1
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Zhou J, Fabros A, Lam SJ, Coro A, Selvaratnam R, Brinc D, Di Meo A. The stability of 65 biochemistry analytes in plasma, serum, and whole blood. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1557-1569. [PMID: 38443327 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pre-analytical stability of various biochemical analytes requires careful consideration, as it can lead to the release of erroneous laboratory results. There is currently significant variability in the literature regarding the pre-analytical stability of various analytes. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-analytical stability of 65 analytes in whole blood, serum and plasma using a standardized approach. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers (10 volunteers per analyte) into five vacutainers; either SST, Li-heparin, K2-EDTA, or Na-fluoride/K-oxalate. Several conditions were tested, including delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at room temperature (RT) for 8 h, delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at RT or 4 °C for 24 h, and immediate centrifugation with storage of plasma or serum at RT for 24 h. Percent deviation (% PD) from baseline was calculated for each analyte and compared to the maximum permissible instability (MPI) derived from intra- and inter-individual biological variation. RESULTS The majority of the analytes evaluated remained stable across all vacutainer types, temperatures, and timepoints tested. Glucose, potassium, and aspartate aminotransferase, among others, were significantly impacted by delayed centrifugation, having been found to be unstable in whole blood specimens stored at room temperature for 8 h. CONCLUSIONS The data presented provides insight into the pre-analytical variables that impact the stability of routine biochemical analytes. This study may help to reduce the frequency of erroneous laboratory results released due to exceeded stability and reduce unnecessary repeat phlebotomy for analytes that remain stable despite delayed processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, 233837 University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anselmo Fabros
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Jane Lam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Coro
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeevan Selvaratnam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, 233837 University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Davor Brinc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, 233837 University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Di Meo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, 233837 University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 574811 University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Rigoni M, Tessarolo F. Venous blood collection systems using evacuated tubes: a systematic review focusing on safety, efficacy and economic implications of integrated vs. combined systems. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0460. [PMID: 38877871 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Venous blood collection systems (VBCSs) are combinations of in-vitro diagnostics and medical devices, usually available as integrated set. However, purchasing and using a combination of devices from different sets is considered by clinical laboratories as an option to achieve specific sampling tasks or reduce costs. This systematic review aimed to retrieve available evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and economic aspects of VBCSs, focusing on differences between integrated and combined systems. The literature review was carried out in PubMed. Cited documents and resources made available by scientific organisations were also screened. Extracted evidence was clustered according to Quality/Efficacy/Performance, Safety, and Costs/Procurement domains and discussed in the current European regulatory framework. Twenty documents published between 2010 and 2021 were included. There was no evidence to suggest equivalence between combined and integrated VBCSs in terms of safety and efficacy. Scientific society's consensus documents and product standards report that combined VBCS can impact operators' and patients' safety. Analytical performances and overall efficacy of combined VBCSs are not guaranteed without whole system validation and verification. EU regulatory framework clearly allocates responsibilities for the validation and verification of an integrated VBCS, but not for combined VBCSs, lacking information about the management of product nonconformities and post-market surveillance. Laboratory validation of combined VBCS demands risk-benefit and cost-benefit analyses, a non-negligible organisational and economic burden, and investment in knowledge acquisition. Implications in terms of laboratory responsibility and legal liability should be part of a comprehensive assessment of safety, efficacy, and cost carried out during device procurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Polyclinic Maggiore Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Tessarolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, 19034 University of Trento , Trento, Italy
- Healthcare Research and Innovation Program, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
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3
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Farouk F, Elkady E. LC-MS/MS determination of atropine toxicity: Pre-analytical effect of blood collection tube and analytical matrix. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116029. [PMID: 38457866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Atropine (ATR) intoxication is a recurrent case in emergency departments. The diagnosis is dependent on clinical evaluation and is supported by analytical assessment. The assay is limited by the rapid degradation/metabolism of ATR into TRP as well as the preanalytical factors impairing correct detection and diagnosis. In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS method was optimized for the simultaneous determination of ATR and TRP. The effect of analytical matrix and the impact of blood-collection tube type on the ATR analytical signal were investigated. Separation was achieved using water: 0.01% formic acid acidified methanol (40: 60, v/v) as a mobile phase and Inertsil® C18 column (5 µm; 4.6*150 mm) as a stationary phase. The retention-times were 2.6 and 6.5 min for ATR and TRP, respectively. A chromatographic shift (0.4 min) in ATR peak, but not TRP, was observed in biological samples from neat ones. The best analytical signal was observed when heparinized blood collection tubes were employed. The method was linear, accurate and precise in the ATR toxicity range enabling the detection of ATR intoxication down to a concentration of 0.1 ng/mL by applying a simple sample clean-up procedure. In conclusion, an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of ATR and TRP is presented. The method highlights the chromatographic shift of ATR peak in biological samples that may induce false-negative detection and poses TRP as an alternative toxicological marker for ATR toxicity. Meanwhile the study recommends heparin tubes for blood-sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October city, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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4
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Zhao KN, Dimeski G, Masci P, Johnson L, Wang J, de Jersey J, Grant M, Lavin MF. Generation of Rapid and High-Quality Serum by Recombinant Prothrombin Activator Ecarin (RAPClot™). Biomolecules 2024; 14:645. [PMID: 38927049 PMCID: PMC11201583 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the potential application of recombinant prothrombin activator ecarin (RAPClot™) in blood diagnostics. In a new study, we describe RAPClot™ as an additive to develop a novel blood collection prototype tube that produces the highest quality serum for accurate biochemical analyte determination. The drying process of the RAPClot™ tube generated minimal effect on the enzymatic activity of the prothrombin activator. According to the bioassays of thrombin activity and plasma clotting, γ-radiation (>25 kGy) resulted in a 30-40% loss of the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes. However, a visual blood clotting assay revealed that the γ-radiation-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes showed a high capacity for clotting high-dose heparinized blood (8 U/mL) within 5 min. This was confirmed using Thrombelastography (TEG), indicating full clotting efficiency under anticoagulant conditions. The storage of the RAPClot™ tubes at room temperature (RT) for greater than 12 months resulted in the retention of efficient and effective clotting activity for heparinized blood in 342 s. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes sterilized with an electron-beam (EB) was significantly greater than that with γ-radiation. The EB-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes stored at RT for 251 days retained over 70% enzyme activity and clotted the heparinized blood in 340 s after 682 days. Preliminary clinical studies revealed in the two trials that 5 common analytes (K, Glu, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), Fe, and Phos) or 33 analytes determined in the second study in the γ-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes were similar to those in commercial tubes. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the novel RAPClot™ blood collection prototype tube has a significant advantage over current serum or lithium heparin plasma tubes for routine use in measuring biochemical analytes, confirming a promising application of RAPClot™ in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Masci
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Lambro Johnson
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - John de Jersey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael Grant
- Q-Sera Pty Ltd., Level 9, 31 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Martin F. Lavin
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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5
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Zeng X, Chen Y, Sehrawat A, Lee J, Lafferty TK, Kofler J, Berman SB, Sweet RA, Tudorascu DL, Klunk WE, Ikonomovic MD, Pfister A, Zetterberg H, Snitz BE, Cohen AD, Villemagne VL, Pascoal TA, Kamboh ML, Lopez OI, Blennow K, Karikari TK. Alzheimer blood biomarkers: practical guidelines for study design, sample collection, processing, biobanking, measurement and result reporting. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:40. [PMID: 38750570 PMCID: PMC11095038 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains challenging to understand and treat despite decades of research and clinical investigation. This might be partly due to a lack of widely available and cost-effective modalities for diagnosis and prognosis. Recently, the blood-based AD biomarker field has seen significant progress driven by technological advances, mainly improved analytical sensitivity and precision of the assays and measurement platforms. Several blood-based biomarkers have shown high potential for accurately detecting AD pathophysiology. As a result, there has been considerable interest in applying these biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as surrogate metrics to investigate the impact of various covariates on AD pathophysiology and to accelerate AD therapeutic trials and monitor treatment effects. However, the lack of standardization of how blood samples and collected, processed, stored analyzed and reported can affect the reproducibility of these biomarker measurements, potentially hindering progress toward their widespread use in clinical and research settings. To help address these issues, we provide fundamental guidelines developed according to recent research findings on the impact of sample handling on blood biomarker measurements. These guidelines cover important considerations including study design, blood collection, blood processing, biobanking, biomarker measurement, and result reporting. Furthermore, the proposed guidelines include best practices for appropriate blood handling procedures for genetic and ribonucleic acid analyses. While we focus on the key blood-based AD biomarkers for the AT(N) criteria (e.g., amyloid-beta [Aβ]40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40 ratio, total-tau, phosphorylated-tau, neurofilament light chain, brain-derived tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein), we anticipate that these guidelines will generally be applicable to other types of blood biomarkers. We also anticipate that these guidelines will assist investigators in planning and executing biomarker research, enabling harmonization of sample handling to improve comparability across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jihui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tara K Lafferty
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dana L Tudorascu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh HS, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Pfister
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anne D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - M Llyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Oscar I Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
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6
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Abusoglu S, Ecer B, Guven H, Yorulmaz AE, Serdar MA, Unlu A, Akyurek F, Ozturk B, Abusoglu G. End-user verification results of two serum separator tubes for clinical chemistry analytes according to CLSI GP34-A and CLSI GP41-A6. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:183-192. [PMID: 38701073 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2344681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Tube manufacturers use different composition of gels and blood clot activator formulations in serum tube production. Our aim was to investigate the within-tube (repeatability) and between-tube variation, concordance between comparison results of BD and VacuSEL tubes. Blood samples were collected from control subjects (n = 20) and patients (n = 30) in accordance with the CLSI GP41-A6 and CLSI GP34-A guidelines. Twenty-three clinical chemistry parameters were analysed via Roche Cobas C702 Chemistry Analyzer on T0 (0 hour) and T24 (24 hour). Mean differences % were compared with Wilcoxon matched pair test. Clinical significance was evaluated based on desirable bias according to total allowable error (TEa). VacuSEL tubes demonstrated acceptable performance for the results of 20 parameters with regards to desirable bias % limits. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) [mean difference % (%95 confidence intervals (CI) values of BD and VacuSEL tubes at T0 [6.41% (4.80-8.01%)]; sodium (Na) and total protein (TP) at T24 [-0.27% (-0.46 to -0.07%) and -1.39% (-1.87 to -0.91), respectively] were over the desirable bias limits (LD: 4.3%, Na: 0.23% and TP: 1.36%, respectively) but not exceeding total biological variation CV % [Na: 0.5 (0.0-1.0) % and TP: 2.6 (2.3-2.7) %). %95 confidence intervals (CI) of T0 LD values overlap with within-subject biological variation % (CI) limits (LD: 5.2 (4.9-5.4) %). The differences between two tubes were not medically significant and necessarily conclusive. VacuSEL serum tubes presented comparable performance with BD serum tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Abusoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Ecer
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Halil Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Yorulmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fikret Akyurek
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Abusoglu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Selcuk University Vocational School of Health, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Nielsen AJ, Ladefoged SA, Madsen JB. Add-on testing: stability assessment of 63 biochemical analytes in centrifuged and capped samples stored at 16 °C. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1388. [PMID: 38593236 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Integration of add-on testing in high-scale automated clinical laboratories constitute a valuable instrument not only for the clinicians and the general patient care, but also for the laboratory itself. Knowledge on sample quality and analytical stability upon storage is necessary to be able to offer add-on testing. The objectives of this study were to examine the analytical stability of 63 biochemical analytes in plasma and urine samples stored at 16 °C. METHODS Samples were collected by professional laboratory technicians, analyzed at automated analyzers and stored in their primary, capped tube without separator for 10, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h at 16 °C. Stability was assessed by inspecting mean concentration of samples at baseline and examining if (A) mean concentration over time violated limits of bias, or if (B) individual sample concentrations violated limits of total error. RESULTS The majority of the 63 analytes were stable for up to 24 h of storage. Few of the analytes were only suitable for add-on testing for 4, 6, 10, 12, 16 or 20 h of storage. One analyte, P-lactate dehydrogenase, was not found suitable for add-on testing when stored at 16 °C. CONCLUSIONS Due to the increasing number of intelligent solutions for high-scale clinical laboratories, add-on testing has come to stay. Loss of stability could not be demonstrated for the majority of analytes after 10, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h of storage. This feature of analytical stability suggests that add-on testing is an acceptable tool for these analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 11297 Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren A Ladefoged
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 11297 Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe B Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 11297 Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Vasavan T, Getreu N, Rutter E, Biggs R, Woolley T, Timpson A, O'Neill HC. Capillary blood collection tubes containing serum separator gel result in lower measurements of oestradiol and total testosterone. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:e84-e87. [PMID: 37919874 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharni Vasavan
- Research and Development, Hertility Health Limited, London, UK
| | - Natalie Getreu
- Research and Development, Hertility Health Limited, London, UK
- EGA Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Timpson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen C O'Neill
- Research and Development, Hertility Health Limited, London, UK
- EGA Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Ialongo C. Blood alcohol concentration in the clinical laboratory: a narrative review of the preanalytical phase in diagnostic and forensic testing. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:010501. [PMID: 38107001 PMCID: PMC10564119 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), a pivotal toxicological test, concerns acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) and driving under the influence (DUI). As such, BAC presents an organizational challenge for clinical laboratories, with unique complexities due to the need for forensic defensibility as part of the diagnostic process. Unfortunately, a significant number of scientific investigations dealing with the subject present discrepancies that make it difficult to identify optimal practices in sample collection, transportation, handling, and preparation. This review provides a systematic analysis of the preanalytical phase of BAC that aims to identify and explain the chemical, physiological, and pharmacological mechanisms underlying controllable operational factors. Nevertheless, it seeks evidence for the necessity to separate preanalytical processes for diagnostic and forensic BAC testing. In this regard, the main finding of this review is that no literature evidence supports the necessity to differentiate preanalytical procedures for AAI and DUI, except for the traceability throughout the chain of custody. In fact, adhering to correct preanalytical procedures provided by official bodies such as European federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine for routine phlebotomy ensures both diagnostic accuracy and forensic defensibility of BAC. This is shown to depend on the capability of modern pre-evacuated sterile collection tubes to control major factors influencing BAC, namely non-enzymatic oxidation and microbial contamination. While certain restrictions become obsolete with such devices, as the use of sodium fluoride (NaF) for specific preservation of forensic BAC, this review reinforces the recommendation to use non-alcoholic disinfectants as a means to achieve "error-proof" procedures in challenging operational environments like the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ialongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Miron RJ, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Optimization of platelet-rich fibrin. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:79-91. [PMID: 37681522 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has gained tremendous popularity in recent years owing to its ability to speed wound healing postsurgery. However, to date, many clinicians are unaware of methods designed to optimize the technology. This overview article will discuss the advancements and improvements made over the years aimed at maximizing cell and growth factor concentrations. First, a general understanding explaining the differences between RPM and RCF (g-force) is introduced. Then, the low-speed centrifugation concept, fixed angle versus horizontal centrifugation, and methods to maximize platelet concentrations using optimized protocols will be discussed in detail. Thereafter, the importance of chemically modified PRF tubes without the addition of chemical additives, as well as regulation of temperature to induce/delay clotting, will be thoroughly described. This article is a first of its kind summarizing all recent literature on PRF designed to optimize PRF production for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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11
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Von Holle A, O'Brien KM, Sandler DP, Janicek R, Karagas MR, White AJ, Niehoff NM, Levine KE, Jackson BP, Weinberg CR. Toenail and serum levels as biomarkers of iron status in pre- and postmenopausal women: correlations and stability over eight-year follow-up. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1682. [PMID: 38242893 PMCID: PMC10798942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron status is often assessed in epidemiologic studies, and toenails offer a convenient alternative to serum because of ease of collection, transport, and storage, and the potential to reflect a longer exposure window. Very few studies have examined the correlation between serum and toenail levels for trace metals. Our aim was to compare iron measures using serum and toenails on both a cross-sectional and longitudinal basis. Using a subset of the US-wide prospective Sister Study cohort, we compared toenail iron measures to serum concentrations for iron, ferritin and percent transferrin saturation. Among 146 women who donated both blood and toenails at baseline, a subsample (59%, n = 86) provided specimens about 8 years later. Cross-sectional analyses included nonparametric Spearman's rank correlations between toenail and serum biomarker levels. We assessed within-woman maintenance of rank across time for the toenail and serum measures and fit mixed effects models to measure change across time in relation to change in menopause status. Spearman correlations at baseline (follow-up) were 0.08 (0.09) for serum iron, 0.08 (0.07) for transferrin saturation, and - 0.09 (- 0.17) for ferritin. The within-woman Spearman correlation for toenail iron between the two time points was higher (0.47, 95% CI 0.30, 0.64) than for serum iron (0.30, 95% CI 0.09, 0.51) and transferrin saturation (0.34, 95% CI 0.15, 0.54), but lower than that for ferritin (0.58, 95% CI 0.43, 0.73). Serum ferritin increased over time while nail iron decreased over time for women who experienced menopause during the 8-years interval. Based on cross-sectional and repeated assessments, our evidence does not support an association between serum biomarkers and toenail iron levels. Toenail iron concentrations did appear to be moderately stable over time but cannot be taken as a proxy for serum iron biomarkers and they may reflect physiologically distinct fates for iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Von Holle
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop A3-03, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Janicek
- Advanced Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Ontada, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop A3-03, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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12
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van der Leest P, Schuuring E. Critical Factors in the Analytical Work Flow of Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Molecular Profiling. Clin Chem 2024; 70:220-233. [PMID: 38175597 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy testing, especially molecular tumor profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free plasma, has received increasing interest in recent years as it serves as a reliable alternative for the detection of tumor-specific aberrations to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Many (commercially available) applications have been developed, however, broad divergences in (pre)analytical work flows and lack of universally applied guidelines impede routine clinical implementation. In this review, critical factors in the blood-based ctDNA liquid biopsy work flow are evaluated. CONTENT In the preanalytical phase, several aspects (e.g., blood collection tubes [BCTs], plasma processing, and extraction method) affect the quantity and quality of the circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) applicable for subsequent molecular analyses and should meet certain standards to be applied in diagnostic work flows. Analytical considerations, such as analytical input and choice of assay, might vary based on the clinical application (i.e., screening, primary diagnosis, minimal residual disease [MRD], response monitoring, and resistance identification). In addition to practical procedures, variant interpretation and reporting ctDNA results should be harmonized. Collaborative efforts in (inter)national consortia and societies are essential for the establishment of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in attempts to standardize the plasma-based ctDNA analysis work flow. SUMMARY Development of universally applicable guidelines regarding the critical factors in liquid biopsy testing are necessary to pave the way to clinical implementation for routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul van der Leest
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Sahu PK, Sahoo S, Chatterjee N, Majhi J, Dutta AK, Goswami K, Pal A. Comparative Evaluation of Serum Lithium Estimation Using Plain Glass Vial and Serum Clot Activator Vacutainer by Reflectance Photometry. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:578-582. [PMID: 37780867 PMCID: PMC10539053 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The collection of blood samples in different vacutainers can affect the result of serum lithium estimation due to the presence of distinct additives in the blood collection vacutainer for enhancing the clot formation process. Due to the low therapeutic index and threat of toxicity of lithium, it is imperative to correctly report the test result. Thus, it has become a challenge for the laboratory physician to estimate lithium in any clinical laboratory setup. Materials and Methods Sample of 100 patients were collected and paired into clot activator vacutainers and plain glass vials. After centrifugation, samples from the paired collection tubes were processed immediately for serum lithium estimation by VITROS 4600 analyzer working on the principle of reflectance photometry. Both the paired tubes were stored at 2 to 8°C and were further analyzed, at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, from the time of their collection. The statistical analysis was done in IBM SPSS software version 23. Results There was a statistically significant differences between the mean of lithium values when processed within 1st hour of collection, obtained from clot activator vacutainers in comparison to glass vials. However, within tube comparison, there was no statistical difference in the lithium values estimated at 1st hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours of collection. Conclusion In this study, lithium values measured by clot-activated vacutainers are found to be lower as compared with values measured through glass vials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibasish Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Namrata Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Jitendra Majhi
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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14
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Gros N, Stopar T. Preanalytical Quality Evaluation of Citrate Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes-Ultraviolet Molecular Absorption Spectrometry Confronted with Ion Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:7735. [PMID: 38067465 PMCID: PMC10707995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously enabled a direct insight into the quality of citrate anticoagulant tubes before their intended use for specimen collection by introducing an easy-to-perform UV spectrometric method for citrate determination on a purified water model. The results revealed differences between the tubes of three producers, Greiner BIO-ONE (A), LT Burnik (B), and BD (C). It became apparent that tubes C contain an additive, which absorbs light in the ultraviolet range and prevents reliable evaluation of citrate anticoagulant concentration with the suggested method. In this research, we re-evaluate the quality of citrate-evacuated blood collection tubes by complementing UV spectrometry with ion chromatography. (1) Comparable results were obtained for tubes B at 220 nm. (2) Citrate concentrations determined with ion chromatography were lower for tubes A and C. Chromatograms reveal additional peaks for both. (3) Influences of heparin on absorption spectra and chromatograms of citrate were studied. Some similarities with the shape of the anticoagulant spectra of tubes A and C were observed, and the lithium heparin peak in chromatograms is close to them, but a confident judgment was not possible. (4) Contamination of anticoagulant solution with potassium, magnesium, and calcium was confirmed for all the brands, and contamination with lithium for B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Gros
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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15
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Lai YY, Lim CH, Nazli MS, Samsudin IN, Thambiah SC. A Patient with Hypokalemia and Hypoxemia-What Is the Culprit? Clin Chem 2023; 69:1220-1225. [PMID: 37932109 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ye Lai
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Hoe Lim
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Syahmi Nazli
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Intan Nureslyna Samsudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Sheik DA, Byers K, Thomas M, Rajesh UC, Ifuku K, Kirkwood K, Al-Haddad M, Craik CS, Davisson VJ. Addressing the unmet clinical need for low-volume assays in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1258998. [PMID: 38846269 PMCID: PMC11156210 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1258998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The incidental detection of pancreatic cysts, an opportunity for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, is increasing, owing to an aging population and improvements in imaging technology. The classification of pancreatic cystic precursors currently relies on imaging and cyst fluid evaluations, including cytology and protein and genomic analyses. However, there are persistent limitations that obstruct the accuracy and quality of information for clinicians, including the limited volume of the complex, often acellular, and proteinaceous milieu that comprises pancreatic cyst fluid. The constraints of currently available clinical assays lead clinicians to the subjective and inconsistent application of diagnostic tools, which can contribute to unnecessary surgery and missed pancreatic cancers. Herein, we describe the pathway toward pancreatic cyst classification and diagnosis, the volume requirements for several clinically available diagnostic tools, and some analytical and diagnostic limitations for each assay. We then discuss current and future work on novel markers and methods, and how to expand the utility of clinical pancreatic cyst fluid samples. Results of ongoing studies applying SERS as a detection mode suggest that 50 μL of pancreatic cyst fluid is more than sufficient to accurately rule out non-mucinous pancreatic cysts with no malignant potential from further evaluation. This process is expected to leave sufficient fluid to analyze a follow-up, rule-in panel of markers currently in development that can stratify grades of dysplasia in mucinous pancreatic cysts and improve clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Sheik
- Research and Technology Department, Amplified Sciences, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kaleb Byers
- Research and Technology Department, Amplified Sciences, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mini Thomas
- Research and Technology Department, Amplified Sciences, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Kelli Ifuku
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Kirkwood
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Al-Haddad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - V. Jo Davisson
- Research and Technology Department, Amplified Sciences, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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17
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Ferencakova M, Benova A, Raska I, Abaffy P, Sindelka R, Dzubanova M, Pospisilova E, Kolostova K, Cajka T, Paclik A, Zikan V, Tencerova M. Human bone marrow stromal cells: the impact of anticoagulants on stem cell properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1255823. [PMID: 37791077 PMCID: PMC10544901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1255823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are the source of multipotent stem cells, which are important for regenerative medicine and diagnostic purposes. The isolation of human BMSCs from the bone marrow (BM) cavity using BM aspiration applies the method with collection into tubes containing anticoagulants. Interactions with anticoagulants may affect the characteristics and composition of isolated BMSCs in the culture. Thus, we investigated how anticoagulants in isolation procedures and cultivation affect BMSC molecular characteristics. Methods: BM donors (age: 48-85 years) were recruited from the hematology clinic. BM aspirates were obtained from the iliac crest and divided into tubes coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin anticoagulants. Isolated BMSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis. Further cellular and molecular characterizations of BMSCs including CFU, proliferation and differentiation assays, cytometry, bioenergetic assays, metabolomics, immunostaining, and RT-qPCR were performed. Results: The paired samples of isolated BMSCs obtained from the same patient showed increased cellular yield in heparin vs. EDTA samples, accompanied by the increased number of CFU colonies. However, no significant changes in molecular characteristics were found between heparin- and EDTA-isolated BMSCs. On the other hand, RNA-seq analysis revealed an increased expression of genes involved in nucleotide metabolism and cellular metabolism in cultivated vs. non-cultivated BMSCs regardless of the anticoagulant, while genes involved in inflammation and chromatin remodeling were decreased in cultivated vs. non-cultivated BMSCs. Conclusion: The type of anticoagulant in BMSC isolation did not have a significant impact on molecular characteristics and cellular composition, while in vitro cultivation caused the major change in the transcriptomics of BMSCs, which is important for future protocols using BMSCs in regenerative medicine and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Ferencakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Benova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivan Raska
- Third Department of Medicine-Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Radek Sindelka
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Martina Dzubanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliska Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Paclik
- First Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vit Zikan
- Third Department of Medicine-Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Killilea DW, Schultz K. Pre-analytical variables influence zinc measurement in blood samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286073. [PMID: 37713369 PMCID: PMC10503700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency continues to be a major concern for global public health. The zinc status of a target population is typically estimated by measuring circulating zinc levels, but the sampling procedures are not standardized and thus may result in analytical discrepancies. To examine this, we designed a study that controlled most of the technical parameters in order to focus on five pre-analytical variables reported to influence the measurement of zinc in blood samples, including (1) blood draw site (capillary or venous), (2) blood sample matrix (plasma or serum), (3) blood collection tube manufacturer (Becton, Dickinson and Company or Sarstedt AG & Co), (4) blood processing time (0, 4, or 24 hours), and (5) blood holding temperatures (4°C, 20°C, or 37°C). A diverse cohort of 60 healthy adults were recruited to provide sequential capillary and venous blood samples, which were carefully processed under a single chain of custody and measured for zinc content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. When comparing blood draw sites, the mean zinc content of capillary samples was 0.054 mg/L (8%; p<0.0001) higher than venous blood from the same donors. When comparing blood sample matrices, the mean zinc content of serum samples was 0.029 mg/L (5%; p<0.0001) higher than plasma samples from the same donors. When comparing blood collection tube manufacturer, the mean zinc content from venous blood samples did not differ between venders, but the mean zinc content from BD capillary plasma was 0.036 mg/L (6%; p<0.0001) higher than Sarstedt capillary plasma from the same donors. When comparing processing times, the mean zinc content of plasma and serum samples was 5-12% higher (p<0.0001) in samples processed 4-24 hour after collection. When comparing holding temperatures, the mean zinc content of plasma and serum samples was 0.5-7% higher (p = 0.0007 or p = 0.0061, respectively) in samples temporarily held at 20°C or 37°C after collection. Thus even with the same donors and blood draws, significant differences in zinc content were observed with different draw sites, tube types, and processing procedures, demonstrating that key pre-analytic variables can have an impact on zinc measurement, and subsequent classification of zinc status. Minimizing these pre-analytical variables is important for generating best practice guidelines for assessment of zinc status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Killilea
- Office of Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Schultz
- Office of Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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19
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Maurer J, Grouzmann E, Eugster PJ. Tutorial review for peptide assays: An ounce of pre-analytics is worth a pound of cure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123904. [PMID: 37832388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in peptidomimetic-based medications and the growing interest in peptide hormones has brought new attention to the quantification of peptides for diagnostic purposes. Indeed, the circulating concentrations of peptide hormones in the blood provide a snapshot of the state of the body and could eventually lead to detecting a particular health condition. Although extremely useful, the quantification of such molecules, preferably by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, might be quite tricky. First, peptides are subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, and other post-translational modifications, and, most importantly, they are substrates of specific and nonspecific proteases in biological matrixes. All these events might continue after sampling, changing the peptide hormone concentrations. Second, because they include positively and negatively charged groups and hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, they interact with their environment; these interactions might lead to a local change in the measured concentrations. A phenomenon such as nonspecific adsorption to lab glassware or materials has often a tremendous effect on the concentration and needs to be controlled with particular care. Finally, the circulating levels of peptides might be low (pico- or femtomolar range), increasing the impact of the aforementioned effects and inducing the need for highly sensitive instruments and well-optimized methods. Thus, despite the extreme diversity of these peptides and their matrixes, there is a common challenge for all the assays: the need to keep concentrations unchanged from sampling to analysis. While significant efforts are often placed on optimizing the analysis, few studies consider in depth the impact of pre-analytical steps on the results. By working through practical examples, this solution-oriented tutorial review addresses typical pre-analytical challenges encountered during the development of a peptide assay from the standpoint of a clinical laboratory. We provide tips and tricks to avoid pitfalls as well as strategies to guide all new developments. Our ultimate goal is to increase pre-analytical awareness to ensure that newly developed peptide assays produce robust and accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maurer
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Michalska-Falkowska A, Niklinski J, Juhl H, Sulewska A, Kisluk J, Charkiewicz R, Ciborowski M, Ramlau R, Gryczka R, Piwkowski C, Kozlowski M, Miskiewicz B, Biecek P, Wnorowska K, Dzieciol-Anikiej Z, Sargsyan K, Naumnik W, Mroz R, Reszec-Gielazyn J. Applied Molecular-Based Quality Control of Biobanked Samples for Multi-Omics Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3742. [PMID: 37509403 PMCID: PMC10378006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks are vital for high-throughput translational research, but the rapid development of novel molecular techniques, especially in omics assays, poses challenges to traditional practices and recommendations. In our study, we used biospecimens from oncological patients in Polish clinics and collaborated with the Indivumed Group. For serum/plasma samples, we monitored hemolysis, controlled RNA extraction, assessed cDNA library quality and quantity, and verified NGS raw data. Tissue samples underwent pathologic evaluation to confirm histology and determine tumor content. Molecular quality control measures included evaluating the RNA integrity number, assessing cDNA library quality and quantity, and analyzing NGS raw data. Our study yielded the creation of distinct workflows for conducting preanalytical quality control of serum/plasma and fresh-frozen tissue samples. These workflows offer customization options to suit the capabilities of different biobanking entities. In order to ensure the appropriateness of biospecimens for advanced research applications, we introduced molecular-based quality control methods that align with the demands of high-throughput assays. The novelty of proposed workflows, rooted in innovative molecular techniques, lies in the integration of these QC methods into a comprehensive schema specifically designed for high-throughput research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalska-Falkowska
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Indivumed Services, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anetta Sulewska
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Charkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-369 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rodryg Ramlau
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Gryczka
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Cezary Piwkowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kozlowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Borys Miskiewicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Paediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Jedrzej Sniadecki Independent Public Healthcare Centre Regional Hospital, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zofia Dzieciol-Anikiej
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- International Biobanking and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Cancer Biobank at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wojciech Naumnik
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Mroz
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszec-Gielazyn
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Zou H, Liu M, Li Y, Zhao F, Ren G. An efficient LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four substances in the Hcy metabolism pathway. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:727-737. [PMID: 37354095 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate an efficient LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of Hcy, Cys, Met and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human serum and to apply this method to patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology and results: Serum samples were prepared by reduction with dithiothreitol followed by protein precipitation. The analytical run time was 2.2 min. The linearity was good in the range of 2-100 μmol/l-1 for Hcy and Met, 10-500 μmol/l-1 for Cys, and 1-50 ng/ml-1 for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Conclusion: An accurate and precise method that was rapid, robust and with high-throughput for the routine clinical monitoring of patients with coronary artery disease was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Zou
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Guocheng Ren
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
- Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, 122000, China
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22
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Loh TP, Tan RZ, Sethi SK, Lim CY, Markus C. Delta checks. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 115:175-203. [PMID: 37673520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Delta check is an electronic error detection tool. It compares the difference in sequential results within a patient against a predefined limit, and when exceeded, the delta check rule is considered triggered. The patient results should be withheld for review and troubleshooting before releasing to the clinical team for patient management. Delta check was initially developed as a tool to detect wrong-blood-in-tube (sample misidentification) errors. It is now applied to detect errors more broadly within the total testing process. Recent advancements in the theoretical understanding of delta check has allowed for more precise application of this tool to achieve the desired clinical performance and operational set up. In this Chapter, we review the different pre-implementation considerations, the foundation concepts of delta check, the process of setting up key delta check parameters, performance verification and troubleshooting of a delta check flag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Rui Zhen Tan
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chun Yee Lim
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Corey Markus
- Flinders University International Centre for Point-of-Care Testing, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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23
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Demartini C, Francavilla M, Zanaboni AM, Facchetti S, De Icco R, Martinelli D, Allena M, Greco R, Tassorelli C. Biomarkers of Migraine: An Integrated Evaluation of Preclinical and Clinical Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065334. [PMID: 36982428 PMCID: PMC10049673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers useful in migraine diagnosis and progression or associated with the response to a specific treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the alleged diagnostic and therapeutic migraine biomarkers found in biofluids and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We included the most informative data from clinical or preclinical studies, with a particular emphasis on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cytokines, endocannabinoids, and other biomolecules, the majority of which are related to the inflammatory aspects and mechanisms of migraine, as well as other actors that play a role in the disease. The potential issues affecting biomarker analysis are also discussed, such as how to deal with bias and confounding data. CGRP and other biological factors associated with the trigeminovascular system may offer intriguing and novel precision medicine opportunities, although the biological stability of the samples used, as well as the effects of the confounding role of age, gender, diet, and metabolic factors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Demartini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Miriam Francavilla
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Facchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto De Icco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Martinelli
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Allena
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0382)-380255
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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24
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Allen SL, Elliott BT, Carson BP, Breen L. Improving physiological relevance of cell culture: the possibilities, considerations, and future directions of the ex vivo coculture model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C420-C427. [PMID: 36571441 PMCID: PMC9902212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00473.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models provide an important platform for the investigation of cellular growth and atrophy to inform, or extend mechanistic insights from, logistically challenging in vivo trials. Although these models allow for the identification of candidate mechanistic pathways, many models involve supraphysiological dosages, nonphysiological conditions, or experimental changes relating to individual proteins or receptors, all of which limit translation to human trials. To overcome these drawbacks, the use of ex vivo human plasma and serum has been used in cellular models to investigate changes in myotube hypertrophy, cellular protein synthesis, anabolic and catabolic markers in response to differing age, disease states, and nutrient status. However, there are currently no concurrent guidelines outlining the optimal methodology for this model. This review discusses the key methodological considerations surrounding the use of ex vivo plasma and serum with a focus in application to skeletal muscle cell lines (i.e., C2C12, L6, and LHCN-M2) and human primary skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs) as a means to investigate molecular signaling in models of atrophy and hypertrophy, alongside future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Allen
- 1School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,2NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley T. Elliott
- 3Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian P. Carson
- 4Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,5Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Leigh Breen
- 1School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,2NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,6MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Saharia GK, Nayak S, Mangaraj M. Effect of various blood collection tubes on serum lithium and other electrolytes: our perspective from a tertiary healthcare institute. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:e38-e41. [PMID: 36321259 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurav Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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26
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Arbouche N, Macoin E, Raul JS, Kintz P. Influence of Preservatives on Insulin in Postmortem Blood: Application to a Case of Insulin Aspart Suicide. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 46:e300-e306. [PMID: 36472350 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®, NovoMix®, Novolog® and Fiasp®) is a fast-acting analog of human insulin, indicated in the treatment of type I and II diabetes. It is administered before meals to mimic the physiological insulin secretion that follows a rise in blood glucose. Its misuse for the purposes of suicide and murder and in the context of factitious order has often been described. In forensic medicine, the identification of insulin in biological samples has always been complex. In this paper, we present a case of suicide of a 64-year-old man who died after the injection of insulin aspart. He was suffering from terminal lung cancer and left a letter explaining the reasons for his suicide. Four empty NovoRapid® pens were found near the body. Body examination was unremarkable, and the femoral blood was collected in two dry Vacutainer™ tubes (red cap) and two sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes (gray cap). A liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to identify and discriminate insulin aspart from human insulin after immunopurification in the blood samples and in the pens. Blood specimens tested positive for insulin aspart with the concentrations of 36 and 37 ng/mL in dry tubes and 58 and 71 ng/mL in tubes containing NaF when tested ∼3 weeks after the collection of the specimens. The contents of the pens also matched with insulin aspart. The stability of insulin in blood is a critical point in the interpretation of the concentrations due to their rapid decrease caused by the activity of proteases in blood. During a degradation study implemented to compare three preservatives and dry tubes, suitable insulin aspart stability was observed with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid and NaF. Given that NaF is standard in forensic toxicology for measuring blood alcohol concentrations, the authors suggest its use for blood collection when insulin intoxication is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arbouche
- Institut de Médecine Légale, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Macoin
- Institut de Médecine Légale, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Pascal Kintz
- Institut de Médecine Légale, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg, France.,X-Pertise Consulting, 42 Rue Principale, Mittelhausbergen 67206, France
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27
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Chen JY, Chen GY, Ong HN, Lai ML, Ho YJ, Kuo CH, Weng TI. Defective determination of synthetic cathinones in blood for forensic investigation. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:122-129. [PMID: 36502922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antemortem specimens are sometimes the sole sources available for forensic investigation, and samples collected in nonideal ways are inevitably employed to achieve toxicological analysis. It is essential to assess the effects of blood collection tubes on the recoveries of emerging synthetic cathinones (SC) to estimate actual drug concentrations, and no such systematic investigations have been previously carried out. Seventy-one SC with various LogP values were employed to examine commonly used blood collection tubes, including plasma tubes, serum tubes and gel-containing tubes in recoveries which determined by a reliable LC-MS/MS method. Significantly poor recoveries for hydrophobic SC were obtained using serum separating tubes (SST). Notably, the suppressed recoveries in SST can be reversed by adding anticoagulants. Adding a procoagulant to a plasma separating tube (PST) considerably reduced recoveries, which indicated that clotting processes in the presence of polymeric gels contributed to poor recoveries of these hydrophobic drugs. In this study, we find that clotting formation in the presence of polymeric gels could significantly affect the determination of hydrophobic drugs. However, in real-world scenarios, nonideal collection methods are inevitably employed for antemortem specimens. Thus, it is important to rigorously interpret forensic toxicological results, especially for susceptible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yu Chen
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hooi-Nee Ong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Lai
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Weng
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
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28
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Gros N, Klobučar T, Gaber K. Accuracy of Citrate Anticoagulant Amount, Volume, and Concentration in Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes Evaluated with UV Molecular Absorption Spectrometry on a Purified Water Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020486. [PMID: 36677544 PMCID: PMC9860671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate anticoagulant concentration affects the results of coagulation tests. Until now, the end user had no direct insight into the quality of evacuated blood collection tubes. By introducing an easy-to-perform UV spectrometric method for citrate determination on a purified water model, we enabled the evaluation of (1) the accuracy of the anticoagulant amount added into the tubes by a producer, (2) the accuracy of the volume of anticoagulant solution in the tube at the instant of examination, (3) the anticoagulant concentrations at a draw volume. We examined the Vacuette®, Greiner BIO-ONE, Vacutube, LT Burnik d.o.o., and BD Vacutainer® tubes. The anticoagulant amount added into the tubes during production had a relative bias between 3.2 and 23.0%. The anticoagulant volume deficiency at the instant of examination expressed as a relative bias ranged between -11.6 and -91.1%. The anticoagulant concentration relative bias after the addition of purified water in a volume that equalled a nominal draw volume extended from 9.3 to 25.7%. Draw-volume was mostly compliant during shelf life. Only Vacutube lost water over time. Contamination with potassium, magnesium, or both was observed in all the tubes but did not exceed a 0.21 mmol/L level. This study enables medical laboratories to gain insight into the characteristics of the citrate blood collection tubes as one of the preanalytical variables. In situations that require anticoagulant adjustment for accurate results, this can help make the right decisions. The methodology gives producers additional means of controlling the quality of their production process.
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29
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Zhao KN, Masci P, Dimeski G, Johnson L, Grant M, de Jersey J, Lavin MF. Potential Application of Recombinant Snake Prothrombin Activator Ecarin in Blood Diagnostics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1704. [PMID: 36421717 PMCID: PMC9687618 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the purification and cloning of a codon-optimized form of the snake prothrombin activator ecarin from the saw scaled viper (Echis carinatus) expressed in mammalian cells. Expression of recombinant ecarin (rEcarin) was carried out in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) cells under conditions for the development and performance of a novel and scalable recombinant snake ecarin to industry standards. Clotting performance of the rEcarin was established in recalcified citrated whole blood, plasma, and fresh whole blood and found to be comparable to native ecarin (N-Ecarin). Furthermore, hemolysis was observed with N-Ecarin at relatively high doses in both recalcified citrated and fresh whole blood, while clotting was not observed with rEcarin, providing an important advantage for the recombinant form. In addition, rEcarin effectively clotted both recalcified citrated whole blood and fresh whole blood containing different anticoagulants including heparin, warfarin, dabigatran, Fondaparinux, rivaroxaban and apixaban, forming firm clots in the blood collection tubes. These results demonstrate that rEcarin efficiently clots normal blood as well as blood spiked with high concentrations of anticoagulants and has great potential as an additive to blood collection tubes to produce high quality serum for analyte analysis in diagnostic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research-Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Masci
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research-Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lambro Johnson
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Grant
- Q-Sera Pty Ltd., Level 9, 31 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - John de Jersey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F. Lavin
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, RBWH Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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30
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Loh TP, Cooke BR, Markus C, Zakaria R, Tran MTC, Ho CS, Greaves RF. Method evaluation in the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 61:751-758. [PMID: 36327459 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Method evaluation is one of the critical components of the quality system that ensures the ongoing quality of a clinical laboratory. As part of implementing new methods or reviewing best practices, the peer-reviewed published literature is often searched for guidance. From the outset, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) has a rich history of publishing methods relevant to clinical laboratory medicine. An insight into submissions, from editors' and reviewers' experiences, shows that authors still struggle with method evaluation, particularly the appropriate requirements for validation in clinical laboratory medicine. Here, we consider through a series of discussion points an overview of the status, challenges, and needs of method evaluation from the perspective of clinical laboratory medicine. We identify six key high-level aspects of clinical laboratory method evaluation that potentially lead to inconsistency. 1. Standardisation of terminology, 2. Selection of analytical performance specifications, 3. Experimental design of method evaluation, 4. Sample requirements of method evaluation, 5. Statistical assessment and interpretation of method evaluation data, and 6. Reporting of method evaluation data. Each of these areas requires considerable work to harmonise the practice of method evaluation in laboratory medicine, including more empirical studies to be incorporated into guidance documents that are relevant to clinical laboratories and are freely and widely available. To further close the loop, educational activities and fostering professional collaborations are essential to promote and improve the practice of method evaluation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian R Cooke
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Corey Markus
- Flinders University International Centre for Point-of-Care Testing, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rosita Zakaria
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mai Thi Chi Tran
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Jamieson EL, Dimeski G, Flatman R, Hickman PE, Ross Dallas Jones G, V Marley J, David McIntyre H, McNeil AR, Nolan CJ, Potter JM, Sweeting A, Ward P, Williams P, Rita Horvath A. Oral glucose tolerance test to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus: Impact of variations in specimen handling. Clin Biochem 2022; 115:33-48. [PMID: 36244469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To improve birth outcomes, all pregnant women without known diabetes are recommended for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to screen for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (diabetes in pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)). This narrative review presents contemporary approaches to minimise preanalytical glycolysis in OGTT samples with a focus on GDM diagnosis using criteria derived from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study. The challenges of implementing each approach across a diverse Australian healthcare setting were explored. Many Australian sites currently collect and transport OGTT samples at ambient temperature in sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes which is likely to lead to missed diagnosis of GDM in a significant proportion of cases. Alternative preanalytical solutions should be pragmatic and tailored to individual settings and as close as possible to the preanalytical conditions of the HAPO study for correct interpretation of OGTT results. Rapid centrifugation of barrier tubes to separate plasma could be suitable in urban settings provided time to centrifugation is strictly controlled. Tubes containing NaF and citrate could be useful for remote or resource poor settings with long delays to analysis but the impact on the interpretation of OGTT results should be carefully considered. Testing venous blood glucose at the point-of-care bypasses the need for glycolytic inhibition but requires careful selection of devices with robust analytical performance. Studies to evaluate the potential error of each solution compared to the HAPO protocol are required to assess the magnitude of misdiagnosis and inform clinicians regarding the potential impact on patient safety and healthcare costs.
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32
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Evaluation of Serum and Rapid Serum Separator Collection Tubes for Therapeutic Drug Assays. Clin Biochem 2022; 115:81-85. [PMID: 36027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate specimen collection and storage is essential to preserve sample integrity and ensure accurate test results. The default collection containers for blood drug concentrations are tubes without gel separators to avoid possible drug adsorption. However, routine chemistry tests are generally collected in gel separator tubes due to their convenient transport and processing; collection of an additional gel-free tube is often required for drug measurements. Citrated whole blood was pooled, spiked with drug, and transferred to three tubes (red, SST gold, RST orange) containing calcium chloride. Blood was allowed to clot, centrifuged and stored at ambient temperature (24 h) or refrigerated (7 days). At defined times, serum drug concentrations were determined (Roche cobas c502). Based on these results, specimen collection requirements were updated to allow serum separator tubes for 17 assays. Of the 21 assays evaluated, 18 displayed acceptable stability in both gel-containing tubes (acetaminophen, amikacin, carbamazepine, digoxin, ethanol, gentamicin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lithium, methotrexate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, salicylate, theophylline, tobramycin, valproic acid, vancomycin, voriconazole). Three drugs displayed strong decreases in measured concentrations after storage in one or both gel-containing tubes (total tricyclics, lidocaine, and free phenytoin). Following adoption of gel-containing tubes, 94% of the five most frequently ordered drug monitoring tests in the Emergency Department were collected in serum separator tubes. Evaluation of the stability and accuracy of commonly monitored drugs revealed that the majority were not affected by exposure to gel separator material under conditions similar to outpatient clinic storage, courier transport and laboratory storage. Expanding the collection requirements for appropriate drugs to include gel separator tubes decreases the number of specimens drawn and the complexity of laboratory workflows.
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33
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Gomri F, Vischer S, Turzi A, Berndt S. Swiss Medical Devices for Autologous Regenerative Medicine: From Innovation to Clinical Validation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081617. [PMID: 36015243 PMCID: PMC9413293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, based on the use of autologous tissues and embryonic, stem or differentiated cells, is gaining growing interest. However, their preparation, in a manner compliant with good practices and health regulations, is a technical challenge. The aim of this manuscript is to present the design of reliable CE marked medical devices for the preparation of standardized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other autologous biologics intended for therapeutic uses. There are numerous PRP isolation processes. Depending on the methodology used, PRP composition varies greatly in terms of platelet concentration, platelet quality, and level of contamination with red and white blood cells. This variability in PRP composition might affect the clinical outcomes. The devices presented here are based on a specific technology, patented all over the world, that allows the precise separation of blood components as a function of their density using thixotropic separator gels in closed systems. This allows the preparation, in an automated manner, of leukocyte poor PRP with a standardized composition. Production of different forms of PRP is a clinical asset to suit various therapeutic needs. Therefore, we are offering solutions to prepare PRP either in liquid or gel form, and PRP combined with hyaluronic acid. These biologics have been successfully used in many different therapeutic domains, resulting in more than 150 published clinical studies. We also developed the CuteCell technology platform for cell culture expansion for further autologous cell therapies. This technology enables the safe and rapid in vitro expansion of cells intended for therapeutic use in good manufacturing practices (GMP) and autologous conditions, using blood-derived products as culture media supplementation. We summarize in this article our 20 years’ experience of research and development for the design of PRP devices and, more recently, for PRP combined with hyaluronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Gomri
- Regen Lab SA, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.G.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Solange Vischer
- Regen Lab SA, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.G.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Antoine Turzi
- Regen Lab SA, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.G.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Regen Lab SA, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.G.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Platelet-Rich Plasma as an Alternative to Xenogeneic Sera in Cell-Based Therapies: A Need for Standardization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126552. [PMID: 35742995 PMCID: PMC9223511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion in scientific interest in using human-platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a substitute of xenogeneic sera in cell-based therapies. However, there is a need to create standardization in this field. This systematic review is based on literature searches in PubMed and Web of Science databases until June 2021. Forty-one studies completed the selection criteria. The composition of PRP was completely reported in less than 30% of the studies. PRP has been used as PRP-derived supernatant or non-activated PRP. Two ranges could be identified for platelet concentration, the first between 0.14 × 106 and 0.80 × 106 platelets/µL and the second between 1.086 × 106 and 10 × 106 platelets/µL. Several studies have pooled PRP with a pool size varying from four to nine donors. The optimal dose for the PRP or PRP supernatant is 10%. PRP or PRP-derived supernatants a have positive effect on MSC colony number and size, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and genetic stability. The use of leukocyte-depleted PRP has been demonstrated to be a feasible alternative to xenogeneic sera. However, there is a need to improve the description of the PRP preparation methodology as well as its composition. Several items are identified and reported to create guidelines for future research.
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Fecteau KA, Giori L, Cushing A, Price JM, Zhu X. Comparison of steroid and thyroid hormone concentrations in blood serum and plasma of captive tigers. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:547-551. [PMID: 35404190 PMCID: PMC9254055 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221090538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of steroid and thyroid hormones is often performed in blood serum. Occasionally though, plasma samples are submitted in lieu of serum for exotic species such as tigers. However, blood tube anticoagulants may affect hormone values. We compared serum and heparin plasma results for 7 hormones in tigers. Serum and plasma samples were collected from 25 tigers and analyzed for progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, and thyroxine. Using Lin concordance correlation, serum and heparin plasma measures agreed for all hormones except cortisol. However, Passing–Bablok regression only found agreement between serum and heparin plasma measures for androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol. Median values between the 2 sample types were significantly ( p < 0.05) different for progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, and thyroxine. Our results suggest that, for the aforementioned hormones, serum and heparin plasma values may not always be comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A. Fecteau
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Luca Giori
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Cushing
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua M. Price
- College of Veterinary Medicine, and Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, and Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Bastin A, Fooladi S, Doustimotlagh AH, Vakili S, Aminizadeh AH, Faramarz S, Shiri H, Nematollahi MH. A comparative study on the effect of blood collection tubes on stress oxidative markers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266567. [PMID: 35385561 PMCID: PMC8985951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a major role in disease pathogenesis. However, limited studies have investigated the effect of various sample collection tubes on oxidative biomarkers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different collection tubes on the variation of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total thiol (t-SH), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels. A total of 35 individuals participated in this study and each collected sample was separated into three different tubes: glass tubes (GTs), plain plastic tubes (PTs), and gel separator tubes (GSTs). The results of PTs and GSTs were compared to those of GTs as the reference tube. The comparison between the means of biomarkers in various tubes indicated that there was no significant difference in MDA results between tubes. In contrast, t-SH and NO content were significantly decreased in GSTs and PTs compared to GTs. However, the Bland-Altman analysis showed an acceptable concordance for the mentioned analytes and the statistically significant differences were not clinically significant for NO, MDA, and t-SH antioxidant parameters. Moreover, the FRAP level was considerably lower in GSTs compared to GTs. Nevertheless, the Bland-Altman analysis showed a high bias percentage for the FRAP assay when using PTs and GSTs. According to the present results, it can be concluded that switching to plastic blood collection tubes or serum separation tubes could influence the FRAP results. However, there was no interference for the interpretation of other antioxidant assays in different types of collection tubes. Hence, it is suggested to use GTs for total antioxidant capacity evaluations, especially the FRAP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bastin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saba Fooladi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shiri
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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Jędrzejewska A, Kutryb-Zając B, Król O, Harasim G, Frańczak M, Jabłońska P, Słomińska E, Smoleński RT. The decreased serum activity of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase IA as a potential marker of breast cancer-associated muscle inflammation. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:273-284. [PMID: 34814800 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.2007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) plays a central role in the regulation of the purine nucleotide pool in skeletal muscle, preferentially converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. cN-IA can act as an autoantigen in muscle diseases, including the paraneoplastic syndrome related to breast cancer (BC). As a result of myocyte damage, released cN-IA protein may trigger the production of anti-cN-IA antibodies (anti-NT5C1A). This work aimed to develop an effective method to measure cN-IA activity in the serum and analyze it in BC patients. Our study demonstrated that serum cN-IA activity was decreased in BC patients and we assumed it is due to the presence of specific autoantibodies. We found correlations between cN-IA activity and parameters of inflammatory muscle damage. Thus, cN-IA is worth further attention to clarify its usefulness as a biomarker of BC-associated polymyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Oliwia Król
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Harasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Patrycja Jabłońska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hirsch AL, Fletcher JM, Mitchell MA. Effects of EDTA on chemiluminescent immunoassay measurement of ACTH, cortisol, and thyroid hormones in dogs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 79:106707. [PMID: 35016023 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
When measuring blood hormones, pre-analytical sample handling can impact the quality of the results. Previous studies have shown improved stability of canine cortisol in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma compared to serum and interchangeability of serum and plasma when cortisol is measured by radioimmunoassay. Additionally, cortisol samples were also interchangeable when measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay if the EDTA concentration was consistent with that of optimally filled tubes, whereas excess EDTA interfered with the measurement of cortisol and serum and EDTA plasma were not interchangeable when measuring total thyroxine (TT4). The main limitation of these studies was that they were performed by spiking pooled serum samples with EDTA or in previously collected blood samples submitted to a clinical pathology laboratory. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA on the measurement of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, TT4, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy dogs using the Siemens IMMULITE 1000. Whole blood from forty dogs was aliquoted into three Monoject sample tubes: no additive, completely filled EDTA tube, and 50% filled EDTA tube. Handling and storage conditions were identical, and all samples were analyzed on the same day. Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to assess agreement and risks for error, respectively. Proportional errors were found between serum and plasma samples for ACTH, cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH; systematic errors were also found for FT4. There was poor agreement and clinically significant differences between the measured concentrations of all hormones in serum and plasma, proving that these sample types are not interchangeable. Incompletely filled EDTA tubes were associated with significantly lower ACTH concentrations compared to completely filled EDTA tubes. When measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays that utilize alkaline phosphatase at the reporter enzyme, serum should be used for cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH, while plasma from completely filled EDTA tubes should be used for ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hirsch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - J M Fletcher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA; Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | - M A Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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Sotirchos ES, Fitzgerald KC, Smith MD, Vasileiou ES, Resto Y, Lord HN, Mowry EM, Calabresi PA. Type of serum collection tube does not impact neurofilament light chain levels. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103676. [PMID: 35158190 PMCID: PMC9249133 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been reported to be a promising biomarker of neurological disease. NfL is predominantly measured in serum (sNfL), but there is a lack of reports regarding the effects of collection tubes on sNfL levels. We assessed sNfL levels using a novel immunoassay in 18 participants using 3 different types of serum collection tubes (no additive, with silica clot activator, and serum separator tubes). Variation observed in sNfL levels between samples from different collection tubes was similar to that observed in duplicate runs from the same tube. These findings support a lack of effect of type of serum collection tube on sNfL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena S. Vasileiou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasmin Resto
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah-Noelle Lord
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ellen M. Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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PLASMA SEPARATOR TUBES DO NOT HAVE ANY OVERT EFFECTS ON ROUTINE PLASMA CHEMISTRY DATA OF GREEN SEA TURTLES ( CHELONIA MYDAS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 52:1241-1246. [PMID: 34998295 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma separator tubes (PSTs) are a variant of lithium heparin blood tube containing a polymer gel, which, when centrifuged, creates a physical barrier between plasma and blood cells. Their use is common in laboratory procedures of reptilian species. This study aimed to determine whether the use of plasma separator tubes impacts plasma biochemistry data in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) at time of collection and after 24 hr of contact time with the separator gel after centrifugation at refrigerator temperature. A single blood sample was collected from 42 rehabilitating green sea turtles at the Sea Turtle Healing Center, Brevard Zoo, Melbourne, Florida, USA and divided into one lithium heparin tube [LHT (0 hr)] and two PSTs. After immediate centrifugation of all three tubes, plasma was transferred from the LHT (0 hr) and one PST (0 hr) into tubes without additive. The plasma was left in contact with the separator gel in the second PST (24 hr). After 24 hr of refrigeration, all three plasma aliquots were analyzed for the following 23 analytes: sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, total protein, albumin, globulin (calculated), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol. No statistically significant differences were found for any biochemical analytes between LHT (0 hr), PST (0 hr), and PST (24 hr). The use of PST does not appear to impact routine plasma biochemical analytes in green sea turtles and analytes appear stable in refrigerated plasma for up to 24 hr after centrifugation when using PSTs.
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Handling unstable analytes: literature review and expert panel survey by Japan Bioanalysis Forum Discussion Group. Bioanalysis 2021; 14:169-185. [PMID: 34894755 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing unstable small molecule drugs and metabolites in blood continues to be challenging for bioanalysis. Although scientific countermeasures such as immediate cooling, immediate freezing, addition of enzyme inhibitors, pH adjustment, dried blood spot or derivatization have been developed, selecting the best practices has become an issue in the pharmaceutical industry as the number of drugs with such problems is increasing, even for generic drugs. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and a questionnaire survey to determine a suitable practice for evaluating instability and implementing countermeasures. Three areas of focus, matrix selection, effect of hemolysis and selection of esterase inhibitors, are discussed.
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Chang KH, Liu KC, Lai CS, Yang SY, Chen CM. Assessing Plasma Levels of α-Synuclein and Neurofilament Light Chain by Different Blood Preparation Methods. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:759182. [PMID: 34858161 PMCID: PMC8630588 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.759182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease are α-synuclein and neurofilament light chain (NFL). However, inconsistent preanalytical preparation of plasma could lead to variations in levels of these biomarkers. Different types of potassium salts of EDTA and different centrifugation temperatures during plasma preparation may affect the results of α-synuclein and NFL measurements. In this study, we prepared plasma from eight patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and seven healthy controls (HCs) by using di- and tri-potassium (K2- and K3-) EDTA tubes and recruited a separated cohort with 42 PD patients and 40 HCs for plasma samples prepared from whole blood by centrifugation at room temperature and 4°C, respectively, in K2-EDTA tubes. The plasma levels of α-synuclein and NFL in K2- and K3-EDTA were similar. However, the levels of α-synuclein in the plasma prepared at 4°C (101.57 ± 43.43 fg/ml) were significantly lower compared with those at room temperature (181.23 ± 196.31 fg/ml, P < 0.001). Room temperature preparation demonstrated elevated plasma levels of α-synuclein in PD patients (256.6 ± 50.2 fg/ml) compared with the HCs (102.1 ± 0.66 fg/ml, P < 0.001), whereas this increase in PD was not present by preparation at 4°C. Both plasma preparations at room temperature and 4°C demonstrated consistent results of NFL, which are increased in PD patients compared with HCs. Our findings confirmed that K2- and K3-EDTA tubes were interchangeable for analyzing plasma levels of α-synuclein and NFL. Centrifugation at 4°C during plasma preparation generates considerable reduction and variation of α-synuclein level that might hinder the detection of α-synuclein level changes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Chen Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Resealed erythrocytes: Towards a novel approach for anticancer therapy. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park J, Bae T, Cho Y, Kim D, Lee J. Analytical Performance of the Sysmex HISCL HBsAg Assay and Comparison with the Roche Elecsys HBsAg II Quant Assay in the Quantification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121307. [PMID: 34946252 PMCID: PMC8705794 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to estimate the analytical performance of the Sysmex HISCL HBsAg assay and to assess the analytical correlation with the Roche Elecsys HBsAg II quant assay with clinical samples and the WHO International Standard (IS). Materials and Methods: The intra-assay precision, linearity, assay limitation, accuracy, and comparative evaluation of the HISCL HBsAg assay were estimated. Results: Extrapolating from the plot of the average total allowable error versus the reference value, an accuracy goal of 20% would be achieved around a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 0.014867 IU/mL. The percentage of biases for each level of the WHO IS measured by the two assays were less than 15%, except for the WHO 3rd IS, for which the HISCL HBsAg assay achieved a percentage of bias of 33%. In the comparative evaluation, Passing–Bablok regression analysis did not reveal any significant deviation from linearity between the two assays (y = −48.6998 + 1.9206x; p = 0.79 by the CUSUM test for linearity). The mean difference of the quantitative HBsAg level between the two assays was 1762.5 IU/mL in the Bland–Altman plot. Conclusions: The HISCL HBsAg assay, with a highly sensitive LoQ of 0.03 IU/mL, showed similar analytical performance in HBsAg quantification to the Elecsys HBsAg II quant assay and may be helpful in obtaining better diagnoses and therapeutic strategies for treating HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (J.P.); (T.B.); (Y.C.); (D.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Taewon Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (J.P.); (T.B.); (Y.C.); (D.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yonggon Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (J.P.); (T.B.); (Y.C.); (D.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Dalsik Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (J.P.); (T.B.); (Y.C.); (D.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (J.P.); (T.B.); (Y.C.); (D.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-2693
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Jordan A, Sherazi A, Stevens A, Quondam Franks C, Sturgeon K, Northrup V, Shea JL. Evaluation of BD Barricor™ and PST™ blood collection tubes compared to serum for testing 11 therapeutic drugs on a Roche Cobas® 8000 platform. Clin Biochem 2021; 100:60-66. [PMID: 34788637 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The type of blood collection tube used when obtaining samples for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has important implications on the accuracy of results. Serum tubes without a gel separator are currently considered best practice. We sought to evaluate the performance of Barricor™, a novel plasma tube that utilizes an inert mechanical separator, as well as a gel-based tube (PST™) for testing acetaminophen, digoxin, gentamicin, methotrexate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, salicylate, vancomycin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and theophylline on a Roche Cobas® 8000 platform. METHODS Paired patient samples were collected from individuals taking at least one of the medications evaluated. These were supplemented with spiked specimens to ensure a minimum of 40 paired samples per drug. All drugs were measured within two hours of collection on Roche e602 or c502 instruments. Deming regression was used to assess bias between Barricor™ vs serum and PST™ vs serum. Seven-day refrigerated stability was also assessed in Barricor™, PST™, and serum tubes in a subset of samples (n = 10) for each drug. RESULTS Drug concentrations in Barricor™ were similar to serum for each drug assessed. In contrast, a negative bias was observed in PST™ compared to serum tubes for carbamazepine (-7.6%) and phenytoin (-6.8%) although this did not surpass our total allowable error goal of 10%. All drugs recovered within ±10% of baseline value when samples were stored refrigerated for 7 days except for carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital where significant analyte loss was observed within the first day in PST™ tubes. CONCLUSION Barricor™ tubes are a suitable alternative to serum for TDM on the Roche Cobas® 8000 platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jordan
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie Medical School, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Ali Sherazi
- Department of Research Services, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Ashley Stevens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Christina Quondam Franks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kayla Sturgeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Victoria Northrup
- Department of Research Services, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Shea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Vercruysse K, Lambrecht S, Oyaert M. Total lab automation: sample stability of clinical chemistry parameters in an automated storage and retrieval module. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:52-59. [PMID: 34726358 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Automated storage and retrieval modules (SRM), as part of total lab automation (TLA) systems, offer tremendous practical and economic benefits. In contrast to manual storage systems, SRMs indicate continuous motion of samples and may leave samples prone to temperature fluctuations. This study investigates analyte stability in serum and heparin plasma within an automated storage module. METHODS The stability of 28 common biochemistry analytes was investigated using 57 freshly obtained routine serum samples and 42 lithium-heparin plasma samples. Following baseline measurement, samples were stored at 2-8 °C in the automated SRM of the Accelerator a3600 TLA and reanalyzed at fixed time points (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) on the Abbott Architect c16000 chemistry analyzer. The concentration at each time point was expressed as %-difference to the baseline value and mean results were compared to the criteria for desirable bias derived from the biological variation database. RESULTS Nine of the analytes exceeded the bias criterion within 72 h after initial measurement in either serum samples, plasma samples or both. Lithium-heparin plasma samples showed increasing values for phosphor, potassium and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were only considered stable for respectively 24, 12 and 4 h, glucose was considered stable for 8 h. Electrolyte concentrations and LDH activity significantly increased in serum samples beyond 48 h. Bicarbonate should not be performed as add-on test at all. CONCLUSIONS The presented data indicate that the conditions within an SRM have no clinical impact on sample stability and allow stable measurement of routine analytes within 72 h, comparable to manual storage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobe Vercruysse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Lambrecht
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Borgatta M, Hechon J, Wild P, Hopf NB. Influence of collection and storage materials on glycol ether concentrations in urine and blood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148196. [PMID: 34153747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycol ethers, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol monobuthyl ether (PGBE) are solvents found in many professional and domestic products. In biomonitoring studies, the type of materials used to collect, store, and transport these samples can greatly influence the analytical results because materials can adsorb the analyte. Plastic tubes generally have a hydrophobic internal surface that can reduce the concentration of certain chemicals and result in an underestimation of workers' exposures. The aim of this study was to assess whether the storage of PGME and PGBE spiked blood and urine samples led to different PGME and PGBE concentrations in vials made of glass and common plastics (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS)). Glycol ether concentrations were quantified with headspace gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Our results show stable urinary PGME and PGBE concentrations in PP, while up to 15% variations in urinary PGME for PE and PS. For PGME and PGBE in blood, we observed no statistically significant losses in glass, while losses were recorded for all types of plastic tested (PS, PP and PE). We conclude that biomonitoring samples should be collected in glass for blood and PP for urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Borgatta
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julie Hechon
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kerachian MA, Azghandi M, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Thierry AR. Guidelines for pre-analytical conditions for assessing the methylation of circulating cell-free DNA. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:193. [PMID: 34663458 PMCID: PMC8525023 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cirDNA), as a liquid biopsy, has a significant potential to advance the detection, prognosis, and treatment of cancer, as well as many genetic disorders. The role of epigenetics in disease development has been reported in several hereditary disorders, and epigenetic modifications are regarded as one of the earliest and most significant genomic aberrations that arise during carcinogenesis. Liquid biopsy can be employed for the detection of these epigenetic biomarkers. It consists of isolation (pre-analytical) and detection (analytical) phases. The choice of pre-analytical variables comprising cirDNA extraction and bisulfite conversion methods can affect the identification of cirDNA methylation. Indeed, different techniques give a different return of cirDNA, which confirms the importance of pre-analytical procedures in clinical diagnostics. Although novel techniques have been developed for the simplification of methylation analysis, the process remains complex, as the steps of DNA extraction, bisulfite treatment, and methylation detection are each carried out separately. Recent studies have noted the absence of any standard method for the pre-analytical processing of methylated cirDNA. We have therefore conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the important pre-analytical and analytical variables and the patient-related factors which form the basis of our guidelines for analyzing methylated cirDNA in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Marjan Azghandi
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institute of Research in Oncology of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- ICM, Regional Institute of Cancer of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Dibbern ME, Pierre CC, Wiencek JR. Outdoor Courier Lockboxes in Summer Are a Significant Source of Preanalytical Error. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:866-870. [PMID: 34151359 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of short-term (<4-hour) exposure of summer-like temperatures on lithium heparin (uncentrifuged and centrifuged) samples stored in outdoor courier lockboxes in the Mid-Atlantic United States. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 8) were recruited to investigate the impact of the short-term exposure of lithium heparin samples (centrifuged and uncentrifuged) inside 2 LabLocker-KF300 courier lockboxes placed outside in direct sunlight during summer. Each courier lockbox was monitored every 5 minutes with a temperature data logger and contained either the standard number (n = 2) of cold packs (cold) or no standard cold packs (warm). Acceptable tolerance limits were defined for each analyte by significant change limit (SCL) analysis (P < .05), as previously described. RESULTS Significant changes were identified in each study condition for warm and cold lockbox conditions. Aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium commonly crossed SCLs from mean baseline (t0) in the majority of conditions. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor courier lockboxes are an underrecognized source of preanalytical error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Dibbern
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Christina C Pierre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Joesph R Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Khoza SP, Ford S, Buthelezi EP, Tanyanyiwa DM. Comparative study of chemical pathology sample collection tubes at the largest hospital in South Africa. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:358-366. [PMID: 34616225 PMCID: PMC8451222 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BarricorTM Lithium heparin plasma tubes are new blood tubes that have been introduced to overcome the effects of gel in serum separator tubes (SST) and the shortcomings of standard Lithium heparin plasma. We aimed to evaluate BarricorTM tubes as an alternative to serum separator tubes and compare the stability between the tubes. Methods Forty-four paired samples were collected using both BarricorTM and SST. We compared five analytes at baseline (<6 h) and after every 24 h using the PassingBablok and Bland-Altman plots. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), potassium (K), phosphate (PO4) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine were analysed in both tubes. We calculated the percentage difference for each analyte between the baseline and time intervals to assess analyte stability. The percentage difference was compared to the desirable specification for bias and reference change value (RCV). Results All analytes were comparable at baseline. Statistical differences (p<0.001) became evident after 24 h. PO4, K, and creatinine had a mean difference that exceeded the desirable specification for bias (-9.59%, - 9.35%, and -4.59%, respectively). Potassium was stable up to 24 h in both tubes. LDH showed better stability in SST (144 h vs 96 h). PO4 concentrations were more stable in both tubes with the SST (96 h vs 72 h). Creatinine and AST had the longest stability in both tubes compared to other analytes (144 h). Conclusions Data demonstrated variability and similarities in analyte concentrations and stability, respectively, in both tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Ford
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Chemical Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Donald M Tanyanyiwa
- Sefako Makgatho University of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Chemical Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa
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