3 months after the index stroke) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 1,351 patients were analyzed. Early neurological deterioration was more common in patients with higher levels of HbA1c at admission (P = 0.02 according to HbA1c quintiles, P = 0.003 according to an HbA1c cutoff value of 7.0%) than in those with lower HbA1c levels. Higher HbA1c levels at admission were significantly associated with decreased odds of favorable functional outcomes at a threshold of 7.0-7.1%. The association was consistently observed in subgroups divided according to age, sex, stroke subtype, occlusion site, degree of recanalization, thrombolysis modalities, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and treatment period. CONCLUSIONS Prestroke glucose control with a target HbA1c of ≤7.0% may be beneficial for neurological recovery in patients with diabetes undergoing IAT for large vessel occlusive stroke, regardless of stroke subtype, bridging intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, degree of recanalization, and treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Chang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Park JW, Oh CH, Choi BU, Hong HJ, Park JH, Kim TY, Cho YJ. Effect of Progressive Head Extension Swallowing Exercise on Lingual Strength in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153419. [PMID: 34362202 PMCID: PMC8348116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lingual strengthening training can improve the swallowing function in older adults, but the optimal method is unclear. We investigated the effects of a new progressive resistance exercise in the elderly by comparing with a conventional isometric tongue strengthening exercise. Twenty-nine participants were divided into two groups randomly. One group performed forceful swallow of 2 mL of water every 10 s for 20 min, and a total of 120 swallowing tasks per session at 80% angle of maximum head extension. The other group performed five repetitions in 24 sets with a 30 s rest, and the target level was settled at 80% of one repetition maximum using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). A total of 12 sessions were carried out by both groups over a 4-week period. Blinded measurements (for maximum lingual isometric pressure and peak pressure during swallowing) were obtained using IOPI before exercise and at four weeks in both groups. After four weeks, both groups showed a significant improvement in lingual strength involving both isometric and swallowing tasks. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in strength increase involving both tasks. Regardless of the manner, tongue-strengthening exercises substantially improved lingual pressure in the elderly with equal effect.
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Kim S, Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Lee J, Bae HJ. Comparative effectiveness of combined antiplatelet treatments in acute minor ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 7:13-21. [PMID: 34290076 PMCID: PMC8899677 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No study has thoroughly compared the effectiveness of combined antiplatelet treatments (other than clopidogrel–aspirin) versus clopidogrel–aspirin or aspirin alone for early secondary prevention in acute ischaemic stroke. Methods We identified patients with acute, minor, non-cardiogenic ischaemic stroke treated with aspirin alone, clopidogrel–aspirin or other combination treatment. Propensity scores considering the inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to adjust for baseline imbalances. The primary outcome was the composite of all strokes (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality at 3 months. Results Among 12 234 patients (male: 61.9%; age: 65.5±13 years) who met the eligibility criteria, aspirin, clopidogrel–aspirin and other combination treatments were administered in 52.2%, 42.9% and 4.9% of patients, respectively. In the crude analysis, the primary outcome event at 3 months occurred in 14.5% of the other combination group, 14.4% of the aspirin group and 13.0% of the clopidogrel–aspirin group. In the weighted Cox proportional hazards analysis, the 3-month primary outcome event occurred less frequently in the clopidogrel–aspirin group than in the other combination group (weighted HR: 0.82 (0.59–1.13)), while no association was found between the aspirin group (weighted HR: 1.04 (0.76–1.44)) or other combination group and the 3-month primary outcome. Conclusion Other combined antiplatelet treatment, compared with aspirin alone or clopidogrel–aspirin, was not associated with reduced risks of primary composite vascular events or recurrent stroke during the first 3 months after stroke. Therefore, the results suggest that other combination treatments, particularly the cilostazol-based combination, may not be effective alternatives for clopidogrel–aspirin to prevent early vascular events in patients with acute minor stroke. Further exploration in clinical trials will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-a University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-a University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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38
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Kim BJ, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee J, Kim JT, Choi KH, Park TH, Park SS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee JS, Lee J, Han MK, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Treatment Intensification for Elevated Blood Pressure and Risk of Recurrent Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019457. [PMID: 33787300 PMCID: PMC8174371 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background It remains unclear whether physicians' attitudes toward timely management of elevated blood pressure affect the risk of stroke recurrence. Methods and Results From a multicenter stroke registry database, we identified 2933 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to participating centers in 2011, survived at the 1‐year follow‐up period, and returned to outpatient clinics ≥2 times after discharge. As a surrogate measure of physicians' attitude, individual treatment intensification (TI) scores were calculated by dividing the difference between the frequencies of observed and expected medication changes by the frequency of clinic visits and categorizing them into 5 groups. The association between TI groups and the recurrence of stroke within 1 year was analyzed using hierarchical frailty models, with adjustment for clustering within each hospital and relevant covariates. Mean±SD of the TI score was −0.13±0.28. The TI score groups were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke compared with Group 3 (TI score range, −0.25 to 0); Group 1 (range, −1 to −0.5), adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 13.43 (95% CI, 5.95–30.35); Group 2 (range, −0.5 to −0.25), adjusted HR 4.59 (95% CI, 2.01–10.46); and Group 4 (TI score 0), adjusted HR 6.60 (95% CI, 3.02–14.45); but not with Group 5 (range, 0–1), adjusted HR 1.68 (95% CI, 0.62–4.56). This elevated risk in the lowest TI score groups persisted when confining analysis to those with hypertension, history of blood pressure‐lowering medication, no atrial fibrillation, and regular clinic visits and stratifying the subjects by functional capacity at discharge. Conclusions A low TI score, which implies physicians' therapeutic inertia in blood pressure management, was associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke. The TI score may be a useful performance indicator in the outpatient clinic setting to prevent recurrent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology Yeungnam University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology Seoul Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology Seoul Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology Eulji General Hospital Eulji University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology Eulji General Hospital Eulji University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology Eulji University HospitalEulji University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology Eulji University HospitalEulji University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology Dong-A University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology Dong-A University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology Ulsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology Chungbuk National University Hospital Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center Asan Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics College of Medicine Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Lee KJ, Kang J, Kim BJ, Kim SE, Park HK, Cho YJ, Park JM, Lee KB, Lee JS, Lee J, Yang KH, Hong OR, Shin JH, Bae HJ. Abstract P470: Annual Endovascular Treatment Procedural Volume and One Year Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In-hospital and 30-day mortality, 3-month functional outcome were reported as associated with endovascular treatment (EVT) case volume per hospital, but one-year mortality was unknown. Furthermore, the hospital EVT volume threshold based on one-year mortality was not reported. We aimed to investigate whether there was a correlation between annual EVT case volume per hospital and one-year mortality and suggest volume threshold.
Methods:
Data from Korean national survey for assessing quality of acute stroke care were used. The survey was conducted since 2005 and the subject was patients with acute stroke who were admitted via emergency rooms within 7 days of onset at hospitals treating 10 or more stroke cases during the three (2013, 2014) or six (2016) month survey period. Ischemic stroke cases treated with EVT during the last available three assessments (2013, 2014, and 2016) were selected for the analysis.
Results:
A total of 1,746 ischemic stroke cases (age, 69.2 ± 12.4years; male, 56.6%) treated in 120 hospitals with EVT were analyzed. The median annual EVT case volume was 12.0 cases per hospital (interquartile range, 6.0-22.9) and the mortality at one-month, three-month, and one-year were 12.7%, 16.6%, and 23.3%, respectively. When divided into quartiles according to the annual EVT case volume, the lowest quartile group was found to have the highest one-year mortality (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals], 1.49 [1.04-2.13]), adjusted for age, sex, NIHSS, onset to arrival time. Restricted cubic splines performed on the annual EVT case volume per hospital revealed that cut-off value for the probability of one-year mortality was 15 cases per year (
p
<0.02) (Figure).
Conclusions:
There was an association between annual EVT case volume and one-year mortality, and the volume threshold per hospital based on the one-year mortality was found to be 15 EVT cases per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yup Kim
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Dept of Neurology, Inje Univ Ilsan Paik Hosp, Goyang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Dept of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Soonchunhyang Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Rsch Cntr, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Med Cntr, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Dept of Biostatistics, Korea Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ki Hwa Yang
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ock Ran Hong
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Hyeon Shin
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
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40
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Kim H, Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Lee J, Bae HJ. Golden Hour Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Changing Pattern in South Korea. J Stroke 2021; 23:135-138. [PMID: 33600712 PMCID: PMC7900393 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Lee HL, Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Lee J, Bae HJ. CHA2DS2-VASc score in acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation: results from the Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:793. [PMID: 33436977 PMCID: PMC7804950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a multicenter registry to identify estimated event rates according to CHA2DS2-VASc scores in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The additional effectiveness of antiplatelets (APs) plus oral anticoagulants (OACs) compared with OACs alone considering the CHA2DS2-VASc scores was also explored. This study retrospectively analyzed a multicenter stroke registry between Jan 2011 and Nov 2017, identifying patients with acute ischemic stroke with AF. The primary outcome event was a composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality within 1 year. A total of 7395 patients (age, 73 ± 10 years; men, 54.2%) were analyzed. The primary outcome events at one year ranged from 5.99% (95% CI 3.21–8.77) for a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 points to 30.45% (95% CI 24.93–35.97) for 7 or more points. After adjustments for covariates, 1-point increases in the CHA2DS2-VASc score consistently increased the risk of primary outcome events (aHR 1.10 [1.06–1.15]) at 1-year. Among OAC-treated patients at discharge (n = 5500), those treated with OAC + AP (vs. OAC alone) were more likely to experience vascular events, though among patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 5 or higher, the risk of primary outcome in the OAC + AP group was comparable to that in the OAC alone group (Pint = 0.01). Our study found that there were significant associations of increasing CHA2DS2-VASc scores with the increasing risk of vascular events at 1-year in AIS with AF. Further study would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Loh Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea.
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Lee KJ, Kim SE, Kim JY, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Choi KH, Kim JT, Shin DI, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Park JM, Kang K, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Park HK, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Choi JC, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee J, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Five-Year Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Korea. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e018807. [PMID: 33372531 PMCID: PMC7955456 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The long‐term incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been well defined in large cohort studies of various race‐ethnic groups. Methods and Results A prospective cohort of patients with AIS who were registered in a multicenter nationwide stroke registry (CRCS‐K [Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea] registry) was followed up for the occurrence of AMI through a linkage with the National Health Insurance Service claims database. The 5‐year cumulative incidence and annual risk were estimated according to predefined demographic subgroups, stroke subtypes, a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), and known risk factors of CHD. A total of 11 720 patients with AIS were studied. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of AMI was 2.0%. The annual risk was highest in the first year after the index event (1.1%), followed by a much lower annual risk in the second to fifth years (between 0.16% and 0.27%). Among subgroups, annual risk in the first year was highest in those with a history of CHD (4.1%) compared with those without a history of CHD (0.8%). The small‐vessel occlusion subtype had a much lower incidence (0.8%) compared with large‐vessel occlusion (2.2%) or cardioembolism (2.4%) subtypes. In the multivariable analysis, history of CHD (hazard ratio, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.01–3.93) was the strongest independent predictor of AMI after AIS. Conclusions The incidence of AMI after AIS in South Korea was relatively low and unexpectedly highest during the first year after stroke. CHD was the most substantial risk factor for AMI after stroke and conferred an approximate 5‐fold greater risk.
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Hwang JW, Kim H, Cho SW, Shin YC, Kim HS, Cho YJ, Kwak JJ. Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with intracardiac atypical linear-shaped and floating thrombus presenting as embolic cerebral infarction. J Cardiol Cases 2020; 23:193-197. [PMID: 33995694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the multi-organ involvement in hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is important for the diagnosis and care of patients with this condition, even in cases with atypical presentation. This report aims to describe cerebral embolic infarction and intracardiac atypical linear-shaped thrombus in a patient with idiopathic HES and to discuss the approach of appropriate diagnosis and timely interventional management. A 55-year-old man presented with general weakness, including left-sided weakness, mild cognitive dysfunction, and mild exertional dyspnea for about 2 weeks. Initial magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the brain showed multifocal acute to subacute infarction of both cerebral hemispheres and both cerebellums. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis (25,620 cells/mm3) and eosinophilia (54.9%). To evaluate the intracardiac embolic source, the patient underwent echocardiography, and a 1.5 cm linear thread-like and mobile mass was detected. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic HES. After bone marrow biopsy, corticosteroid and hydroxyurea were administered to control the eosinophilia. This case indicates that HES can present as a floating intracardiac atypical linear-shaped thrombus attached to the left ventricle. After appropriate diagnostic approaches, proper treatment could be given for the patient. <Learning objective: Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Knowledge of the multi-organ involvement in HES is important for the diagnosis and care of patients with this condition, even in cases with atypical shaped thrombus as clinical presentation. Close monitoring combined with early treatment and diagnosis may help reduce mortality in HES patients.>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, 10380 Republic of Korea
| | - Hakju Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, 10380 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Cheol Shin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Kim
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kwak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, 10380 Republic of Korea
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Lee HL, Kim JT, Lee JS, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Sun Oh M, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee J, Bae HJ. Comparative Effectiveness of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Mild-to-Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke According to the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: An Analysis of 15 000 Patients From a Nationwide, Multicenter Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020; 13:e006474. [PMID: 33201737 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin with that of aspirin monotherapy (AM) in mild-to-moderate acute ischemic stroke considering the risk of recurrent stroke using the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II) score. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry database between January 2011 and July 2018. We included patients with mild-to-moderate (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤10), acute (within 24 hours of onset), noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was a 3-month composite of stroke (either hemorrhagic or ischemic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Propensity scores using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method were used to mitigate baseline imbalances between the DAPT and AM groups and within each subgroup considering SPI-II scores. RESULTS Among the 15 430 patients (age, 66±13 years; men, 62.0%), 45.1% (n=6960) received DAPT and 54.9% (n=8470) received AM. Primary outcome events were significantly more frequent in the AM group (16.7%) than in the DAPT group (15.5%; P=0.03). Weighted Cox proportional hazards models showed a reduced risk of 3-month primary vascular events in the DAPT group versus the AM group (hazard ratio, 0.84 [0.78-0.92]; P<0.001), with no interaction between acute treatment type and SPI-II risk subgroups (Pinteraction=0.44). However, among the high-risk patients with SPI-II scores >7, a substantially larger absolute benefit was observed for 3-month composite vascular events in the DAPT group (weighted absolute risk differences, 5.4%), whereas smaller absolute benefits were observed among patients in the low- or medium-risk SPI-II subgroups (1.7% and 2.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with clopidogrel-aspirin was associated with a reduction in 3-month vascular events compared with AM in mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke patients. Larger magnitudes of the effects of DAPT with clopidogrel-aspirin were observed in the high-risk subgroup by SPI-II risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Loh Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.-L.L., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Cho)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.-L.L., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Cho)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.S.L.)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.-L.L., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Cho)
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.-L.L., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Cho)
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (H.-L.L., J.-T.K., M.-S.P., K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Cho)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., H.-J.B.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., J.G.K.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Korea (T.H.P., S.-S.P.)
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Korea (T.H.P., S.-S.P.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K., W.-S.R.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S.)
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (S.I.S., J.-H.H.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, BK21FOUR Program in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul (J.L.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., H.-J.B.)
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Park TH, Lee JK, Park MS, Park SS, Hong KS, Ryu WS, Kim DE, Park MS, Choi KH, Kim JT, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Cho YJ, Kwon JH, Shin DI, Yeo MJ, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee JS, Choi JC, Kim WJ, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee KB, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Neurologic deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Neurology 2020; 95:e2178-e2191. [PMID: 32817184 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve epidemiologic knowledge of neurologic deterioration (ND) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS In this prospective observational study, we captured ND prospectively in 29,446 patients with AIS admitted to 15 hospitals in Korea within 7 days of stroke onset. ND was defined as an increase in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥2 (total), or ≥1 (motor or consciousness), or any new neurologic symptoms. Change in incidence rate after stroke onset, causes, factors associated with ND, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months and 1 year, and a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death at 1 year were assessed. RESULTS ND occurred in 4,299 (14.6%) patients. The highest rate, 6.95 per 1,000 person-hours incidence, was within the first 6 hours, which decreased to 2.09 within 24-48 hours, and 0.66 within 72-96 hours after stroke onset. Old age, female sex, diabetes, early arrival, large artery atherosclerosis as a stroke subtype, high NIHSS scores, glucose level, systolic blood pressure, leukocytosis at admission, recanalization therapy, TIA without a relevant lesion, and steno-occlusion of relevant arteries were associated with ND. The causes were stroke progression (71.8%) followed by recurrence (8.5%). Adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for poor outcome (mRS 3-6) at 3 months and 1 year were 1.75 (1.70-1.80) and 1.70 (1.65-1.75), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for the composite event was 1.59 (1.45-1.74). CONCLUSIONS ND should be taken into consideration as a factor that may influence the outcome in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Hwan Park
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeong-Kon Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Moo-Seok Park
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Man Seok Park
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jihoon Kang
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jun Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Min-Ju Yeo
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Kyusik Kang
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- From the Department of Neurology (T.H.P., M.-S.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center (J.-K.L., J.K., B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang; Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (M.S.P., K.-H.C., J.-T.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (J.G.K., S.J.L.), Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-H.K., W.-J.K.), Ulsan University College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.-I.S., M.-J.Y.), Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju; Department of Neurology (S.I.S., J.-H.H.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu; Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul; Department of Neurology (J.C.C.), Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P., K.K.), Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.B.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (P.B.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Davee, Chicago, IL.
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Kwon HH, Yang SH, Cho YJ, Shin E, Choi M, Bae Y, Jung JY, Park GH. Comparison of a 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet picosecond laser using a diffractive optical element vs. a nonablative 1550-nm erbium-glass laser for the treatment of facial acne scarring in Asian patients: a 17-week prospective, randomized, split-face, controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2907-2913. [PMID: 32603006 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel picosecond lasers using a diffractive optical element (P-DOE) have been available for skin resurfacing with distinct mechanisms. However, there are limited data directly comparing P-DOE and conventional fractional lasers for the treatment of atrophic acne scarring. OBJECTIVES We sought to compare the efficacy and safety of a 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet P-DOE and a non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) in the treatment of acne scarring. METHODS A prospective, randomized, split-face, controlled trial was performed. One randomly assigned half-side of each patient's face (n = 25) was treated with four consecutive sessions of P-DOE at 3-week intervals and the other side with NAFL, with subsequent follow-up for 8 weeks after the final sessions. The efficacy and safety of the two lasers were determined by the Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'acné (Scale of Clinical Evaluation of Acne Scars; ECCA) grading scale, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score and patients' reports at the final visit. Histologic analysis was also performed. RESULTS The P-DOE-treated side achieved a significantly better improvement in acne appearance (ECCA per cent reduction: 55% vs. 42%) with less severe pain (4.3 vs. 5.6) (P < 0.05). The IGA score and subjective satisfaction were consistent with ECCA score results. Occurrences of treatment-related side-effects were also lower in the group treated with P-DOE (P < 0.05). Histologic analysis revealed elongation and increased density of neocollagen fibres, elastic fibres and mucin throughout the dermis from both sides. CONCLUSIONS Compared with NAFL, P-DOE afforded better clinical outcomes and fewer side-effects in the treatment of acne scarring in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kwon
- Oaro Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y J Cho
- Oaro Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Shin
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Oaro Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-H Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
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Kim JT, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park MS, Choi KH, Cho KH, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Effectiveness of Adding Antiplatelets to Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation and Concomitant Large Artery Steno-Occlusion. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1322-1331. [PMID: 32472251 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of adding antiplatelet (AP) to oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment versus OAC treatment alone in patients with AIS with atrial fibrillation (AF) and significant large artery steno-occlusion (LASO). This study is a retrospective analysis of a nationwide, prospective, multicenter stroke registry between April 2008 and November 2017. Patients with acute (within 48 h of onset) and mild-to-moderate (NIHSS score ≤ 15) stroke with AF and concomitant LASO were identified. Antithrombotic regimens at discharge were categorized into OAC alone or OAC + AP. The primary outcome event was a composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality within 3 months of stroke. Among the 2553 patients (age, 73 ± 10 years; men, 50.4%), 78.8% were treated with OAC alone, and 21.2% were treated with OAC + AP. The primary outcome events were significantly more common in the OAC + AP group (6.7%) than the OAC alone group (4.3%) (p = 0.02). Weighted Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that OAC + AP increased the risk of 3-month primary outcome events compared with OAC alone (HR, 1.62 [1.06 to 2.46]). A potential interaction between the type of LASO and discharge antithrombotics was suggested (Pinteraction = 0.04); unlike in patients with complete occlusion (OAC + AP; HR, 2.00 [1.27-3.15]), OAC + AP was comparable with OAC alone for 3-month primary outcome in patients with moderate-to-severe stenosis (HR, 0.54 [0.17-1.70]). In conclusion, OAC + AP might increase the risk of 3-month outcome events compared with OAC alone in patients with AIS with AF and concomitant LASO. However, the effect of additional AP to OAC might differ according to LASO type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
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Park HK, Lee JS, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Nah HW, Han MK, Kim BJ, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim JT, Choi KH, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Bae HJ. Statin therapy in acute cardioembolic stroke with no guidance-based indication. Neurology 2020; 94:e1984-e1995. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIt is uncertain whether patients with cardioembolic stroke and without a guidance-based indication for statin therapy should be administered a statin for prevention of subsequent vascular events. This study was performed to determine whether the statin therapy is beneficial in preventing major vascular events in this population.MethodsUsing a prospective multicenter stroke registry database, we identified patients with acute cardioembolic stroke who were hospitalized between 2008 and 2015. Patients who had other established indications for statin therapy according to current guidelines were excluded. Major vascular event was defined as a composite of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. We performed frailty model analysis with the robust sandwich variance estimator using the stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting method to estimate hazard ratios of statin therapy on outcomes.ResultsOf 6,124 patients with cardioembolic stroke, 2,888 (male 44.6%, mean age 75.3 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 74.8–75.8) were eligible, and 1,863 (64.5%) were on statin therapy during hospitalization. After a median follow-up of 359 days, cumulative incidences of major vascular events were 9.3% in the statin users and 20.5% in the nonusers (p < 0.001 by log-rank test). The adjusted hazard ratios of statin therapy were 0.39 (95% CI 0.31–0.48) for major vascular events, 0.81 (95% CI 0.57–1.16) for stroke recurrence, 0.28 (95% CI 0.21–0.36) for vascular death, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.45–0.61) for all-cause death.ConclusionStarting statin during the acute stage of ischemic stroke may reduce the risk of major vascular events, vascular death, and all-cause death in patients with cardioembolic stroke with no guidance-based indication for statin.
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Kim JY, Lee KJ, Kang J, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kim SE, Lee H, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Park TH, Park MS, Park SS, Lee KB, Park HK, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Choi KH, Kim JT, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Park KY, Lee JS, Jang S, Chae JE, Lee J, Bae HJ. Development of stroke identification algorithm for claims data using the multicenter stroke registry database. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228997. [PMID: 32059039 PMCID: PMC7021298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among potential stroke cases is crucial for stroke research based on claims data. However, the accuracy of using the diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision was less than expected. METHODS From the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data, stroke cases admitted to the hospitals participating in the multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea, CRCS-K) during the study period with principal or additional diagnosis codes of I60-I64 on the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases were extracted. The datasets were randomly divided into development and validation sets with a ratio of 7:3. A stroke identification algorithm using the claims data was developed and validated through the linkage between the extracted datasets and the registry database. RESULTS Altogether, 40,443 potential cases were extracted from the NHIS claims data, of which 31.7% were certified as AIS through linkage with the CRCS-K database. We selected 17 key identifiers from the claims data and developed 37 conditions through combinations of those key identifiers. The key identifiers comprised brain CT, MRI, use of tissue plasminogen activator, endovascular treatment, carotid endarterectomy or stenting, antithrombotics, anticoagulants, etc. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm were 81.2%, 82.9%, and 82.4% in the development set, and 80.2%, 82.0%, and 81.4% in the validation set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our stroke identification algorithm may be useful to grasp stroke burden in Korea. However, further efforts to refine the algorithm are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Jang
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Chae
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chang JY, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee SJ, Park JM, Lee BC, Oh MS, Kim DE, Lee KB, Park TH, Choi JC, Shin DI, Kim WJ, Sohn SI, Bae HJ, Han MK. Influence of Hemoglobin Concentration on Stroke Recurrence and Composite Vascular Events. Stroke 2020; 51:1309-1312. [PMID: 32078481 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- We evaluated whether hemoglobin concentration at admission was associated with stroke recurrence and composite vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) in acute ischemic stroke. Methods- We collected data from patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from a multicenter stroke registry database in Korea. The association of hemoglobin concentration with 1-year stroke recurrence and composite vascular events was evaluated with respect to age, presence of cerebral artery stenosis, stroke severity, and stroke subtype. Results- Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with stroke recurrence and composite vascular events. One-year rates of stroke recurrence and composite vascular events were significantly higher in patients with anemia or moderate anemia. In multivariable analyses, moderate anemia remained an independent predictor of stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.16-1.75]) and composite vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.48]). Moderate anemia increased the risk of composite vascular events in patients with mild-to-moderate stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <16, P=0.01 for interaction). Conclusions- Hemoglobin concentration could be an independent predictor of stroke recurrence and composite vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Chang
- From the Department of Neurology (J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (B.J.K., H.-J.B., M.-K.H.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (J.-T.K.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.)
| | - Jae Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.K.C., D.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea (B.-C.L., M.S.O.)
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea (B.-C.L., M.S.O.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (D.-E.K.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.)
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Korea (T.H.P.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Korea (J.C.C.)
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (D.-I.S.)
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea (W.-J.K.)
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (S.-I.S.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (B.J.K., H.-J.B., M.-K.H.)
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea (B.J.K., H.-J.B., M.-K.H.)
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