1
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Wang L, Zhang M, Zou F, Wu X, Wang Y, Chen J. Brain Functional Networks Involved in Different Premise Order in Conditional Reasoning: A Dynamic Causal Model Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1416-1428. [PMID: 35579988 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In conditional reasoning, the reasoner must draw a conclusion based on a conditional or "If…, then…" proposition. Previous studies have reported that reversing the premises can effectively promote modus tollens reasoning (a form of conditional reasoning), but subsequent experimental studies have found no such effect. Therefore, to further examine this issue and reveal the cognitive mechanism of conditional reasoning, we asked two groups of healthy volunteers (traditional and inverted premise order groups) to evaluate a set of visually presented conditional tasks (modus ponens/modus tollens) under fMRI. The results indicated that the inverted condition activated more brain regions associated with working memory, including the angular gyrus (BA 39), precuneus (BA 7), inferior parietal lobe, and middle frontal gyrus. The resulting common activation map was used to define the ROIs and perform dynamic causal modeling for the effective connectivity analysis, containing the medial frontal gyrus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and middle occipital gyrus in the right hemisphere and the inferior occipital gyrus in the left hemisphere. The results of intrinsic connections in the optimal model selected by Bayesian model selection showed that the connection strength was stronger in the inverted group rather than in the traditional group, which may indicate that the reversal of the premise order promotes connectivity between brain regions. Despite the lack of a premise order effect, we did discover a neuronal separation between the inverted and traditional conditions, which lends support to the mental model theory to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- South China Normal University
| | - Meng Zhang
- Xinxiang Medical University, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Xinxiang Medical University, China
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2
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Emmorey K, Brozdowski C, McCullough S. The neural correlates for spatial language: Perspective-dependent and -independent relationships in American Sign Language and spoken English. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 223:105044. [PMID: 34741986 PMCID: PMC9578291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In American Sign Language (ASL) spatial relationships are conveyed by the location of the hands in space, whereas English employs prepositional phrases. Using event-related fMRI, we examined comprehension of perspective-dependent (PD) (left, right) and perspective-independent (PI) (in, on) sentences in ASL and audiovisual English (sentence-picture matching task). In contrast to non-spatial control sentences, PD sentences engaged the superior parietal lobule (SPL) bilaterally for ASL and English, consistent with a previous study with written English. The ASL-English conjunction analysis revealed bilateral SPL activation for PD sentences, but left-lateralized activation for PI sentences. The direct contrast between PD and PI expressions revealed greater SPL activation for PD expressions only for ASL. Increased SPL activation for ASL PD expressions may reflect the mental transformation required to interpret locations in signing space from the signer's viewpoint. Overall, the results suggest both overlapping and distinct neural regions support spatial language comprehension in ASL and English.
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3
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What Do You Want to Eat? Influence of Menu Description and Design on Consumer's Mind: An fMRI Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050919. [PMID: 33922036 PMCID: PMC8170898 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to analyse the active regions when processing dishes with a pleasant (vs. unpleasant) design and the effect of the previously read rational (vs. emotional) description when visualising the dish. The functional magnetic resonance image technique was used for the study. The results showed that participants who visualised pleasant vs. unpleasant dishes became active in several domains (e.g., attention, cognition and reward). On the other side, visualisation of unpleasant dishes activated stronger regions linked to inhibition, rejection, and related ambiguity. We found that subjects who read rational descriptions when visualising pleasant dishes activated regions related to congruence integration, while subjects who visualised emotional descriptions showed an increased neuronal response to pleasant dishes in the regions related to memory, emotion and congruence.
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4
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Lesch H, Schoenfeld MA, Merkel C. Functional dissociation of multiple-object tracking mechanisms based on hemispheric asymmetries. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 38:443-453. [PMID: 33325416 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of theoretical accounts have been put forward to explain the ability to simultaneously track multiple visually indistinguishable objects over a period of time. Serial processing models of visual tracking focus on the maintenance of the spatial locations of every single item over time. A more recent mechanism describes multiple object tracking as the ability to maintain a higher order representation of an abstract spatial configuration built by the illusory connection of the tracked items through their transition. OBJECTIVE The current study investigates the correspondence between these serial and parallel tracking accounts and the right hemispheric specialization for the space-based vs. left hemispheric for object-based attentional processing. METHODS Electrophysiological brain responses were recorded in two groups of patients with right- and left hemispheric lesions while performing in a multiple object tracking task. RESULTS The results suggest a failure to distinguish single item information for the right hemispheric patients accompanied by the absence of a known electrophysiological marker associated with single item tracking. Importantly, left hemispheric patients showed a graded behavioral and electrophysiological response to probe stimuli as a function of the congruence of the probe with the relevant target stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest that the differential contribution of serial and parallel tracking mechanisms during object tracking can partly be explained by the different functional contributions of the right and left brain hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
- Kliniken Schmieder, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Merkel
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Boccia M, Raimo S, Di Vita A, Battisti A, Matano A, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. Topological and hodological aspects of body representation in right brain damaged patients. Neuropsychologia 2020; 148:107637. [PMID: 32980373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The triadic taxonomy posits that three distinct types of body representations do exist, namely the body schema (BS), which corresponds to the representation derived from multiple sensory and motor inputs, the body structural representation (BSR), which corresponds to the structural description of spatial relations among the body parts, and the body semantics (SEM), which corresponds to the lexical-semantic representation of the body. Although several studies have assessed neural correlates of these representations, no study has compared them in brain-damaged patients, controlling for deficits in other cognitive domains. Also, little is known about the contribution of the right hemisphere to different body representations. Here we used a computerized battery to test these three body representations in twenty-six right brain damaged patients, controlling for other cognitive deficits by means of tests tapping similar spatial and lexical processes on non-body related stimuli. Residual scores corresponding to the BS, the BSR and the SEM were used to test neural correlates, which were assessed by integrating topological and hodological approaches to lesion-deficit analyses. We found that the BSR was associated with lesion of the superior temporal gyrus, the insula, the supramarginal gyrus and the temporo-parietal junction, extending also to the Rolandic operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus. Also, it was associated with the disconnection probability of the posterior arcuate segment. The BS was associated with a small cluster of voxels in the precentral and postcentral gyri, whereas the SEM was associated with white matter lesion at the boundary between the parietal and temporal lobes. Overall, these results provide strong support to the regional and connectional contribution of the right hemisphere to body representation, and more specifically to the BSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Raimo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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6
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Lopez A, Caffò AO, Postma A, Bosco A. How to separate coordinate and categorical spatial relation components in integrated spatial representations: A new methodology for analysing sketch maps. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:607-615. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication University of Study Bari Bari Italy
| | - Alessandro O. Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication University of Study Bari Bari Italy
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication University of Study Bari Bari Italy
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7
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Boccia M, Sulpizio V, Teghil A, Palermo L, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. The dynamic contribution of the high-level visual cortex to imagery and perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2449-2463. [PMID: 30702203 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery and visual perception rely on the same content-dependent brain areas in the high-level visual cortex (HVC). However, little is known about dynamic mechanisms in these areas during imagery and perception. Here we disentangled local and inter-regional dynamic mechanisms underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and the hippocampus (HC), a key region for memory retrieval during imagery. Nineteen healthy participants watched or imagined a familiar scene or face during fMRI acquisition. The neural code for familiar landmarks and faces was distributed across the HVC and the HC, although with a different representational structure, and generalized across imagery and perception. However, different regional adaptation effects and inter-regional functional couplings were detected for faces and landmarks during imagery and perception. The left PPA showed opposite adaptation effects, with activity suppression following repeated observation of landmarks, but enhancement following repeated imagery of landmarks. Also, functional coupling between content-dependent brain areas of the HVC and HC changed as a function of task and content. These findings provide important information about the dynamic networks underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and shed some light upon the thin line between imagery and perception which has characterized the neuropsychological debates on mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Propper RE, Wolfarth A, Carlei C, Brunye TT, Christman SD. Superior categorical and coordinate spatial task performance in inconsistent-handers relative to consistent-right-handers. Laterality 2018; 24:274-288. [PMID: 30040010 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1503287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Categorical versus coordinate spatial tasks rely differentially on the left versus right hemisphere. Given the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological differences between inconsistent- versus consistent-right-handers (ICH versus CRH, respectively), such that the former demonstrates increased access to right hemisphere processes relative to the latter, it was hypothesized that ICH would outperform CRH on a test of coordinate spatial knowledge. Previous work demonstrating reliance on the right hemisphere for both categorical and coordinate information in non-right-handers using lateralized stimuli of brief duration suggested ICH might also outperform CRH on a categorical task as well. Participants navigated a virtual environment, landmark-to-landmark, within a 3-dimensional first-person point of view with high ecological validity, and then were tested on either their categorical or coordinate spatial knowledge. ICH were superior relative to the CRH on both types of spatial knowledge. Additionally, ICH navigated the environment during learning more quickly, and reported being more confident in their knowledge of the location of landmarks within the environment, compared with CRH. Results are discussed in terms of potential handedness differences in spatial ability generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Propper
- a Psychology Department , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ , USA
| | - Andrew Wolfarth
- a Psychology Department , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ , USA
| | - Christophe Carlei
- b Psychology Department , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Tad T Brunye
- c Department of Psychology , Tufts University , Medford , MA , USA.,d Cognitive Science Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center , Natick , MA , USA
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9
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Sussman BL, Reddigari S, Newman SD. The impact of inverted text on visual word processing: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2018; 123:1-9. [PMID: 29499492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Visual word recognition has been studied for decades. One question that has received limited attention is how different text presentation orientations disrupt word recognition. By examining how word recognition processes may be disrupted by different text orientations it is hoped that new insights can be gained concerning the process. Here, we examined the impact of rotating and inverting text on the neural network responsible for visual word recognition focusing primarily on a region of the occipto-temporal cortex referred to as the visual word form area (VWFA). A lexical decision task was employed in which words and pseudowords were presented in one of three orientations (upright, rotated or inverted). The results demonstrate that inversion caused the greatest disruption of visual word recognition processes. Both rotated and inverted text elicited increased activation in spatial attention regions within the right parietal cortex. However, inverted text recruited phonological and articulatory processing regions within the left inferior frontal and left inferior parietal cortices. Finally, the VWFA was found to not behave similarly to the fusiform face area in that unusual text orientations resulted in increased activation and not decreased activation. It is hypothesized here that the VWFA activation is modulated by feedback from linguistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Sussman
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Samir Reddigari
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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10
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Seydell-Greenwald A, Ferrara K, Chambers CE, Newport EL, Landau B. Bilateral parietal activations for complex visual-spatial functions: Evidence from a visual-spatial construction task. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:194-206. [PMID: 28987904 PMCID: PMC6408728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine brain lateralization patterns for a complex visual-spatial task commonly used to assess general spatial abilities. Although spatial abilities have classically been ascribed to the right hemisphere, evidence suggests that at least some tasks may be strongly bilateral. For example, while functional neuroimaging studies show right-lateralized activations for some spatial tasks (e.g., line bisection), bilateral activations are often reported for others, including classic spatial tasks such as mental rotation. Moreover, constructive apraxia has been reported following left- as well as right-hemisphere damage in adults, suggesting a role for the left hemisphere in spatial function. Here, we use functional neuroimaging to probe lateralization while healthy adults carry out a simplified visual-spatial construction task, in which they judge whether two geometric puzzle pieces can be combined to form a square. The task evokes strong bilateral activations, predominantly in parietal and lateral occipital cortex. Bilaterality was observed at the single-subject as well as at the group level, and regardless of whether specific items required mental rotation. We speculate that complex visual-spatial tasks may generally engage more bilateral activation of the brain than previously thought, and we discuss implications for understanding hemispheric specialization for spatial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seydell-Greenwald
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Building D, Suite 145, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Katrina Ferrara
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Building D, Suite 145, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Catherine E Chambers
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Building D, Suite 145, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Elissa L Newport
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Building D, Suite 145, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Barbara Landau
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Building D, Suite 145, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Krieger Hall 2400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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11
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Mäntylä T, Coni V, Kubik V, Todorov I, Del Missier F. Time takes space: selective effects of multitasking on concurrent spatial processing. Cogn Process 2017; 18:229-235. [PMID: 28315969 PMCID: PMC5527076 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-017-0799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many everyday activities require coordination and monitoring of complex relations of future goals and deadlines. Cognitive offloading may provide an efficient strategy for reducing control demands by representing future goals and deadlines as a pattern of spatial relations. We tested the hypothesis that multiple-task monitoring involves time-to-space transformational processes, and that these spatial effects are selective with greater demands on coordinate (metric) than categorical (nonmetric) spatial relation processing. Participants completed a multitasking session in which they monitored four series of deadlines, running on different time scales, while making concurrent coordinate or categorical spatial judgments. We expected and found that multitasking taxes concurrent coordinate, but not categorical, spatial processing. Furthermore, males showed a better multitasking performance than females. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for the hypothesis that efficient multitasking involves metric relational processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Mäntylä
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valentina Coni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Veit Kubik
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivo Todorov
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Del Missier
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Chabris CF, Kosslyn SM. How Do the Cerebral Hemispheres Contribute to Encoding Spatial Relations? CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep11521809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Ruotolo F, Iachini T, Ruggiero G, van der Ham IJM, Postma A. Frames of reference and categorical/coordinate spatial relations in a "what was where" task. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2687-96. [PMID: 27180248 PMCID: PMC4978766 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how people use egocentric (i.e., with respect to their body) and allocentric (i.e., with respect to another element in the environment) references in combination with coordinate (metric) or categorical (abstract) spatial information to identify a target element. Participants were asked to memorize triads of 3D objects or 2D figures, and immediately or after a delay of 5 s, they had to verbally indicate what was the object/figure: (1) closest/farthest to them (egocentric coordinate task); (2) on their right/left (egocentric categorical task); (3) closest/farthest to another object/figure (allocentric coordinate task); (4) on the right/left of another object/figure (allocentric categorical task). Results showed that the use of 2D figures favored categorical judgments over the coordinate ones with either an egocentric or an allocentric reference frame, whereas the use of 3D objects specifically favored egocentric coordinate judgments rather than the allocentric ones. Furthermore, egocentric judgments were more accurate than allocentric judgments when the response was Immediate rather than delayed and 3D objects rather than 2D figures were used. This pattern of results is discussed in the light of the functional roles attributed to the frames of reference and spatial relations by relevant theories of visuospatial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ruotolo
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Tina Iachini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ineke J M van der Ham
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Deadlines in space: Selective effects of coordinate spatial processing in multitasking. Mem Cognit 2015; 43:1216-28. [DOI: 10.3758/s13421-015-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Falasca NW, D'Ascenzo S, Di Domenico A, Onofrj M, Tommasi L, Laeng B, Franciotti R. Hemispheric lateralization in top-down attention during spatial relation processing: a Granger causal model approach. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:914-24. [PMID: 25704649 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography was recorded during a matching-to-sample plus cueing paradigm, in which participants judged the occurrence of changes in either categorical (CAT) or coordinate (COO) spatial relations. Previously, parietal and frontal lobes were identified as key areas in processing spatial relations and it was shown that each hemisphere was differently involved and modulated by the scope of the attention window (e.g. a large and small cue). In this study, Granger analysis highlighted the patterns of causality among involved brain areas--the direction of information transfer ran from the frontal to the visual cortex in the right hemisphere, whereas it ran in the opposite direction in the left side. Thus, the right frontal area seems to exert top-down influence, supporting the idea that, in this task, top-down signals are selectively related to the right side. Additionally, for CAT change preceded by a small cue, the right frontal gyrus was not involved in the information transfer, indicating a selective specialization of the left hemisphere for this condition. The present findings strengthen the conclusion of the presence of a remarkable hemispheric specialization for spatial relation processing and illustrate the complex interactions between the lateralized parts of the neural network. Moreover, they illustrate how focusing attention over large or small regions of the visual field engages these lateralized networks differently, particularly in the frontal regions of each hemisphere, consistent with the theory that spatial relation judgements require a fronto-parietal network in the left hemisphere for categorical relations and on the right hemisphere for coordinate spatial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Falasca
- BIND - Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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16
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Boccia M, Piccardi L, Palermo L, Nemmi F, Sulpizio V, Galati G, Guariglia C. A penny for your thoughts! patterns of fMRI activity reveal the content and the spatial topography of visual mental images. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:945-58. [PMID: 25359694 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual mental imagery is a complex process that may be influenced by the content of mental images. Neuropsychological evidence from patients with hemineglect suggests that in the imagery domain environments and objects may be represented separately and may be selectively affected by brain lesions. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the possibility of neural segregation among mental images depicting parts of an object, of an environment (imagined from a first-person perspective), and of a geographical map, using both a mass univariate and a multivariate approach. Data show that different brain areas are involved in different types of mental images. Imagining an environment relies mainly on regions known to be involved in navigational skills, such as the retrosplenial complex and parahippocampal gyrus, whereas imagining a geographical map mainly requires activation of the left angular gyrus, known to be involved in the representation of categorical relations. Imagining a familiar object mainly requires activation of parietal areas involved in visual space analysis in both the imagery and the perceptual domain. We also found that the pattern of activity in most of these areas specifically codes for the spatial arrangement of the parts of the mental image. Our results clearly demonstrate a functional neural segregation for different contents of mental images and suggest that visuospatial information is coded by different patterns of activity in brain areas involved in visual mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Rome, Italy
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van der Ham IJ, Postma A, Laeng B. Lateralized perception: The role of attention in spatial relation processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Dépy D, Fagot J, Vauclair J. Processing of above/below categorical spatial relations by baboons (Papiopapio). Behav Processes 2014; 48:1-9. [PMID: 24897558 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1998] [Revised: 05/26/1999] [Accepted: 06/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three video-formatted experiments investigated the categorization of 'above' and 'below' spatial relations in baboons (Papio papio). Using an identity matching-to-sample task, six baboons correctly matched line-dot stimuli based on the 'above' or 'below' location of the dot relative to the line (Experiment 1). Positive transfer of performance was then observed when the line-dot distance depicted in the sample stimulus differed from that of the two comparison stimuli (Experiment 2). Using a go/nogo procedure, two baboons were further trained to discriminate whether a 'B' character was displayed 'above' or 'below' a '3' character (Experiment 3). After training, a positive transfer of performance was observed with the same type of stimuli depicted in different type fonts. Altogether, these results suggest that baboons may form conceptual representations of 'above' and 'below' spatial relations, and categorize visual forms on that basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dépy
- CNRS, Research Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, 31, Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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19
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Chechlacz M, Novick A, Rotshtein P, Bickerton WL, Humphreys GW, Demeyere N. The neural substrates of drawing: a voxel-based morphometry analysis of constructional, hierarchical, and spatial representation deficits. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2701-15. [PMID: 24893744 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in the ability to draw objects, despite apparently intact perception and motor abilities, are defined as constructional apraxia. Constructional deficits, often diagnosed based on performance on copying complex figures, have been reported in a range of pathologies, perhaps reflecting the contribution of several underlying factors to poor figure drawing. The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of brain-behavior relationships in drawing disorders based on data from a large cohort of subacute stroke patients (n = 358) using whole-brain voxel-wise statistical analyses linked to behavioral measures from a complex figure copy task. We found that (i) overall poor performance on figure copying was associated with subcortical lesions (BG and thalamus), (ii) lateralized deficits with respect to the midline of the viewer were associated with lesions within the posterior parietal lobule, and (iii) spatial positioning errors across the entire figure were associated with lesions within visual processing areas (lingual gyrus and calcarine) and the insula. Furthermore, deficits in reproducing global aspects of form were associated with damage to the right middle temporal gyrus, whereas deficits in representing local features were linked to the left hemisphere lesions within calcarine cortex (extending into the cuneus and precuneus), the insula, and the TPJ. The current study provides strong evidence that impairments in separate cognitive mechanisms (e.g., spatial coding, attention, motor execution, and planning) linked to different brain lesions contribute to poor performance on complex figure copying tasks. The data support the argument that drawing depends on several cognitive processes operating via discrete neuronal networks and that constructional problems as well as hierarchical and spatial representation deficits contribute to poor figure copying.
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20
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Koenraads Y, van der Linden DCP, van Schooneveld MMJ, Imhof SM, Gosselaar PH, Porro GL, Braun KPJ. Visual function and compensatory mechanisms for hemianopia after hemispherectomy in children. Epilepsia 2014; 55:909-17. [PMID: 24754334 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Koenraads
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique M. J. van Schooneveld
- Department of Pediatric Psychology; Sector Neuropsychology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M. Imhof
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - P. H. Gosselaar
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio L. Porro
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Kees P. J. Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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21
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Baumann O, Mattingley JB. Dissociable roles of the hippocampus and parietal cortex in processing of coordinate and categorical spatial information. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:73. [PMID: 24596551 PMCID: PMC3925887 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that spatial relationships and spatial information are critically involved in the formation of cognitive maps. It remains unclear, however, which properties of the world are explicitly encoded and how these properties might contribute to the formation of such maps. It has been proposed that spatial relations are encoded either categorically, such that the relative positions of objects are defined in prepositional terms; or as visual coordinates, such that the precise distances between objects are represented. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies suggests that distinct neural circuits might underlie categorical and coordinate representations of object locations during active spatial navigation. Here we review evidence for the hypothesis that the hippocampal formation is crucial for encoding coordinate information, whereas the parietal cortex is crucial for encoding categorical spatial information. Our short review provides a novel view regarding the functions and potential interactions of these two regions during active spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baumann
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia ; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia
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22
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Holden MP, Duff-Canning SJ, Hampson E. Sex differences in the weighting of metric and categorical information in spatial location memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 79:1-18. [PMID: 24435543 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the Category Adjustment model, remembering a spatial location involves the Bayesian combination of fine-grained and categorical information about that location, with each cue weighted by its relative certainty. However, individuals may differ in terms of their certainty about each cue, resulting in estimates that rely more or less on metric or categorical representations. To date, though, very little research has examined individual differences in the relative weighting of these cues in spatial location memory. Here, we address this gap in the literature. Participants were asked to recall point locations in uniform geometric shapes and in photographs of complex, natural scenes. Error patterns were analyzed for evidence of a sex difference in the relative use of metric and categorical information. As predicted, women placed relatively more emphasis on categorical cues, while men relied more heavily on metric information. Location reproduction tasks showed a similar effect, implying that the sex difference arises early in spatial processing, possibly during encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Holden
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada,
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23
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Franciotti R, D’Ascenzo S, Di Domenico A, Onofrj M, Tommasi L, Laeng B. Focusing narrowly or broadly attention when judging categorical and coordinate spatial relations: a MEG study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83434. [PMID: 24386197 PMCID: PMC3873295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured activity in the dorsal system of the human cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a matching-to-sample plus cueing paradigm, where participants judged the occurrence of changes in either categorical or coordinate spatial relations (e.g., exchanges of left versus right positions or changes in the relative distances) between images of pairs of animals. The attention window was primed in each trial to be either small or large by using cues that immediately preceded the matching image. In this manner, we could assess the modulatory effects of the scope of attention on the activity of the dorsal system of the human cortex during spatial relations processing. The MEG measurements revealed that large spatial cues yielded greater activations and longer peak latencies in the right inferior parietal lobe for coordinate trials, whereas small cues yielded greater activations and longer peak latencies in the left inferior parietal lobe for categorical trials. The activity in the superior parietal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, and visual cortex, was also modulated by the size of the spatial cues and by the type of spatial relation change. The present results support the theory that the lateralization of each kind of spatial processing hinges on differences in the sizes of regions of space attended to by the two hemispheres. In addition, the present findings are inconsistent with the idea of a right-hemispheric dominance for all kinds of challenging spatial tasks, since response times and accuracy rates showed that the categorical spatial relation task was more difficult than the coordinate task and the cortical activations were overall greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefania D’Ascenzo
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Territory, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruno Laeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Suegami T, Laeng B. A left cerebral hemisphere’s superiority in processing spatial-categorical information in a non-verbal semantic format. Brain Cogn 2013; 81:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Intermixed structure of voxels with different hemispheric characteristics in the fusiform face area. Neuroreport 2013; 24:53-7. [PMID: 23222657 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32835c369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fusiform face area, a high-level visual area, is pivotal in processing facial information. This area receives inputs from the left and right visual fields unlike the primary visual area, which only receives inputs from its contralateral visual field. Response of the fusiform face area to ipsilateral stimulation depends on the signals crossing over at the corpus callosum. We investigated the distribution of voxel-wise activation to determine whether ipsilateral-dominant voxels exist in the fusiform face area using high spatial resolution functional MRI at 7 T. We further examined the possible functional differences between ipsilateral-dominant and contralateral-dominant voxels. By unilateral visual field stimulation, we detected ipsilateral-dominant voxels in the right fusiform face area. Their distribution was spatially heterogeneous. We tested upright and inverted facial stimulation confined to unilateral visual fields and found that these ipsilateral-dominant voxels had a different functional nature from contralateral-dominant voxels.
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Palermo L, Ranieri G, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Nemmi F, Guariglia C. Map-following skills in left and right brain-damaged patients with and without hemineglect. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012; 34:1065-79. [PMID: 23036103 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.727385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Roseberry S, Göksun T, Hirsh-Pasek K, Golinkoff RM. Carving Categories in a Continuous World: Preverbal Infants Discriminate Categorical Changes Before Distance Changes in Dynamic Events. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2011.564338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Tommasi L, Laeng B. Psychology of spatial cognition. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2012; 3:565-580. [PMID: 26305266 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this overview, focusing on memory and higher cognitive processes, we cover some of the most relevant results that emerged from research on spatial cognition in animals and in humans in the last 3 decades. In particular, we discuss how representations of distance and direction are used to localize oneself with respect to the external world, to determine the position of objects with respect to each other, and to compute the position of invisible goals. The role of landmarks and environmental geometry as cues for extracting spatial information in such abilities is compared, and the reliance upon self-centered and external frames of reference is discussed. Moreover, the contribution of working memory and processing strategies in forming representations of spatial relations in humans is presented. Finally, implications for some neighboring fields of the cognitive sciences will be outlined. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1198 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tommasi
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruno Laeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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The roles of categorical and coordinate spatial relations in recognizing buildings. Atten Percept Psychophys 2012; 74:1732-41. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-012-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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van der Ham IJM, Borst G. The nature of categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing: An interference study. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 23:922-930. [PMID: 22905316 DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2011.586780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Spatial relation information can be encoded in two different ways: categorically, which is abstract, and coordinately, which is metric. Although categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing is commonly conceived as relying on spatial representations and spatial cognitive processes, some suggest that representations and cognitive processes involved in categorical spatial relation processing can be verbal as well as spatial. We assessed the extent to which categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing engages verbal and spatial representations and processes using a dual-task paradigm. Participants performed the classical dot-bar paradigm and simultaneously performed either a spatial tapping task, or an articulatory suppression task. When participants were requested to tap blocks in a given pattern (spatial tapping), their performance decreased in both the categorical and coordinate tasks compared to a control condition without interference. In contrast, articulatory suppression did not affect performance in either spatial relation task. A follow-up experiment indicated that this outcome could not be attributed to different levels of difficulty of the two interference tasks. These results provide strong evidence that both coordinate and categorical spatial relation processing relies mainly on spatial mechanisms. These findings have implications for theories on why categorical and coordinate spatial relations processing are lateralized in the brain.
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31
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Frames of reference and categorical and coordinate spatial relations: a hierarchical organisation. Exp Brain Res 2011; 214:587-95. [PMID: 21912930 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This research is about the role of categorical and coordinate spatial relations and allocentric and egocentric frames of reference in processing spatial information. To this end, we asked whether spatial information is firstly encoded with respect to a frame of reference or with respect to categorical/coordinate spatial relations. Participants had to judge whether two vertical bars appeared on the same side (categorical) or at the same distance (coordinate) with respect to the centre of a horizontal bar (allocentric) or with respect to their body midline (egocentric). The key manipulation was the timing of the instructions: one instruction (reference frame or spatial relation) was given before stimulus presentation, the other one after. If spatial processing requires egocentric/allocentric encoding before coordinate/categorical encoding, then spatial judgements should be facilitated when the frame of reference is specified in advance. In contrast, if categorical and coordinate dimensions are primary, then a facilitation should appear when the spatial relation is specified in advance. Results showed that participants were more accurate and faster when the reference frame rather than the type of spatial relation was provided before stimulus presentation. Furthermore, a selective facilitation was found for coordinate and categorical judgements after egocentric and allocentric cues, respectively. These results suggest a hierarchical structure of spatial information processing where reference frames play a primary role and selectively interact with subsequent processing of spatial relations.
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32
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van der Ham IJ, van Zandvoort MJ, Frijns CJ, Kappelle LJ, Postma A. Hemispheric differences in spatial relation processing in a scene perception task: A neuropsychological study. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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YOU XQ, LI J. Coordinate Spatial Relations Processing Based on Representation of Parameters. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2010.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ruotolo F, van der Ham IJM, Iachini T, Postma A. The relationship between allocentric and egocentric frames of reference and categorical and coordinate spatial information processing. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2011; 64:1138-56. [PMID: 21271464 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2010.539700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report two experiments on the relationship between allocentric/egocentric frames of reference and categorical/coordinate spatial relations. Jager and Postma (2003) suggest two theoretical possibilities about their relationship: categorical judgements are better when combined with an allocentric reference frame and coordinate judgements with an egocentric reference frame (interaction hypothesis); allocentric/egocentric and categorical/coordinate form independent dimensions (independence hypothesis). Participants saw stimuli comprising two vertical bars (targets), one above and the other below a horizontal bar. They had to judge whether the targets appeared on the same side (categorical) or at the same distance (coordinate) with respect either to their body-midline (egocentric) or to the centre of the horizontal bar (allocentric). The results from Experiment 1 showed a facilitation in the allocentric and categorical conditions. In line with the independence hypothesis, no interaction effect emerged. To see whether the results were affected by the visual salience of the stimuli, in Experiment 2 the luminance of the horizontal bar was reduced. As a consequence, a significant interaction effect emerged indicating that categorical judgements were more accurate than coordinate ones, and especially so in the allocentric condition. Furthermore, egocentric judgements were as accurate as allocentric ones with a specific improvement when combined with coordinate spatial relations. The data from Experiment 2 showed that the visual salience of stimuli affected the relationship between allocentric/egocentric and categorical/coordinate dimensions. This suggests that the emergence of a selective interaction between the two dimensions may be modulated by the characteristics of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ruotolo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive and clinical evolution of post-acute stroke patients and the evolution of each Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item. A longitudinal study was conducted with 42 poststroke individuals in rehabilitation. The MMSE and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were used to assess cognition and stroke severity. Significant evolution in MMSE was found only for schooled individuals, total MMSE (P=0.008), spatial orientation (P=0.010) and language (P=0.010). Significant improvement was observed in clinical severity for both schooled and illiterate individuals (P<0.001). Relation between cognitive and clinical evolution showed significance only for the schooled individuals (r=-0.47; P=0.01). These findings showed a favorable improvement in the cognitive evolution of poststroke schooled individuals in the first 6 months, in addition to a relationship between clinical severity and cognition, and evidenced the necessity of cognitive rehabilitation.
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Rahman Q, Newland C, Smyth BM. Sexual orientation and spatial position effects on selective forms of object location memory. Brain Cogn 2010; 75:217-24. [PMID: 21134708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated robust sex and sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory in humans. Here we show that this sexual variation may depend on the spatial position of target objects and the task-specific nature of the spatial array. We tested the recovery of object locations in three object arrays (object exchanges, object shifts, and novel objects) relative to veridical center (left compared to right side of the arrays) in a sample of 35 heterosexual men, 35 heterosexual women, and 35 homosexual men. Relative to heterosexual men, heterosexual women showed better location recovery in the right side of the array during object exchanges and homosexual men performed better in the right side during novel objects. However, the difference between heterosexual and homosexual men disappeared after controlling for IQ. Heterosexual women and homosexual men did not differ significantly from each other in location change detection with respect to task or side of array. These data suggest that visual space biases in processing categorical spatial positions may enhance aspects of object location memory in heterosexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Rahman
- Biological and Experimental Psychology Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
A group of left-handers, approaching the piano for the first time, showed better performance in playing a reversed keyboard (where the pitch decreased from left to right) than a normal keyboard. By testing a separate group of "experienced" left-handers, it was also found that this observed preference that naive left-handers had for the reversed keyboard can disappear with a few years of practice on a normal keyboard. The initial preference for the reversed keyboard shown by left-handers appeared to be specific for this handedness group, as groups of right-handers, regardless of their level of experience with the piano, performed better with the regular keyboard. Finally, based on these results it was hypothesised that left-handers would encounter considerable frustration in learning the "right-handed" piano. However, an informal demographic study of piano students enrolling at a school of music did not reveal a substantially low prevalence of left-handed pianists.
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Laeng B, Okubo M, Saneyoshi A, Michimata C. Processing Spatial Relations With Different Apertures of Attention. Cogn Sci 2010; 35:297-329. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Kemmerer D, Tranel D. A DOUBLE DISSOCIATION BETWEEN LINGUISTIC AND PERCEPTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS. Cogn Neuropsychol 2010; 17:393-414. [PMID: 20945188 DOI: 10.1080/026432900410766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kemmerer
- a University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- a University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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40
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Okubo M, Laeng B, Saneyoshi A, Michimata C. Exogenous attention differentially modulates the processing of categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2010; 135:1-11. [PMID: 20441992 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrasco and her colleagues have suggested that exogenous attention reduces the size of receptive fields at an attended location (Gobell & Carrasco, 2005; Yeshurun & Carrasco, 1998, 2000). Based on the hypothesis that categorical and coordinate spatial relations are more efficiently processed by smaller and larger receptive fields, respectively, we predicted that exogenous attention would be more beneficial to the processing of categorical spatial relations than coordinate spatial relations while it would disrupt the processing of coordinate spatial relations. To test these hypotheses, participants were tested using a variant of Posner's (1980) attentional cueing paradigm. Exogenous attention produced larger facilitative effects on categorical spatial processing than on coordinate spatial processing at a short cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (100 ms, Experiment 1, N=28), and this result was replicated regardless of cue size in Experiment 2 (N=24). When the coordinate judgment was sufficiently difficult, exogenous attention disrupted the processing of coordinate spatial relations (Experiment 3, N=28). These findings indicate that exogenous attention can differentially modulate the processing of categorical and coordinate spatial relations.
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Abstract
Studies in semantics traditionally focus on knowledge of objects. By contrast, less is known about how objects relate to each other. In an fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that the neural processing of categorical spatial relations between objects is distinct from the processing of the identity of objects. Attending to the categorical spatial relations compared with attending to the identity of objects resulted in greater activity in superior and inferior parietal cortices (especially on the left) and posterior middle frontal cortices bilaterally. In an accompanying lesion study, we tested the hypothesis that comparable areas would be necessary to represent categorical spatial relations and that the hemispheres differ in their biases to process categorical or coordinate spatial relations. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping results were consistent with the fMRI observations. Damage to a network comprising left inferior frontal, supramarginal, and angular gyri resulted in behavioral impairment on categorical spatial judgments. Homologous right brain damage also produced such deficits, albeit less severely. The reverse pattern was observed for coordinate spatial processing. Right brain damage to the middle temporal gyrus produced more severe deficits than left hemisphere damage. Additional analyses suggested that some areas process both kinds of spatial relations conjointly and others distinctly. The left angular and inferior frontal gyrus processes coordinate spatial information over and above the categorical processing. The anterior superior temporal gyrus appears to process categorical spatial information uniquely. No areas within the right hemisphere processed categorical spatial information uniquely. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional neuroanatomy of categorical and coordinate processing is more nuanced than implied by a simple hemispheric dichotomy.
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Borst G, Kosslyn SM. Varying the scope of attention alters the encoding of categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2769-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franklin A, Catherwood D, Alvarez J, Axelsson E. Hemispheric asymmetries in categorical perception of orientation in infants and adults. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2648-57. [PMID: 20519136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Orientation CP is the faster or more accurate discrimination of two orientations from different categories (e.g., oblique1 and vertical1) compared to two orientations from the same category (e.g., oblique1 and oblique2), even when the degree of difference is equated across conditions. Here, we assess whether there are hemispheric asymmetries in this effect for adults and 5-month-old infants. Experiment 1 identified the location of the vertical-oblique category boundary. Experiment 2, using a visual search task with oriented lines found that adult search was more accurate when the target and distractors were from different orientation categories, compared to targets and distractors of an equivalent physical difference taken from the same category. This effect was stronger for targets lateralized to the left visual field (LVF) than the right visual field (RVF), indicating a right hemisphere (RH) bias in adult orientation CP. Experiment 3, replicated the RH bias using different stimuli and also investigated the impact of visual and verbal interference on the category effect. Experiment 4, using the same visual search task, found that infant search was also faster when the target and distractors were from different orientation categories than the same, yet this category effect was stronger for RVF than LVF lateralized targets, indicating a LH bias in orientation CP at 5 months. These findings are contrasted to equivalent studies on the lateralization of color CP (e.g., Gilbert, Regier, Kay, & Ivry, 2005). The implications for theories on the contribution of the left and right hemispheres of the infant and adult brain to categorical computations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franklin
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5XH, England, United Kingdom.
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Slotnick SD. Synchronous retinotopic frontal-temporal activity during long-term memory for spatial location. Brain Res 2010; 1330:89-100. [PMID: 20307512 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early visual areas in occipital cortex are known to be retinotopic. Recently, retinotopic maps have been reported in frontal and parietal cortex during spatial attention and working memory. The present event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study determined whether spatial long-term memory was associated with retinotopic activity in frontal and parietal regions, and assessed whether retinotopic activity in these higher level control regions was synchronous with retinotopic activity in lower level visual sensory regions. During encoding, abstract shapes were presented to the left or right of fixation. During retrieval, old and new shapes were presented at fixation and participants classified each shape as old and previously on the "left", old and previously on the "right", or "new". Retinotopic effects were manifested by accurate memory for items previously presented on the left producing activity in the right hemisphere and accurate memory for items previously presented on the right producing activity in the left hemisphere. Retinotopic ERP activity was observed in frontal regions and visual sensory (occipital and temporal) regions. In frontal cortex, retinotopic fMRI activity was localized to the frontal eye fields. There were no significant ERP or fMRI retinotopic memory effects in parietal regions. The present long-term memory retinotopic effects complement previous spatial attention and working memory findings (and suggest retinotopic activity in parietal cortex may require an external peripheral stimulus). Furthermore, ERP cross-correlogram analysis revealed that retinotopic activations in frontal and temporal regions were synchronous, indicating that these regions interact during retrieval of spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Kosslyn SM, Chabris CF, Baker DP. Neural Network Models as Evidence for Different Types of Visual Representations. Cogn Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1207/s15516709cog1904_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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van der Ham IJ, Raemaekers M, van Wezel RJ, Oleksiak A, Postma A. Categorical and coordinate spatial relations in working memory: An fMRI study. Brain Res 2009; 1297:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Struiksma ME, Noordzij ML, Postma A. What is the link between language and spatial images? Behavioral and neural findings in blind and sighted individuals. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2009; 132:145-56. [PMID: 19457462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find objects or places in the world, multiple sources of information, such as visual input, auditory input and asking for directions, can help you. These different sources of information can be converged into a spatial image, which represents configurational characteristics of the world. This paper discusses the findings on the nature of spatial images and the role of spatial language in generating these spatial images in both blind and sighted individuals. Congenitally blind individuals have never experienced visual input, yet they are able to perform several tasks traditionally associated with spatial imagery, such as mental scanning, mental pathway completions and mental clock time comparison, though perhaps not always in a similar manner as sighted. Therefore, they offer invaluable insights into the exact nature of spatial images. We will argue that spatial imagery exceeds the input from different input modalities to form an abstract mental representation while maintaining connections with the input modalities. This suggests that the nature of spatial images is supramodal, which can explain functional equivalent results from verbal and perceptual inputs for spatial situations and subtle to moderate behavioral differences between the blind and sighted.
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48
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van Asselen M, Kessels RPC, Frijns CJM, Kappelle LJ, Neggers SFW, Postma A. Object-location memory: a lesion-behavior mapping study in stroke patients. Brain Cogn 2009; 71:287-94. [PMID: 19733953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Object-location memory is an important form of spatial memory, comprising different subcomponents that each process specific types of information within memory, i.e. remembering objects, remembering positions and binding these features in memory. In the current study we investigated the neural correlates of binding categorical (relative) or coordinate (exact) position information with objects in memory. Therefore, an object-location memory battery was used, including different task conditions assessing object-location memory, i.e. memory for position information per se, and binding object information with coordinate and categorical position information. Sixty-one stroke patients with focal brain lesions were examined and compared with 77 healthy matched controls. The lesion subtraction method was used to define the area of overlap. Results indicate an important role of the left posterior parietal cortex in the binding of both categorical and coordinate positions with object information. Additionally, the hippocampus seems important for categorical object-location memory. This suggests that categorical and coordinate object-location memory depend on similar cognitive and neural systems.
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Goldenberg G. Apraxia and the parietal lobes. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:1449-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Lateralization of egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions. Brain Cogn 2009; 69:514-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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