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Huang W, Zong J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Shan Z, Xie Q, Li M, Pan S, Xiao Z. The Role of Circadian Rhythm in Neurological Diseases: A Translational Perspective. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1565-1587. [PMID: 37815902 PMCID: PMC11272204 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic biological clocks drive the circadian rhythm, which coordinates the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. Recently, a bidirectional relationship between circadian rhythms and several neurological diseases has been reported. Neurological diseases can lead to the disruption of circadian homeostasis, thereby increasing disease severity. Therefore, optimizing the current treatments through circadian-based approaches, including adjusted dosing, changing lifestyle, and targeted interventions, offer a promising opportunity for better clinical outcomes and precision medicine. In this review, we provide detailed implications of the circadian rhythm in neurological diseases through bench-to-bedside approaches. Furthermore, based on the unsatisfactory clinical outcomes, we critically discuss the potential of circadian-based interventions, which may encourage more studies in this discipline, with the hope of improving treatment efficacy in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabin Zong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lily Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengming Shan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Songqing Pan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Borlongan C, Esposito E, Corales LG, Hattori Y, Hayashi Y, Ihara M, Iliff JJ, Kisler K, Kitazume S, Koizumi S, Liu J, Maki T, Onodera O, Saito S, Sawamoto K, Sohya K, Taguchi A, Takahashi S, Tanaka K, Taoka T, Wake H, Yuzaki M. From bench to bedside: US-Japan Collaborative Workshop on the NVU. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:31. [PMID: 38816814 PMCID: PMC11137876 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The joint workshop between U.S. and Japanese researchers, supported by The U.S.-Japan Brain Research Cooperative Program, convened in January 2023 at Keio University Mita campus in Tokyo, Japan. The workshop had a threefold objective. Firstly, it aimed to facilitate robust exchanges between U.S. and Japanese researchers engaged in Neurovascular Unit (NVU) research, enhancing the global network of scholars in the field. Secondly, it aimed to encourage the initiation of collaborative research projects, fostering interdisciplinary efforts and synergistic advancements in understanding the brain vascular physiology and central nervous system. Lastly, the workshop emphasized the nurturing of young researchers, recognizing their pivotal role in shaping the future of NVU research. Throughout the workshop, participants discussed fundamental aspects of the NVU, exploring its complex connections and vital functions. By sharing their expertise and insights, the workshop attendees sought to uncover novel approaches to mitigate the burden of neurological diseases for individuals worldwide. This report provides a summary of the presentations and discussions held during the workshop, showcasing the collective efforts and progress made by the participants.
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Mergenthaler P, Balami JS, Neuhaus AA, Mottahedin A, Albers GW, Rothwell PM, Saver JL, Young ME, Buchan AM. Stroke in the Time of Circadian Medicine. Circ Res 2024; 134:770-790. [PMID: 38484031 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Time-of-day significantly influences the severity and incidence of stroke. Evidence has emerged not only for circadian governance over stroke risk factors, but also for important determinants of clinical outcome. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between chronobiology and cerebrovascular disease. We discuss circadian regulation of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying stroke onset or tolerance as well as in vascular dementia. This includes cell death mechanisms, metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation/immunity. Furthermore, we present clinical evidence supporting the link between disrupted circadian rhythms and increased susceptibility to stroke and dementia. We propose that circadian regulation of biochemical and physiological pathways in the brain increase susceptibility to damage after stroke in sleep and attenuate treatment effectiveness during the active phase. This review underscores the importance of considering circadian biology for understanding the pathology and treatment choice for stroke and vascular dementia and speculates that considering a patient's chronotype may be an important factor in developing precision treatment following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mergenthaler
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (P.M., A.M.B.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology (P.M.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Joyce S Balami
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (A.A.N.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.M., P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Stanford Hospital, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.M., P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, Geffen School of Medicine, University of Los Angeles, CA (J.L.S.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.E.Y.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (P.M., A.M.B.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface separating the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation, ensuring brain homeostasis and function. Recent research has unveiled a profound connection between the BBB and circadian rhythms, the endogenous oscillations synchronizing biological processes with the 24-hour light-dark cycle. This review explores the significance of circadian rhythms in the context of BBB functions, with an emphasis on substrate passage through the BBB. Our discussion includes efflux transporters and the molecular timing mechanisms that regulate their activities. A significant focus of this review is the potential implications of chronotherapy, leveraging our knowledge of circadian rhythms for improving drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the temporal changes in BBB can lead to optimized timing of drug administration, to enhance therapeutic efficacy for neurological disorders while reducing side effects. By elucidating the interplay between circadian rhythms and drug transport across the BBB, this review offers insights into innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
| | - Richard F Keep
- Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (R.F.K.)
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
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5
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Licastro E, Pignataro G, Iliff JJ, Xiang Y, Lo EH, Hayakawa K, Esposito E. Glymphatic and lymphatic communication with systemic responses during physiological and pathological conditions in the central nervous system. Commun Biol 2024; 7:229. [PMID: 38402351 PMCID: PMC10894274 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between central nervous system (CNS) and systemic responses is important in many pathological conditions, including stroke, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, epilepsy, etc. Accumulating evidence suggest that signals for central-systemic crosstalk may utilize glymphatic and lymphatic pathways. The glymphatic system is functionally connected to the meningeal lymphatic system, and together these pathways may be involved in the distribution of soluble proteins and clearance of metabolites and waste products from the CNS. Lymphatic vessels in the dura and meninges transport cerebrospinal fluid, in part collected from the glymphatic system, to the cervical lymph nodes, where solutes coming from the brain (i.e., VEGFC, oligomeric α-syn, β-amyloid) might activate a systemic inflammatory response. There is also an element of time since the immune system is strongly regulated by circadian rhythms, and both glymphatic and lymphatic dynamics have been shown to change during the day and night. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the brain-cervical lymph node (CLN) signaling and how it might be affected by diurnal or circadian rhythms is fundamental to find specific targets and timing for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Licastro
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yanxiao Xiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Elga Esposito
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Ronaldson PT, Williams EI, Betterton RD, Stanton JA, Nilles KL, Davis TP. CNS Drug Delivery in Stroke: Improving Therapeutic Translation From the Bench to the Bedside. Stroke 2024; 55:190-202. [PMID: 38134249 PMCID: PMC10752297 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug development for ischemic stroke is challenging as evidenced by the paucity of therapeutics that have advanced beyond a phase III trial. There are many reasons for this lack of clinical translation including factors related to the experimental design of preclinical studies. Often overlooked in therapeutic development for ischemic stroke is the requirement of effective drug delivery to the brain, which is critical for neuroprotective efficacy of several small and large molecule drugs. Advancing central nervous system drug delivery technologies implies a need for detailed comprehension of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit. Such knowledge will permit the innate biology of the BBB/neurovascular unit to be leveraged for improved bench-to-bedside translation of novel stroke therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight key aspects of BBB/neurovascular unit pathophysiology and describe state-of-the-art approaches for optimization of central nervous system drug delivery (ie, passive diffusion, mechanical opening of the BBB, liposomes/nanoparticles, transcytosis, intranasal drug administration). Additionally, we will discuss how endogenous BBB transporters represent the next frontier of drug delivery strategies for stroke. Overall, this review will provide cutting edge perspective on how central nervous system drug delivery must be considered for the advancement of new stroke drugs toward human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erica I. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert D. Betterton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua A. Stanton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kelsy L. Nilles
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Guo C, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Yin Q, Li Z, Shao L, Zhou D, Liu L. The Circadian System Is Essential for the Crosstalk of VEGF-Notch-mediated Endothelial Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1375-1395. [PMID: 36862341 PMCID: PMC10465432 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major public health problem worldwide. Although the circadian clock is involved in the process of ischemic stroke, the exact mechanism of the circadian clock in regulating angiogenesis after cerebral infarction remains unclear. In the present study, we determined that environmental circadian disruption (ECD) increased the stroke severity and impaired angiogenesis in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, by measuring the infarct volume, neurological tests, and angiogenesis-related protein. We further report that Bmal1 plays an irreplaceable role in angiogenesis. Overexpression of Bmal1 promoted tube-forming, migration, and wound healing, and upregulated the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch pathway protein levels. This promoting effect was reversed by the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT, according to the results of angiogenesis capacity and VEGF pathway protein level. In conclusion, our study reveals the intervention of ECD in angiogenesis in ischemic stroke and further identifies the exact mechanism by which Bmal1 regulates angiogenesis through the VEGF-Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, 410208, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, 410208, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Le Shao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, China
- Laboratory of Prevention and Transformation of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China.
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Cao X, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Q, Sun Y, Lin N, Liu X. miR-100-5p activation of the autophagy response through inhibiting the mTOR pathway and suppression of cerebral infarction progression in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8315-8324. [PMID: 37610710 PMCID: PMC10497003 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the association between microRNAs (miRNAs) and autophagy in cerebral infarction (CI) has attracted increasingly more attention. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a key protein regulating the autophagy response. miR-100-5p can bind to the mTOR protein, but its role in CI remains unclear yet. This experiment aims to clarify the role of miR-100-5p in CI. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen differentiated expressed functional genes between CI tissue and normal tissue specimens. In vivo experiments: the mouse model of CI was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) methods, After being treated with miR-100-5p-overexpressing lentivirus, the amount of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive fluorescence and the fluorescent expression level of mTOR protein were significantly inhibited in the CI region. Western blotting analysis showed that miR-100-5p inhibited the protein expression level of phosphorylated mTOR and total mTOR and enhanced the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC-3II), and autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG-7). For in vitro experiment, after the BV-2 cells were successfully infected with the control lentivirus and miR-100-5p-overexpression lentivirus, they were stimulated with 1% hypoxia and low-glucose medium in a tri-gas incubator for 24 h. It was found that miR-100-5p could significantly lower the protein expression level of phosphorylated mTOR and total mTOR, and increase the expression of the Beclin, LC-3II, ATG-7 autophagy related proteins. miR-100-5p promotes the autophagy response through binding to mTOR protein, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and delaying the progression of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cao
- Neurology Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Neurology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Neurology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Lin
- Neurology Department, Shijiazhuang Hua Yao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Neurology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kamat PK, Khan MB, Smith C, Siddiqui S, Baban B, Dhandapani K, Hess DC. The time dimension to stroke: Circadian effects on stroke outcomes and mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105457. [PMID: 36442686 PMCID: PMC9839555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is widely involved in the various pathological outcomes affected by time dimension changes. In the brain, the master circadian clock, also known as the "pacemaker," is present in the hypothalamus's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN consists of molecular circadian clocks that operate in each neuron and other brain cells. These circadian mechanisms are controlled by the transcription and translation of specific genes such as the clock circadian regulator (Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-Like 1 (Bmal1). Period (Per1-3) and cryptochrome (Cry1 and 2) negatively feedback and regulate the clock genes. Variations in the circadian cycle and these clock genes can affect stroke outcomes. Studies suggest that the peak stroke occurs in the morning after patients awaken from sleep, while stroke severity and poor outcomes worsen at midnight. The main risk factor associated with stroke is high blood pressure (hypertension). Blood pressure usually dips by 15-20% during sleep, but many hypertensives do not display this normal dipping pattern and are non-dippers. A sleep blood pressure is the primary determinant of stroke risk. This article discusses the possible mechanism associated with circadian rhythm and stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Kamat
- Departments of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA.
| | | | - Cameron Smith
- Departments of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Shahneela Siddiqui
- Departments of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Departments of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Departments of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Yan S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhou D, Liu L. The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013027. [PMID: 36570843 PMCID: PMC9772621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Desheng Zhou,
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Liu,
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