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Velazquez-Delgado C, Perez-Becerra J, Calderon V, Hernandez-Ortiz E, Bermudez-Rattoni F, Carrillo-Reid L. Paradoxical Boosting of Weak and Strong Spatial Memories by Hippocampal Dopamine Uncaging. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0469-23.2024. [PMID: 38755011 PMCID: PMC11138129 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0469-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember changes in the surroundings is fundamental for daily life. It has been proposed that novel events producing dopamine release in the hippocampal CA1 region could modulate spatial memory formation. However, the role of hippocampal dopamine increase on weak or strong spatial memories remains unclear. We show that male mice exploring two objects located in a familiar environment for 5 min created a short-term memory (weak) that cannot be retrieved 1 d later, whereas 10 min exploration created a long-term memory (strong) that can be retrieved 1 d later. Remarkably, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the encoding of weak object location memories (OLMs) allowed their retrieval 1 d later but dopamine elevation during the encoding of strong OLMs promoted the preference for a familiar object location over a novel object location after 24 h. Moreover, dopamine uncaging after the encoding of OLMs did not have effect on weak memories whereas on strong memories diminished the exploration of the novel object location. Additionally, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the retrieval of OLMs did not allow the recovery of weak memories and did not affect the retrieval of strong memory traces. Finally, dopamine elevation increased hippocampal theta oscillations, indicating that dopamine promotes the recurrent activation of specific groups of neurons. Our experiments demonstrate that hippocampal dopaminergic modulation during the encoding of OLMs depends on memory strength indicating that hyperdopaminergic levels that enhance weak experiences could compromise the normal storage of strong memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Perez-Becerra
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Vladimir Calderon
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Eduardo Hernandez-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Luis Carrillo-Reid
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
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2
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Ziemssen F, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Optical coherence tomography as a potential surrogate marker of dopaminergic modulation across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102280. [PMID: 38518921 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The retina has been considered a "window to the brain" and shares similar innervation by the dopaminergic system with the cortex in terms of an unequal distribution of D1 and D2 receptors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview that Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, which provides an "in vivo" representation of the retina, shows promise to be used as a surrogate marker of dopaminergic neuromodulation in cognition. Overall, most evidence supports reduced retinal thickness in individuals with dopaminergic dysregulation (e.g., patients with Parkinson's Disease, non-demented older adults) and with poor cognitive functioning. By using the theoretical framework of metacontrol, we derive hypotheses that retinal thinning associated to decreased dopamine (DA) levels affecting D1 families, might lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affecting cognitive persistence (depending on D1-modulated DA activity) but not cognitive flexibility (depending on D2-modulated DA activity). We argue that the use of OCT parameters might not only be an insightful for cognitive neuroscience research, but also a potentially effective tool for individualized medicine with a focus on cognition. As our society progressively ages in the forthcoming years and decades, the preservation of cognitive abilities and promoting healthy aging will hold of crucial significance. OCT has the potential to function as a swift, non-invasive, and economical method for promptly recognizing individuals with a heightened vulnerability to cognitive deterioration throughout all stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Ophthalmological Clinic, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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3
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Ryan TJ, Frankland PW. Forgetting as a form of adaptive engram cell plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:173-186. [PMID: 35027710 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or 'engram cells') and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical extension of this idea is that forgetting occurs when engram cells cannot be reactivated. Forms of 'natural forgetting' vary considerably in terms of their underlying mechanisms, time course and reversibility. However, we suggest that all forms of forgetting involve circuit remodelling that switches engram cells from an accessible state (where they can be reactivated by natural recall cues) to an inaccessible state (where they cannot). In many cases, forgetting rates are modulated by environmental conditions and we therefore propose that forgetting is a form of neuroplasticity that alters engram cell accessibility in a manner that is sensitive to mismatches between expectations and the environment. Moreover, we hypothesize that disease states associated with forgetting may hijack natural forgetting mechanisms, resulting in reduced engram cell accessibility and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Costanzi M, Cianfanelli B, Santirocchi A, Lasaponara S, Spataro P, Rossi-Arnaud C, Cestari V. Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040241. [PMID: 33810436 PMCID: PMC8066077 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed "intentional" and "incidental" forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Cianfanelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Santirocchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Clelia Rossi-Arnaud
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
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5
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Leukel C, Schümann D, Kalisch R, Sommer T, Bunzeck N. Dopamine Related Genes Differentially Affect Declarative Long-Term Memory in Healthy Humans. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:539725. [PMID: 33328916 PMCID: PMC7673390 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.539725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, monetary reward can promote behavioral performance including response times, accuracy, and subsequent recognition memory. Recent studies have shown that the dopaminergic system plays an essential role here, but the link to interindividual differences remains unclear. To further investigate this issue, we focused on previously described polymorphisms of genes affecting dopaminergic neurotransmission: DAT1 40 base pair (bp), DAT1 30 bp, DRD4 48 bp, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1). Specifically, 669 healthy humans participated in a delayed recognition memory paradigm on two consecutive days. On the first day, male vs. female faces served as cues predicting an immediate monetary reward upon correct button presses. Subsequently, participants performed a remember/know recognition memory task on the same day and 1 day later. As predicted, reward increased accuracy and accelerated response times, which were modulated by DAT 30 bp. However, reward did not promote subsequent recognition memory performance and there was no interaction with any genotype tested here. Importantly, there were differential effects of genotype on declarative long-term memory independent of reward: (a) DAT1 40 bp was linked to the quality of memory with a more pronounced difference between recollection and familiarity in the heterozygous and homozygous 10-R as compared to homozygous 9-R; (b) DAT1 30 bp was linked to memory decay, which was most pronounced in homozygous 4-R; (c) DRD4 48 bp was linked to overall recognition memory with higher performance in the short allele group; and (d) CNR1 was linked to overall memory with reduced performance in the homozygous short group. These findings give new insights into how polymorphisms, which are related to dopaminergic neuromodulation, differentially affect long-term recognition memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Leukel
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Schümann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Sommer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Ding X, Barban N, Tropf FC, Mills MC. The relationship between cognitive decline and a genetic predictor of educational attainment. Soc Sci Med 2019; 239:112549. [PMID: 31546143 PMCID: PMC6873779 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors both make substantial contributions to the heterogeneity in individuals’ levels of cognitive ability. Many studies have examined the relationship between educational attainment and cognitive performance and its rate of change. Yet there remains a gap in knowledge regarding whether the effect of genetic predictors on individual differences in cognition becomes more or less prominent over the life course. In this analysis of over 5000 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the U.S., we measured the change in performance on global cognition, episodic memory, attention & concentration, and mental status over 14 years. Growth curve models are used to evaluate the association between a polygenic risk score for education (education PGS) and cognitive change. Using the most recent education PGS, we find that individuals with higher scores perform better across all measures of cognition in later life. Education PGS is associated with a faster decline in episodic memory in old age. The relationships are robust even after controlling for phenotypic educational attainment, and are unlikely to be driven by mortality bias. Future research should consider genetic effects when examining non-genetic factors in cognitive decline. Our findings represent a need to understand the mechanisms between genetic endowment of educational attainment and cognitive decline from a biological angle. Older adults with higher scores perform better across all measures of cognition. The relationship is robust after controlling for phenotypic educational attainment. The genetic effect on episodic memory diminishes with age. Future research should consider genetic effects when examining cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Ding
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicola Barban
- Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, UK
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Center for Research in economics an Statistics (CREST), École Nationale de la Statistique et de L'administration Économique (ENSAE), France
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, UK; Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, UK
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7
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Blum K, Badgaiyan RD, Dunston GM, Baron D, Modestino EJ, McLaughlin T, Steinberg B, Gold MS, Gondré-Lewis MC. The DRD2 Taq1A A1 Allele May Magnify the Risk of Alzheimer's in Aging African-Americans. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5526-5536. [PMID: 28965318 PMCID: PMC5878111 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys cognitive skills and the ability to perform the simplest tasks. More than 5 million Americans are afflicted with Alzheimer's; a disorder which ranks third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. With no real cure and in spite of enormous efforts worldwide, the disease remains a mystery in terms of treatment. Importantly, African-Americans are two times as likely as Whites to develop late-onset Alzheimer's disease and less likely to receive timely diagnosis and treatment. Dopamine function is linked to normal cognition and memory and carriers of the DRD2 Taq1A A1 allele have significant loss of D2 receptor density in the brain. Recent research has shown that A1 carriers have worse memory performance during long-term memory (LTM) updating, compared to non-carriers or A2-carriers. A1carriers also show less blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in the left caudate nucleus which is important for LTM updating. This latter effect was only seen in older adults, suggesting magnification of genetic effects on brain functioning in the elderly. Moreover, the frequency of the A1 allele is 0.40 in African-Americans, with an approximate prevalence of the DRD2 A1 allele in 50% of an African-American subset of individuals. This is higher than what is found in a non-screened American population (≤ 28%) for reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) behaviors. Based on DRD2 known genetic polymorphisms, we hypothesize that the DRD2 Taq1A A1 allele magnifies the risk of Alzheimer's in aging African-Americans. Research linking this high risk for Alzheimer's in the African-American population, with DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism and neurocognitive deficits related to LTM, could pave the way for novel, targeted pro-dopamine homeostatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA
- Department of Neurogenetics, Igene, LLC, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Therapy, Nupathways, Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Neuroscience Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Richmond University Medical Center, 355 Bard Avenue, Staten Island, NY, 10310, USA
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Richmond University Medical Center, 355 Bard Avenue, Staten Island, NY, 10310, USA
| | - Georgia M Dunston
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Baron
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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8
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Hupfeld KE, Vaillancourt DE, Seidler RD. Genetic markers of dopaminergic transmission predict performance for older males but not females. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:180.e11-180.e21. [PMID: 29525179 PMCID: PMC5924602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mobility and memory declines with aging can limit independence. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive performance, but studies investigating motor function are scant. We examined 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms involved in dopaminergic metabolism: BDNF (Val66Met), DRD3 (Ser9Gly), DBH (C>T), and COMT (Val158Met) for their relationship to motor and cognitive function in healthy older adults (n = 4605 and n = 7331) who participated in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. Individuals with genotypes associated with reduced dopamine metabolism exhibited poorer balance and memory. We found the most pronounced effects in the oldest participants (aged 85+ years), supporting the notion that age-related declines in dopamine availability contribute to magnified genotype effects with advancing age. Moreover, males demonstrated stronger associations than did females between a number of beneficial dopamine alleles and cognitive scores, suggesting that sex differences in dopaminergic transmission interact with genotype to influence performance. These findings point to common genetic variants related to dopaminergic metabolism that characterizes individual differences in motor and cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hupfeld
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Thanos PK, Hamilton J, O'Rourke JR, Napoli A, Febo M, Volkow ND, Blum K, Gold M. Dopamine D2 gene expression interacts with environmental enrichment to impact lifespan and behavior. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19111-23. [PMID: 26992232 PMCID: PMC4991369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging produces cellular, molecular, and behavioral changes affecting many areas of the brain. The dopamine (DA) system is known to be vulnerable to the effects of aging, which regulate behavioral functions such as locomotor activity, body weight, and reward and cognition. In particular, age-related DA D2 receptor (D2R) changes have been of particular interest given its relationship with addiction and other rewarding behavioral properties. Male and female wild-type (Drd2 +/+), heterozygous (Drd2 +/−) and knockout (Drd2 −/−) mice were reared post-weaning in either an enriched environment (EE) or a deprived environment (DE). Over the course of their lifespan, body weight and locomotor activity was assessed. While an EE was generally found to be correlated with longer lifespan, these increases were only found in mice with normal or decreased expression of the D2 gene. Drd2 +/+ EE mice lived nearly 16% longer than their DE counterparts. Drd2 +/+ and Drd2 +/− EE mice lived 22% and 21% longer than Drd2 −/− EE mice, respectively. Moreover, both body weight and locomotor activity were moderated by environmental factors. In addition, EE mice show greater behavioral variability between genotypes compared to DE mice with respect to body weight and locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R O'Rourke
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Napoli
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk Community College, Riverhead, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:455-497. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
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11
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McLaughlin T, Han D, Nicholson J, Steinberg B, Blum K, Febo M, Braverman E, Li M, Fried L, Badgaiyan R. Improvement of long-term memory access with a pro-dopamine regulator in an elderly male: Are we targeting dopamine tone? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 29423319 PMCID: PMC5800757 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With aging, there is decline in both short-term and long-term memory. This effect is magnified by epigenetic insults on specific, dopamine- related genes (e.g., DRD2, DAT1) as well as by impaired or reduced mRNA transcription. In addition, long-term memory ability is positively correlated with dopamine function and there is evidence that aging is associated with a reduction in brain dopamine D2 receptors, with an acceleration seen in aging-induced dementia. As a result, the authors tested the acute effect of a Pro-Dopamine Regulator (KB220Z, liquid Nano variant) on an aspect of long-term memory performance in a 77-year-old, highly functional male, using the Animal Naming Test (ANT). An improvement in long-term memory retrieval had initially been noted during the subject’s follow-up neurology exam, after he had been, for other reasons, taking KB220z. The patient had been given a number of ANTs by his primary and, later, another neurologist, from 2013 to 2016. Because the number of ANT observations was small (N = 7 with two groups) and the data uncorrelated, a non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was performed to test mean differences. After KB220z, the patient had much higher scores (p = 0.04762) on the ANT vs. when not taking it. His scores increased from the 30th percentile (pre-test) to the 76th percentile, after the first administration of KB220z and, later, to the 98th percentile, after a second administration of KB220z, six months later. The results indicate that KB220z, given acutely, increased a form of long-term memory retrieval in a highly functional, elderly male. Larger, double-blind, randomized controlled studies are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA.,Department of Neurogenetics, Igene, LLC, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways, Inc. Innsbrook, USA.,Division of Neuroscience Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.,Division of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, USA
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, USA
| | - Lyle Fried
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rajendra Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA (IE)
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12
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Dopamine and memory dedifferentiation in aging. Neuroimage 2017; 153:211-220. [PMID: 25800211 PMCID: PMC5460975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedifferentiation theory of aging proposes that a reduction in the specificity of neural representations causes declines in complex cognition as people get older, and may reflect a reduction in dopaminergic signaling. The present pharmacological fMRI study investigated episodic memory-related dedifferentiation in young and older adults, and its relation to dopaminergic function, using a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover design with the agonist Bromocriptine (1.25mg) and the antagonist Sulpiride (400mg). We used multi-voxel pattern analysis to measure memory specificity: the degree to which distributed patterns of activity distinguishing two different task contexts during an encoding phase are reinstated during memory retrieval. As predicted, memory specificity was reduced in older adults in prefrontal cortex and in hippocampus, consistent with an impact of neural dedifferentiation on episodic memory representations. There was also a linear age-dependent dopaminergic modulation of memory specificity in hippocampus reflecting a relative boost to memory specificity on Bromocriptine in older adults whose memory was poorer at baseline, and a relative boost on Sulpiride in older better performers, compared to the young. This differed from generalized effects of both agents on task specificity in the encoding phase. The results demonstrate a link between aging, dopaminergic function and dedifferentiation in the hippocampus.
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13
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Richter A, Barman A, Wüstenberg T, Soch J, Schanze D, Deibele A, Behnisch G, Assmann A, Klein M, Zenker M, Seidenbecher C, Schott BH. Behavioral and Neural Manifestations of Reward Memory in Carriers of Low-Expressing versus High-Expressing Genetic Variants of the Dopamine D2 Receptor. Front Psychol 2017; 8:654. [PMID: 28507526 PMCID: PMC5410587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is critically important in the neural manifestation of motivated behavior, and alterations in the human dopaminergic system have been implicated in the etiology of motivation-related psychiatric disorders, most prominently addiction. Patients with chronic addiction exhibit reduced dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability in the striatum, and the DRD2 TaqIA (rs1800497) and C957T (rs6277) genetic polymorphisms have previously been linked to individual differences in striatal dopamine metabolism and clinical risk for alcohol and nicotine dependence. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the variants of these polymorphisms would show increased reward-related memory formation, which has previously been shown to jointly engage the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and the hippocampus, as a potential intermediate phenotype for addiction memory. To this end, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 62 young, healthy individuals genotyped for DRD2 TaqIA and C957T variants. Participants performed an incentive delay task, followed by a recognition memory task 24 h later. We observed effects of both genotypes on the overall recognition performance with carriers of low-expressing variants, namely TaqIA A1 carriers and C957T C homozygotes, showing better performance than the other genotype groups. In addition to the better memory performance, C957T C homozygotes also exhibited a response bias for cues predicting monetary reward. At the neural level, the C957T polymorphism was associated with a genotype-related modulation of right hippocampal and striatal fMRI responses predictive of subsequent recognition confidence for reward-predicting items. Our results indicate that genetic variations associated with DRD2 expression affect explicit memory, specifically for rewarded stimuli. We suggest that the relatively better memory for rewarded stimuli in carriers of low-expressing DRD2 variants may reflect an intermediate phenotype of addiction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University HospitalBerlin, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Deibele
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Assmann
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Marieke Klein
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University HospitalBerlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesMagdeburg, Germany
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14
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Passow S, Thurm F, Li SC. Activating Developmental Reserve Capacity Via Cognitive Training or Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: Potentials for Promoting Fronto-Parietal and Hippocampal-Striatal Network Functions in Old Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:33. [PMID: 28280465 PMCID: PMC5322263 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing neurocomputational and empirical data link deficient neuromodulation of the fronto-parietal and hippocampal-striatal circuitries with aging-related increase in processing noise and declines in various cognitive functions. Specifically, the theory of aging neuronal gain control postulates that aging-related suboptimal neuromodulation may attenuate neuronal gain control, which yields computational consequences on reducing the signal-to-noise-ratio of synaptic signal transmission and hampering information processing within and between cortical networks. Intervention methods such as cognitive training and non-invasive brain stimulation, e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been considered as means to buffer cognitive functions or delay cognitive decline in old age. However, to date the reported effect sizes of immediate training gains and maintenance effects of a variety of cognitive trainings are small to moderate at best; moreover, training-related transfer effects to non-trained but closely related (i.e., near-transfer) or other (i.e., far-transfer) cognitive functions are inconsistent or lacking. Similarly, although applying different tDCS protocols to reduce aging-related cognitive impairments by inducing temporary changes in cortical excitability seem somewhat promising, evidence of effects on short- and long-term plasticity is still equivocal. In this article, we will review and critically discuss existing findings of cognitive training- and stimulation-related behavioral and neural plasticity effects in the context of cognitive aging, focusing specifically on working memory and episodic memory functions, which are subserved by the fronto-parietal and hippocampal-striatal networks, respectively. Furthermore, in line with the theory of aging neuronal gain control we will highlight that developing age-specific brain stimulation protocols and the concurrent applications of tDCS during cognitive training may potentially facilitate short- and long-term cognitive and brain plasticity in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Passow
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, TU Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Franka Thurm
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, TU Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, TU Dresden Dresden, Germany
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15
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Marchewka A, Wypych M, Moslehi A, Riegel M, Michałowski JM, Jednoróg K. Arousal Rather than Basic Emotions Influence Long-Term Recognition Memory in Humans. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:198. [PMID: 27818626 PMCID: PMC5073153 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion can influence various cognitive processes, however its impact on memory has been traditionally studied over relatively short retention periods and in line with dimensional models of affect. The present study aimed to investigate emotional effects on long-term recognition memory according to a combined framework of affective dimensions and basic emotions. Images selected from the Nencki Affective Picture System were rated on the scale of affective dimensions and basic emotions. After 6 months, subjects took part in a surprise recognition test during an fMRI session. The more negative the pictures the better they were remembered, but also the more false recognitions they provoked. Similar effects were found for the arousal dimension. Recognition success was greater for pictures with lower intensity of happiness and with higher intensity of surprise, sadness, fear, and disgust. Consecutive fMRI analyses showed a significant activation for remembered (recognized) vs. forgotten (not recognized) images in anterior cingulate and bilateral anterior insula as well as in bilateral caudate nuclei and right thalamus. Further, arousal was found to be the only subjective rating significantly modulating brain activation. Higher subjective arousal evoked higher activation associated with memory recognition in the right caudate and the left cingulate gyrus. Notably, no significant modulation was observed for other subjective ratings, including basic emotion intensities. These results emphasize the crucial role of arousal for long-term recognition memory and support the hypothesis that the memorized material, over time, becomes stored in a distributed cortical network including the core salience network and basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abnoos Moslehi
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Riegel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Papenberg G, Becker N, Ferencz B, Naveh-Benjamin M, Laukka EJ, Bäckman L, Brehmer Y. Dopamine Receptor Genes Modulate Associative Memory in Old Age. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 29:245-253. [PMID: 27647283 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous research shows that associative memory declines more than item memory in aging. Although the underlying mechanisms of this selective impairment remain poorly understood, animal and human data suggest that dopaminergic modulation may be particularly relevant for associative binding. We investigated the influence of dopamine (DA) receptor genes on item and associative memory in a population-based sample of older adults (n = 525, aged 60 years), assessed with a face-scene item associative memory task. The effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of DA D1 (DRD1; rs4532), D2 (DRD2/ANKK1/Taq1A; rs1800497), and D3 (DRD3/Ser9Gly; rs6280) receptor genes were examined and combined into a single genetic score. Individuals carrying more beneficial alleles, presumably associated with higher DA receptor efficacy (DRD1 C allele; DRD2 A2 allele; DRD3 T allele), performed better on associative memory than persons with less beneficial genotypes. There were no effects of these genes on item memory or other cognitive measures, such as working memory, executive functioning, fluency, and perceptual speed, indicating a selective association between DA genes and associative memory. By contrast, genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) was associated with worse item and associative memory, indicating adverse effects of APOE ε4 and a genetic risk score for AD (PICALM, BIN1, CLU) on episodic memory in general. Taken together, our results suggest that DA may be particularly important for associative memory, whereas AD-related genetic variations may influence overall episodic memory in older adults without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Becker
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Ferencz
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | | | - Erika J Laukka
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | - Yvonne Brehmer
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Interactive effects of age and multi-gene profile on motor learning and sensorimotor adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:222-34. [PMID: 26926580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interactive association of age and dopaminergic polymorphisms on cognitive function has been studied extensively. However, there is limited research on whether age interacts with the association between genetic polymorphisms and motor learning. We examined a group of young and older adults' performance in three motor tasks: explicit sequence learning, visuomotor adaptation, and grooved pegboard. We assessed whether individuals' motor learning and performance were associated with their age and genotypes. We selected three genetic polymorphisms: Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT val158met) and Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2 G>T), which are involved with dopaminergic regulation, and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF val66met) that modulates neuroplasticity and has been shown to interact with dopaminergic genes. Although the underlying mechanisms of the function of these three genotypes are different, the high performance alleles of each have been linked to better learning and performance. We created a composite polygene score based on the Number of High Performance Alleles (NHPA) that each individual carried. We found several associations between genetic profile, motor performance, and sensorimotor adaptation. More importantly, we found that this association varies with age, task type, and engagement of implicit versus explicit learning processes.
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18
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Boraxbekk CJ, Ames D, Kochan NA, Lee T, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JBJ, Schofield PR, Reppermund S, Wright MJ, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Sachdev P, Mather KA. Investigating the influence of KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms on cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of memory performance and hippocampal volume in older individuals. Neuropsychologia 2015; 78:10-7. [PMID: 26415670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The variability of episodic memory decline and hippocampal atrophy observed with increasing age may partly be explained by genetic factors. KIBRA (kidney and brain expressed protein) and CLSTN2 (calsyntenin 2) are two candidate genes previously linked to episodic memory performance and volume of the hippocampus, a key memory structure. However, whether polymorphisms in these two genes also influence age-related longitudinal memory decline and hippocampal atrophy is still unknown. Using data from two independent cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study and the Older Australian Twins Study, we investigated whether the KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms (rs17070145 and rs6439886) are associated with episodic memory performance and hippocampal volume in older adults (65-90 years at baseline). We were able to examine these polymorphisms in relation to memory and hippocampal volume using cross-sectional data and, more importantly, also using longitudinal data (2 years between testing occasions). Overall we did not find support for an association of KIBRA either alone or in combination with CLSTN2 with memory performance or hippocampal volume, nor did variation in these genes influence longitudinal memory decline or hippocampal atrophy in two cohorts of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Boraxbekk
- CEDAR, Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; UFBI, Umeå centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Diverse neuropsychiatric disorders present dysfunctional memory and no effective treatment exits for them; likely as result of the absence of neural markers associated to memory. Neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways have been implicated in memory and dysfunctional memory; however, their role is poorly understood. Hence, neural markers and cerebral functions and dysfunctions are revised. To our knowledge no previous systematic works have been published addressing these issues. The interactions among behavioral tasks, control groups and molecular changes and/or pharmacological effects are mentioned. Neurotransmitter receptors and signaling pathways, during normal and abnormally functioning memory with an emphasis on the behavioral aspects of memory are revised. With focus on serotonin, since as it is a well characterized neurotransmitter, with multiple pharmacological tools, and well characterized downstream signaling in mammals' species. 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as well as SERT (serotonin transporter) seem to be useful neural markers and/or therapeutic targets. Certainly, if the mentioned evidence is replicated, then the translatability from preclinical and clinical studies to neural changes might be confirmed. Hypothesis and theories might provide appropriate limits and perspectives of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meneses
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Papenberg G, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. Aging-related magnification of genetic effects on cognitive and brain integrity. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:506-14. [PMID: 26187033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heritability studies document substantial genetic influences on cognitive performance and decline in old age. Increasing evidence shows that effects of genetic variations on cognition, brain structure, and brain function become stronger as people age. Disproportionate impairments are typically observed for older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes of different candidate genes. These data support the resource-modulation hypothesis, which states that genetic effects are magnified in persons with constrained neural resources, such as older adults. However, given that findings are not unequivocal, we discuss the need to address several factors that may resolve inconsistencies in the extant literature (gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, study populations, gene-environment correlations, and epigenetic mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Persson J, Rieckmann A, Kalpouzos G, Fischer H, Bäckman L. Influences of a DRD2 polymorphism on updating of long-term memory representations and caudate BOLD activity: magnification in aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1325-34. [PMID: 25486867 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic polymorphisms are related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Striatal dopamine (DA) functions, associated with cognitive performance, are linked to the TaqIA polymorphism of the DRD2/ANKK1 gene. In humans, presence of an A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism is related to reduced density of striatal DA D2 receptors. The resource-modulation hypothesis assumes that aging-related losses of neurochemical and structural brain resources modulate the extent to which genetic variations affect cognitive functioning. Here, we tested this hypothesis using functional MRI during long-term memory (LTM) updating in younger and older carriers and noncarriers of the A1-allele of the TaqIa polymorphism. We demonstrate that older A1-carriers have worse memory performance, specifically during LTM updating, compared to noncarriers. Moreover, A1-carriers exhibited less blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in left caudate nucleus, a region critical to updating. This effect was only seen in older adults, suggesting magnification of genetic effects on functional brain activity in aging. Further, a positive relationship between caudate BOLD activation and updating performance among non-A1 carriers indicated that caudate activation was behaviorally relevant. These results demonstrate a link between the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism and neurocognitive deficits related to LTM updating, and provide novel evidence that this effect is magnified in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Pantzar A, Laukka EJ, Atti AR, Papenberg G, Keller L, Graff C, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Interactive effects of KIBRA and CLSTN2 polymorphisms on episodic memory in old-age unipolar depression. Neuropsychologia 2014; 62:137-42. [PMID: 25080189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The KIBRA (rs17070145) C-allele and the CLSTN2 (rs6439886) T-allele have both been associated with poorer episodic memory performance. Given that episodic memory is affected in depression, we hypothesized that the combination of these risk alleles would be particularly detrimental to episodic memory performance in depressed persons. In the population-based SNAC-K study, 2170 participants (≥ 60 years) without dementia (DSM-IV criteria) and antidepressant pharmacotherapy were clinically examined and diagnosed following ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression, and genotyped for KIBRA and CLSTN2. Participants were categorized according to unipolar depression status (yes, no) and genotype combinations (KIBRA: CC, any T; CLSTN2: TT, any C). Critically, a three-way interaction effect showed that the CC/TT genotype combination was associated with poorer episodic recall and recognition performance only in depressed elderly persons, with depressed CC/TT carriers consistently performing at the lowest level. This finding supports the view that effects of genetic polymorphisms on cognitive functioning may be most easily disclosed at suboptimal levels of cognitive ability, such as in old-age depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pantzar
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Li SC, Rieckmann A. Neuromodulation and aging: implications of aging neuronal gain control on cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 29:148-58. [PMID: 25064177 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of various transmitter systems declines with advancing age. Of particular interest, various pre-synaptic and post-synaptic components of the dopaminergic system change across the human lifespan; impairments in these components play important roles in cognitive deficits commonly observed in the elderly. Here, we review evidence from recent multimodal neuroimaging, pharmacological and genetic studies that have provided new insights for the associations among dopamine functions, aging, functional brain activations and behavioral performance across key cognitive functions, ranging from working memory and episodic memory to goal-directed learning and decision making. Specifically, we discuss these empirical findings in the context of an established neurocomputational theory of aging neuronal gain control. We also highlight gaps in the current understanding of dopamine neuromodulation and aging brain functions and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Li
- Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 17, Dresden D-01062, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin D-14195, Germany.
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umea 901 87, Sweden
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24
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Papenberg G, Lövdén M, Laukka EJ, Kalpouzos G, Keller L, Graff C, Köhncke Y, Li TQ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Magnified effects of the COMT gene on white-matter microstructure in very old age. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2927-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Papenberg G, Li SC, Nagel IE, Nietfeld W, Schjeide BM, Schröder J, Bertram L, Heekeren HR, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. Dopamine and glutamate receptor genes interactively influence episodic memory in old age. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1213.e3-8. [PMID: 24332987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Both the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems modulate episodic memory consolidation. Evidence from animal studies suggests that these two neurotransmitters may interact in influencing memory performance. Given that individual differences in episodic memory are heritable, we investigated whether variations of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (rs6277, C957T) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (NR3A) gene, coding for the N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A subunit of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (rs10989591, Val362Met), interactively modulate episodic memory in large samples of younger (20-31 years; n = 670) and older (59-71 years; n = 832) adults. We found a reliable gene-gene interaction, which was observed in older adults only: older individuals carrying genotypes associated with greater D2 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor efficacy showed better episodic performance. These results are in line with findings showing magnification of genetic effects on memory in old age, presumably as a consequence of reduced brain resources. Our findings underscore the need for investigating interactive effects of multiple genes to understand individual difference in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irene E Nagel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Nietfeld
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brit-Maren Schjeide
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li SC. Neuromodulation and developmental contextual influences on neural and cognitive plasticity across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2201-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effects of aging and dopamine genotypes on the emergence of explicit memory during sequence learning. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2757-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Schuck NW, Doeller CF, Schjeide BMM, Schröder J, Frensch PA, Bertram L, Li SC. Aging and KIBRA/WWC1 genotype affect spatial memory processes in a virtual navigation task. Hippocampus 2013; 23:919-30. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W. Schuck
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development; Center for Lifespan Psychology; 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; 10099 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian F. Doeller
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; 6525 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Brit-Maren M. Schjeide
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group; 14195 Berlin Germany
- Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter A. Frensch
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; 10099 Berlin Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development; Center for Lifespan Psychology; 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychology; TU Dresden, Section of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience; 01062 Dresden Germany
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