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Guccione C, Heilman K, Porges SW, Gentile S, Caretti V, Halaris A. Autonomic Measures in Differentiating Depressive Disorders: A Potential AID. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:29-38. [PMID: 35360468 PMCID: PMC8951165 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed at exploring the potential utility of autonomic regulation as a useful marker in the diagnostic differentiation between unipolar and bipolar depression. Method Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), low-frequency (LF) of heart rate variability, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were assessed in patients with bipolar depression (31) and major depressive disorder (MDD=32), and in healthy controls (HCs=32). Since bipolar depressed subjects were maintained on specific medications to manage manic/hypomanic symptoms, we explored whether mood stabilizers (atypical antipsychotics and anticonvulsants or their combinations) could independently affect the physiological parameters. Results When the autonomic measures were analyzed by a multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA), after controlling for BMI, the combination of variables (RSA, LF, SBP) discriminated patients with bipolar depression and MDD from HC (F(6, 178)=3.036, p=0.007, Λ=0.823, partial η2=0.093). In any case, we cannot exclude that mood stabilizers might have affected SBP values in the bipolar group. To deconstruct this multivariate effect, pairwise ANOVAs and discriminant analyses contrasted groups and documented that RSA was the primary variable distinguishing the groups. Discriminant function analyses showed that RSA had a significant discriminating weight between bipolar depressed patients and HC subjects (p<0.0005). By contrast, RSA showed a trend towards the statistical significance in discriminating between bipolar depression and MDD patients (p=0.06). Conclusions The assessment of RSA and SBP in outpatient settings might be helpful in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Guccione
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Keri Heilman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen W Porges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Simonetta Gentile
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelos Halaris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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2
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Hartikainen KM. Emotion-Attention Interaction in the Right Hemisphere. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1006. [PMID: 34439624 PMCID: PMC8394055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries in affective and cognitive functions have been extensively studied. While both cerebral hemispheres contribute to most affective and cognitive processes, neuroscientific literature and neuropsychological evidence support an overall right hemispheric dominance for emotion, attention and arousal. Emotional stimuli, especially those with survival value such as threat, tend to be prioritized in attentional resource competition. Arousing unpleasant emotional stimuli have prioritized access, especially to right-lateralized attention networks. Interference of task performance may be observed when limited resources are exhausted by task- and emotion-related processing. Tasks that rely on right hemisphere-dependent processing, like attending to the left visual hemifield or global-level visual features, are especially vulnerable to interference due to attention capture by unpleasant emotional stimuli. The aim of this review is to present literature regarding the special role of the right hemisphere in affective and attentional brain processes and their interaction. Furthermore, clinical and technological implications of this interaction will be presented. Initially, the effects of focal right hemisphere lesion or atrophy on emotional functions will be introduced. Neurological right hemisphere syndromes including aprosodia, anosognosia and neglect, which further point to the predominance of the intact right hemisphere in emotion, attention and arousal will be presented. Then there will be a brief review of electrophysiological evidence, as well as evidence from patients with neglect that support attention capture by emotional stimuli in the right hemisphere. Subsequently, experimental work on the interaction of emotion, attention and cognition in the right hemispheres of healthy subjects will be presented. Finally, clinical implications for better understanding and assessment of alterations in emotion-attention interaction due to brain disorder or treatment, such as neuromodulation, that impact affective brain functions will be discussed. It will be suggested that measuring right hemispheric emotion-attention interactions may provide basis for novel biomarkers of brain health. Such biomarkers allow for improved diagnostics in brain damage and disorders and optimized treatments. To conclude, future technological applications will be outlined regarding brain physiology-based measures that reflect engagement of the right hemisphere in affective and attentional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M. Hartikainen
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; or
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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3
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Yang H, Li J, Zheng X. Different Influences of Negative and Neutral Emotional Interference on Working Memory in Trait Anxiety. Front Psychol 2021; 12:570552. [PMID: 33868069 PMCID: PMC8044409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.570552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the interaction of working memory (WM) type with emotional interference in trait anxiety, event-related potentials were measured in a combined WM and emotional task. Participants completed a delayed matching-to-sample task of WM, and emotional pictures were presented during the maintenance interval. The results indicated that negative affect interfered with spatial WM; task-related changes in amplitude were observed in the late positive potential (LPP) and slow waves in both the high and low anxiety groups. We also found an interaction among WM type, emotion, and trait anxiety such that participants with high levels of trait anxiety showed an opposite neural response to verbal and spatial WM tasks compared with individuals with low trait anxiety during the sustained brain activity involved in processing negative or neutral pictures in the delay phase. Our results increase our understanding of the influence of emotions on recognition and the vulnerability of those with trait anxiety to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychological Assessment and Rehabilitation for Exceptional Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junqing Li
- Department of Physical Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Chakravarty S, Chen YY, Caplan JB. Predicting memory from study-related brain activity. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:2060-2075. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00193.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For both basic and applied reasons, an important goal is to identify brain activity present while people study materials that enable us to predict whether they will remember those materials. We show that this is possible with the conventional event-related potential “subsequent-memory-effect” signals as well as with machine learning classifiers, but only to a small degree. This is in line with behavioral research, which supports many determinants of memory apart from the cognitive processes during study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Y. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy B. Caplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Tao D, Leng Y, Ge S, Deng H. Trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:1027-1030. [PMID: 33018160 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Empathy which can understand and respond to the unique affective experiences of others plays an essential role in social interaction. Although many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying empathy for social pain, how its mechanisms are modulated by trait empathy remains unknown. The present event-related potential (ERP) study used Chatroom Interact Task to examine how trait empathy modulates brain response to empathy for social rejection. The behavior results showed that participants were less pleasant when observing rejection compared to observing acceptance in both high- and low-levels empathy groups. The ERP results revealed more negative-going N2 for social acceptance compared to rejection in both groups, but there was no difference in N2 between high- and low- empathy group. However, the late components, i.e., the P3b, N400 and LPP, revealed significant difference between social acceptance and rejection in high empathic participants rather than low empathic participants. These findings suggested that individuals with high empathic traits could devote more attention and mental resources to process observing ostracism.
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6
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Lewis CR, Preller KH, Braden BB, Riecken C, Vollenweider FX. Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020034. [PMID: 32085521 PMCID: PMC7168190 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with highest affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT-2Ar). Generally, the effects of psilocybin, and its active metabolite psilocin, are well established and include a range of cognitive, emotional, and perceptual perturbations. Despite the generality of these effects, there is a high degree of inter-individual variability in subjective psilocybin experiences that are not well understood. Others have shown brain morphology metrics derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict individual drug response. Due to high expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5HT-2Ar) in the cingulate cortex, and its prior associations with psilocybin, we investigate if cortical thickness of this structure predicts the psilocybin experience in healthy adults. We hypothesized that greater cingulate thickness would predict higher subjective ratings in sub-scales of the Five-Dimensional Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) with high emotionality in healthy participants (n = 55) who received oral psilocybin (either low dose: 0.160 mg/kg or high dose: 0.215 mg/kg). After controlling for sex, age, and using false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we found the rostral anterior cingulate predicted all four emotional sub-scales, whereas the caudal and posterior cingulate did not. How classic psychedelic compounds induce such large inter-individual variability in subjective states has been a long-standing question in serotonergic research. These results extend the traditional set and setting hypothesis of the psychedelic experience to include brain structure metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R. Lewis
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-602-343-8400
| | - Katrin H. Preller
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
| | - B. Blair Braden
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Tempe 85281, AZ 85004, USA; (B.B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Cory Riecken
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Tempe 85281, AZ 85004, USA; (B.B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Franz X. Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharamacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; (K.H.P.); (F.X.V.)
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7
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Brooker RJ, Bates JE, Buss KA, Canen MJ, Dennis-Tiwary TA, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Hoyniak C, Klein DN, Kujawa A, Lahat A, Lamm C, Moser JS, Petersen IT, Tang A, Woltering S, Schmidt LA. Conducting Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research with Young Children: A Review of Components, Special Considerations and Recommendations for Research on Cognition and Emotion. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019; 34:137-158. [PMID: 34024985 DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of research studies employing event-related potential (ERP) techniques to examine dynamic and rapidly-occurring neural processes with children during the preschool and early childhood years. Despite this, there has been little discussion of the methodological and procedural differences that exist for studies of young children versus older children and adults. That is, reviewers, editors, and consumers of this work often expect developmental studies to simply apply adult techniques and procedures to younger samples. Procedurally, this creates unrealistic expectations for research paradigms, data collection, and data reduction and analyses. Scientifically, this leads to inappropriate measures and methods that hinder drawing conclusions and advancing theory. Based on ERP work with preschoolers and young children from 10 laboratories across North America, we present a summary of the most common ERP components under study in the area of emotion and cognition in young children along with 13 realistic expectations for data collection and loss, laboratory procedures and paradigms, data processing, ERP averaging, and typical challenges for conducting this type of work. This work is intended to supplement previous guidelines for work with adults and offer insights to aid researchers, reviewers, and editors in the design and evaluation of developmental research using ERPs. Here we make recommendations for researchers who plan to conduct or who are conducting ERP studies in children between ages 2 and 12, focusing on studies of toddlers and preschoolers. Recommendations are based on both data and our cumulative experience and include guidelines for laboratory setup, equipment and recording settings, task design, and data processing.
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8
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Taylor MJ, Robertson A, Keller AE, Sato J, Urbain C, Pang EW. Inhibition in the face of emotion: Characterization of the spatial-temporal dynamics that facilitate automatic emotion regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2907-2916. [PMID: 29573366 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation mediates socio-cognitive functions and is essential for interactions with others. The capacity to automatically inhibit responses to emotional stimuli is an important aspect of emotion regulation; the underlying neural mechanisms of this ability have been rarely investigated. Forty adults completed a Go/No-go task during magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, where they responded rapidly to either a blue or purple frame which contained angry or happy faces. Subjects responded to the target color in an inhibition (75% Go trials) and a vigilance condition (25% Go trials). As expected, inhibition processes showed early, sustained activation (200-450 ms) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Emotion-related inhibition processes showed greater activity with angry faces bilaterally in the orbital-frontal gyri (OFG) starting at 225 ms and temporal poles from 250 ms, with right hemisphere dominance. The presence of happy faces elicited earlier activity in the right OFG. This study demonstrates that the timing of inhibition processes varies with the emotional context and that there is much greater activation in the presence of angry faces. It underscores the importance of the right IFG for inhibition processes, but the OFG in automatic emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Robertson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne E Keller
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charline Urbain
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Identification of Stria Medullaris Fibers in the Massa Intermedia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e497-e504. [PMID: 29408589 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massa intermedia (MI) or interthalamic adhesion is an inconsistent band spanning between bilateral medial thalami that is absent in up to 20%-30% of individuals. Little is known of its significance, especially in regard to functional pathways. Probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has recently been used to seed the lateral habenula and define its afferent white matter pathway, the stria medullaris thalami (SM). We sought to determine whether the MI serves as a conduit for crossing of limbic fibers such as the SM. METHODS Probabilistic DTI was performed on 10 subjects who had presence of a MI as visualized on magnetic resonance imaging. Tractography was also performed on 2 subjects without MI. Manual identification of the lateral habenula on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used for the initial seed region for tractography. RESULTS In all subjects, the SM was reliably visualized. In 7 of the 10 subjects with MI, there was evidence of SM fibers that crossed to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Three subjects with small diameter MI did not have tractographic evidence of crossing SM fibers. Of the 7 subjects with crossing SM fibers within the MI, 5 showed predilection toward the right orbitofrontal cortex from both the left and right seed regions. CONCLUSIONS Probabilistic DTI provides evidence of SM fibers within the MI. Given its anatomic location as a bridging pathway between thalami, further studies are necessary to assess its role within the limbic functional network.
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10
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Lin Y, Moran TP, Schroder HS, Moser JS. The role of hand of error and stimulus orientation in the relationship between worry and error-related brain activity: Implications for theory and practice. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1281-92. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Tim P. Moran
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Hans S. Schroder
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Jason S. Moser
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
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11
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Vadovičová K. Affective and cognitive prefrontal cortex projections to the lateral habenula in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:819. [PMID: 25386128 PMCID: PMC4209891 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior insula (AI) and dorsal ACC (dACC) are known to process information about pain, loss, adversities, bad, harmful or suboptimal choices and consequences that threaten survival or well-being. Also pregenual ACC (pgACC) is linked to loss and pain, being activated by sad thoughts and regrets. Lateral habenula (LHb) is stimulated by predicted and received pain, discomfort, aversive outcome, loss. Its chronic stimulation makes us feel worse/low and gradually stops us choosing and moving for the suboptimal or punished choices, by direct and indirect (via rostromedial tegmental nucleus, RMTg) inhibition of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and VTA/SNc. The response selectivity of LHb neurons suggests their cortical input from affective and cognitive evaluative regions that make expectations about bad, unpleasant or suboptimal outcomes. Based on these facts I predicted direct dACC, pgACC and AI projections to LHb, which form part of an adversity processing circuit that learns to avoid bad outcomes by suppressing dopamine and serotonin signal. To test this connectivity I used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). I found dACC, pgACC, AI and caudolateral OFC (clOFC) projections to LHb. I predicted no corticohabenular projections from the reward processing regions: medial OFC (mOFC) and ventral ACC (vACC) because both respond most strongly to good, high valued stimuli and outcomes, inducing dopamine and serotonin release. This lack of LHb projections was confirmed for vACC and likely for mOFC. The surprising findings were the corticohabenular projections from the cognitive prefrontal cortex regions, known for flexible reasoning, planning and combining whatever information are relevant for reaching current goals. I propose that the prefrontohabenular projections provide a teaching signal for value-based choice behavior, to learn to deselect, avoid or inhibit the potentially harmful, low valued or wrong choices, goals, strategies, predictions and ways of doing things, to prevent bad or suboptimal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Vadovičová
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging Brescia, Italy
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12
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Is what goes in what comes out? Encoding and retrieval event-related potentials together determine memory outcome. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:3175-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Rossi A, Parada FJ, Kolchinsky A, Puce A. Neural correlates of apparent motion perception of impoverished facial stimuli: a comparison of ERP and ERSP activity. Neuroimage 2014; 98:442-459. [PMID: 24736174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brains readily decode human movements, as shown by neural responses to face and body motion. N170 event-related potentials (ERPs) are earlier and larger to mouth opening movements relative to closing in both line-drawn and natural faces, and gaze aversions relative to direct gaze in natural faces (Puce and Perrett, 2003; Puce et al., 2000). Here we extended this work by recording both ERP and oscillatory EEG activity (event-related spectral perturbations, ERSPs) to line-drawn faces depicting eye and mouth movements (Eyes: Direct vs Away; Mouth: Closed vs Open) and non-face motion controls. Neural activity was measured in 2 occipito-temporal clusters of 9 electrodes, one in each hemisphere. Mouth opening generated larger N170s than mouth closing, replicating earlier work. Eye motion elicited robust N170s that did not differ between gaze conditions. Control condition differences were seen, and generated the largest N170. ERSP difference plots across conditions in the occipito-temporal electrode clusters (Eyes: Direct vs Away; Mouth: Closed vs Open) showed statistically significant differences in beta and gamma bands for gaze direction changes and mouth opening at similar post-stimulus times and frequencies. In contrast, control stimuli showed activity in the gamma band with a completely different time profile and hemispheric distribution to facial stimuli. ERSP plots were generated in two 9 electrode clusters centered on central sites, C3 and C4. In the left cluster for all stimulus conditions, broadband beta suppression persisted from about 250ms post-motion onset. In the right cluster, beta suppression was seen for control conditions only. Statistically significant differences between conditions were confined between 4 and 15Hz, unlike the occipito-temporal sites where differences occurred at much higher frequencies (high beta/gamma). Our data indicate that N170 amplitude is sensitive to the amount of movement in the visual field, independent of stimulus type. In contrast, occipito-temporal beta and gamma activity differentiates between facial and non-facial motion. Context and stimulus configuration likely plays a role in shaping neural responses, based on comparisons of the current data to previously reported studies. Broadband suppression of central beta activity, and significant low frequency differences were likely stimulus driven and not contingent on behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rossi
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Francisco J Parada
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Aina Puce
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Immediate effects of exposure to positive and negative emotional stimuli on visual search characteristics in patients with unilateral neglect. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2729-39. [PMID: 24080263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of patients with unilateral neglect (UN) in tasks demanding visual attention is characterized by contralesional disadvantage which is markedly unstable in magnitude. Such instability of the attentional system is seen very clearly in clinical practice and thus far has no satisfying explanation. Here we examined the immediate effect of exposure to non-lateralized emotional stimuli on UN patients' attentional bias and performance variability. We tested eight right-hemisphere damaged stroke patients with left-sided neglect and eight age-matched healthy subjects in a visual conjunction-search task, each trial performed immediately after viewing a centrally-presented picture, which was emotionally negative, positive or neutral. Both performance bias and variability in performing the search task was analyzed as a function of the valence of the picture, and a method for analyzing reaction time (RT) variance in a small sample is introduced. Overall, UN subjects, but not controls, were slower and more variable in their RT for left- compared to right-sided targets. In the UN group, detecting left-sided targets was significantly slower in trials that followed presentation of negative pictures as compared to positive pictures, regardless of the fact that both picture types were judged as equally arousing by the patients. Moreover, UN patients exhibited larger performance variance on the left then on the right, and negative emotional stimuli were associated with larger variance asymmetry than positive emotional stimuli. Examining the coefficient of variation pointed to a possible dissociation between the effects of emotional stimuli on the lateralized RT mean (reflecting attentional bias) and on the lateralized RT variance (reflecting system instability). We conclude that emotional stimuli affect the spatial imbalance of both performance speed and stability in UN patients.
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16
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Giorgetta C, Grecucci A, Bonini N, Coricelli G, Demarchi G, Braun C, Sanfey AG. Waves of regret: a meg study of emotion and decision-making. Neuropsychologia 2012; 51:38-51. [PMID: 23137945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent fMRI studies have investigated brain activity involved in the feeling of regret and disappointment by manipulating the feedback participants saw after making a decision to play certain gambles: full-feedback (regret: participant sees the outcomes from both the chosen and unchosen gamble) vs. partial-feedback (disappointment: participant only sees the outcome from chosen gamble). However, regret and disappointment are also characterized by differential agency attribution: personal agency for regret, external agency for disappointment. In this study, we investigate the neural correlates of these two characterizations of regret and disappointment using magnetoencephalography (MEG). To do this, we experimentally induced each emotion by manipulating feedback (chosen gamble vs. unchosen gamble), agency (human vs. computer choice) and outcomes (win vs. loss) in a fully randomized design. At the behavioral level the emotional experience of regret and disappointment were indeed affected by both feedback and agency manipulations. These emotions also differentially affect subsequent choices, with regret leading to riskier behavior. At the neural level both feedback and agency affected the brain responses associated with regret and disappointment, demonstrating differential localization in the brain for each. Notably, feedback regret showed greater brain activity in the right anterior and posterior regions, with agency regret producing greater activity in the left anterior region. These findings extend the evidence for neural activity in processing both regret and disappointment by highlighting for the first time the respective importance of feedback and agency, as well as outlining the temporal dynamics of these emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giorgetta
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy.
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Baijal S, Srinivasan N. Emotional and hemispheric asymmetries in shifts of attention: an ERP study. Cogn Emot 2011; 25:280-94. [PMID: 21432671 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.492719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the larger response time to cued targets appearing at long cue-to-target intervals. Given emotion-attention interactions and associated visual field (VF) asymmetries, we examined the effects of emotions and hemispheric processing on object- and location-based IOR. We expected reduced IOR and right hemispheric bias accompanied by differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) including lack of suppression of cued N1 and enhancement of Nd components for sad targets. Reaction times and ERPs were recorded in an exogenous cuing detection task using happy and sad schematic faces. Results revealed reduced IOR for left compared to right VF with sad faces but no such asymmetry for happy faces. Cued N1 amplitudes were suppressed for happy targets but not for sad targets presented to the left VF. Nd amplitudes were enhanced for right-hemispheric sad faces especially with object-based IOR. The results indicate right-hemispheric advantage in the capture of attention by negative emotion especially with object-based selection.
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Önal-Hartmann C, Pauli P, Ocklenburg S, Güntürkün O. The motor side of emotions: investigating the relationship between hemispheres, motor reactions and emotional stimuli. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 76:311-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-011-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Denkova E, Wong G, Dolcos S, Sung K, Wang L, Coupland N, Dolcos F. The impact of anxiety-inducing distraction on cognitive performance: a combined brain imaging and personality investigation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14150. [PMID: 21152391 PMCID: PMC2994755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations revealed that the impact of task-irrelevant emotional distraction on ongoing goal-oriented cognitive processing is linked to opposite patterns of activation in emotional and perceptual vs. cognitive control/executive brain regions. However, little is known about the role of individual variations in these responses. The present study investigated the effect of trait anxiety on the neural responses mediating the impact of transient anxiety-inducing task-irrelevant distraction on cognitive performance, and on the neural correlates of coping with such distraction. We investigated whether activity in the brain regions sensitive to emotional distraction would show dissociable patterns of co-variation with measures indexing individual variations in trait anxiety and cognitive performance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Event-related fMRI data, recorded while healthy female participants performed a delayed-response working memory (WM) task with distraction, were investigated in conjunction with behavioural measures that assessed individual variations in both trait anxiety and WM performance. Consistent with increased sensitivity to emotional cues in high anxiety, specific perceptual areas (fusiform gyrus--FG) exhibited increased activity that was positively correlated with trait anxiety and negatively correlated with WM performance, whereas specific executive regions (right lateral prefrontal cortex--PFC) exhibited decreased activity that was negatively correlated with trait anxiety. The study also identified a role of the medial and left lateral PFC in coping with distraction, as opposed to reflecting a detrimental impact of emotional distraction. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide initial evidence concerning the neural mechanisms sensitive to individual variations in trait anxiety and WM performance, which dissociate the detrimental impact of emotion distraction and the engagement of mechanisms to cope with distracting emotions. Our study sheds light on the neural correlates of emotion-cognition interactions in normal behaviour, which has implications for understanding factors that may influence susceptibility to affective disorders, in general, and to anxiety disorders, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Wong
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sanda Dolcos
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Keen Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lihong Wang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Florin Dolcos
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
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Stafford LD, Brandaro N. Valence specific laterality effects in free viewing conditions: the role of expectancy and gender of image. Brain Cogn 2010; 74:324-31. [PMID: 20934796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has looked at whether the expectancy of an emotion can account for subsequent valence specific laterality effects of prosodic emotion, though no research has examined this effect for facial emotion. In the study here (n=58), we investigated this issue using two tasks; an emotional face perception task and a novel word task that involved categorising positive and negative words. In the face perception task a valence specific laterality effect was found for surprise (positive) and anger (negative) faces in the control but not expectancy condition. Interestingly, lateralisation differed for face gender, revealing a left hemisphere advantage for male faces and a right hemisphere advantage for female faces. In the word task, an affective priming effect was found, with higher accuracy when valence of picture prime and word target were congruent. Target words were also responded to faster when presented to the LVF versus RVF in the expectancy but not control condition. These findings suggest that expecting an emotion influences laterality processing but that this differs in terms of the perceptual/experience dimension of the task. Further, that hemispheric processing of emotional expressions appear to differ in the gender of the image.
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Rombaux P, Guérit JM, Mouraux A. Lateralisation of intranasal trigeminal chemosensory event-related potentials. Neurophysiol Clin 2008; 38:23-30. [PMID: 18329547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To determine whether or not chemosensory event-related brain potentials (CSERP) elicited by nociceptive unilateral intranasal (CO2) trigeminal stimulation are lateralized and, if they are, whether this hemispheric lateralization is related to the side of the stimulated nostril. METHODS Nine healthy right-handed subjects participated to the study. CSERPs were recorded after left or right monorhinal CO2 stimulation. Latency and baseline-to-peak amplitude of each CSERP component were compared across stimulation conditions (left and right nostril), scalp locations (lower-frontal, frontal, mid-temporal, central, posterior-temporal, parietal) and hemispheres (left or right), using a three-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. RESULTS Intranasal trigeminal CO2 stimulation elicited a large N400-P550 complex. This complex was preceded by an earlier N300 component. Whatever the stimulated nostril, N300, N400 and P550 amplitudes were significantly higher on the right as compared to the left hemisphere, at lower-frontal recording sites. The side of chemosensory stimulation (left or right nostril) did not significantly affect CSERP components. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that in healthy right-handed volunteers with normal olfactory ability, intranasal chemosensory trigeminal stimulation may elicit a series of event-related brain potentials, which all display a significant right-hemisphere predominance, irrespective of the stimulated nostril. The observed lateralization was maximal at lower-frontal recording sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rombaux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, université catholique de Louvain, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, 10, avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Li W, Zinbarg RE, Boehm SG, Paller KA. Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Affective Priming from Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Facial Expressions and the Influence of Trait Anxiety. J Cogn Neurosci 2008; 20:95-107. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Affective judgments can often be influenced by emotional information people unconsciously perceive, but the neural mechanisms responsible for these effects and how they are modulated by individual differences in sensitivity to threat are unclear. Here we studied subliminal affective priming by recording brain potentials to surprise faces preceded by 30-msec happy or fearful prime faces. Participants showed valence-consistent changes in affective ratings of surprise faces, although they reported no knowledge of prime-face expressions, nor could they discriminate between prime-face expressions in a forced-choice test. In conjunction with the priming effect on affective evaluation, larger occipital P1 potentials at 145–175 msec were found with fearful than with happy primes, and source analyses implicated the bilateral extrastriate cortex in this effect. Later brain potentials at 300–400 msec were enhanced with happy versus fearful primes, which may reflect differential attentional orienting. Personality testing for sensitivity to threat, especially social threat, was also used to evaluate individual differences potentially relevant to subliminal affective priming. Indeed, participants with high trait anxiety demonstrated stronger affective priming and greater P1 differences than did those with low trait anxiety, and these effects were driven by fearful primes. Results thus suggest that unconsciously perceived affective information influences social judgments by altering very early perceptual analyses, and that this influence is accentuated to the extent that people are oversensitive to threat. In this way, perception may be subject to a variety of influences that govern social preferences in the absence of concomitant awareness of such influences.
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Erk S, Kleczar A, Walter H. Valence-specific regulation effects in a working memory task with emotional context. Neuroimage 2007; 37:623-32. [PMID: 17570686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulatory effects of emotional context on episodic memory have been shown recently. We were interested whether working memory is similarly susceptible to emotional context or whether working memory helps to distract from emotion, i.e. serves to downregulate emotional reactions in order to sustain the prior intention. We tested the effects of emotional stimulation during active maintenance of information by modulating the emotional context of maintenance processes in a Sternberg item recognition task with two load conditions. Behavioral data revealed no impairment of working memory performance during emotional context. Actually, behavioral performance was better for emotional compared to neutral context during high load. Furthermore, emotional context had no interference effect on working memory-related brain activation. Instead, we found a valence-specific regulation effect: High cognitive effort was associated with reduced activity in emotion processing regions, i.e. the amygdala and ventral striatum. This effect was mediated by different prefrontal regions, i.e. by left inferior PFC for negative and left superior PFC for positive valence. Furthermore, our results reveal an integration effect of emotion and cognition in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showing increased recruitment with increasing complexity of the task. The results presented here are of relevance for the understanding of regulatory mechanisms and diseases characterized by increased susceptibility to emotional distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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Coricelli G, Dolan RJ, Sirigu A. Brain, emotion and decision making: the paradigmatic example of regret. Trends Cogn Sci 2007; 11:258-65. [PMID: 17475537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human decisions cannot be explained solely by rational imperatives but are strongly influenced by emotion. Theoretical and behavioral studies provide a sound empirical basis to the impact of the emotion of regret in guiding choice behavior. Recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging data have stressed the fundamental role of the orbitofrontal cortex in mediating the experience of regret. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data indicate that reactivation of activity within the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala occurring during the phase of choice, when the brain is anticipating possible future consequences of decisions, characterizes the anticipation of regret. In turn, these patterns reflect learning based on cumulative emotional experience. Moreover, affective consequences can induce specific mechanisms of cognitive control of the choice processes, involving reinforcement or avoidance of the experienced behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Coricelli
- Neuropsychology Group, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France.
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Kucharska-Pietura K. Disordered emotional processing in schizophrenia and one-sided brain damage. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 156:467-79. [PMID: 17015097 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The work concentrates on the problem of human emotions in healthy and pathologically changed brains, mainly in persons afflicted with schizophrenia or with organic impairments localized in one of the cerebral hemispheres. This chapter presents the state of current knowledge concerning the hemispheric lateralization of emotions among healthy people, psychiatric patients, and patients with one-sided brain lesion, on the basis of clinical observations, the results of experimental work, and the newest neuroimaging techniques. The numerous experiments and scientific methods used to assess the hemispheric lateralization of emotions and the discrepancies in their results point toward a lack of consistent theory in the field of hemispheric specialization in the regulation of emotional processes. Particular scientific interest was taken in the emotions of persons afflicted with schizophrenia, either in its early or late stages. This was inspired by the emotional behavior of schizophrenic patients on a psychiatric ward and their ability to perceive and express emotions during various stages of the schizophrenic process. In order to examine the cerebral manifestations of emotional deficits and the specialization of cerebral hemispheres for emotional processes, the author has described the emotional behavior of patients with unilateral cerebral stroke, i.e., patients with damage to the right or left cerebral hemisphere. Overall, the inferior performance of emotional tasks by right-hemisphere-damaged patients compared to other groups might support right-hemisphere superiority for affect perception despite variations in the stimuli used.
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Abstract
The polyvagal theory introduced a new perspective relating autonomic function to behavior, that included an appreciation of the autonomic nervous system as a "system," the identification of neural circuits involved in the regulation of autonomic state, and an interpretation of autonomic reactivity as adaptive within the context of the phylogeny of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. The paper has two objectives: first, to provide an explicit statement of the theory; and second, to introduce the features of a polyvagal perspective. The polyvagal perspective emphasizes how an understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms and phylogenetic shifts in neural regulation leads to different questions, paradigms, explanations, and conclusions regarding autonomic function in biobehavioral processes than peripheral models. Foremost, the polyvagal perspective emphasizes the importance of phylogenetic changes in the neural structures regulating the autonomic nervous system and how these phylogenetic shifts provide insights into the adaptive function and the neural regulation of the two vagal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Porges
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Flexible behavior depends on our ability to cope with distracting stimuli that can interfere with the attainment of goals. Emotional distracters can be particularly disruptive to goal-oriented behavior, but the neural systems through which these detrimental effects are mediated are not known. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effect of emotional and nonemotional distracters on a delayed-response working memory (WM) task. As expected, this task evoked robust activity during the delay period in typical WM regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lateral parietal cortex). Presentation of emotional distracters during the delay interval evoked strong activity in typical emotional processing regions (amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) while simultaneously evoking relative deactivation of the WM regions and impairing WM performance. These results provide the first direct evidence that the detrimental effect of emotional distracters on ongoing cognitive processes entails the interaction between a dorsal neural system associated with "cold" executive processing and a ventral system associated with "hot" emotional processing.
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Gasbarri A, Arnone B, Pompili A, Marchetti A, Pacitti F, Calil SS, Pacitti C, Tavares MC, Tomaz C. Sex-related lateralized effect of emotional content on declarative memory: an event related potential study. Behav Brain Res 2006; 168:177-84. [PMID: 16443292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that emotional arousal can promote memory storage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of emotional content on declarative memory, utilizing an adaptation of two versions of the same story, with different arousing properties (neutral or emotional), which have been already employed in experiments involving the enhancing effects of emotions on memory retention. We used event related potentials (ERP) to evaluate whether there is a sex-related hemispheric lateralization of electrical potentials elicited by the emotional content of a story. We compared left and right hemisphere P300 waves, recorded in P3 and P4 electrode sites, in response to emotional or neutral stimuli in men and women. In the left hemisphere, emotional stimuli elicited a stronger P300 in women, compared to men, as indexed by both amplitude and latency measures; moreover, the emotional content of the story elicited a stronger P300 in the right hemisphere in men than in women. The better memory for the arousal material may be related to the differential P300 at encoding. These data indicate that both sex and cerebral hemisphere constitute important, interacting influences on neural correlates of emotion, and of emotionally influenced memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gasbarri
- Department of Sciences and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Sciences of Education, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Simon-Thomas ER, Knight RT. Affective and cognitive modulation of performance monitoring: Behavioral and ERP evidence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2005; 5:362-72. [PMID: 16396095 DOI: 10.3758/cabn.5.3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of negative affect on performance monitoring. EEG was acquired during a lateralized, numeric Stroop working memory task that featured task-irrelevant aversive and neutral pictures between stimuli. Performance accuracy showed a right-hemisphere advantage for stimuli that followed aversive pictures. Response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) from accurate trials showed an early negative component (CRN; correct response/conflict-related negativity) followed by a positive wave comparable to the Pe (error positivity). The CRN was bi-peaked with an earlier peak that was sensitive to aversive pictures during early portions of the experiment and a later peak that increased with error likelihood later in the experiment. Pe amplitude was increased with aversive pictures early in the experiment and was sensitive to picture type, Stroop interference, and hemisphere of stimulus delivery during later trials. This suggests that ERP indices of performance monitoring, the CRN and Pe, are dynamically modulated by both affective and cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana R Simon-Thomas
- Wills Neuroscience Institute, 132 Barker Hall, MC 3190, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA.
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