1
|
Sullivan MA, Fritch HA, Slotnick SD. Spatial memory encoding is associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampus: An fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Hippocampus 2024. [PMID: 39150234 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that differential processing occurs along the longitudinal (anterior-posterior) axis of the hippocampus. One hypothesis is that spatial memory (during both encoding and retrieval) is associated with the posterior hippocampus. An alternative hypothesis is that memory encoding (either spatial or nonspatial) is associated with the anterior hippocampus and memory retrieval is associated with the posterior hippocampus. Of importance, during spatial memory encoding, the spatial-posterior hypothesis predicts posterior hippocampal involvement, whereas the encoding-retrieval hypothesis predicts anterior hippocampal involvement. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we conducted a coordinate-based fMRI activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 26 studies (with a total of 435 participants) that reported hippocampal activity during spatial memory encoding and/or spatial memory retrieval. Both spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced extensive activity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal cortex, and the parahippocampal cortex. Critically, the contrast of spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced activations in both the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus. That spatial memory encoding produced activity in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus can be taken to reject strict forms of the spatial-posterior hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of spatial memory produce activity in the posterior hippocampus, and the encoding-retrieval hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of encoding versus retrieval produce activity in only the anterior hippocampus. Our results indicate that spatial memory encoding can involve the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Sullivan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley A Fritch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nie A, Guo B. Differentiating the DF effect in episodic memory: evaluating the contribution of the procedures of collaborative memory. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:223-270. [PMID: 37671532 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2252133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Existing research has demonstrated a significant directed forgetting (DF) effect in memory. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon would occur in the context of interpersonal collaboration. Additionally, the contribution of emotional valence to the DF effect in item memory and source memory (which are subtypes of episodic memory) also needs to be explored. To address these issues, we conducted two experiments that combined the collaborative memory paradigm with the item-method procedure of DF. In both experiments, positive, neutral, or negative words were presented as stimuli, each followed by an R/F cue during encoding. We conducted two recalls, labeled Recall 1 and Recall 2, which consisted of both memory tasks. Recall 1 was performed either individually or collaboratively, whereas Recall 2 was done individually. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 adopted the free-flowing procedure and the turn-taking procedure of collaborative memory, respectively. We obtained three implications from our current findings. (a) The occurrence of the DF effect in item memory was found regardless of the procedure of collaborative memory, and it was insensitive to the emotional valence of words or to whether participants had collaborated or not. These patterns demonstrate that both the mechanisms of elaborative rehearsal and active suppression/encoding blocking were engaged across words of different emotional valences and in nominal and collaborative circumstances. (b) In source memory, the DF effect showed different patterns in ongoing and post-collaborative memory, which underpins the dual-process models. (c) The amplitude of the DF effect was sensitive to the interaction of emotional valence by the status of collaboration, and the impact of collaboration differed between the two experiments, offering telling evidence of different aspects of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis (RSDH). Directions for identifying more influential factors are put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Nie
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Foudil SA, Macaluso E. The influence of the precuneus on the medial temporal cortex determines the subjective quality of memory during the retrieval of naturalistic episodes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7943. [PMID: 38575698 PMCID: PMC10995201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory retrieval entails dynamic interactions between the medial temporal lobe and areas in the parietal and frontal cortices. Here, we tested the hypothesis that effective connectivity between the precuneus, in the medial parietal cortex, and the medial temporal cortex contributes to the subjective quality of remembering objects together with information about their rich spatio-temporal encoding context. During a 45 min encoding session, the participants were presented with pictures of objects while they actively explored a virtual town. The following day, under fMRI, participants were presented with images of objects and had to report whether: they recognized the object and could remember the place/time of encoding, the object was familiar only, or the object was new. The hippocampus/parahippocampus, the precuneus and the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex activated when the participants successfully recognized objects they had seen in the virtual town and reported that they could remember the place/time of these events. Analyses of effective connectivity showed that the influence exerted by the precuneus on the medial temporal cortex mediates this effect of episodic recollection. Our findings demonstrate the role of the inter-regional connectivity in mediating the subjective experience of remembering and underline the relevance of studying memory in contextually-rich conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy-Adrien Foudil
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), U1028 UMR5292, IMPACT, 69500, Bron, France.
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (ImpAct Team), 16 Avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Emiliano Macaluso
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), U1028 UMR5292, IMPACT, 69500, Bron, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (ImpAct Team), 16 Avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ben-Zvi Feldman S, Soroker N, Levy DA. Lesion-behavior mapping indicates a strategic role for parietal substrates of associative memory. Cortex 2023; 167:148-166. [PMID: 37562150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies indicate that ventral parietal cortex (VPC), especially angular gyrus, plays an important role in episodic memory. However, the nature of the mnemonic processes supported by this region is far from clear. We previously found that stroke lesions in VPC and lateral temporal cortex caused deficits in cued recall of unimodal word pairs and picture pairs, and cross-modal picture-sound pairs, with larger deficits in the cross-modal task. However, those findings leave open the question whether those regions' integrity is necessary for maintenance of associative representations, or for strategic processes required for their recall. We addressed this question using associative recognition versions of those tasks. We additionally manipulated semantic relatedness of the associated memoranda, to assess VPC's involvement in semantic processing in the context of episodic memory. We analyzed performance of 62 first-event, sub-acute phase stroke patients (31 right- and 31 left-hemisphere damage) relative to 65 healthy participants, and employed voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping (VLBM) to identify task-relevant structures. Patients displayed greater false associative recognition of semantically related compared to unrelated recombined pairs. VLBM analysis implicated right lateral temporo-parietal regions in associative recognition deficits in the cross-modal pairs task, specifically for related recombined and new pairs, seemingly because of difficulty overcoming semantic relatedness bias effects on episodic discrimination. In contrast, damage to ventral parietal and lateral temporal cortex was not implicated in memory for unrelated memoranda. We interpret this pattern of lesion-behavior effects as indicating lateral temporo-parietal cortex involvement in strategic, rather than representational, roles in episodic associative memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Ben-Zvi Feldman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Nachum Soroker
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Loewenstein Rehabilitation Medical Center, Raanana, Israel
| | - Daniel A Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sweatman H, Lewis-de los Angeles CP, Zhang J, de los Angeles C, Ofen N, Gabrieli JDE, Chai XJ. Development of the neural correlates of recollection. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6028-6037. [PMID: 36520501 PMCID: PMC10183736 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recollection of past events has been associated with the core recollection network comprising the posterior medial temporal lobe and parietal regions, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The development of the brain basis for recollection is understudied. In a sample of adults (n = 22; 18-25 years) and children (n = 23; 9-13 years), the present study aimed to address this knowledge gap using a cued recall paradigm, known to elicit recollection experience. Successful recall was associated with activations in regions of the core recollection network and frontoparietal network. Adults exhibited greater successful recall activations compared with children in the precuneus and right angular gyrus. In contrast, similar levels of successful recall activations were observed in both age groups in the mPFC. Group differences were also seen in the hippocampus and lateral frontal regions. These findings suggest that the engagement of the mPFC in episodic retrieval may be relatively early maturing, whereas the contribution to episodic retrieval of more posterior regions such as the precuneus and angular gyrus undergoes more protracted maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sweatman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - C Paula Lewis-de los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Carlo de los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology and the Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry Street, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 524 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoqian J Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim H. Neural correlates of paired associate recollection: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148200. [PMID: 36513138 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging data on paired associate recollection have expanded over the years, raising the need for an integrative understanding of the literature. The present study performed a quantitative meta-analysis of the data to fulfill that need. The meta-analysis focused on the three most widely used types of activation contrast: Hit > Miss, Intact > Rearranged, and Memory > Perception. The major results were as follows. First, the Hit > Miss contrast mainly involved regions in the default mode network (DMN)/medial temporal lobe (MTL), likely reflecting a greater amount of retrieved information during the Hit than Miss trials. Second, the Intact > Rearranged contrast mainly involved regions in the DMN/MTL, supporting the view that rejecting recombination foils is based on familiarity with the component parts in the absence of recollection. Third, the Memory > Perception contrast primarily involved regions in the frontoparietal control network, likely reflecting the greater demands on controlled processing during Memory than Perception conditions. Fourth, the subcortical clusters included the amygdala, caudate nucleus/putamen, and mediodorsal thalamus regions, suggesting that these regions are components of the neural circuits supporting associative recollection. Finally, comparisons with previous meta-analyses suggested that associative recollection involves the DMN regions more strongly than source recollection but less strongly than subjective recollection. In conclusion, this study contributes uniquely to the growing literature on paired associate recollection by clarifying the convergent findings and differences among studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Together we lose or gain: Ongoing and enduring impacts of collaboration in episodic memory of emotional DRM lists. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Frank D, Kafkas A, Montaldi D. Experiencing Surprise: The Temporal Dynamics of Its Impact on Memory. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6435-6444. [PMID: 35803733 PMCID: PMC9398538 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1783-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To efficiently process information, the brain shifts between encoding and retrieval states, prioritizing bottom-up or top-down processing accordingly. Expectation violation before or during learning has been shown to trigger an adaptive encoding mechanism, resulting in better memory for unexpected events. Using fMRI, we explored (1) whether this encoding mechanism is also triggered during retrieval, and if so, (2) what the temporal dynamics of its mnemonic consequences are. Male and female participants studied object images, then, with new objects, they learned a contingency between a cue and a semantic category. Rule-abiding (expected) and violating (unexpected) targets and similar foils were used at test. We found interactions between previous and current similar events' expectation, such that when an expected event followed a similar but unexpected event, its performance was boosted, underpinned by activation in the hippocampus, midbrain, and occipital cortex. In contrast, a sequence of two unexpected similar events also triggered occipital engagement; however, this did not enhance memory performance. Taken together, our findings suggest that when the goal is to retrieve, encountering surprising events engages an encoding mechanism, supported by bottom-up processing, that may enhance memory for future related events.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Optimizing the balance between new learning and the retrieval of existing knowledge is an ongoing process, at the core of human cognition. Previous research into memory encoding suggests experiencing surprise leads to the prioritization of the learning of new memories, forming an adaptive encoding mechanism. We examined whether this mechanism is also engaged when the current goal is to retrieve information. Our results demonstrate that an expectation-driven shift toward an encoding state, supported by enhanced perceptual processing, is beneficial for the correct identification of subsequent expected similar events. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the adaptive encoding of information into memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darya Frank
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Alex Kafkas
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Montaldi
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neural reactivation and judgements of vividness reveal separable contributions to mnemonic representation. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119205. [PMID: 35427774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic representations vary in fidelity, sharpness, and strength-qualities that can be examined using both introspective judgements of mental states and objective measures of brain activity. Subjective and objective measures are both valid ways of "reading out" the content of someone's internal mnemonic states, each with different strengths and weaknesses. St-Laurent and colleagues (2015) compared the neural correlates of memory vividness ratings with patterns of neural reactivation evoked during memory recall and found considerable overlap between the two, suggesting a common neural basis underlying these different markers of representational quality. Here we extended this work with meta-analytic methods by pooling together four neuroimaging datasets in order to contrast the neural substrates of neural reactivation and those of vividness judgements. While reactivation and vividness judgements correlated positively with one another and were associated with common univariate activity in the dorsal attention network and anterior hippocampus, some notable differences were also observed. Vividness judgments were tied to stronger activation in the striatum and dorsal attention network, together with activity suppression in default mode network nodes. We also observed a trend for reactivation to be more closely associated with early visual cortex activity. A mediation analysis found support for the hypothesis that neural reactivation is necessary for memory vividness, with activity in the anterior hippocampus associated with greater reactivation. Our results suggest that neural reactivation and vividness judgements reflect common mnemonic processes but differ in the extent to which they engage effortful, attentional processes. Additionally, the similarity between reactivation and vividness appears to arise, partly, through hippocampal engagement during memory retrieval.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bouyeure A, Bekha D, Patil S, Hertz-Pannier L, Noulhiane M. OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac004. [PMID: 35261977 PMCID: PMC8895309 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-function relationship between white matter microstructure and episodic memory (EM) has been poorly studied in the developing brain, particularly in early childhood. Previous studies in adolescents and adults have shown that episodic memory recall is associated with prefrontal-limbic white matter microstructure. It is unknown whether this association is also observed during early ontogeny. Here, we investigated the association between prefrontal-limbic tract microstructure and EM performance in a cross-sectional sample of children aged 4 to 12 years. We used a multivariate partial least squares correlation approach to extract tract-specific latent variables representing shared information between age and diffusion parameters describing tract microstructure. Individual projections onto these latent variables describe patterns of interindividual differences in tract maturation that can be interpreted as scores of white matter tract microstructural maturity. Using these estimates of microstructural maturity, we showed that maturity scores of the uncinate fasciculus and dorsal cingulum bundle correlated with distinct measures of EM recall. Furthermore, the association between tract maturity scores and EM recall was comparable between younger and older children. Our results provide new evidence on the relation between white matter maturity and EM performance during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bouyeure
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Dhaif Bekha
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sandesh Patil
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR1141, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
- Corresponding author: UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Treder MS, Charest I, Michelmann S, Martín-Buro MC, Roux F, Carceller-Benito F, Ugalde-Canitrot A, Rollings DT, Sawlani V, Chelvarajah R, Wimber M, Hanslmayr S, Staresina BP. The hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2114171118. [PMID: 34880133 PMCID: PMC8685930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive memory recall requires a rapid and flexible switch from external perceptual reminders to internal mnemonic representations. However, owing to the limited temporal or spatial resolution of brain imaging modalities used in isolation, the hippocampal-cortical dynamics supporting this process remain unknown. We thus employed an object-scene cued recall paradigm across two studies, including intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and high-density scalp EEG. First, a sustained increase in hippocampal high gamma power (55 to 110 Hz) emerged 500 ms after cue onset and distinguished successful vs. unsuccessful recall. This increase in gamma power for successful recall was followed by a decrease in hippocampal alpha power (8 to 12 Hz). Intriguingly, the hippocampal gamma power increase marked the moment at which extrahippocampal activation patterns shifted from perceptual cue toward mnemonic target representations. In parallel, source-localized EEG alpha power revealed that the recall signal progresses from hippocampus to posterior parietal cortex and then to medial prefrontal cortex. Together, these results identify the hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory and elucidate the ensuing hippocampal-cortical dynamics supporting the recall process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Treder
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Charest
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- cerebrUM, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 259, Canada
| | - Sebastian Michelmann
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - María Carmen Martín-Buro
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, King Juan Carlos University 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Roux
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arturo Ugalde-Canitrot
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz 28046 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - David T Rollings
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurophysiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Sawlani
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neuroradiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Ramesh Chelvarajah
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosurgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Wimber
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hanslmayr
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evidence supporting a time-limited hippocampal role in retrieving autobiographical memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023069118. [PMID: 33723070 PMCID: PMC8000197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023069118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is central to healthy memory function, yet its necessity for remembering events from the distant past remains unclear. Prominent hypotheses alternatively suggest a time-limited or an indefinite role. fMRI evidence, typically based on silent in-scanner recall, has been equivocal, possibly because it provides sparse information of the content being remembered. Here, we asked fMRI participants to verbally describe recent and remote memories. After accounting for neural activity associated with the moment-to-moment memory content of recalled memories, we observed a temporally graded pattern of activity within the posterior hippocampus and found that recent—but not remote—event recall significantly activated the hippocampus relative to a non-autobiographical control task. Our findings support a time-limited hippocampal role in autobiographical memory. The necessity of the human hippocampus for remote autobiographical recall remains fiercely debated. The standard model of consolidation predicts a time-limited role for the hippocampus, but the competing multiple trace/trace transformation theories posit indefinite involvement. Lesion evidence remains inconclusive, and the inferences one can draw from functional MRI (fMRI) have been limited by reliance on covert (silent) recall, which obscures dynamic, moment-to-moment content of retrieved memories. Here, we capitalized on advances in fMRI denoising to employ overtly spoken recall. Forty participants retrieved recent and remote memories, describing each for approximately 2 min. Details associated with each memory were identified and modeled in the fMRI time-series data using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview procedure, and activity associated with the recall of recent and remote memories was then compared. Posterior hippocampal regions exhibited temporally graded activity patterns (recent events > remote events), as did several regions of frontal and parietal cortex. Consistent with predictions of the standard model, recall-related hippocampal activity differed from a non-autobiographical control task only for recent, and not remote, events. Task-based connectivity between posterior hippocampal regions and others associated with mental scene construction also exhibited a temporal gradient, with greater connectivity accompanying the recall of recent events. These findings support predictions of the standard model of consolidation and demonstrate the potential benefits of overt recall in neuroimaging experiments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wiesman AI, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Wilson TW. Stairway to memory: Left-hemispheric alpha dynamics index the progressive loading of items into a short-term store. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118024. [PMID: 33836267 PMCID: PMC8354033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The encoding, maintenance, and subsequent retrieval of memories over short time intervals is an essential cognitive function. Load effects on the neural dynamics supporting the maintenance of short-term memories have been well studied, but experimental design limitations have hindered the study of similar effects during the encoding of information into online memory stores. Theoretically, the active encoding of complex visual stimuli into memory must also recruit neural resources in a manner that scales with memory load. Understanding the neural systems supporting this encoding load effect is of particular importance, as some patient populations exhibit difficulties specifically with the encoding, and not the maintenance, of short-term memories. Using magnetoencephalography, a visual sequence memory paradigm, and a novel encoding slope analysis, we provide evidence for a left-lateralized network of regions, oscillating in the alpha frequency range, that exhibit a progressive loading effect of complex visual stimulus information during memory encoding. This progressive encoding load effect significantly tracked the eventual retrieval of item-order memories at the single trial level, and neural activity in these regions was functionally dissociated from that of earlier visual networks. These findings suggest that the active encoding of stimulus information into short-term stores recruits a left-lateralized network of frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, and might be susceptible to modulation (e.g., using non-invasive stimulation) in the alpha band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-8422, NE, United States.
| | - Nicholas J Christopher-Hayes
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-8422, NE, United States; Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W Wilson
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-8422, NE, United States; Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou W, Nie A, Xiao Y, Liu S, Deng C. Is color source retrieval sensitive to emotion? Electrophysiological evidence from old/new effects. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 210:103156. [PMID: 32801072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proved that item memory and source memory are two dissociable processes, as reflected by differential influence at behavioral and electrophysiological levels, the latter being evidenced by the ERP old/new effects. Specially for source memory, the retrieval of color source may be unique from recollecting other types of contextual information, which can be seen from the late posterior negativity (LPN). However, the mediation of emotional valence on the old/new effects for verbal stimuli encoded in colors remains unknown. Adopting words of three emotional valences (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative), with their displayed colors serving as sources, the current experiment aimed to explore the sensitivity of old/new effects to emotion for both item memory and source memory. Results demonstrated that: the FN400 that reflects familiarity was recorded and it was sensitive to emotional valence across both memory tasks; the mediation of emotional valence was absent in recollection-reflected LPC, neither for item memory nor for source memory; an association between LPN and color source retrieval was confirmed, with reliable amplitudes for neutral words but not for emotional words. These data were discussed in terms of the dual-process model and other accounts. Future research directions were recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Yueyue Xiao
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Can Deng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan RJ, Rugg MD, Lega BC. Direct brain recordings identify hippocampal and cortical networks that distinguish successful versus failed episodic memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107595. [PMID: 32871132 PMCID: PMC7554101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human data collected using noninvasive imaging techniques have established the importance of parietal regions towards episodic memory retrieval, including the angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex. Such regions comprise part of a putative core episodic retrieval network. In free recall, comparisons between contextually appropriate and inappropriate recall events (i.e. prior list intrusions) provide the opportunity to study memory retrieval networks supporting veridical recall, and existing findings predict that differences in electrical activity in these brain regions should be identified according to the accuracy of recall. However, prior iEEG studies, utilizing principally subdural grid electrodes, have not fully characterized brain activity in parietal regions during memory retrieval and have not examined connectivity between core recollection areas and the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Here, we employed a data set obtained from 100 human patients implanted with stereo EEG electrodes for seizure mapping purposes as they performed a free recall task. This data set allowed us to separately analyze activity in midline versus lateral parietal brain regions, and in anterior versus posterior hippocampus, to identify areas in which retrieval-related activity predicted the recollection of a correct versus an incorrect memory. With the wide coverage afforded by the stereo EEG approach, we were also able to examine interregional connectivity. Our key findings were that differences in gamma band activity in the angular gyrus, precuneus, posterior temporal cortex, and posterior (more than anterior) hippocampus discriminated accurate versus inaccurate recall as well as active retrieval versus memory search. The left angular gyrus exhibited a significant power decrease preceding list intrusions as well as unique phase-amplitude coupling properties, whereas the prefrontal cortex was unique in exhibiting a power increase during list intrusions. Analysis of connectivity revealed significant hemispheric asymmetry, with relatively sparse left-sided functional connections compared to the right hemisphere. One exception to this finding was elevated connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and left angular gyrus. This finding is interpreted as evidence for the engagement of prefrontal cortex in memory monitoring and mnemonic decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Joseph Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bein O, Reggev N, Maril A. Prior knowledge promotes hippocampal separation but cortical assimilation in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4590. [PMID: 32929067 PMCID: PMC7490707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An adaptive memory system rarely learns information tabula rasa, but rather builds on prior knowledge to facilitate learning. How prior knowledge influences the neural representation of novel associations remains unknown. Here, participants associated pairs of faces in two conditions: a famous, highly familiar face with a novel face or two novel faces while undergoing fMRI. We examine multivoxel activity patterns corresponding to individual faces before and after learning. The activity patterns representing members of famous-novel pairs becomes separated in the hippocampus, that is, more distinct from one another through learning, in striking contrast to paired novel faces that become similar. In the left inferior frontal gyrus, however, prior knowledge leads to integration, and in a specific direction: the representation of the novel face becomes similar to that of the famous face after learning, suggesting assimilation of new into old memories. We propose that hippocampal separation might resolve interference between existing and newly learned information, allowing cortical assimilation. Thus, associative learning with versus without prior knowledge relies on radically different computations. Prior knowledge strongly impacts new learning, but its influence on the neural representation of novel information is unknown. Here, the authors show multiple neural codes for learning: prior knowledge leads to integrated cortical representations, while promoting hippocampal separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bein
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Niv Reggev
- Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Shderot Ben Gurion, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Anat Maril
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel. .,Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ritchey M, Cooper RA. Deconstructing the Posterior Medial Episodic Network. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:451-465. [PMID: 32340798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to remember or imagine specific events involves the construction of complex mental representations, a process that engages cortical and hippocampal regions in a core posterior medial (PM) brain network. Existing theoretical approaches have described the overarching contributions of the PM network, but less is known about how episodic content is represented and transformed throughout this system. Here, we review evidence of key functional interactions among PM regions and their relation to the core cognitive operations and representations supporting episodic construction. Recent demonstrations of intranetwork functional diversity are integrated with existing accounts to inform a network-based model of episodic construction, in which PM regions flexibly share and manipulate event information to support the variable phenomenology of episodic memory and simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ritchey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 300 McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| | - Rose A Cooper
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 300 McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alpha Rhythms Reveal When and Where Item and Associative Memories Are Retrieved. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2510-2518. [PMID: 32034067 PMCID: PMC7083536 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1982-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories for past experiences can range from vague recognition to full-blown recall of associated details. Electroencephalography has shown that recall signals unfold a few hundred milliseconds after simple recognition, but has only provided limited insights into the underlying brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed a “core recollection network” (CRN) centered on posterior parietal and medial temporal lobe regions, but the temporal dynamics of these regions during retrieval remain largely unknown. Here we used Magnetoencephalography in a memory paradigm assessing correct rejection (CR) of lures, item recognition (IR) and associative recall (AR) in human participants of both sexes. We found that power decreases in the alpha frequency band (10–12 Hz) systematically track different mnemonic outcomes in both time and space: Over left posterior sensors, alpha power decreased in a stepwise fashion from 500 ms onward, first from CR to IR and then from IR to AR. When projecting alpha power into source space, the CRN known from fMRI studies emerged, including posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and hippocampus. While PPC showed a monotonic change across conditions, hippocampal effects were specific to recall. These region-specific effects were corroborated by a separate fMRI dataset. Importantly, alpha power time courses revealed a temporal dissociation between item and associative memory in hippocampus and PPC, with earlier AR effects in hippocampus. Our data thus link engagement of the CRN to the temporal dynamics of episodic memory and highlight the role of alpha rhythms in revealing when and where different types of memories are retrieved. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our ability to remember ranges from the vague feeling of familiarity to vivid recollection of associated details. Scientific understanding of episodic memory thus far relied upon separate lines of research focusing on either temporal (via electroencephalography) or spatial (via functional magnetic resonance imaging) dimensions. However, both techniques have limitations that have hindered understanding of when and where memories are retrieved. Capitalizing on the enhanced temporal and spatial resolution of magnetoencephalography, we show that changes in alpha power reveal both when and where different types of memory are retrieved. Having access to the temporal and spatial characteristics of successful retrieval provided new insights into the cross-regional dynamics in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.
Collapse
|
19
|
Neural correlates of retrieval-based enhancement of autobiographical memory in older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1447. [PMID: 31996715 PMCID: PMC6989450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelog photo review is considered to enhance the recall of personal events. While a sizable body of research has explored the neural basis of autobiographical memory (AM), there is limited neural evidence on the retrieval-based enhancement effect on event memory among older adults in the real-world environment. This study examined the neural processes of AM as was modulated by retrieval practice through lifelog photo review in older adults. In the experiment, blood-oxygen-level dependent response during subjects’ recall of recent events was recorded, where events were cued by photos that may or may not have been exposed to a priori retrieval practice (training). Subjects remembered more episodic details under the trained relative to non-trained condition. Importantly, the neural correlates of AM was exhibited by (1) dissociable cortical areas related to recollection and familiarity, and (2) a positive correlation between the amount of recollected episodic details and cortical activation within several lateral temporal and parietal regions. Further analysis of the brain activation pattern at a few regions of interest within the core remember network showed a training_condition × event_detail interaction effect, suggesting that the boosting effect of retrieval practice depended on the level of recollected event details.
Collapse
|
20
|
Buck S, Bastos F, Baldeweg T, Vargha-Khadem F. A Functional MRI Paradigm Suitable for Language and Memory Mapping in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1384. [PMID: 31998226 PMCID: PMC6966885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a technique frequently used to determine the territories of eloquent tissue that serve critical functions, such as language. This can be particularly useful as part of the pre-surgical assessment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in order to predict cognitive outcome and guide surgical decision-making. Whereas language fMRI is widely used, memory fMRI is less frequently employed in adult TLE, and lacking in childhood TLE. We have developed a combined language/memory fMRI paradigm that is suitable for children, to provide clinically useful information for surgical planning in pediatric TLE. We evaluated this paradigm in 28 healthy children, aged 8 to 18 years. The advantages of this paradigm are: (a) it examines the functional mapping of language and memory networks within one scanning session, (b) provides assessment of both memory encoding- and retrieval-related neural networks, (c) examines recall-based retrieval to engage hippocampal involvement compared to recognition-based retrieval, and (d) provides overt verbal responses to monitor in-scanner memory performance. This novel fMRI paradigm was designed for language and memory mapping in pediatric TLE and could provide clinically useful information for surgical planning. Finally, parallel versions of the paradigm allow the comparison of brain activations pre- and post-surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buck
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Bastos
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Buck S, Sidhu MK. A Guide to Designing a Memory fMRI Paradigm for Pre-surgical Evaluation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1354. [PMID: 31998216 PMCID: PMC6962296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the clinical and experimental use of memory functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The 2017 American Academy of Neurology practice guidelines on the use of pre-surgical cognitive fMRI suggests that verbal memory fMRI could be used to lateralize memory functions in people with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and should be used to predict post-operative verbal memory outcome. There are however technical and methodological considerations, to optimize both the sensitivity and specificity of this imaging modality. Below we discuss these constraints and suggest recommendations to consider when designing a memory fMRI paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buck
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Saint Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Meneka K. Sidhu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Saint Peter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Subramaniapillai S, Rajagopal S, Elshiekh A, Pasvanis S, Ankudowich E, Rajah MN. Sex Differences in the Neural Correlates of Spatial Context Memory Decline in Healthy Aging. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1895-1916. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with episodic memory decline and alterations in memory-related brain function. However, it remains unclear if age-related memory decline is associated with similar patterns of brain aging in women and men. In the current task fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the effect of age and memory performance on brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of face–location associations (spatial context memory). Forty-one women and 41 men between the ages of 21 and 76 years participated in this study. Between-group multivariate partial least squares analysis of the fMRI data was conducted to directly test for sex differences and similarities in age-related and performance-related patterns of brain activity. Our behavioral analysis indicated no significant sex differences in retrieval accuracy on the fMRI tasks. In relation to performance effects, we observed similarities and differences in how retrieval accuracy related to brain activity in women and men. Both sexes activated dorsal and lateral PFC, inferior parietal cortex, and left parahippocampal gyrus at encoding, and this supported subsequent memory performance. However, there were sex differences in retrieval activity in these same regions and in lateral occipital-temporal and ventrolateral PFC. In relation to age effects, we observed sex differences in the effect of age on memory-related activity within PFC, inferior parietal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and lateral occipital-temporal cortices. Overall, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of age-related spatial context memory decline differ in women compared with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Natasha Rajah
- McGill University
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smith V, Mitchell DJ, Duncan J. The effect of rule retrieval on activity in the default mode network. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116088. [PMID: 31408718 PMCID: PMC6839614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is often associated with internally-directed cognition, distinct from the constraints of the external environment. However, a recent finding is that the DMN shows strong activation after large task switches during a demanding externally-directed task (Crittenden et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2018). Following other proposals, we have suggested that the DMN encodes cognitive or environmental context, and that context representations are momentarily strengthened during large cognitive switches, perhaps so that new activity can be checked against current environmental constraints. An alternative account, consistent with the role of the DMN in episodic memory, might be that switches to a substantially new task increase demands on rule retrieval. To test this alternative, we directly manipulated rule retrieval demands. Contrary to the retrieval account, increased retrieval demand led to reduced DMN activity, accompanied by increased activation in prefrontal and lateral parietal cognitive control areas. Unlike episodic retrieval, with its rich contextual representations, rule retrieval does not drive DMN activity. Accordingly, it cannot explain increased DMN activity during large cognitive switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verity Smith
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel J Mitchell
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Duncan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nie A, Ke C, Li M, Guo B. Disrupters as Well as Monitors: Roles of Others During and After Collaborative Remembering in the DRM Procedure. Adv Cogn Psychol 2019; 15:276-289. [PMID: 32494313 PMCID: PMC7251628 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of others on true and inauthentic memory both during and after collaborative remembering have drawn extensive attention in recent years. Collaborative research has recorded three typical effects: collaborative inhibition and error pruning (i.e., nominal groups recall more true information but also bear higher erroneous intrusions than collaborative groups) during collaboration, as well as post-collaborative recall benefit after collaboration. This study introduced Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists not only to investigate these phenomena in semantically related information, but also set a course to explore false memory in the collaborative context. Another issue is the sensitivity of these effects to different episodic memory tests (i.e., item memory and source memory tests). In views of these, the current study instructed participants to study several DRM lists and then recall previously studied words (item recall) together with their displayed colors (source retrieval) twice (Recall 1 and 2). Recall 1 was performed either individually or collaboratively, whereas Recall 2 was conducted individually. The cost of collaborative inhibition was obtained, along with three different beneficial effects: error pruning, false memory reduction, and post-collaborative recall benefit. Furthermore, the novel implication of the current study is that it reveals the sensitivity of collaborative inhibition and error pruning in DRM lists to testing conditions and demonstrates that the modulation of collaboration on false memory occurs in the same way both during and after collaboration. These results are discussed in terms of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis and other accounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Chunchun Ke
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Towards a Universal Taxonomy of Macro-scale Functional Human Brain Networks. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:926-942. [PMID: 31707621 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of studies aimed at characterizing the human connectome. These projects map the brain regions comprising large-scale systems underlying cognition using non-invasive neuroimaging approaches and advanced analytic techniques adopted from network science. While the idea that the human brain is composed of multiple macro-scale functional networks has been gaining traction in cognitive neuroscience, the field has yet to reach consensus on several key issues regarding terminology. What constitutes a functional brain network? Are there "core" functional networks, and if so, what are their spatial topographies? What naming conventions, if universally adopted, will provide the most utility and facilitate communication amongst researchers? Can a taxonomy of functional brain networks be delineated? Here we survey the current landscape to identify six common macro-scale brain network naming schemes and conventions utilized in the literature, highlighting inconsistencies and points of confusion where appropriate. As a minimum recommendation upon which to build, we propose that a scheme incorporating anatomical terminology should provide the foundation for a taxonomy of functional brain networks. A logical starting point in this endeavor might delineate systems that we refer to here as "occipital", "pericentral", "dorsal frontoparietal", "lateral frontoparietal", "midcingulo-insular", and "medial frontoparietal" networks. We posit that as the field of network neuroscience matures, it will become increasingly imperative to arrive at a taxonomy such as that proposed here, that can be consistently referenced across research groups.
Collapse
|
26
|
Stillesjö S, Nyberg L, Wirebring LK. Building Memory Representations for Exemplar-Based Judgment: A Role for Ventral Precuneus. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:228. [PMID: 31379536 PMCID: PMC6646524 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain networks underlying human multiple-cue judgment, the judgment of a continuous criterion based on multiple cues, have been examined in a few recent studies, and the ventral precuneus has been found to be a key region. Specifically, activation differences in ventral precuneus (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) has been linked to an exemplar-based judgment process, where judgments are based on memory for previous similar cases. Ventral precuneus is implicated in various episodic memory processes, notably such that increased activity during learning in this region as well as in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the medial temporal lobes (MTL) have been linked to retrieval success. The present study used fMRI during a multiple-cue judgment task to gain novel neurocognitive evidence informative for the link between learning-related activity changes in ventral precuneus and exemplar-based judgment. Participants (N = 27) spontaneously learned to make judgments during fMRI, in a multiple-cue judgment task specifically designed to induce exemplar-based processing. Contrasting brain activity during late learning to early learning revealed higher activity in ventral precuneus, the bilateral MTL, and the vmPFC. Activity in the ventral precuneus and the vmPFC was found to parametrically increase between each judgment event, and activity levels in the ventral precuneus predicted performance after learning. These results are interpreted such that the ventral precuneus supports the aspects of exemplar-based processes that are related to episodic memory, tentatively by building, storing, and being implicated in retrieving memory representations for judgment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stillesjö
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linnea Karlsson Wirebring
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gilmore AW, Nelson SM, Naaz F, Shaffer RA, McDermott KB. BOLD Activity During Correct-Answer Feedback in Cued Recall Predicts Subsequent Retrieval Performance: An fMRI Investigation Using a Partial Trial Design. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:4008-4022. [PMID: 29045548 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receiving correct answer feedback following a retrieval attempt has proven to be a highly effective means of learning new information, yet the mechanisms behind its efficacy remain poorly understood. Here, fMRI was used to examine how BOLD activity measured during a period of feedback could predict subsequent memory (SM) performance on a final test. Twenty-five human subjects studied pairs of associated words, and were then asked to covertly recall target words in response to provided cues. Correct answer feedback was provided immediately after covert retrieval attempts. A partial trial design enabled separate modeling of activity related to retrieval and to feedback processing. During initial study, typical SM effects were observed across the whole brain. During feedback following a failed recall attempt, activity in only a subset of these regions predicted final test performance. These regions fell within the default mode network (DMN) and demonstrated negative SM effects, such that greater deactivation was associated with successful recall. No "task-positive" regions demonstrated SM effects in this contrast. The obtained results are consistent with a growing literature that associates DMN deactivation with successful learning in multiple task contexts, likely reflecting differences in the allocation of attentional resources during encoding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ruth A Shaffer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wynn SC, Hendriks MPH, Daselaar SM, Kessels RPC, Schutter DJLG. The posterior parietal cortex and subjectively perceived confidence during memory retrieval. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:382-389. [PMID: 30012883 PMCID: PMC6049393 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048033.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies suggest a role for the left angular gyrus (AG) in processes related to memory recognition. However, results of neuropsychological and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have been inconclusive regarding the specific contribution of the AG in recollection, familiarity, and the subjective experience of memory. To obtain further insight into this issue, 20 healthy right-handed volunteers performed a memory task in a single-blind within-subject controlled TMS study. Neuronavigated inhibitory repetitive TMS (rTMS) was applied over the left AG and the vertex in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Prior to rTMS participants were presented with a list of words. After rTMS participants were shown a second list of words and instructed to indicate if the word was already shown prior to rTMS ("old") or was presented for the first time ("new"). In addition, subjectively perceived memory confidence was assessed. Results showed that recollection was unaffected following inhibitory left AG rTMS. In contrast, rTMS over the left AG improved both familiarity and the subjectively perceived confidence of participants that demonstrated low baseline memory recognition. Our study highlights the importance of taking into account individual differences in experimental designs involving noninvasive brain stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syanah C Wynn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P H Hendriks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre of Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Daselaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kauttonen J, Hlushchuk Y, Jääskeläinen IP, Tikka P. Brain mechanisms underlying cue-based memorizing during free viewing of movie Memento. Neuroimage 2018; 172:313-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
30
|
Rugg MD, King DR. Ventral lateral parietal cortex and episodic memory retrieval. Cortex 2017; 107:238-250. [PMID: 28802589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of functional neuroimaging it quickly became apparent that successful episodic memory retrieval was consistently associated with enhanced activity in ventral lateral parietal cortex (VLPC), especially the left angular gyrus. Here, we selectively review recent neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging evidence relevant to the question of the functional significance of this activity. We argue that the balance of the evidence suggests that the angular gyrus supports the representation of retrieved episodic information, and that this likely reflects a more general role for the region in representing multi-modal and multi-domain information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Danielle R King
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Rosburg T, Gao C, Weber C, Guo C. Differentiation of subsequent memory effects between retrieval practice and elaborative study. Biol Psychol 2017; 127:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
King DR, Miller MB. Influence of response bias and internal/external source on lateral posterior parietal successful retrieval activity. Cortex 2017; 91:126-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Ankudowich E, Pasvanis S, Rajah M. Changes in the correlation between spatial and temporal source memory performance and BOLD activity across the adult lifespan. Cortex 2017; 91:234-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Long NM, Sperling MR, Worrell GA, Davis KA, Gross RE, Lega BC, Jobst BC, Sheth SA, Zaghloul K, Stein JM, Kahana MJ. Contextually Mediated Spontaneous Retrieval Is Specific to the Hippocampus. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1074-1079. [PMID: 28343962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is now well established that the hippocampus supports memory encoding [1, 2], little is known about hippocampal activity during spontaneous memory retrieval. Recent intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) work has shown that hippocampal activity during encoding predicts subsequent temporal organization of memories [3], supporting a role in contextual binding. It is an open question, however, whether the hippocampus similarly supports contextually mediated processes during retrieval. Here, we analyzed iEEG recordings obtained from 215 epilepsy patients as they performed a free recall task. To identify neural activity specifically associated with contextual retrieval, we compared correct recalls, intrusions (incorrect recall of either items from prior lists or items not previously studied), and deliberations (matched periods during recall when no items came to mind). Neural signals that differentiate correct recalls from both other retrieval classes reflect contextual retrieval, as correct recalls alone arise from the correct context. We found that in the hippocampus, high-frequency activity (HFA, 44-100 Hz), a proxy for neural activation [4], was greater prior to correct recalls relative to the other retrieval classes, with no differentiation between intrusions and deliberations. This pattern was not observed in other memory-related cortical regions, including DLPFC, thus supporting a specific hippocampal contribution to contextually mediated memory retrieval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Long
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Barbara C Jobst
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kareem Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Parahippocampal cortex (PHc) is known to process spatial information, both in perceptual and episodic memory studies. However, recent theories propose an expanded role for PHc in processing context information in general, whether spatial or nonspatial. The current study used a source memory paradigm to investigate encoding and retrieval of nonspatial context information. Human participants were asked to judge lexical aspects of word stimuli and to retrieve those judgments during a later memory test. Anterior PHc showed significantly greater activation for items associated with correct source judgments than items associated with incorrect source judgments during both encoding and retrieval phases. These findings suggest that the role of PHc in episodic memory cannot be limited to spatial information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Diana
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Thakral PP, Benoit RG, Schacter DL. Imagining the future: The core episodic simulation network dissociates as a function of timecourse and the amount of simulated information. Cortex 2017; 90:12-30. [PMID: 28324695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging data indicate that episodic memory (i.e., remembering specific past experiences) and episodic simulation (i.e., imagining specific future experiences) are associated with enhanced activity in a common set of neural regions, often referred to as the core network. This network comprises the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, lateral and medial parietal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. Evidence for a core network has been taken as support for the idea that episodic memory and episodic simulation are supported by common processes. Much remains to be learned about how specific core network regions contribute to specific aspects of episodic simulation. Prior neuroimaging studies of episodic memory indicate that certain regions within the core network are differentially sensitive to the amount of information recollected (e.g., the left lateral parietal cortex). In addition, certain core network regions dissociate as a function of their timecourse of engagement during episodic memory (e.g., transient activity in the posterior hippocampus and sustained activity in the left lateral parietal cortex). In the current study, we assessed whether similar dissociations could be observed during episodic simulation. We found that the left lateral parietal cortex modulates as a function of the amount of simulated details. Of particular interest, while the hippocampus was insensitive to the amount of simulated details, we observed a temporal dissociation within the hippocampus: transient activity occurred in relatively posterior portions of the hippocampus and sustained activity occurred in anterior portions. Because the posterior hippocampal and lateral parietal findings parallel those observed during episodic memory, the present results add to the evidence that episodic memory and episodic simulation are supported by common processes. Critically, the present study also provides evidence that regions within the core network support dissociable processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland G Benoit
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thakral PP, Wang TH, Rugg MD. Decoding the content of recollection within the core recollection network and beyond. Cortex 2016; 91:101-113. [PMID: 28077212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recollection - retrieval of qualitative information about a past event - is associated with enhanced neural activity in a consistent set of neural regions (the 'core recollection network') seemingly regardless of the nature of the recollected content. Here, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to assess whether retrieval-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in core recollection regions - including the hippocampus, angular gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex, and middle temporal gyrus - contain information about studied content and thus demonstrate retrieval-related 'reinstatement' effects. During study, participants viewed objects and concrete words that were subjected to different encoding tasks. Test items included studied words, the names of studied objects, or unstudied words. Participants judged whether the items were recollected, familiar, or new by making 'remember', 'know', and 'new' responses, respectively. The study history of remembered test items could be reliably decoded using MVPA in most regions, as well as from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region where univariate recollection effects could not be detected. The findings add to evidence that members of the core recollection network, as well as at least one neural region where mean signal is insensitive to recollection success, carry information about recollected content. Importantly, the study history of recognized items endorsed with a 'know' response could be decoded with equal accuracy. The results thus demonstrate a striking dissociation between mean signal and multi-voxel indices of recollection. Moreover, they converge with prior findings in suggesting that, as it is operationalized by classification-based MVPA, reinstatement is not uniquely a signature of recollection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy H Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effects of HD-tDCS on memory and metamemory for general knowledge questions that vary by difficulty. Brain Stimul 2016; 10:231-241. [PMID: 27876306 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to monitor one's own memory is an important feature of normal memory and is an aspect of 'metamemory'. Lesion studies have shown dissociations between memory and metamemory, but only single dissociations have been shown using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). One potential reason that only single dissociations have been shown is that tDCS effects may be moderated by task difficulty. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We used high definition (HD) tDCS to test for dissociable roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in semantic long-term memory and metamemory tasks. We also tested whether general knowledge question difficulty moderated the effects of HD-tDCS. METHODS Across 3 sessions, participants received active HD-tDCS over the left DLPFC or left ATL, or sham HD-tDCS during general knowledge recall and recognition tests, and a 'feeling-of-knowing' metamemory task. General knowledge questions were blocked by difficulty. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the effects of HD-tDCS on memory and metamemory tasks by memory question difficulty. RESULTS HD-tDCS over the ATL led to improved recall compared to DLPFC and sham HD-tDCS, and this occurred only for medium difficulty questions. In contrast, for non-recalled questions, HD-tDCS over the DLPFC led to improved recognition accuracy and improved feeling-of-knowing accuracy compared to ATL and sham HD-tDCS, and this was not moderated by memory question difficulty. CONCLUSION (S) HD-tDCS can be used to dissociate the roles of the ATL and DLPFC in different memory and 'metamemory' tasks. The effects of HD-tDCS on task may be moderated by task difficulty, depending on the nature of the task and site of stimulation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Anosognosia for Memory Impairment in Addiction: Insights from Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Assessment of Metamemory. Neuropsychol Rev 2016; 26:420-431. [PMID: 27447979 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-016-9323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In addiction, notably Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), patients often have a tendency to fail to acknowledge the reality of the disease and to minimize the physical, psychological, and social difficulties attendant to chronic alcohol consumption. This lack of awareness can reduce the chances of initiating and maintaining sobriety. Presented here is a model focusing on compromised awareness in individuals with AUD of mild to moderate cognitive deficits, in particular, for episodic memory impairment-the ability to learn new information, such as recent personal experiences. Early in abstinence, alcoholics can be unaware of their memory deficits and overestimate their mnemonic capacities, which can be investigated with metamemory paradigms. Relevant neuropsychological and neuroimaging results considered suggest that the alcoholics' impairment of awareness of their attenuated memory function can be a clinical manifestation explained mechanistically by neurobiological factors, including compromise of brain systems that result in a mild form of mnemonic anosognosia. Specifically, unawareness of memory impairment in AUD may result from a lack of personal knowledge updating attributable to damage in brain regions or connections supporting conscious recollection in episodic memory. Likely candidates are posterior parietal and medial frontal regions known to be integral part of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the insula leading to an impaired switching mechanism between the DMN and the Central-Executive Control (i.e., Lateral Prefronto-Parietal) Network. The cognitive concepts and neural substrates noted for addictive disorders may also be relevant for problems in self-identification of functional impairment resulting from injury following war-related blast, sport-related concussion, and insidiously occurring dementia.
Collapse
|
40
|
Park S, Kim I, Park HG, Shin SA, Cho Y, Youn JH, Kim YK, Lee JY. Development and Validation of the Rappel Indicé-24: Behavioral and Brain Morphological Evidence. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2016; 29:160-8. [PMID: 26956224 DOI: 10.1177/0891988716632912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary goals of the present study were to develop and validate the Rappel Indicé 24 (RI-24), a shorter version of the original Rappel Indicé, which includes 48 items (RI-48), and to identify the specific brain regions that were correlated with scores on the RI-24. Using these clinical scales, the present study evaluated 91 elderly Korean participants who were classified into 3 groups: normal control (NC; n = 34), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 29), and patients with Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 28). Of the 91 participants, 77 also underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. The RI-24 delayed cued recall (DCR) scores significantly differed among the NC, MCI, and AD groups. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the RI-24 was very sensitive (89%) and specific (91%) for the detection of AD. Furthermore, although the time needed to administer the RI-24 was half that needed for the RI-48, the 24-item version showed a high correlation (r= .85 for the DCR score) with the 48-item version. In terms of brain morphological characteristics, voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between DCR score and gray matter volume in the parahippocampal gyrus (r= .468), which plays a role in cued recall. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the RI-24 is a sensitive and reliable test for the detection of memory impairments in patients with MCI and AD despite its brief administration time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soowon Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsung Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hae Youn
- Yongmoon Graduate School of Counseling Psychology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Berkers RMWJ, Klumpers F, Fernández G. Medial prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity during emotional memory encoding predicts individual differences in the loss of associative memory specificity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt A:44-54. [PMID: 26868478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotionally charged items are often remembered better, whereas a paradoxical loss of specificity is found for associative emotional information (specific memory). The balance between specific and generalized emotional memories appears to show large individual differences, potentially related to differences in (the risk for) affective disorders that are characterized by 'overgeneralized' emotional memories. Here, we investigate the neural underpinnings of individual differences in emotional associative memory. A large group of healthy male participants were scanned while encoding associations of face-photographs and written occupational identities that were of either neutral ('driver') or negative ('murderer') valence. Subsequently, memory was tested by prompting participants to retrieve the occupational identities corresponding to each face. Whereas in both valence categories a similar amount of faces was labeled correctly with 'neutral' and 'negative' identities, (gist memory), specific associations were found to be less accurately remembered when the occupational identity was negative compared to neutral (specific memory). This pattern of results suggests reduced memory specificity for associations containing a negatively valenced component. The encoding of these negative associations was paired with a selective increase in medial prefrontal cortex activity and medial prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity. Individual differences in valence-specific neural connectivity were predictive of valence-specific reduction of memory specificity. The relationship between loss of emotional memory specificity and medial prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity is in line with the hypothesized role of a medial prefrontal-hippocampal circuit in regulating memory specificity, and warrants further investigations in individuals displaying 'overgeneralized' emotional memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud M W J Berkers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris Klumpers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clemens B, Regenbogen C, Koch K, Backes V, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Pauly K, Shah NJ, Schneider F, Habel U, Kellermann T. Incidental Memory Encoding Assessed with Signal Detection Theory and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:305. [PMID: 26635557 PMCID: PMC4649056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that apply a “subsequent memory” approach, successful encoding is indicated by increased fMRI activity during the encoding phase for hits vs. misses, in areas underlying memory encoding such as the hippocampal formation. Signal-detection theory (SDT) can be used to analyze memory-related fMRI activity as a function of the participant’s memory trace strength (d′). The goal of the present study was to use SDT to examine the relationship between fMRI activity during incidental encoding and participants’ recognition performance. To implement a new approach, post-experimental group assignment into High- or Low Performers (HP or LP) was based on 29 healthy participants’ recognition performance, assessed with SDT. The analyses focused on the interaction between the factors group (HP vs. LP) and recognition performance (hits vs. misses). A whole-brain analysis revealed increased activation for HP vs. LP during incidental encoding for remembered vs. forgotten items (hits > misses) in the insula/temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the fusiform gyrus (FFG). Parameter estimates in these regions exhibited a significant positive correlation with d′. As these brain regions are highly relevant for salience detection (insula), stimulus-driven attention (TPJ), and content-specific processing of mnemonic stimuli (FFG), we suggest that HPs’ elevated memory performance was associated with enhanced attentional and content-specific sensory processing during the encoding phase. We provide first correlative evidence that encoding-related activity in content-specific sensory areas and content-independent attention and salience detection areas influences memory performance in a task with incidental encoding of facial stimuli. Based on our findings, we discuss whether the aforementioned group differences in brain activity during incidental encoding might constitute the basis of general differences in memory performance between HP and LP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clemens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Backes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Pauly
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, (INM 4), Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on associative memory. Brain Res 2015; 1624:286-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Kragel JE, Polyn SM. Decoding Episodic Retrieval Processes: Frontoparietal and Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Free Recall. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 28:125-39. [PMID: 26401811 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of recognition memory have identified distinct patterns of cortical activity associated with two sets of cognitive processes: Recollective processes supporting retrieval of information specifying a probe item's original source are associated with the posterior hippocampus, ventral posterior parietal cortex, and medial pFC. Familiarity processes supporting the correct identification of previously studied probes (in the absence of a recollective response) are associated with activity in anterior medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures including the perirhinal cortex and anterior hippocampus, in addition to lateral prefrontal and dorsal posterior parietal cortex. Here, we address an open question in the cognitive neuroscientific literature: To what extent are these same neurocognitive processes engaged during an internally directed memory search task like free recall? We recorded fMRI activity while participants performed a series of free recall and source recognition trials, and we used a combination of univariate and multivariate analysis techniques to compare neural activation profiles across the two tasks. Univariate analyses showed that posterior MTL regions were commonly associated with recollective processes during source recognition and with free recall responses. Prefrontal and posterior parietal regions were commonly associated with familiarity processes and free recall responses, whereas anterior MTL regions were only associated with familiarity processes during recognition. In contrast with the univariate results, free recall activity patterns characterized using multivariate pattern analysis did not reliably match the neural patterns associated with recollective processes. However, these free recall patterns did reliably match patterns associated with familiarity processes, supporting theories of memory in which common cognitive mechanisms support both item recognition and free recall.
Collapse
|
45
|
Leiker EK, Johnson JD. Pattern reactivation co-varies with activity in the core recollection network during source memory. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
46
|
Hsieh LT, Ranganath C. Cortical and subcortical contributions to sequence retrieval: Schematic coding of temporal context in the neocortical recollection network. Neuroimage 2015. [PMID: 26209802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory entails the ability to remember what happened when. Although the available evidence indicates that the hippocampus plays a role in structuring serial order information during retrieval of event sequences, information processed in the hippocampus must be conveyed to other cortical and subcortical areas in order to guide behavior. However, the extent to which other brain regions contribute to the temporal organization of episodic memory remains unclear. Here, we examined multivoxel activity pattern changes during retrieval of learned and random object sequences, focusing on a neocortical "core recollection network" that includes the medial prefrontal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and angular gyrus, as well as on striatal areas including the caudate nucleus and putamen that have been implicated in processing of sequence information. The results demonstrate that regions of the core recollection network carry information about temporal positions within object sequences, irrespective of object information. This schematic coding of temporal information is in contrast to the putamen, which carried information specific to objects in learned sequences, and the caudate, which carried information about objects, irrespective of sequence context. Our results suggest a role for the cortical recollection network in the representation of temporal structure of events during episodic retrieval, and highlight the possible mechanisms by which the striatal areas may contribute to this process. More broadly, the results indicate that temporal sequence retrieval is a useful paradigm for dissecting the contributions of specific brain regions to episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tien Hsieh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ben-Zvi S, Soroker N, Levy DA. Parietal lesion effects on cued recall following pair associate learning. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:176-94. [PMID: 25998492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in episodic memory in a lesion-effects study of cued recall following pair-associate learning. Groups of patients who had experienced first-incident stroke, generally in middle cerebral artery territory, and exhibited damage that included lateral posterior parietal regions, were tested within an early post-stroke time window. In three experiments, patients and matched healthy comparison groups executed repeated study and cued recall test blocks of pairs of words (Experiment 1), pairs of object pictures (Experiment 2), or pairs of object pictures and environmental sounds (Experiment 3). Patients' brain CT scans were subjected to quantitative analysis of lesion volumes. Behavioral and lesion data were used to compute correlations between area lesion extent and memory deficits, and to conduct voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. These analyses implicated lateral ventral parietal cortex, especially the angular gyrus, in cued recall deficits, most pronouncedly in the cross-modal picture-sound pairs task, though significant parietal lesion effects were also found in the unimodal word pairs and picture pairs tasks. In contrast to an earlier study in which comparable parietal lesions did not cause deficits in item recognition, these results indicate that lateral posterior parietal areas make a substantive contribution to demanding forms of recollective retrieval as represented by cued recall, especially for complex associative representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Ben-Zvi
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Nachum Soroker
- Lowenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel A Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
State-based functional connectivity changes associate with cognitive decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects. Behav Brain Res 2015; 288:94-102. [PMID: 25907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) dysfunction is a central characteristic of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects, and has a high risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unknown how the EM network is modulated when a situation is switched. Twenty-six aMCI and twenty-two cognitively normal (CN) subjects were enrolled in this study. All of the subjects completed multi-dimensional neuropsychological tests and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during a resting-state and an episodic memory retrieval task state. The EM network was constructed using a seed-based functional connectivity (FC) approach. AMCI subjects showed poorer cognitive performances in the episodic memory and executive function. We demonstrated that connectivity of the left posterior parahippocampal gyrus (LpPHG) connected to the left ventral medial prefrontal cortex and the right postcentral gyrus (RPCG) was significantly decreased in aMCI subjects compared to CN subjects. Meanwhile, there was increased connectivity of the LpPHG to the right dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (RDMPFC), RPCG, left inferior parietal cortex, and bilateral superior parietal lobe in all of the subjects that changed from a resting-state to a task-state. Interestingly, the changed LpPHG-RDMPFC connectivity strength was significantly correlated with EM scores and executive function in the aMCI subjects. As a result, general brain regions are functionally organized and integrated into the EM network, and this strongly suggests that more cognitive resources are mobilized to meet the challenge of cognitive demand in the task state. These findings extend our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EM deficits in aMCI subjects.
Collapse
|
49
|
Recollection-related increases in functional connectivity predict individual differences in memory accuracy. J Neurosci 2015; 35:1763-72. [PMID: 25632149 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3219-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recollection involves retrieving specific contextual details about a prior event. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified several brain regions that are consistently more active during successful versus failed recollection-the "core recollection network." In the present study, we investigated whether these regions demonstrate recollection-related increases not only in activity but also in functional connectivity in healthy human adults. We used fMRI to compare time-series correlations during successful versus unsuccessful recollection in three separate experiments, each using a different operational definition of recollection. Across experiments, a broadly distributed set of regions consistently exhibited recollection-related increases in connectivity with different members of the core recollection network. Regions that demonstrated this effect included both recollection-sensitive regions and areas where activity did not vary as a function of recollection success. In addition, in all three experiments the magnitude of connectivity increases correlated across individuals with recollection accuracy in areas diffusely distributed throughout the brain. These findings suggest that enhanced functional interactions between distributed brain regions are a signature of successful recollection. In addition, these findings demonstrate that examining dynamic modulations in functional connectivity during episodic retrieval will likely provide valuable insight into neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in memory performance.
Collapse
|
50
|
Initial investigation of the effects of an experimentally learned schema on spatial associative memory in humans. J Neurosci 2015; 34:16662-70. [PMID: 25505319 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2365-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of interconnected neocortical representations of prior knowledge, "schemas," facilitate memory for congruent information. This facilitation is thought to be mediated by augmented encoding and accelerated consolidation. However, it is less clear how schema affects retrieval. Rodent and human studies to date suggest that schema-related memories are differently retrieved. However, these studies differ substantially as most human studies implement pre-experimental world-knowledge as schemas and tested item or nonspatial associative memory, whereas animal studies have used intraexperimental schemas based on item-location associations within a complex spatial layout that, in humans, could engage more strategic retrieval processes. Here, we developed a paradigm conceptually linked to rodent studies to examine the effects of an experimentally learned spatial associative schema on learning and retrieval of new object-location associations and to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying schema-related retrieval. Extending previous findings, we show that retrieval of schema-defining associations is related to activity along anterior and posterior midline structures and angular gyrus. The existence of such spatial associative schema resulted in more accurate learning and retrieval of new, related associations, and increased time allocated to retrieve these associations. This retrieval was associated with right dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral parietal activity, as well as interactions between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial and lateral parietal regions, and between the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior midline regions, supporting the hypothesis that retrieval of new, schema-related object-location associations in humans also involves augmented monitoring and systematic search processes.
Collapse
|